High Level Of Security Research Articles

The design of multifunctional fluorescent probe for detecting Zn2+/ ClO−/H2O and application in high-security level information encryption

In this article, a Schiff base-structured compound (TNB) was synthesized using 3-hydroxy-2-naphthaldehyde hydrazone and 2-hydroxy-5-tert-butylbenzaldehyde as starting materials. The structure of TNB was characterized using NMR spectroscopy, high-resolution MS, and IR spectroscopy. Studies showed that TNB can selectively recognize Zn2+/ClO− in solvent system of H2O/DMSO. Fluorescence and UV–vis spectrophotometry were used to investigate the spectral properties of TNB. TNB displayed a significant fluorescence enhancement effect when bound to Zn2+, while binding to ClO− resulted in fluorescence quenching. Job’s plot and NMR titration were used to study the binding mechanism of TNB with Zn2+/ClO−. Linear standard curves were fitted for different Zn2+/ClO− concentrations corresponding to fluorescence intensity, and detection limits (LOD) were determined as 5.0300 × 10−9 mol/L (Zn2+) and 3.1700 × 10−9 mol/L (ClO−). Furthermore, TNB was used to determine trace water in organic solvents. The fluorescence intensity changes with water content were measured in three organic solvents (THF, DMSO, and acetone). Detection limits (LOD) were calculated as 1.4 × 10−4 % (THF), 8.3 × 10−4 % (DMSO), and 1.2 × 10−3 % (acetone). Using the characteristic reactions of TNB with Zn2+, a two-dimensional code information encryption technology was developed and can be used for high-security information encryption and transmission.

Assumptions of the Schengen Borders Code and the Schengen Information System and their role in preventing illegal border crossings

On December 21, 2007, Poland joined the Schengen Zone. The decision to abolish controls at the internal borders of the EU and the accession of nine new member states to the Schengen Zone was one of the most significant steps toward the full realization of European integration. The expansion of the Schengen Zone contributed significantly to the construction of a united Europe based on mutual trust, collectively striving to maintain a high level of security. The Schengen Agreement’s provisions eliminated controls for individuals crossing borders between member states of the agreement while strengthening police, judicial, security, and asylum policy cooperation. The main focus of this article is on the provisions of the Regulation (EU) 2016/399 of the European Parliament and of the Council of March 9, 2016, concerning the Union Code on the rules governing the movement of persons across borders, also known as the Schengen Border Code. The primary objective is to highlight this Code as a tool for preventing the illegal crossing of Schengen Zone borders, which is closely related to combating crimes against document credibility. The publication also addresses issues related to the functioning of the Schengen Information System.

DEVELOPMENT AND DETERMINATION OF THE METHODOLOGY FOR ASSESSING THE LEVEL OF FOOD SECURITY IN THE RA

Food security is one of the main goals of the agrarian and economic policy of the state. It forms the vector of movement of any national food system towards an ideal state. In this sense, ensuring food security is an ongoing process. At the same time, to achieve this, there is often a change in development priorities and mechanisms for the implementation of agricultural policy. The definitions of food security formulated in the Rome Declaration on World Food Security (1996) contain the following main areas: physical access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food, economic access to food of adequate quantity and quality for all social groups of the population, autonomy and economic independence of the national food system, reliability, sustainability, which means that the national food system is developing in an expanded reproduction mode. A proper food policy is seen as a system of measures aimed at a systematic and effective solution not only to the problems of production, foreign trade, storage and processing, but also to the equitable distribution of basic foodstuffs, as well as the social development of rural areas. Taking into account the importance of ensuring a high level of food security for the Republic of Armenia and the fact that there is a strategy or doctrine for ensuring food security, a comprehensive, methodological development of the methodology for food production, analysis of availability and definition of food was carried out. security in RA. For this, a system of indicators, mechanisms for assessing food safety, assessment criteria and a definition model were developed.

