High Levels Of Conflict Research Articles

Access to areas for algae cultivation in Norway

Marine macro algae may play a significant role in the transformation to the future post fossil fuel and low carbon society. Previous research shows that high expectations for future and large-scale algae cultivation in European waters are often followed by identification of a wide range of challenges linked to the same development. This paper specifically investigates the locational challenges for algae cultivation in spatial planning at the local level along the Norwegian coast. Based on statistics from Norwegian Fisheries Directorate and a survey to Norwegian spatial managers, we explore in detail the challenges for communities, when prioritizing and allocating areas for industrial production of algae. The data suggest some areas for concern that a future upscaling effort would likely need to address. First, the possible encroachment on already established aquaculture should not be underestimated. Uncertainty related to the suitability of areas for algae production combined with a generally more area demanding activity contributes to this. Second, this uncertainty also points to a general knowledge gap on the part of local planners. Finally, the data also suggest other areas for concern that a future upscaling effort would likely need to address, namely that an upscaling of algae production needs to be sensitive to local contexts. The data suggest that a lack of expertise on aquaculture is linked to both lower industry satisfaction, higher levels of conflict, less experience with aquaculture in general, and smaller municipalities.

A Game Theoretic Model of Choosing a Valuable Good via a Short List Heuristic

The Internet gives access to a huge amount of data at the click of a mouse. This is very helpful when consumers are making decisions about which product to buy. However, the final decision to purchase is still generally made by humans who have limited memory and perception. The short list heuristic is often used when there are many offers on the market. Searchers first find information about offers via the Internet and on this basis choose a relatively small number of offers to view in real life. Although such rules are often used in practice, little research has been carried out on determining, for example, what the size of the short list should be depending on the parameters of the problem or modelling how the short list heuristic can be implemented when there are multiple decision makers. This article presents a game theoretic model of such a search procedure with two players. These two players can be interpreted, for example, as a couple searching for a flat or a second-hand car. The model indicates that under such a search procedure the roles of searchers should only be divided when the preferences of the players are coherent or there is a high level of goodwill between them. In other cases, dividing the roles leads to a high level of conflict.

Ethnopolitical Contradictions in Katerynoslav Region in the Conditions of the Systemic Crisis of the Russian Autocracy of the End of XIX - BEGINNING OF THE XX CENTURY

In the post-reform period, the Katerynoslav province was used as a locomotive of capitalist transformations, and on the other hand represented polyethnic and poly-denominational territories inhabited by Ukrainians, Russians, Jews, Germans, Poles, Greeks, Tatars, Bulgarians. etc. Such diversity could not but affect the ethnic relations in the region, which left a significant imprint on them. These relationships, in turn, were characterized by both relationship development and mutual influences, and a sufficiently high level of conflict. In particular, the author analyzes the causes and manifestations of superechtas between representatives of different ethnic groups that inhabited Katerynoslav region at the end of XIX - early XX centuries.Thus, it is emphasized that the rupture of social ties and impoverishment of a large part of the population during the transition from traditional to industrial society objectively created the basis for the spread of xenophobic and nationalist sentiments. At the same time, attention is drawn to the fact that at this time tsarism continued to build its intrinsic policy on the principles of the great power, the basis of which was known the «Uvarov» triad – «autocracy, Orthodoxy, nationality», in particular, when the official ideology was counted ethnic Ukrainians to Russians. Therefore, in the confines of a large-scale, chauvinistic policy, the Ukrainians were demolished and assimilated, and the rights of the Jewish population and representatives of other ethnic groups inhabiting the empire were restricted at the legislative level.Conflicts on the national soil in the region have seen an increase in the number of riotous actions against the local Jewish population, as well as the launching of anti-German campaigns, especially during the First World War. In addition, numerous disputes in Katerynoslav province have arisen between Ukrainians and Russians, as well as between local workers and foreign management personnel, who appeared in large numbers at the factories and mines of the region in the modern period. All this led to the destabilization of the socio-political situation, becoming a significant component of the revolutionary crisis that swept the Russian Empire in the early twentieth century.

