High Levels Of Conflict Research Articles

Manifestation of Anxiety in People with an Addictive (Alcoholic) Form of Behavior

The focus of this article is on the problem of addictive behavior, namely, the psychological characteristics of a person with alcohol dependence. The aim is to analyze and generalize the factors that contribute to the formation of addictive behavior and to highlight the socio-psychological nature of this dependence in relation to anxiety. A number of important psychological and pedagogical issues regarding the factors contributing to the formation of this form of behavior are considered. The features that help to understand and uncover the mechanisms of their action are also considered. It is pointed out that in the study of the personality of people with alcohol dependence, one of the dominant points of view is the phenomenon of anxiety. The researchers' interest is focused on understanding the nature of anxiety as a trigger. The psychology of anxiety is considered as an individually psychological feature of a person who is in one or another difficult situation for him. Recognizing the complexity of studying the personality of people with alcohol dependence, it emphasizes such characteristic features for the majority as short temper, lack of compromise, intolerance to the opinions of others, resentment, a tendency to revenge, a high level of conflict. It is impossible not to pay attention to the fact that there is a contradictory character in the conclusions about the ratio of primary and secondary anxiety and alcohol consumption as two mutually determining factors. An attempt is made to explain this discrepancy based on research. The different types of work significantly enrich our understanding of this phenomenon. Studies have shown that this category of people has a higher level of situational and personal anxiety. The revealed nature of the relationship indicates the peculiarities of conflict in this category. The data obtained show an example of traits that are interrelated with it.

Young Adult’s Outlook on Marriage: The Influence of Parental Divorce, Family of Origin Functioning and Attachment Style

ABSTRACT To elucidate reasons for the variability in attitudes toward marriage held by adult children of divorce, the current, mixed-methods study examined the influence of parental divorce and remarriage(s), family of origin functioning and attachment style variables on young adults’ attitudes toward marriage. Participants who experienced their parents’ divorce, perceived high levels of conflict in their family of origin, were single and presented with discomfort in close relationships were more likely to express negativity in their outlook on marriage. Participants who denied religiosity and perceived their parents as encouraging independence while growing up were more likely to express an ambivalent attitude toward marriage. Lastly, men and those who had experienced their parents remarriage(s) were more likely to express positivity in their outlook on marriage. Although other factors were influential, parental divorce may promote negativity in young adults’ attitudes toward marriage, which possibly contributes to the “intergenerational transmission of divorce.”

Measuring and explaining disagreement in bird taxonomy

Species lists play an important role in biology and practical domains like conservation, legislation, biosecurity and trade regulation. However, their effective use by non-specialist scientific and societal users is sometimes hindered by disagreements between competing lists. While it is well-known that such disagreements exist, it remains unclear how prevalent they are, what their nature is, and what causes them. In this study, we argue that these questions should be investigated using methods based on taxon concept rather than methods based on Linnaean names, and use such a concept-based method to quantify disagreement about bird classification and investigate its relation to research effort. We found that there was disagreement about 38% of all groups of birds recognized as a species, more than three times as much as indicated by previous measures. Disagreement about the delimitation of bird groups was the most common kind of conflict, outnumbering disagreement about nomenclature and disagreement about rank. While high levels of conflict about rank were associated with lower levels of research effort, this was not the case for conflict about the delimitation of bird groups. This suggests that taxonomic disagreement cannot be resolved simply by increasing research effort.

Cognitive and interpersonal moderators of two evidence-based depression prevention programs.