The quantum internet: an efficient stabilizer states distribution scheme

Quantum networks are a fundamental component of quantum technologies, playing a pivotal role in advancing distributed quantum computing and laying the groundwork for the future quantum internet. They offer a scalable modular architecture for quantum chips and support infrastructure for measurement-based quantum computing. Furthermore, quantum networks serve as the backbone of the quantum internet, ensuring high levels of security. Notably, the advantages of quantum networks in communication are contingent upon entanglement distribution, which faces challenges such as high latency in protocols relying on Bell pair distribution and bipartite entanglement swapping. Additionally, algorithms designed for multipartite entanglement routing encounter intractability issues, rendering them unsolvable within polynomial time. In this paper, we explore a novel approach to distribute graph states in quantum networks, leveraging local quantum coding (LQC) isometries and multipartite states transfer. We also present single-use bounds for stabilizer states distribution. Analogous to network coding, these bounds are attainable when appropriate isometries and stabilizer codes are selected for relay nodes, resulting in reduced latency in entanglement distribution. We further demonstrate the protocol’s advantages across various network performance metrics.

Application of Blockchain Technology for Innovation in the Education Sector

The utilization of blockchain technology holds immense potential to profoundly influence the field of education in the forthcoming years. This technology has the potential to enhance the security, transparency, and affordability of education. Blockchain technology can be employed to securely and permanently maintain student education records. Implementing this can enable students to monitor their academic advancement and receive acknowledgement for their accomplishments. Employing blockchain technology can issue educational certificates that possess a high level of security and are impervious to counterfeiting. This might facilitate students in securing employment or pursuing further education at an advanced level. The implementation of blockchain technology can enhance the security and dependability of online learning platforms. One way to achieve this is by using blockchain technology to store educational resources, evaluations, and communication between students and educators. Blockchain technology can facilitate the creation of adaptive learning systems that have the ability to customize learning materials and procedures according to the individual requirements of each learner. Blockchain technology has the potential to establish a learning environment that is decentralized and characterized by increased democratic participation. A collective or network comprising diverse stakeholders, including students, educators, and parents, typically oversees this educational setting.

Digital media system design and visual art analysis based on information security

BackgroundWith the growing maturity of Internet technology and 5G transmission technology, digital media systems begin to present more complex scenario applications. Software design security issues are also increasingly evident in digital media systems. This paper analyzes the security issues of digital media system design from the perspective of software protection security. Discussed based on the information security digital media system design and visual art analysis. MethodsThis paper discusses based on the software security protection design and visual art analysis, first proposed the media convergence and information security risk assessment research, including media convergence cognition, information security risk management theory, system information security risk assessment methods and based on the media under the digital certificate. Secondly, the information security algorithm based on digital media technology is studied. From the basic knowledge of digital image, a method of image encryption based on the change of pixel value, the common algorithm of digital image watermarking technology and the encryption technology of digital media are summarized. ResultsExperiments were carried out on three art painting data sets, including Painting91, Oil Painting and Pandora. Compared with the existing label distribution learning methods on the Painting91style dataset, the algorithms SA-IIS and SA-BFGS achieve the classification accuracy of 65.51 % and 66.52 %, respectively. The classification result of the baseline method of VGGNet is 63.89 % on the OilPainting dataset. On the Pandora-style dataset, the classification accuracy of MSCNN1 method is 71.32 %, and the experimental results of CNNF4 method reach 71.76 %. ConclusionThe method proposed in this paper has good application results in different data sets, and the digital media art design system has high reliability and fault tolerance. From the perspective of information security, different index systems have higher security levels.

Color image ROI encryption algorithm based on a novel 4D hyperchaotic system

The significance of safeguarding the security of image information has escalated significantly, owing to the exponential proliferation of digital images containing sensitive information being disseminated on the Internet. In this paper, we first propose a novel 4D hyperchaotic system and design a new image encryption algorithm in conjunction with the hyperchaotic system. The algorithm uses a split random swap permutation method to permute the image and combines the S-box to diffuse the image. To improve the diffusivity of this encryption algorithm, a cross-random diffusion method is designed to diffuse the image again. Then, we propose a region of interest (ROI) encryption scheme for images. This scheme can automatically identify irregular privacy targets in images and encrypt them. To ensure the security of the region of interest location information during transmission, the scheme compresses the location information of the privacy target using a run-length encoding technique and then embeds the compressed data into the ciphertext image using reversible steganography based on histogram shift. The experimental results and security analysis unequivocally demonstrate that the image encryption algorithm proposed in this paper exhibits robust resistance against a wide array of attacks, thereby ensuring a high level of security. Additionally, the devised image ROI encryption scheme effectively safeguards diverse privacy targets.

