High-level Training Research Articles

Diffusion of medications for opioid use disorder treatment in jail settings: a convergent mixed methods study of jail staff perspectives

BackgroundImplementation of medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) in jails varies by facility and across states. Organizational climate, including staff attitudes toward change and exposure to education, can influence perceptions of innovations like MOUD in jails. Using a mixed methods design, we aimed to understand the association between organizational climate and jail staff perceptions of MOUD.MethodsJail staff (n = 111) who operate MOUD programs in 6 Massachusetts jails completed surveys that included the Organizational Readiness for Implementing Change (ORIC) survey. Random effects logistic regression models assessed associations between organizational climate and several outcomes of perceived MOUD efficacy, acceptability, and knowledge, while controlling for covariates. Jail staff (N = 61) participated in qualitative interviews and focus groups focused on organizational climate and knowledge diffusion, which we analyzed using inductive and deductive methods.ResultsThe results indicate that organizational change readiness on the ORIC was associated with positive perceptions of MOUD, and educational resources facilitated MOUD implementation. Greater ORIC was associated with higher perception of methadone as highly acceptable for jail populations (Odds ratio [OR] 2.3, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] 1.2 to 4.4), and high knowledge of methadone (OR 2.3, 95% CI 1.1 to 4.9), with similar magnitude of effects for buprenorphine. High levels of training for jail staff on methadone and buprenorphine were also associated with higher knowledge of these medications (Methadone: OR 7.2, 95% CI 2.2 to 23.2; Buprenorphine: OR 3.4, 95% CI 1.2 to 9.5). Qualitative results point towards the importance of organizational climate and elucidate educational strategies to improve staff perceptions of MOUD.ConclusionResults underscore the importance of organizational climate for successful implementation of jail MOUD programs and provide support for medication-specific educational resources as a facilitator of successful MOUD implementation in jail settings. Findings highlight implementation strategies that may improve jail staff perceptions of MOUD.

Supplement usage and doping attitudes in elite youth sports: The mediating role of dietary supplement acceptance.

This study investigated whether dietary supplement acceptance mediated the relationship between supplement use and doping attitudes in youth sports. To this end, we employed a two-wave half-longitudinal design during a sports season (time point one [T1] to time point two [T2]). The sample consisted of 217 elite youth athletes (47% male; mean age = 16.98 years, standard deviation = 0.88) who competed in team sports (43%; N = 93; basketball, floorball, handball, and ice hockey) and individual sports (57%; N = 124; alpine skiing, biathlon, cross-country skiing, swimming, and tennis). The participants were recruited from eight Norwegian sports academy high schools that provide extracurricular, higher-level training and specialization for youth athletes. Results from structural equation modeling analysis indicated that dietary supplement acceptance (T2) mediated the positive relationship between supplement use (T1) and doping attitudes (T2) when accounting for prior levels of the mediator and the outcome variable. These findings suggest that when young athletes used dietary supplements at the start of the season to improve their performance, they were more likely to view the use of supplements as acceptable and to report more favorable attitudes toward doping at the end of the season six months later. For those seeking to prevent doping in youth sports, targeting athletes' views on the acceptable use of dietary supplements may be important.

Comparing both Open and Closed Techniques in Rhinoplasty

Rhinoplasty is a surgical technique used to restore and modify nasal tissues for both functional and aesthetic reasons. There are two primary methods for doing a rhinoplasty: open and closed. While both methods change the bone and cartilage, there are variations in the ways that the nasal components are reached. Both open and closed rhinoplasty have changed significantly over the past 20 years due to the introduction of various cartilage transplants, sutures, and improvements in surgical technology. Rhinoplasty is a very difficult procedure that calls for a high level of expertise and training from physicians. Because of the lifelong learning curve, the surgeon's skill set—rather than their technique—determines the best possible patient outcomes.