To test potential cognitive and interpersonal moderators of two evidence-based youth depression prevention programs. Two hundred four adolescents (Mage = 14.62 years, SD = 1.65; 56% female; 71% White, 11% Black, 11% multiracial, 5% Asian, 2% other races, 18% Hispanic/Latinx) were randomized to either a cognitive-behavioral (Coping With Stress [CWS]) or interpersonal (Interpersonal Psychotherapy-Adolescent Skills Training [IPT-AST]) prevention program. Potential moderators, selected based on theory and research, included rumination, negative cognitive style, dysfunctional attitudes, hopelessness, parent-adolescent conflict, negative interactions with parents and friends, and social support from parents and friends. Depression symptoms were assessed repeatedly through 18 months postintervention. After adjusting for multiple comparisons, rumination (B = -2.02, SE = .61, p = .001, d = .47), hopelessness (B = -2.03, SE = .72, p = .005, d = .41), and conflict with father (B = 1.68, SE = .74, p = .02, d = .32) moderated intervention effects on change in depression symptoms from postintervention through 18-month follow-up. For example, at high levels of conflict with father, youth in IPT-AST reported a significant decrease in symptoms during follow-up, whereas youth in CWS reported a nonsignificant change in symptoms. At low levels of conflict with father, youth in IPT-AST reported a significant increase in symptoms during follow-up, whereas youth in CWS reported a nonsignificant change in symptoms. These exploratory secondary analyses of Personalized Depression Prevention study data highlight specific cognitive and interpersonal risk factors that could be considered when determining which prevention program may be most effective for a given adolescent. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Understanding Human-Nilgai negative interactions in India: a systematic review through print media report analysis

Despite being one of the most conflict-prone species in India, the Nilgai antelope Boselaphus tragocamelus has received little scientific attention. In this study, we address this knowledge gap by conducting an analysis of secondary data extracted from print media reports on Human-Nilgai negative interactions at the regional scale (tehsils and districts) across different states of India. Our findings revealed notable variations in conflict levels among different states, with Bihar emerging as the most affected (86 tehsils and 22 districts), followed by Madhya Pradesh (34 tehsils; 21 districts) and Uttar Pradesh (33 tehsils; 20 districts). Within Bihar, Muzaffarpur and East Champaran districts stand out for their high conflict levels. Crop raiding by different populations of Nilgai is identified as the primary cause of the negative interaction, with a relative frequency of occurrence of 98%. Attacks on humans by nilgai, although rare, accounted for a relative frequency of occurrence of only 1.2%. Additionally, newspapers reported retaliatory killings, with a relative frequency of occurrence of 0.84%. Between 2018 and 2022, nilgai populations were documented raiding 45 distinct crop types. Analysis of these raids revealed varying frequencies across different crop categories, with vegetables being the most heavily targeted (31%), followed by pulses (22%) and cereals (20%). Our study identifies priority tehsils and districts across different states in the country where studies aiming at nilgai-crop interactions, population dynamics, and movement ecology can be carried out to devise effective mitigation measures.

CONFLICT IN ORGANIZATIONS: ITS CONNECTION TO A HEALTHY AND PRODUCTIVE WORK ENVIRONMENT

In this day and age, conflict is a topic that is still being discussed. Conflict cannot be completely avoided in an organization, but it can be managed by minimizing it. The study employed a qualitative approach using systematic literature review methods to analyze and synthesize existing research on organizational conflict and its implications for healthy and productive work environments. Data collection involved reviewing 30 articles from reputable national and international journals, focusing on conflict management, leadership styles, and the impact of external factors on organizational dynamics. Effective conflict management by organizational leaders is essential in fostering a cooperative environment for handling conflicts within teams. Constructive conflict management can lead to positive changes and learning experiences for all parties involved in organizational conflicts. Effective conflict resolution strategies can stimulate innovative problem-solving among employees and prevent a decline in motivation and creativity due to high levels of conflict.

Digital citizen participation in policy conflict and concord: Evaluation of a web‐based planning tool for railroad infrastructure

AbstractInfrastructure siting has been shown to lead to high contestation across political systems. To counteract this, policymaking has introduced participatory instruments that were recently supplemented by web‐based tools. Drawing on theoretical perspectives on policy conflict, this paper investigates how different conflict intensities reflected in public discourses can shape citizens' perceptions on the potential and limitations of digital participation tools. To this end, we conducted a survey experiment with students who evaluated the potential functions of a web‐based tool considering criteria, such as transparency, efficiency, and inclusion of new expertise. Participants were randomly assigned fictitious project descriptions that used either conflict or concord words. The results show that while users see several positive influences of digital tools on increased transparency and inclusivity in participation processes, this perception is negatively influenced by a supposedly high level of conflict. Furthermore, digital public participation in railroad planning is perceived as contributing to decreasing escalation and strengthening the democratic quality of policy processes. However, digital participation can only develop its strengths if there are accompanying measures and discourses to secure trust. In addition, the tool's potential seems to be higher in less escalated conflict situations and fully escalated situations than in asymmetrically escalated conflicts.