Agricultural sector development and elasticity of its links with the food security level

Purpose. The purpose of the article is the assessment of the countries’ food security level and its connection with the agricultural sector results.
 Methodology / approach. The methodology for calculating the food security level is proposed by international organizations, national authorities, and individual researchers. Due to the fact that food security is a complex flexible concept and cannot be limited to the determination of one separate indicator, we propose to calculate a complex general indicator of food security level using the integral taxonomic estimation method and compare its results with those which provided by international organizations, in particular the Global Food Security Index developed by Economist Impact and supported by Corteva Agriscience and Food Security Index developed by Deep Knowledge Analytics. 
 Results. The article proposes the calculation of countries’ food security level using the integrated rating evaluation method and comparing its results with the results provided by different international organizations, identification of problematic local components of food security, and improving food security mechanism. Correlation coefficients and multivariate regression of dependence of global food security index on affordability, availability, quality and safety, sustainability and adaptation are presented. Functions of subjects of different levels of the hierarchy during interaction to ensure food security are considered. Components of food security ensuring mechanism, which will lead to innovations in food security, are proposed. The obtained results show that the availability of large fertile land and labor resources in the country, and the presence of favorable natural and climatic conditions for farming are insufficient for the high food security level, so it is also necessary to ensure food infrastructure in the country, the concern of the authorities for the citizens standard of living, ensuring political stability, etc. 
 Originality / scientific novelty. The level of food security is calculated and compared with the results of international organizations, using the maximum set of publicly available indicators, which include systems supporting food production, food distribution and supply chains, and food consumption indicators. The indicators that have the greatest impact on the food security level were identified, which will make it possible to influence these indicators timely to ensure a sufficient and acceptable food security level. 
 Practical value / implications. Timely research of ensuring food security, which depends mainly on agricultural products and is implemented through the possibility of purchasing food, taking into account its price, purchasing power, and availability in the appropriate quantity and quality will lead to social stability, meeting the food necessity, the country's independence from imports, the development of its food production, the creation of reserves to stabilize food security in an emergency, unforeseen circumstances in the future. The results of the research can be useful both for agricultural enterprises and for the authorities, which must pursue a balanced state agricultural policy, take care of farmers’ financing, timely resource provision, and ensure a stable, accessible, sufficient, safe, and balanced nutrition level of the population.

Autoencoder-based joint image compression and encryption

Recently, learning-based methods have developed rapidly, with promising results in many areas. And deep learning models are expected to be the next-generation optimal image compression solutions. This paper proposes a new image compression and encryption framework that integrates encryption algorithms with a deep-learning compression network. Our work employs Auto-Encoder (AE) based compression network as the backbone. After extracting semantic features from the learning network, encryption layers are added to introduce end-to-end learning to image encryption. And for a higher level of visual security, the parameters of the synthesis network are replaced by a new parameter matrix based on a logistic map controlled by a secret key. The encryption key of the system is derived from the image content, which will be embedded in the deep feature vectors to save the cost of sending the key for different images. Another secret key, which will be shared among other images, is used for controlling the embedding process. And to learn the entropy model from the scrambled feature maps, an attention scheme is exploited in estimating parameters to achieve more effective compression. Experimental results and the security analysis using Kodak dataset show that the proposed scheme can achieve a sufficiently high-security level with high compression efficiency.

Designing New AES and Implementing it with LFSR Key to Improve Data Security

Data security is an essential aspect of data communication and data storage. The security and confidentiality of the information has become a significant factor in the communication field. To provide high-level security against all kinds of unauthorized accesses, cryptographic algorithms have been applied to various fields such as medical and military applications. Several techniques for encryption and decryption are proposed to promote the security of the communication systems. Most powerful and significant part of the encryption is a key generation. Presently, hackers are able to break the key with help of the modern high computing machines. Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), a symmetric cryptographic algorithm, is acknowledged as the most secure algorithm for the cryptographic process globally. In this work, Novel design and implementation of AES with LFSR (Linear Feedback Shift Register) key for improving data security is presented. The novelty of this work is using LFSR with AES. The Performance of presented approach is evaluated in terms of speed, area and security. The performance of presented technique will provide effective and efficient security to data.