Technological innovation from a system dynamics approach

Technological development and innovation models have evolved over time and in an increasingly globalized context. Their implementation results in the strengthening of competitiveness through the strategic development of human and technical capabilities. This research aims to design a model for the management of technological innovation with a system dynamics (SD) approach. The construction of the SD model is based on the analysis of the models found in the literature on the subject; the methodology applied includes the definition of the problem, the causal loop diagram, the flow diagram, the summary of the main equations, and the validation of the model. The main variables identified were capital available for investment in innovation, capital invested for high-level human resources training, human resources with high-level training, capital invested in innovation projects, innovation service contracts, profits from innovation service contracts, and initial capital for investment in innovation.

The role of physical training in the selection system of military personnel for the special operations forces of the Indian armed forces

This article describes the training system of special operations forces of the Indian Armed Forces. Selection for the units of special operations forces is carried out from army units, in which psychological and intellectual tests are conducted, as well as a check of physical fitness level. The training takes place in various geographical conditions, including in the desert and mountains. Also, urban tactics are practiced. Units of special operations forces perform combat tasks using force methods in extreme conditions with the use of special tactics in specific conditions, which requires a high level of psychological, ideological, physical and combat training of military personnel. The doctrine of joint training of the Armed Forces of India demonstrates the intention of the country’s leaders to put into practice contemporary technologies for training the Armed Forces personnel, to increase the effectiveness of troops in modern military warfare, which are characterized by the use of hybrid forms of armed struggle. The doctrine reveals the essence and content of challenges and threats to national security. According to the military and political leadership of the state, it is considered the result of the activities of terrorist organizations and the foreign policy courses of China and Pakistan, which are aimed at reducing the role of India in South Asia. The existence of interstate disagreements with the countries of South Asia on territorial issues, the implementation by the leadership of neighboring states of military programs aimed primarily at increasing nuclear potential, is considered by Delhi as the main source of military conflict in the region, in which the armed forces may be involved.

The level of functional state of the cardiovascular and respiratory system of athletes engaged in triathlon

According to scientists, determining the features of the functional state of athletes, taking into account their heavy training and competitive loads, is an urgent problem that requires further development and detailing. The purpose of the study is to identify the level of functional state of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems of athletes engaged in triathlon. Research methods: assessment of the level of functional state of the cardiovascular and respiratory system of triathlon athletes was carried out using the computer program "ShVSM-INTEGRAL" (authors – Shapovalova V.A., Malikova M.V., Svatieva A.V.). Organization of the study: the research was conducted during 2022- 2023. according to the thematic plan of scientific research of the PDAFKiS for 2021-2025 on the topic "Theoretical and methodological foundations of training athletes in non-Olympic sports" (state registration number 0121U109266). Athletes who participated in the studies signed a consent to participate in the studies. The experience of triathlon was more than 5 years. Material. Analysis of the hemodynamics of the heart muscle by the calculation method according to the norms of the "ShVSM- INTEGRAL" program proved that all the studied components in the vast majority (58%) corresponded to the level of "above average", in 26% of athletes there was a "high" level. The rest (16%) had an "intermediate" level. This is evidence of the high level of training of the athletes who participated in the studies. Conclusions. Assessment of the functional state of the cardiovascular system and the system of external respiration made it possible to state its high level. It should be noted that this is due to the specifics of the sport, in which preference is given to the development of endurance, which, in turn, contributes to an increase in the indicators of the respiratory system. The study made it possible to confirm the rational choice of specialization of athletes and to state the normal state of the body's regulatory systems.

The Value of Intraoperative Ultrasound in Brain Surgery.

Favorable clinical outcomes in adult and pediatric neurosurgical oncology generally depend on the extent of tumor resection (EOR). Maximum safe resection remains the main aim of surgery in most intracranial tumors. Despite the accuracy of intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging (iMRI) in the detection of residual intraoperatively, it is not widely implemented worldwide owing to enormous cost and technical difficulties. Over the past years, intraoperative ultrasound (IOUS) has imposed itself as a valuable and reliable intraoperative tool guiding neurosurgeons to achieve gross total resection (GTR) of intracranial tumors.Being less expensive, feasible, doesn't need a high level of training, doesn't need a special workspace, and being real time with outstanding temporal and spatial resolution; all the aforementioned advantages give a superiority for IOUS in comparison to iMRI during resection of brain tumors.In this chapter, we spot the light on the technical nuances, advanced techniques, outcomes of resection, pearls, and pitfalls of the use of IOUS during the resection of brain tumors.