CREATING SAFE EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENT IN EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS THAT IMPLEMENT INCLUSIVE EDUCATION BY INTRODUCING SCHOOL MUTUAL UNDERTANDING SERVICE IN THEIR LEARNING PROCESS

The article notes that in recent years Ukraine has identified new priorities for the development of its education system. Since 2018, the concept of the New Ukrainian School has been introduced in general secondary education institutions. There has been created an appropriate legal framework, and practical reforms in the field of education have begun, i.e. the Ukrainian school must change radically. One of the priorities of the state's development is inclusive education, which is one of the main factors in reforming the system of institutional care and upbringing of children in Ukraine. This means that in general educational institutions in classrooms different children will learn and interact together, including children with special educational needs. The goal of educational institutions is the all-round development of any child, creating conditions for the assimilation of effective models of behavior with peers, taking into account all the features of the development of each individual child. However, frequent occurrences of violence, bullying and a high level of conflict among peers do not allow schoolchildren to fully achieve their goals. The article considers the problems that students may face during the educational process in inclusive learing institutions; one of the issues is bullying in the children's community. The authors analyzed the legislation of Ukraine on combating bullying. They outlined the measures of preventive work of teachers to prevent bullying. As a result, the prevention of bullying in educational institutions contributes to the improvement of the microclimate in communities and the creation of a safe educational environment in educational institutions. The establishment of school services of mutual understanding and implementation of a restorative approach can improve the socio-psychological microclimate in school (or higher educational institution) communities, creating a safe environment for all participants of the educational process, because it is a well-established process of interaction between mediators, an efficient way of peacebuilding and nonviolent communication.

Країни Південного Кавказу у фокусі східної політики Європейського Союзу

Peculiarities and main stages of the European Union modern eastern policy formation are considered, including the countries of the South Caucasus – Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia. The reasons have been brought to light for the weak presence of the EU in the region of the South Caucasus in the early 90s of the XXth century, in particular, the lack of understanding by European partners of the problems of this region; recognition of them as a sphere of influence of Russia; lack of tools in the EU to conduct foreign and security policy in the region, as well as to resolve conflicts there. The grounds for including the countries of the region in the sphere of the EU foreign policy are determined, such as the EU energy security; democratization of the South Caucasus as an important component of European security; reaching a compromise between European partners on strengthening the EU’s presence in the post-Soviet space. Emphasis is placed on the peculiarities of the foreign policy priorities of Armenia, Georgia, and Azerbaijan concerning the European Union, and the formation of cooperation, major achievements, problems, and challenges. It has been proved that from the very beginning of the institutionalization of the modern EU eastern policy, the countries of the South Caucasus have had different interests in cooperation with European partners. Thus, Azerbaijan – the development of economic cooperation with the EU, mainly in the energy sector and the restoration of the territorial integrity of the state; Armenia – investment and financial assistance from the EU, support for peace and stability in the Nagorno-Karabakh region; Georgia – strengthening the European movement, restoring territorial integrity, stabilization of the internal situation and in the South Caucasus in general. It is argued that it is the high level of conflict in the region that is the main obstacle to the full implementation of the EU regulatory force in the South Caucasus region. It is concluded that the main limitations of the EU’s Eastern policy towards the countries of the South Caucasus are the lack of a clear strategy towards the South Caucasus, the lack of political and security cooperation, and a certain exclusion of the EU from resolving regional conflicts there. Besides, the effectiveness of the EU’s eastern policy in the South Caucasus will largely depend on the influence of third parties, mainly Russia.

Transiting the Family Breakup: An Approach to Parenting Coordination

The traditional family model has undergone changes in recent times, there has been an increase in separations and divorces, as well as an increase in the number of judicial breakup proceedings subject to high levels of conflict. Regarding this socio-family reality, it is important to guarantee the fundamental right of minors to relate adequately with both their father and their mother, maintaining all their ties. The problem arises when their children are involved in the conflicts generated by the separation or divorce. These processes of family breakup with high levels of conflict are an important risk in terms of guaranteeing the well-being of the children involved in them. In the same way, there are more and more authors who explain that processes of separation or divorce conflict affect the children in different dimensions, causing an increase in behavioral, emotional or psychological problems. The aim of this study is to develop a content analysis to know and analyze the scientific literature, national and international, around this area. Our results show a first approximation from which to investigate and deepen the family breakup processes and to know the impact of scientific evidence around the reality of parenting coordination.