Управление основными фондами в контексте обеспечения финансовой безопасности регионов Севера и Арктики Российской Федерации

This study explores the management of fixed assets in the context of ensuring financial security for sustainable development in the North and Arctic regions of Russia. Its findings can be used by both regional authorities and business entities to formulate effective policies for managing fixed assets. Focusing on the degree of wear as a key indicatorn of the state of fixed assets in the North and Arctic regions of Russia, the article establishes that there are both longstanding systemic issues and emerging threats to economic security in this domain. An analysis of fixed assets depreciation since 2010 shows that many of Russia’s North and Arctic regions have long been demonstrating critical depreciation values. Further examination uncovers a more complex situation than anticipated. Modern threats, such as the global challenges arising from the COVID-19 pandemic and the geopolitical tensions leading to sanctioning practices and loss of market access to technologies, add another layer of complexity. To mitigate these threats, the study recommends implementing a comprehensive fixed assets management policy, developing incentive programs for timely fixed assets modernization and renewal, and designing import substitution policies. This approach aims to unlock the financial and economic potential of Russia’s North and Arctic regions, ensuring a high level of economic security in fixed assets management.

Application of AES 256 Cryptography Algorithm OCB Mode on Student Data

In today's digital era, student data is very important and must be kept secure. Cryptography is a technique for securing data from unauthorized parties. AES 256 (Advanced Encryption Standard 256) is a cryptographic algorithm used to secure data with a symmetric key and uses OCB (Offset Codebook Mode) mode. The application of the OCB mode AES 256 cryptographic algorithm to student data will provide better protection against unauthorized access or data manipulation. This will be very important to maintain the confidentiality and integrity of confidential and private student data such as personal data, grades, and academic track records. In this study it can be concluded that the use of AES-256 in OCB mode is a good choice to protect student data with a high level of security. The combination of AES-256 and OCB provides a very high level of security for sending sensitive data over the network. OCB mode uses message encoding with offset, which allows use of shorter keys, making it more efficient than other modes of encryption operation.

Application of Decimated Mathematical Equations and Polynomial Root-Finding Method in Protection of Text Messages

Cryptography is the process of transforming data so that only the recipient of the message can read it. It uses an algorithm and a key to convert an input into an encrypted output. In this study, we introduce a novel method for protecting readable messages through the utilization of a polynomial root-finding technique in conjunction with the decimated output of Zaslavsky equations. The innovative approach we have developed is a block encryption algorithm that offers both protection for sensitive information as well as adaptability to various block sizes, including dynamically changing block sizes. Precise security analysis is provided for the proposed algorithm using key space analysis and strong statistical tests. The presented results show that the novel block encryption protection provides a high level of security.

Secure approach to sharing digitized medical data in a cloud environment

Without proper security mechanisms, medical records stored electronically can be accessed more easily than physical files. Patient health information is scattered throughout the hospital environment, including laboratories, pharmacies, and daily medical status reports. The electronic format of medical reports ensures that all information is available in a single place. However, it is difficult to store and manage large amounts of data. Dedicated servers and a data center are needed to store and manage patient data. However, self-managed data centers are expensive for hospitals. Storing data in a cloud is a cheaper alternative. The advantage of storing data in a cloud is that it can be retrieved anywhere and anytime using any device connected to the Internet. Therefore, doctors can easily access the medical history of a patient and diagnose diseases according to the context. It also helps prescribe the correct medicine to a patient in an appropriate way. The systematic storage of medical records could help reduce medical errors in hospitals. The challenge is to store medical records on a third-party cloud server while addressing privacy and security concerns. These servers are often semi-trusted. Thus, sensitive medical information must be protected. Open access to records and modifications performed on the information in those records may even cause patient fatalities. Patient-centric health-record security is a major concern. End-to-end file encryption before outsourcing data to a third-party cloud server ensures security. This paper presents a method that is a combination of the advanced encryption standard and the elliptical curve Diffie-Hellman method designed to increase the efficiency of medical record security for users. Comparisons of existing and proposed techniques are presented at the end of the article, with a focus on the analyzing the security approaches between the elliptic curve and secret-sharing methods. This study aims to provide a high level of security for patient health records.