Knowledge and technology transfer in the professional skill development system.

The development of the specialists’ professional skills in all industries in Ukraine is an urgent need today to provide these industries with highly skilled staff. The use of a wide range of knowledge and technology transfer in the system of educational services of institutions of professional pre-, higher and postgraduate education contributes to the attractiveness of these educational institutions and requires the professional growth of scientific and pedagogical staff for the quality provision of educational services. Their use of various forms of knowledge transfer will ensure their professional growth, which, in turn, will have a personal, educational, scientific, professional and practical impact on the development of professional skills of applicants at all levels of education. A comprehensive approach at the stage of formation of readiness for professional activity and directly in the process of professional activity of specialists creates a complex system of integration of knowledgeable and competent approaches that allow getting information about the actual level of activity capability and play an important role in professional growth through the transfer of knowledge and the use of modern educational technologies. It should be emphasized that the appropriate education contributes to the development of abilities, knowledge, skills, experience and competencies. All this with the acquisition of professional education and life experience creates the background for the development of the specialist’s professional skills. Thanks to modern approaches to the development and organization of the postgraduate education system, good conditions have been created for the wider innovative application of knowledge and technology transfer under the prism of educational, professional, interdisciplinary and multicultural integration within the framework of continuing professional education. The cooperation of customers, applicants and providers of educational services of pre- and postgraduate education, will allow them to reach a much higher level of training. Active cooperation of all participants in the educational process and cooperation with employers in the field of knowledge and technology transfer, provide additional opportunities for creating conditions for the development of professional skills of specialists.

Gut microbiota and physical activity level: characterization from sedentary to soccer players.

Evidence of the relationship between physical activity and gut microbiota composition is steadily increasing. The purpose of the study is to compare the gut microbiota composition of a group of elite male soccer players with a group of subjects with different physical activity levels. Cross-sectional studies were performed on 91 healthy young males, in detail: 17 elite soccer players (23.7 ± 4.2 yrs, BMI 23.2 ± 1.2 kg/m2); 14 with high levels of physical training (24.5 ± 5.6 yrs, BMI 22.7 ± 0.8 kg/m2); 23 with moderate levels of physical training (29.3 ± 3.9 yrs, BMI 22.5 ± 0.8 kg/m2); and 37 healthy men without exercise habits (28.1 ± 5.9 yrs, BMI 22.4 ± 1.0 kg/m2). Relative microbiota composition was determined by analyzing DNA extracted from stool samples. The quality and quantity of extracted DNA were assessed using a Qubit Fluorometer. Differences between subjects' populations were analyzed using a one-way ANOVA, and Bonferroni's post-hoc test was employed to identify localized effects. Elite soccer players and subjects with high physical activity levels showed a significantly higher prevalence of the nine microbiota populations analyzed than subjects with moderate physical training or who were sedentary. No differences were found in the Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio among the different study populations. This study reports the gut microbiota parameters of elite footballers for the first time. In addition, it brings new insights into the effects of different levels of physical activity on the composition of the gut microbiota.

Prehospital Emergency Care: A Cross-Sectional Survey of First-Aid Preparedness Among Layperson First Responders in Northern Uganda.