A cognitive script perspective on how early caregiving experiences inform adolescent peer relationships and loneliness: A 14-year longitudinal study of Chinese families.

Leveraging data from a longitudinal study of Chinese families (n=364), this research aims to understand the role of secure base script knowledge as a cognitive mechanism by which early caregiving experiences inform adolescents' friendship quality and feelings of loneliness. Results showed that observed maternal sensitivity at 14 and 24 months old was negatively associated with adolescents' self-reported conflicts with close friends (β=-0.17, p=0.044) at 15 years old, and this association was partially mediated by their secure base script knowledge assessed at 10 years old. Further, secure base script knowledge moderated the link between adolescents' friend conflict and feelings of loneliness (β=-0.15, p=0.037). The results support a cognitive script perspective on the association between early caregiving experiences and later socio-emotional adjustment. Furthermore, this study adds to the developmental literature that has previously focused on more stringent and authoritarian aspects of parenting in Chinese families, thereby contributing to our understanding of how sensitive and supportive parenting practices contribute to socio-emotional development outside of Western contexts. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: Maternal sensitivity during infancy and toddlerhood has a long-term association with adolescents' friendship quality and adolescents' secure base script partially explains the association. First evidence to demonstrate that the secure base script in attachment relationships mediates the association between early maternal caregiving and socio-emotional development in Chinese adolescents. Adolescents lacking secure base script knowledge are particularly vulnerable to feelings of loneliness when facing high levels of conflict in close friendships.

Examining the Role of Structural and Functional Social Network Characteristics in the Context of Chronic Pain: An Ego-centered Network Design

The well-being and functioning of individuals with chronic pain (CP) vary significantly. Social factors, such as social integration, may help explain this differential impact. Specifically, structural (network size, density) as well as functional (perceived social support, conflict) social network characteristics may play a role. However, it is not yet clear whether and how these variables are associated with each other. Objectives were to examine 1) both social network characteristics in individuals with primary and secondary CP, 2) the association between structural network characteristics and mental distress and functioning/participation in daily life, and 3) whether the network’s functionality mediated the association between structural network characteristics and mental distress, respectively, functioning/participation in daily life. Using an online ego-centered social network tool, cross-sectional data were collected from 303 individuals with CP (81.85% women). No significant differences between individuals with fibromyalgia versus secondary CP were found regarding network size and density. In contrast, ANCOVA models showed lower levels of perceived social support and higher levels of conflict in primary (vs secondary) CP. Structural equation models showed that 1) larger network size indirectly predicted lower mental distress via lower levels of conflict; 2) higher network density increased mental distress via the increase of conflict levels. Network size or density did not (in)directly predict functioning/participation in daily life. The findings highlight that the role of conflict, in addition to support, should not be underestimated as a mediator for mental well-being. Research on explanatory mechanisms for associations between the network’s structure, functionality, and well-being is warranted. PerspectiveThis paper presents results on associations between structural (network size, density) and functional (social support, conflict) social network characteristics and well-being in the context of CP by making use of an ego-centered network design. Results suggest an indirect association between structural network characteristics and individuals with CP their mental well-being.

Индивидуально-типологические детерминанты конфликтологической компетентности сотрудников полиции

The relevance of the study is due to the high level of conflict in the professional activities of police officers and insufficient development of the issue of conflictological competence in the context of the individual typological approach. In the article the author discusses conflictological competence as a specific type of professional competence. The psychological content and scheme of the research analysis of the components of conflicto-logical competence of the police officers are revealed. The indicators of conflictological competence / incom-petence for reflexive-evaluative, emotional-volitional, motivational-value and behavioral components are rec-orded. The severity of the police officers’s of individual typological characteristics has been analyzed. Negative characteristics provoking manifestations of conflictological incompetence of police officers by type of character accentuations (hyperthymic and emotive), which are expressed at the level of tendency or have a high degree of representation, are considered. Based on the results of the correlation analysis, it is shown that conflictologi-cal competencies are represented to varying degrees among police officers, taking into account their individual typological characteristics.