Mapeamento de Conflitos de Uso e Ocupação no Complexo Estuarino de Paranaguá e Plataforma Rasa: Subsídios para o Planejamento Espacial Marinho

The preference for housing in coastal environments has become a human strategy due to several factors; as biodiversity wealth, geographic strategy, or abundance of fishing resources. The coastal and estuarine environment is a place of multiple uses for industrial, commercial, housing, port, and ecologically essential purposes. An effective Marine Spatial Planning (MSP) is essential to establish a rational organization of the use of the marine space and the interactions between its uses, in order to balance the demands of development with the need to protect marine ecosystems, as well as to achieve social and economic objectives in a transparent and planned way (UNESCO-IOC, 2011). The present study identifies, maps, and separates the main human activities developed in the territorial space of the Paranaguá Estuarine Complex - Paraná, Brazil (CEP) and nearby shallow platform. Through Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and remote sensing techniques, it established the conflict zones and their impact on the marine environment and quantified areas of environmental protection affected by human activities. The results shows the regions between Pontal do Sul and Ponta do Poço, the southern portion of Baía das Laranjeiras and the Rasa Platform classified with High Conflict levels. Approximately 19% of the administrative limits of the Conservation Units (CU) in the region and 33% of the Damping Zones (DZ) are affected by anthropic activities and uses. In this way, the spatialization of existing conflicts in a place with broad uses for different purposes, would support to define economic strategies; direct actions for public policies, and decision making. Still, it can be a tool for the mitigation and compensation of environmental and social impacts, due to human activities in the study area. Keywords: Coastal management, geoprocessing, protected coastal areas, conservation units, coastal zone.

God’s Participatory Vision of a Global Symphony: Catholic Business Leaders Integrating Talents through Dispute and Shared Decision System Design

As integrators of talents, Catholic family business leaders are strategically positioned to leverage the unique differences of their workforce. Business literature currently emphasizes participatory leadership as best practice. Participatory leadership is insufficient, however, because increasing the number of voices in the decision-making process may lead to higher levels of conflict or disengagement if the voices are disregarded. This paper proposes that the Catholic Social Teaching concepts of subsidiarity and solidarity provide the guiding principles to integrate participation because together they can account for all stakeholders while advancing business goals. To operationalize these principles, this paper suggests that the dispute resolution field has developed analytical frameworks to assess and reimagine current policies, procedures, and culture for dispute resolution (Dispute Systems Design) and shared decision making (Shared Decision System Design). Ultimately, businesses are the training ground to prepare citizens to participate in the public square and contribute to the common good.

Tuning Relationships With Music™: An Intervention for Parents With an Interpersonal Trauma History and Their Adolescents

Childhood interpersonal trauma has profound effects on future relationships, including parent-adolescent relationships. However, the effects of an interpersonal trauma history on parenting are not well understood or effectively addressed in existing evidence-based family and parent-child therapies. This paper describes a systemic intervention, entitled Tuning Relationships with Music™ (TRM), for parents with a history of childhood abuse or neglect and their adolescent who are experiencing high levels of conflict in their relationship. A previously published pilot randomised controlled trial of TRM found that parent-adolescent dyads who received the intervention reported significantly reduced conflict, and that parents were observed to be more responsive and less reactive compared with a wait-list group. Written for counsellors, psychotherapists and others working therapeutically with parents and adolescents, the current paper outlines the key principles and core tasks covered in TRM and describes what is covered in sessions. Considerations for therapists, and future directions for research are also discussed.