Uganda has a high incidence of road traffic accidents and high mortality rates, yet lacks a mature prehospital emergency care system. Our study addresses this gap by assessing the experiences, training, and confidence in providing first aid (FA) among diverse layperson first responders in Northern Uganda, expanding beyond previous research, which was limited to Central Uganda and specific occupational groups. We conducted a cross-sectional survey among layperson first responders of various occupations in Gulu City, Acholi sub-region, Uganda. Data on socio-demographics, training, experiences, knowledge, and confidence in FA were collected. We included 396 participants, of whom 81.6% (n=323) were male, 47.0.6% (n=186) were aged 21-30 years, 59.3% (n=235) had obtained a secondary level of education, 23.7% (n=94) were commercial motorcyclists, and 45.7% (n=181) had work experience of >5 years. The majority (85.4%, n=338) had witnessed acute illness/trauma. Accidents/bleeding were the most commonly witnessed cases (68.6%, n=232), followed by burn injuries (10.1%, n=34). Most participants (52.3%, n=207) had attended FA training. Only 20.5% (n=81) had obtained an above-average score (≥70%). The majority (67.9%, n=269) were confident in providing FA. Lack of knowledge and skills (61.4%, n=78), fear of taking health risks (18.9%, n=24), and legal implications (7.1%, n=9) were the major reasons for not being willing to confidently give FA. Factors associated with above-average knowledge were tertiary education and being confident in providing FA, while training in FA and prior experience in giving FA were associated with confidence in giving FA. In this study, laypeople in Northern Uganda exhibited a high level of FA training. However, low confidence in providing FA is attributed to inadequate knowledge, fear of health risks, and legal concerns. Therefore, future efforts should focus on assessing FA practices in diverse regions and promoting formal FA training.

Sports Cardiology: Common Issues in the Masters Athlete

Masters athletes (MA), people 35 years of age or older who participate in high levels of exercise training and competition, are commonly encountered in clinical practice. Although the MA are typically healthy and high functioning, they are not immune to cardiovascular disease. MA may develop cardiovascular disease due to underlying traditional risk factors or in some cases, as a function of exposure to chronic high levels of exercise. This review was written to highlight common cardiovascular issues among MA with an emphasis on risk factor / disease recognition and clinical management.

半导体产业“三主体一中心”高端人才培养模式探索与实践

半导体产业“三主体一中心”高端人才培养模式探索与实践

The Social Harms of Academics’ Abuse in Nigerian Universities: Failed Ethical Leadership

Universities are higher institutions where a high level of manpower training is provided for the development of the total man. At the centre of this is the role of members of the academics. The three core function of the academic staff is teaching, research and service. Over the years, there have been cases of abuse of academics in Nigerian universities which has been a source of concern to relevant stakeholders. Abuse of Academics is any form of unethical treatment given to university academics in the course of discharging their duties. The study argues that the abuse of academic staff is an indication of failed ethical leadership. Drawing on the social harms theory, it provides evidence of the hazardous use of power against academics. In this case study of Obafemi Awolowo University, thirty academic staff across all cadres and genders were interviewed. The findings reveal that academic abuse has been an age-long problem in Nigerian universities. The study further shows the causes of academic abuse to be rooted in the fact that government does not place priority on education which makes its budgetary allocation to the sector very ridiculous.

Manajemen Pembinaan Keterampilan Berfikir Tingkat Tinggi untuk Meningkatkan Prestasi Siswa di Bidang Eksakta

This research aims to reveal and analyze the management of high-level thinking skills training at SMAN 2 Cirebon City for achievements in the exact sciences field. Consist of planning stage, implementation methods, handling obstacles, to the extent to which the results of this coaching can be seen from the achievements achieved by the participants. The research method used is a qualitative research method in case study, and uses a descriptive analysis approach. Data was collected through in-depth interviews, observation and documentation studies. The planning phase begins with a program meeting, forming a committee, determining activities and facilities, designing a calendar, compiling monitoring instruments and a mechanism for measuring coaching results. Implementation process begins with program promotion and participant recruitment. Thinking skills training focuses on knowledge transfer abilities, critical and creative thinking, and problem solving. Field constraints are acted upon by the vice principal in charge of quality improvement, while in coordination with the school principal. No serious obstacles were found that interfered with activity management. Internal improvements are carried out by evaluating improvements to operational standards and controlled quality standards for continuous internal quality assurance. The main result of this coaching is that the students' achievements are quite satisfactory because they have achieved achievements in the field of exact sciences up to the national level.
 