A Mixed Methods Approach to Understand Mother-Father Relationship and Perceived Stress Among Black Pregnant Women.

Black women in the United States report moderate to high levels of perceived stress during pregnancy. Though lower levels of involvement and support from father of the baby (FOB) and higher levels of conflict have been associated with higher levels of maternal perceived stress, it is not clear how Black pregnant women experience the mother-father relationship and its influence on perceived stress. To examine and describe the mother-father relationship and its role in experiences of perceived stress from the perspective of Black pregnant women. Using a convergent, mixed methods approach with ideal-type analysis, we conducted a secondary analysis of data among 60 Black pregnant women enrolled in the Biosocial Impact on Black Births study. Women completed online self-report questionnaires and participated in a semi-structured interview by telephone. Participants who reported more conflict with FOB also reported higher levels of perceived stress (ρ(47)=.431, P=.002). Themes (importance, communication, support, conflict, satisfaction, and stress) emerged from the data. Five distinct mother-father relationship typologies were identified following an ideal-type analysis of the combined dataset: Cared For; Managing Expectations; Just Friends, For the Kids; It's Complicated; and Can't be Bothered. These findings are an innovative exemplar of ideal-type analysis and provide a deeper understanding of the nuance and dynamics within the mother-father relationship and how it influences perceived stress among Black pregnant women. Clinicians must recognize the significance of the mother-father relationship and, when appropriate, encourage paternal involvement or intervene if there is conflict during pregnancy.

Examining External and Internal Acculturative Factors: Cuban-Born Women’s Experience of Well-Being in the U.S.

Objective: This study investigates the influence of acculturative stress on the mental well-being of Cuban-born women and Latina immigrants, emphasizing their distinctive experiences. Methods: Utilizing data from the National Latino Asian American Study (NLAAS), a comprehensive nationwide mental health investigation among Latino and Asian Americans, this study examined 264 Cuban women (average age: 58) who migrated to the United States and live in south Florida. The study employed Family Stress Management (FSM) framework and Bekteshi et al.’s Contextual Influence on Acculturative Stress (CIAS) framework to scrutinize the interplay of contextual factors and individual characteristics impacting adolescents’ psychological distress. Results: The findings revealed several noteworthy associations. Higher levels of church attendance, challenges in visiting family overseas, and perceived racial discrimination correlated with elevated stress levels. Furthermore, the age at which individuals immigrated was positively linked to increased stress (b = 0.18; p = 0.04), indicating that older Cuban immigrants experienced greater psychological distress upon their arrival in the United States. Additionally, higher levels of conflict between family and cultural values, as well as intensified religious beliefs, were associated with elevated distress levels. Conclusion: This study underscores the intricate interplay of diverse contextual factors in shaping the mental health and well-being of Cuban-born women. The insights derived from this research have implications for the development of tailored interventions and support systems, aiming to address the unique needs of this population.

Exploration of underlying patterns among conflict, socioeconomic and political factors.

The emergence of conflict is a complex issue with numerous drivers and interactions playing a role. Exploratory dimension-reduction techniques can reveal patterns of association in such complex data. In this study, an existing dataset was reanalyzed using factor analysis for mixed data to visualize the data in two-dimensional space to explore the conditions associated with high levels of conflict. The first dimension was strongly associated with resilience index, control of corruption, income, income inequality, and regime type, while the second dimension was strongly associated with oil production, regime type, conflict level, political terror level, and water stress. Hierarchical clustering from principal components was used to group the observations into five clusters. Country trajectories through the two-dimensional space provided examples of how movement in the first two dimensions reflected changes in conflict, political terror, regime type, and resilience index. These trajectories correspond to the evolution of themes in research on conflict, particularly in terms of considering the importance of climate or environmental variables in stimulating or sustaining conflict. Understanding conditions associated with high conflict can be helpful in guiding the development of future models for prediction and risk assessment.

Parental separation and children’s well-being: Does the quality of parent-child relationships moderate the effect?