Risks of the Neobanks’ Activities in the Conditions of the Economy Digitalization

The operation of neobanks, as a new banking concept, is currently gaining great popularity. However, their activities are associated with specific risks that are not characteristic of classic banks. The inefficient risk management can harm not only the banks themselves but also customers as well as the entire banking system. The article aims to identify opportunities and threats in the resistance of neo-banks to risks against the background of companies' digitalization. The current study applied graphic, analytical research methods (determination of specific weight and structure fractions), parameterization methods using the matrix approach and linear functional dependence, and the method of strategic SWOT analysis. The application of advanced digital technologies enables neobanks to enhance their flexibility and ability to quickly adapt to changes in the market. The utilization of artificial intelligence allows neo-banks to supply their customers with personalized solutions and services, which can increase customer loyalty and satisfaction. However, neobanks face specific risks that can negatively affect their activities and entail grave problems both for the bank itself and for its customers. The growing use of digital technologies increases the risk of cyber-attacks and unauthorized access to customer financial data. Giv-en the above, neobanks should pay due attention to cyber security and ensure the highest protection of their customers’ data. Operation shortcomings, technical issues, and work breakdowns also present a considerable risk, as they can negatively affect the customer's trust and lead to the loss of business partners and reputation. Therefore, the success of neobanks depends on the ability to effectively manage these specific risks and ensure a high level of security for their financial services. The scientific novelty of the obtained results lies in the proposed parametric model for estimating the integrated neobanks’ risks drawing on the specified component risks. The research findings can be applied to elaborating a framework of project documents for promoting the development of neobanking while designing the ne-obanks’ risk management policy based on the proposed parametric risk estimation approach. The conducted study is promising in terms of opening up perspectives for future research, in particular as regards the effectiveness of neobanks’ risk management given the digitalization in the economic sphere.

Public administration of the economic security system through the prism of human rights protection in a changing political and legal environment

In the context of rapid changes and a hyperdynamic external environment, the world economy and politics create new challenges and threats that actualise research on the effectiveness of public administration in the context of economic security through the prism of various legal fields. The purpose of the study is to present the author's vision of a methodological approach that will allow visualising the process of public administration in the context of ensuring a high level of economic security and evaluating its effectiveness, considering the legal aspect of the issue. The methodology involves using modern methods that combine and interact to achieve the goal. These include both general theoretical methods and specific ones: IDEF3 and the integral evaluation method. The approach to assessing the level of effectiveness of public administration in the system of ensuring economic security is defined. The importance of political and legal indicators is emphasised. The results of calculating the value of the integral indicator are presented, and the corresponding conclusions are drawn. The author's vision of the modern model of public administration implementation in the system of ensuring economic security with an emphasis on the protection of human rights is presented. All the key elements of the proposed model are identified through the presentation of detailed graphical diagrams for each of them. The innovativeness of the obtained results is in the proposed approach to assessing the level of effectiveness of public administration in the system of ensuring economic security, considering, to a greater extent, legal indicators. The study brings new views on assessing the effectiveness of public administration, especially in the context of ensuring economic security. The latest theoretical approaches and methodology are used, including integral assessment and political and legal indicators. The findings and recommendations obtained can be used by government agencies and political leaders to optimise management processes and increase their transparency and efficiency

High-Quality Evaluation for Invisible Watermarking Based on Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) and Singular Value Decomposition (SVD)

. In this research, we propose an innovative approach that integrates Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) and Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) to enhance the quality and security of digital images. The purpose of this technique is to embed imperceptible watermarks into images, preserving their integrity and authenticity. The integration of DCT allows for an efficient transformation of image data into frequency components, forming the basis for embedding watermarks that are nearly invisible to the human eye. In this context, SVD offers an advantage by separating singular values and corresponding vectors, facilitating a more sophisticated watermarking process. The quality evaluation using metrics such as MSE, PSNR, UQI, and MSSIM demonstrates the effectiveness of this approach. Low average MSE values, ranging from 0.0058 to 0.0064, indicate minimal distortion in the watermarked images. Additionally, high PSNR values, ranging from 67.20 dB to 67.22 dB, affirm the high image quality achieved after watermarking. These results validate that the integration of DCT and SVD provides a high level of security while maintaining optimal visual quality in digital images. This approach is highly relevant and effective in addressing the challenges of image protection in this digital era.