 Keywords: Training Management, Higher Order Thinking Skills, Student Achievement, Math And Science

The transformation of the training of preschool educators in the digital age

Nowadays, the informatization of education, the purpose of which is the use of new information technologies in the global rationalization of intellectual activity, is considered as a mandatory and absolute condition for the creation of a new information society. Therefore, we have singled out the main ways of high-quality professional training of future teachers of preschool education institutions in the modern information society. The professional training of future teachers of preschool education institutions is considered as a multifactorial structure in the modern information society and its tasks and educational components are distinguished. Four stages are distinguished and two methods of integration of professional training of future educators are characterized (horizontal and vertical). The application of the personally oriented, competence-based, integrative, activity approaches discussed in the article will provide, by the requirements of employers, a high level of training of a creative, competitive personality of the future specialist. The main technologies and factors that are effective in the modern information society are highlighted for high-quality professional training of future specialists. The importance of distance education, cloud technologies, and educational blogs is proven and the advantages of using them for the professional training of specialists are shown.

Региональная система научно-методического сопровождения педагогических работников и управленческих кадров образовательных организаций общего образования

The effectiveness of the education system in general and general education in particular depends on highly qualified teaching staff carrying out educational activities. A high level of professional training of pedagogical staff implies their continuous professional development (training). In order to create an effective system of ad-vanced training for teachers and school leaders, it is necessary to have a comprehensive system of scientific and methodological support for this activity. Relevance of the problem under study. The relevance of the devel-opment of the system of support for the professional development of teaching staff is due to the lack of a uni-fied approach to the organization of the activities of methodological support services, as well as insufficient scientific methodological justification of this activity, the lack of connection between science and practice. Mate-rials and methods of research. Analysis of normative legal acts on the problem; official websites of federal and regional executive authorities managing in the field of education; analysis of domestic and foreign academic research on the problem. The results of the research and their discussion. The comparative analysis of the im-plementation of the system of scientific and methodological support of professional activity of teachers and school managers was carried out; the main directions of activity for the improvement and development of the system of scientific and methodological support of professional activity of teaching staff were determined; the system of professional development of teaching staff in educational organizations of general education was proposed.

Molecular profiling of high-level athlete skeletal muscle after acute endurance or resistance exercise – A systems biology approach

ObjectiveLong-term high-level exercise training leads to improvements in physical performance and multi-tissue adaptation following changes in molecular pathways. While skeletal muscle baseline differences between exercise-trained and untrained individuals have been previously investigated, it remains unclear how training history influences human multi-omics responses to acute exercise. MethodsWe recruited and extensively characterized 24 individuals categorized as endurance athletes with >15 years of training history, strength athletes or control subjects. Timeseries skeletal muscle biopsies were taken from M. vastus lateralis at three time-points after endurance or resistance exercise was performed and multi-omics molecular analysis performed. ResultsOur analyses revealed distinct activation differences of molecular processes such as fatty- and amino acid metabolism and transcription factors such as HIF1A and the MYF-family. We show that endurance athletes have an increased abundance of carnitine-derivates while strength athletes increase specific phospholipid metabolites compared to control subjects. Additionally, for the first time, we show the metabolite sorbitol to be substantially increased with acute exercise. On transcriptional level, we show that acute resistance exercise stimulates more gene expression than acute endurance exercise. This follows a specific pattern, with endurance athletes uniquely down-regulating pathways related to mitochondria, translation and ribosomes. Finally, both forms of exercise training specialize in diverging transcriptional directions, differentiating themselves from the transcriptome of the untrained control group. ConclusionsWe identify a “transcriptional specialization effect” by transcriptional narrowing and intensification, and molecular specialization effects on metabolomic level Additionally, we performed multi-omics network and cluster analysis, providing a novel resource of skeletal muscle transcriptomic and metabolomic profiling in highly trained and untrained individuals.