A considerable body of literature takes a deficit perspective and shows that children who experience a parental separation have more disadvantages than children who live in a two-biological-parent family. This article argues that not all children respond identically to their parents’ separation, and examines whether there are heterogeneous effects based on parent-child relationship quality. We expect that having a good relationship with the resident parent can buffer the potentially negative effects of parental separation on a child’s well-being. Using longitudinal data from waves 2 to 13 (2009/2010 – 2020/2021) of the German Family Panel pairfam, we estimate fixed-effects models based on a sample of 2,057 children aged 7 to 15, 99 of whom experienced the separation of their parents. We find that children who had a high level of conflict with the resident parent had significantly more emotional problems after parental separation, whereas children who had few conflicts with the resident parent had significantly fewer emotional problems after separation. Similarly, we find that only children in a parent-child dyad with a low level of intimate disclosure had more behavioral problems after parental separation than before.

Identifying and managing evaluator biases in parenting plan evaluations

AbstractPsychologists and other professionals are often appointed by the courts to assist families in resolving post‐separation disputes and to assist judges in making orders on behalf of the best interests of the child(ren). Although these evaluations provide valuable information to the court, they require assessing areas of human behavior that are imprecisely defined or lacking professional consensus. As parents separate, their disputes may become more challenging, and they may act in uncharacteristic and unpredictable ways. Families that cannot solve their own challenges outside of court often show high levels of conflict and/or have issues that are extremely complex, including domestic violence allegations, resist‐refuse family dynamics, and relocation requests. Evaluators and judges, being human, tend to oversimplify complex issues due to the limitations of the human brain. Evaluators are subject to cognitive biases that result from the use of mental heuristics, leading to shortcuts and errors in their reasoning and judgment. Other biases, such as implicit and explicit cultural biases, often influence evaluators' reasoning and conclusions. This article explores various biases that affect and potentially diminish the quality of an evaluator's work. We conclude by addressing “de‐biasing” strategies that can reduce, but not negate, the risks associated with such biases.

Gaming passion contributes to the definition and identification of problematic gaming

Even if for most people playing video games is a healthy leisure activity, a minority of vulnerable users present an excessive use associated to negative consequences (e.g., psychosocial maladjustment, sleep interference) and functional impairment. The current study first aims to identify psychological factors that contribute to discriminate highly involved (but healthy) gamers from problematic gamers. For that purpose, we used a cluster analysis approach to identify different groups of gamers based on their profiles of passion towards gaming (using the Dualistic Model of Passion). Another objective of the present study is to explore, using supervised machine-learning, how gaming disorder symptoms, assessed within the substance use disorder framework (e.g., tolerance, withdrawal), might be linked to harmonious and/or an obsessive passion for gaming. Three distinct clusters of gamers were identified based on their passion profiles, including risky gamers, engaged gamers, and casual gamers. Supervised machine-learning algorithms identified that specific gaming disorder symptoms (salience, mood modification, tolerance, low level of conflict) were predominantly related to harmonious passion, whereas others (withdrawal, high level of conflict, relapse) were more directly related to obsessive passion. Our results support the relevance of person-centered approaches to the treatment of problematic gaming.

A study on middle-class female remote workers: a study on work-family conflict, job satisfaction and interpersonal communication satisfaction

Purpose- This study sought to investigate the impact of the emerging remote working model, which has gained significant popularity among businesses in recent years, specifically focusing on middle-class female employees. The primary objectives included understanding how work-family conflict, job satisfaction, and interpersonal communication satisfaction interplay in the context of remote work and how they contribute to the overall employee experience. Methodology- To gather the data for the study, a comprehensive questionnaire was designed and distributed among the target population. The data collected were meticulously analyzed using the SPSS 23 statistical package program, ensuring the reliability and precision of the results. For further validation and in-depth interpretation, advanced statistical models such as Random Forest (RF) and Naive Bayes (NB) were employed. These supervised machine learning models played a crucial role in enhancing the completeness of the analysis and corroborating the study findings. Findings- Empirical analysis led to several significant conclusions. The first was the finding that work-family conflict exhibited a negative correlation with interpersonal communication satisfaction. This suggested that a higher level of conflict between work and family roles tends to lower the quality of interpersonal communication in the context of remote work. Furthermore, the study found a positive relationship between job satisfaction and the nexus between work-family conflict and interpersonal communication satisfaction. This indicates that higher job satisfaction can potentially mitigate the negative impacts of work-family conflict on communication. Conclusion- The study provides critical information on the challenges faced by middle-class female remote workers, particularly in the realm of work-family conflict and its subsequent effects. The findings underscore the negative implications of this conflict on both job satisfaction and interpersonal communication. Employers and organizations, therefore, must be mindful of these issues and devise suitable strategies, taking into account these outcomes to better manage the work-life balance and communication dynamics of their remote working female employees, thus improving their overall work experience. Keywords: Remote work, woman, work-family conflict, job satisfaction, ınterpersonal communication. JEL codes: E24, O47, J21