Minimizing CNOT-count in quantum circuit of the extended Shor’s algorithm for ECDLP

The elliptic curve discrete logarithm problem (ECDLP) is a popular choice for cryptosystems due to its high level of security. However, with the advent of the extended Shor’s algorithm, there is concern that ECDLP may soon be vulnerable. While the algorithm does offer hope in solving ECDLP, it is still uncertain whether it can pose a real threat in practice. From the perspective of the quantum circuits of the algorithm, this paper analyzes the feasibility of cracking ECDLP using an ion trap quantum computer with improved quantum circuits for the extended Shor’s algorithm. We give precise quantum circuits for extended Shor’s algorithm to calculate discrete logarithms on elliptic curves over prime fields, including modular subtraction, three different modular multiplication, and modular inverse. Additionally, we incorporate and improve upon windowed arithmetic in the circuits to reduce the CNOT-counts. Whereas previous studies mostly focused on minimizing the number of qubits or the depth of the circuit, we focus on minimizing the number of CNOT gates in the circuit, which greatly affects the running time of the algorithm on an ion trap quantum computer. Specifically, we begin by presenting implementations of basic arithmetic operations with the lowest known CNOT-counts, along with improved constructions for modular inverse, point addition, and windowed arithmetic. Next, we precisely estimate that, to execute the extended Shor’s algorithm with the improved circuits to factor an n-bit integer, the CNOT-count required is 1237n3/logn+2n2+n\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$1237n^3/\\log n+2n^2+n$$\\end{document}. Finally, we analyze the running time and feasibility of the extended Shor’s algorithm on an ion trap quantum computer.

Temporal and spatial variations of ecological security on the northeastern Tibetan Plateau integrating ecosystem health-risk-services framework

Ecological security is a critical guarantor of human security and indeed human survival and is closely associated with sustainable development. Yet exploration of ecological security assessment in alpine pastoral regions is lacking, and many studies have failed to perform validation analyses on ecological security assessment results, weakening the reliability of their assessment results. In this study, an ecosystem health-risk-services framework is developed to assess the ecological security of the Gannan alpine pastoral region (GAPR) on the northeastern Tibetan Plateau from 2000 to 2020. Then, the remote sensing ecological index (RSEI) and high-resolution images are then introduced to verify and compare the results’ reliability. Our study results indicate: (1) The assessment framework can better reflect the actual ecological security state in GAPR, and the correlation coefficient (R2) of the comprehensive ecological security index (CESI) and RSEI is between 0.426 and 0.555 (p < 0.001). (2) The CESI value of GAPR shows a fluctuating and increasing trend from 2000 to 2020, with a spatial distribution pattern of high values in the south and low values in the north. The ecological security levels in GAPR are dominated by medium, medium-high and high security levels. (3) The centers of gravity of low and medium-low security levels show a northward movement trend, while that of medium-high and high security levels show a southward movement. Our framework provides a new perspective for ecological security assessment methods, which can be extended to other regions, and the results contribute useful references to decision-makers for socioeconomic development and eco-environmental protection in GAPR.

Forward Secrecy Attack on Privacy Preserving Machine Authenticated Key Agreement for Internet of Things

Internet of things (IoT) is to connect billions of devices and machines via Internet and to have a smart system. Sensors and devices in IoT environment are connected and communicated together. Connecting such a huge number of devices requires high level of security and privacy. A crucial characteristic of ubiquitous IoT devices is their limited resources. In recent times, a scheme for privacy-preserving machine authenticated key agreement scheme (PPMAKA) has been introduced for the IoT environment. It was argued that PPMAKA provides security and privacy at the same time including forward secrecy. Nevertheless, this paper will demonstrate that PPMAKA lacks forward secrecy, a crucial security and privacy feature in the IoT environment. We use Cannetti and Krawzyck threat model for the detailed analysis of PPMAKA. Furthermore, we provide remarks for the future research as it is recommendable to design any security and privacy schemes over IoT environments with lightweight operation and communication property, authenticated key agreement with forward secrecy, anonymity and unlinkability.