Violent conflict and breastfeeding: the case of Iraq

BackgroundThis study explores the relationship between armed conflict and breastfeeding practices of Iraqi mothers. To date, the relationship between violent conflict and breastfeeding is surprisingly understudied. Especially in the Middle East, which is conflict-prone and has a young population, research on war and household behavior is critical for promoting recovery and sustainable development.MethodsThis study employs a unique pairing of the Iraq Body Count Database and the 2006 and 2011 Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys for Iraq. We use probit models to explore the association between armed conflict and several breastfeeding outcomes – whether a child was ever breastfed, whether a child was breastfed within 1 h after birth, whether a child is currently breastfed, and whether an infant under 6 months of age is exclusively breastfed. Our proxies for conflict intensity are the average rate of conflict-related casualties across the 3 years prior to survey administration and the rate of casualties averaged across the 2 years prior to the birth of the child, in the governorate in which the family resides. We employ a number of other independent variables important for breastfeeding status, including health controls and characteristics of the household, child and mother. We also use a Cox proportional hazards model to study the association between conflict and breastfeeding duration. We complement this analysis with various robustness checks, including disaggregation by year, controls for household wealth and an analysis of breastmilk substitutes and their potential for an interaction with household wealth.ResultsWe find in our main results that increases in conflict-related casualties are associated with a significant decline in the probability that a child was ever breastfed and a decline in the probability that a child is currently breastfeeding. There is no significant association with exclusive breastfeeding or with initiation of breastfeeding within 1 h after birth. This result is robust to alternative measures of conflict, although some coefficients from estimation based on the 2006 subsample are positive and not significant, and reverse causation is a potential source of bias in interpreting cross-sectional feeding patterns. Results on breastfeeding duration are mixed. Our results also suggest an increase in the use of breastfeeding substitutes like formula concurrent to higher levels of conflict among wealthier households.ConclusionThe results are informative in the context of designing policy aimed at stabilizing the long-term health and productivity of populations in conflict areas. Infant formula provided with the objective of offering temporary relief creates risks, including reducing the probability and duration of breastfeeding. Attention to the supply of health care and to support systems for women, especially skilled breastfeeding support and targeted support to infants dependent on formula, are matters of the utmost urgency during and after conflict periods.

Conflict between nature reserves and surrounding communities in China: An empirical study based on a social and ecological system framework

The conflicts between nature reserves and surrounding communities are attracting growing attention. These conflicts, through complexities of resource, socio-economic, and governance conditions, are produced through interactive processes. We report a case study of Taibai Mountain National Nature Reserve in Shaanxi, China, where we employ Ostrom's Social and Ecological System framework and conflict theory, in context of a high motivation of investment in rural China. The results reveal that social and ecological systems in each of the three examined villages were varied with respect to natural resource systems and units, actors, governance, and degrees of reserve-village conflicts. The competing interests of using reserve resources for both conservation and tourism generated a high level of conflict in Hetaoping Village. Changhushan village showed low levels of conflict. This was due to a polycentric governance system with strong self-organization and networking processes, along with well-planned investment and rational harvesting of natural resources outside the nature reserve. This allowed Changhushan to utilize their resources in multiple ways, with relatively lower conflict. Dali village had medium level of conflict. Upon the reserve's creation, the government had included the village's forest within the reserve without feasible economic compensation or effective means of conflict resolution. These decisions have severely limited the capacity of the current nature reserve administration. Our study indicated that nature reserves and their surrounding villages could coexist well when polycentric governance played roles in both curbing emerging conflicts and solving existing ones. We discuss policy implications to foster environmentally friendly economies and polycentric governance for all village's social and ecological systems.

ТУРКИЯ ВА АРАБ МАМЛАКАТЛАРИ: ҲУДУДИЙ МОЖАРОЛАР ВА ТРАНСЧЕГАРАВИЙ СУВ АРТЕРИЯЛАРИ ОРҚАЛИ СУВДАН БИРГАЛИКДА ФОЙДАЛАНИШ МУАММОЛАРИ

The article is devoted to territorial conflicts and conflicts of water use in the Middle East region. The states of the Near and Middle East are a sub regional system of international relations. This area has a high level of conflict. We can assume that the region holds one of the highest ratings in terms of the number of conflicts and crises

Challenges and dilemmas working with high‐conflict families in child protection casework

AbstractSocial workers within child protection services report that families marked by high levels of conflict between separated parents are among the most challenging cases to handle. Few studies however have focussed on how social workers themselves experience and meet with parents involved in hostile martial interactions. This article reports on a qualitative study involving 31 social workers and provides an analysis of their experiences and dilemmas in working with such families. Findings demonstrate that social workers struggle to find ways to help high‐conflict families and often find themselves at an impasse. Parents involved in such conflict are highly resistant to change, and social workers struggle to engage with them over concerns about their children. Furthermore, findings suggest that social workers lack organizationally allotted time to assist the parents. I conclude by discussing ways in which emotional support, empowering interventions, and strength‐based approaches enable social workers to manage relationships with high‐conflict families. More research on this topic is needed to support and promote better practices for social workers to be more effective in assisting high‐conflict families.