Neurological levels of thinking and entrepreneurship for post-pandemic economic revival

Understanding our mind allows us to know ourselves better. The neurological levels of thinking allow us to identify the level of conflict and its relationship with entrepreneurial behavior and entrepreneurship, in order to achieve a reactivation of the post-pandemic economy. The study was conducted using a quantitative-qualitative approach and a descriptive level, which allowed us to identify the conflict at the level of thinking in which the student is located: environment, behavior, habits, beliefs, identity, and transcendence. It was applied to a population of students from ESPOCH's Faculty of Business Administration in five majors (Accounting and Auditing, Marketing, Transportation Management, Finance and Business Administration), with a total population of 981 students enrolled in the subject of entrepreneurship. The study was applied to the entire population, except for 2% of students who did not attend in-person classes due to some domestic calamity or other reasons. The results show non-constructive environments, negative behaviors, untapped capacities, and the highest level of conflict being limiting beliefs towards entrepreneurship and money, as well as an unidentified identity. It is concluded that the neurological levels of thinking can be modified thanks to neuroplasticity, which facilitates changes in behavior and habits towards entrepreneurship, resulting in a post-pandemic economic reactivation. Those who undertake directly impact the development of their reality, and their beliefs and entrepreneurial values are related to personal motivation, with the capacity to create a transformative and social change.

Gender and Violence in International Relations: Evidence from the Statecraft Simulation

Abstract To what extent does gender impact the level of conflict in an online international relations simulation environment? This article uses a survey of participants in the Statecraft simulation to determine the degree to which gender affects simulation outcomes. The authors worked with the Statecraft company to include a limited number of questions in Statecraft's end-of-simulation survey regarding participants’ gender, the level of conflict in the simulated world in which the student participated, and whether the student's world succeeded in building the Globe of Frost, the analog for solving global warming in the simulation. Based on student responses, we find that classes with a majority of male students were significantly more likely to report that their simulated world had a high level of conflict. Teams with majority males were also more likely to initiate conflict and focus on foreign policy rather than domestic policy, though those results were insignificant. Gender did not appear to affect whether or not a simulated world solved the global warming analog; though not significant, the coefficient suggests male-dominated worlds were slightly more likely to construct the Globe of Frost.

Migrant Status and the Wellbeing Gap: The Case of an Ethnically Diverse, High-Conflict Area in Indonesia

Communities with high levels of in-migration can experience substantial social, cultural, and economic change due to the upheaval in social dynamics and changes to the economy. Such upheaval can result in between-group inequalities amongst the native and migrant populations, with migrants tending to have lower levels of wellbeing compared to those who were born in the area. Through utilising a culturally adapted wellbeing measurement tool, the Indonesian Wellbeing Scale, this study examines the native-immigrant wellbeing gap in Papua, Indonesia. Papua has historically experienced high levels of conflict, and is highly ethnically diverse, making it a unique context to examine the native-immigrant wellbeing gap. Drawing on data collected in 2020, the results indicate that the immigrant population has significantly higher levels of wellbeing when controlling for a number of socio-demographic characteristics. This finding is driven by all wellbeing dimensions within the Indonesian Wellbeing Scale: spirituality, social relations, material needs, and self-acceptance. Possible explanations for this include the happy migrant hypothesis, levels of wellbeing pre-migration, and impacts of the migration process. These findings have important implications for migration within both Indonesia, and in similar contexts throughout the world, highlighting that care must be taken when implementing migration policies to ensure that receiving communities are not negatively affected. Furthermore, the study emphasises the value in using a multidimensional, culturally adapted wellbeing measurement tool that was developed in consultation with individuals in the community to ensure we are more closely measuring what matters to people.