Improving the skills of boxers through the use of lead-in exercises

The article addresses the pressing issue of refining the training system for boxers by emphasizing the need for innovative methodological approaches in organizing the training process and selecting specialized training methods aligned with competition trends. The authors highlight the inadequacy of general approaches in the existing literature, stressing the necessity of detailed investigation into the aspects pivotal for boxer preparation. The research's relevance lies in resolving the contradiction between the paramount importance of technical-tactical readiness for competitive activities and the insufficient development of methodologies for its enhancement during the training process using specific drills.
 The study aims to investigate the impact of incorporating guiding exercises on the physical preparedness indicators of boxers. A pedagogical experiment was conducted with a group of ranked boxers, integrating guiding exercises during training sessions throughout the preparatory period. Physical fitness was assessed through pedagogical tests encompassing pull-ups, push-ups, running at various distances, long jumps, and the number of strikes on a boxing bag. The experimental group exhibited statistically significant improvements in pull-ups, push-ups, short-distance running, and the number of strikes on the boxing bag. The results underscore the positive influence of guiding exercises on the physical performance of boxers. Additionally, the article emphasizes the significance of refining the technical-tactical preparedness of boxers and encourages further research in this domain. In conclusion, the findings contribute to the understanding of how targeted exercises positively impact the physical capabilities of boxers, shedding light on the need for a more nuanced and detailed approach to training methodologies. The article serves as a valuable resource for coaches, researchers, and practitioners involved in high-level boxing training.

Development of research skills of secondary school students in the organisation of independent local history work in biology

Relevance. The relevance of the research is conditioned upon the active use of personal experience of students in the implementation of the process of teaching local history work in biology lessons, based on the development of methods of research activity in a secondary school. Purpose. The value of scientific knowledge, the need to increase the role of science in the education of schoolchildren are associated with the need to achieve cognitive independence of the individual and the organisation of a personality-oriented learning system. Methodology. There is a fact that the methodology of teaching biology, to date, does not sufficiently reflect the ways of developing research skills in the independent local history work of students. It is also necessary to develop a scientific and methodological approach to the development of research skills and skills acquired in biology lessons. This article describes an experiment in which a survey of biology teachers of grades 5-7 was carried out using a questionnaire. Among the theoretical research methods were used: analysis and synthesis of historical and cultural, psychological and pedagogical, methodological literature, abstraction and generalisation, study of normative documents on the problem of research. Results. The results of the experiment in this article showed that for this the teacher needs free time, where he will be able to independently solve the issues of interest to him for creative development. Such a process of introducing new educational standards into the education system is of particular relevance for the development of students' research skills in organising independent local history work in biology, which in turn requires teachers to have a high level of training.

Features of physical training of students in the process of sectional basketball lessons

The educational process in a higher educational institution provides each participant in the educational process with ample opportunities to develop their abilities to the maximum and successfully master the chosen profession. One of the urgent problems of modern higher education is improving the physical training of students. Taking into account the conditions of the modern labor market, which requires highly educated specialists with a high level of physical training, the key importance belongs to the involvement of students in extracurricular sports in various sections. In every higher education institution there are groups for improving sportsmanship. Basketball is especially popular among such groups. The main goal of the study is to reveal the peculiarities of the physical training of students in the process of sectional basketball classes. Various means and methods of developing physical qualities in the training process of basketball players are characterized, in particular: speed, strength, endurance, flexibility and coordination abilities. Attention is focused on the correct choice of training methods, compliance with the main provisions of the load during the performance of certain exercises, which contributes to the achievement of excellent results in physical training. The use of basketball as a comprehensive means of physical education of the participants of the educational process fully justifies itself, since this very emotional game contributes not only to physical fitness, but also to the improvement of psychomotor abilities of the individual. In order to achieve the maximum effect in the players' activities, it is necessary to conduct a sufficient number of classes and clearly plan the training process. In order to ensure the optimal level of physical training of basketball players, the coach must use a number of means and methods.