The Divorce Conflict Scale

ABSTRACT There is a lack of validated short screening instruments specifically addressing conflict and cooperation post-relationship/marital dissolution. Accordingly, this study aims to validate the newly developed Divorce Conflict Scale and evaluate divorce conflict levels in relation to sociodemographic and divorce-related variables. Two samples of recently divorced parents were recruited through the Danish State Administration (sample one n = 1144, sample two n = 420). The instrument fulfilled the recommended criteria in exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Women reported high conflict levels and more factors contributed to higherer conflict than men did. The short 6-item Divorce Conflict Scale is a highly applicable measure in research, clinical, and public policy settings.

LEVEL OF CONFLICT IN PUBLIC HOSPITALS

Hospital conflicts arise in the process of joint work. They may have a negative impact both on medical professionals and teams providing medical care, but they may also provoke a positive effect in the activity of the medical establishment. The level of conflict is an essential indicator reflecting the actual and potential conflicting relationships in the working teams. Systematic tracking of conflict helps to identify actual and potential conflicting relationships and to implement effective measures to solve them and prevent their negative consequences. Purpose: The purpose of the study is to assess the level of conflict in teams providing medical care. Material and methods: By means of direct individual poll was studied the opinion of 302 medical employees at four general hospitals on the territory of the town of Plovdiv and town of Asenovgrad, Bulgaria. Of all respondents, 223 (73.8±2.53%) were healthcare specialists and 79 (26.2±2.53%) were physicians. A. Velichkov’s Questionnaire for Assessment of Conflicting Relationships in the Organization was used to assess the extent of impaired relationships at the workplace and to determine the existing level of conflict in hospitals. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and non-parametric analysis at a significance level for the null hypothesis p<0.05. The statistical analysis was performed using SPSS v. 16. Results: Medical professionals evaluated the working environment in hospitals as highly conflicting. The assessment of relationships between medical professionals showed that high levels of conflict are predominant in men than in women. There is a tendency to reduce the level of conflict with the increase of age and service of the medical professionals. Conclusion: The level of conflicting relationships that has been established indicates that medical professionals face a high risk of real conflict when practicing their profession. The data are indicative of the presence of unsolved or inadequately managed conflicts in teams providing medical care, which are determined by sex and age. This finding implies that given the specificity of the profession they pursue – a high-risk profession, medical professionals work in a situation of permanent conflict. In the event of an objective problematic situation or threat, they actively enter into conflict.

POWER, IDENTITY, AND CULTURE IN INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS' PERCEPTIONS OF ACADEMIC WRITING

ABSTRACT Issues surrounding English for Academic Purposes (EAP) and its use by English as an additional language (EAL) students in higher education have become increasingly significant in recent years, fueled both by increased international student mobility and increased linguistic and cultural diversity within and outside of the student body. As well as posing language-related challenges, the transfer of EAL students to an English-speaking foreign university also demands the negotiation of new university expectations, channeled through a new cultural environment. While Academic Literacies research has identified that concepts such as power, identity, and culture play a role in academic writing, students’ own perceptions remain relatively unexplored. Consequently, this study analyzes the ways in which EAL students articulate their relationship with academic writing at a tertiary institution in Ireland. Data for this study were gathered through questionnaires and interviews and analyzed through discourse analysis through a critical lens. The findings suggest that while participants generally positively reflect on their ability to negotiate academic writing through the English language, there is nonetheless a high level of conflict between dominant linguistic norms and the students’ expression of their identity and culture.

Associations between neighborhood, family factors and symptom change in childhood attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Transactional theories view development as partly shaped by processes proximal to a child, which in turn interact with more distal neighborhood and societal contexts. Here we apply this theory to parse the interplay between neighborhood and familial factors on age-related change in symptoms of inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity (ADHD). A cohort of 190 children (96 with ADHD) had a range of neighborhood and familial factors ascertained and had repeated clinical assessments over an average of 2.5 years at a U.S. research center. Using mixed model regression, we found an association between neighborhood wealth, but not the built environment, and the annual rate of change of inattentive but not hyperactive-impulsive symptoms. Following the transactional model, we asked if familial processes explain (mediate), modify (moderate), or act alongside this effect of neighborhood wealth on the change in a child's symptoms of inattention with age. We found evidence for moderation. Specifically, several family level variables - parental economic/education status and degree of family conflict and order moderated the effects of neighborhood wealth on the change in a child's inattentive symptoms. Children living in relatively affluent neighborhoods showed improvement with age in inattention, largely independent of variation in a wide range of familial factors. By contrast, children living in less affluent neighborhoods showed clinical deterioration only if the family had high levels of conflict or if the parents were of lower economic/educational status. Such work might help identify children whose familial and neighborhood contexts place them at risk of having ADHD symptoms persist or increase with age.

When safety climate is not enough: Examining the moderating effects of psychosocial hazards on nurse safety performance.

To examine the association between components of safety climate and psychosocial hazards with safe work behaviours and test the moderating effects of psychosocial hazards on the safety climate-safety performance relationships. The effects of a strong safety climate on safety performance are well cited, however, the conditions that have an impact on this relationship warrant attention. While the psychosocial hazards commonly reported by nurses are predictors of well-being and job attitudes, evidence suggests that these may also place boundaries on the effects of safety climate on safe work practices. This study used a cross-sectional design to collect data from 146 nurses. Participants were recruited through convenience sampling and snowball sampling methods in 2017. Nurses completed an online questionnaire and received a $5 e-gift card as compensation. SPSS v.23 and PROCESS v3.0 were used to analyse the data. A strong safety climate was positively associated with nurses' safety performance. While psychosocial hazards did not predict safety performance, they did moderate the safety climate-performance relationship. High levels of perceived stressors weakened the association between promoting two-way safety communication, the use and implementation of procedures to promote safe work practices and management's endorsement of health and safety with safe work performance. The positive effects of safety climate on nurses' safety performance are contingent on the levels of psychosocial hazards nurses experience. When aiming to improve safety performance among nurses, it is important for efforts to also focus on the psychosocial conditions of the work environment.

Development of a Quantitative Model on Adolescent Cyberbullying Victims in Korea: A System Dynamics Approach

This study used a system dynamics methodology to identify correlation and nonlinear feedback structures among factors affecting adolescent cyberbullying victims (CV) in Korea and to construct and verify a simulation model. Factors affecting CV were identified by reviewing a theoretical background in existing literature and referencing various statistical data. Related variables were identified through content validity verification by an expert group, after which a causal loop diagram (CLD) was constructed based on the variables. A stock-flow diagram (SFD) using Vensim Professional 7.3 was used to establish a CV model. Based on the literature review and expert verification, 22 variables associated with CV were identified and the CLD was prepared. Next, a model was developed by converting the CLD to an SFD. The simulation results showed that the variables such as negative emotions, stress levels, high levels of conflict in schools, parental monitoring, and time spent using new media had the strongest effects on CV. The model's validity was verified using equation check, sensitivity analysis for time-step and simulation with 4 CV adolescent. The system dynamics model constructed in this study can be used to develop intervention strategies in schools that are focused on counseling that can prevent cyberbullying and assist in the victims' recovery by formulating a feedback structure and capturing the dynamic changes observed in CV. To prevent cyberbullying, it is necessary to develop more effective strategies such as prevention education, counseling and treatment that considers factors pertaining to the individual, family, school, and media.

An Improved Multisensor Data Fusion Method and Its Application in Fault Diagnosis

A multisensor system is used to improve the ability of monitoring and tracking accuracy of an engineering system since only one sensor is not enough, whereupon, faulty diagnosis, as a typical information fusion problem which is under multisensor environment, has attracted much attention in recent years. The evidence theory has been widely used to solve this problem. However, when there is a high level of conflict between the information gathered from different sensors, the counter-intuitive result could be obtained when using the classical Dempster’s combination rule. To address this problem, an improved multisensor data fusion method is proposed to fuse the data collected from multisensors. Some numerical examples are illustrated to show that the proposed method is effective and feasible. Moreover, the fusion results using different methods are analyzed, which indicate the superiority and stronger application of the proposed method in the field of fault diagnosis.