High Level Of Competition Research Articles

Bewährungsprobe Europas: Wettbewerbsfähigkeit in einer Welt im Wandel

Abstract Competitiveness is increasingly becoming a political focus. In times of geopolitical uncertainty, a trend of de-globalization and changing economic structures, the EU must assert itself as a business location in the competition between nations. Location characteristics such as a successful digital and green transformation in the face of increasingly scarce human capital, an incomplete internal market and inadequate defense capabilities are important. A high level of competitiveness is only possible with a European single market that is equipped with sufficient resources and a sound cooperation between the member states in the EU.

Measuring Regional Competitiveness Through The Regional Development Index

This research aims to conduct an analysis focusing on measuring the level of regional competitiveness by utilizing the regional development index as a measure of regional development performance in Luwu Raya. This measurement examines several indicators considered influential, namely economic, social, infrastructure, and environmental aspects. The sample in this research includes all regions in Luwu Raya, comprising Palopo City, Luwu Regency, North Luwu Regency, and East Luwu Regency. The method employed in this research is quantitative analysis using the composite performance index as the analytical technique. The primary steps in constructing a composite index involve weighting, literature studies, trend determination, alternative index determination, and composite index determination. The results reveal that the regional competitiveness in Luwu Raya is unevenly distributed. Palopo City is the region with the highest level of competitiveness, while two regencies, North Luwu and Luwu, have the lowest levels of competitiveness. The most influential aspect of regional competitiveness is infrastructure, as measured by data on the condition of paved roads and clean water distribution. The problem that needs to be addressed in almost all regions of Luwu Raya is poverty. Infrastructure is a pioneering indicator that can have a significant positive or negative impact on development in Luwu Raya. Therefore, it is expected that the government can focus its development policies on infrastructure to provide multiplier effects on economic and social aspects through inclusive economic growth and job creation.

Специфика продвижения на российском рынке недвижимости: анализ лучших практик и потребительских предпочтений

The primary real estate market has shown systematic growth since 2020 due to the stimulating demand by using mortgages with state support, as well as the availability of a project financing instrument that protects the buyer from the risks of losing money invested in shared construction. At the same time, the current unstable economic situation leads to a drop in demand caused by a decrease in purchasing power and rising inflation. This dynamics primarily indicates an increased number of proposals, a high level of competition and the risk of oversaturation for developers. In the current conditions the gap emerging in the real estate market between the existing supply and real demand will only increase, which will require developers to use tools and management solutions aimed at promoting the product in the real estate market and building effective personalized communication with clients. The success of marketing tools depends on companies' focus on consumer sentiment, behavior and preferences. The presented work analyzes the civil construction industry's best practices for interaction with buyers, taking into account their emotions, expectations and concerns.

Does corporate digitalization promote labor investment efficiency? Evidence from Chinese listed companies

This study examines whether and how corporate digitalization affects labor investment practices. Using a sample of Chinese listed companies from 2007 to 2023, we find that corporate digital development is positively associated with labor investment efficiency. Mechanism tests show that corporate digitalization can facilitate precise judgment of labor input scales, accelerate employment adjustment responsiveness, recruit high-quality potential workforce, and improve management oversight, thus contributing to making efficient labor investment decisions. Cross-sectional tests indicate that the positive impact of corporate digital development is more prominent for firms located in regions with stronger labor protection systems, industries with higher competition levels and those non-state-owned enterprises. Moreover, corporate digitalization can curb both over- and underinvestment in labor resources, and this effect is primarily manifested in firm’s hiring practices. Our findings contribute to the literature on the determinants of corporate labor investment efficiency and provide practice insight into the role of corporate digitalization in firm’s decision-making.

JUSTIFICATION OF THE FEASIBILITY OF COOPERATION BETWEEN FREIGHT FORWARDING ENTERPRISES AND CUSTOMS-LOGISTICS INFRASTRUCTURE OBJECTS

The purpose of the paper is to plan the activities of freight forwarding enterprises when organizing cooperation with customs-logistics infrastructure objects to meet customer needs. The efficiency indicators of cargo customs complexes, customs warehouses, and temporary storage warehouses were analyzed. The process of selecting customs-logistics infrastructure objects with varying levels of organizational, technical, and technological support was investigated. The proposed development will enable specialists of freight forwarding enterprises to form recommendations for cooperation with customs-logistics infrastructure objects in accordance with individual customer needs. Methodology. The determination of technical and operational performance indicators of customs-logistics infrastructure objects was implemented based on a simulation model developed in the GPSS software environment. This approach allows for the identification of deviations of generalized performance indicators of infrastructure objects from benchmark levels, which are formed taking into account customer requirements. Findings. To ensure a high level of competitiveness of the freight forwarding enterprise, it is necessary to use modern software systems capable of implementing management decisions regarding the formation of partnerships with customs-logistics infrastructure objects. Based on the assessment of technical and operational performance indicators of cargo customs complexes, customs warehouses, and temporary storage warehouses, and considering the main requirements of service customers, it becomes possible to select the most efficient business entity for cooperation. A significant advantage of the proposed development is the ability to perform a comparative analysis of the efficiency indicators of all studied enterprises in relation to the benchmark infrastructure object. Originality. The proposed simulation model for selecting customs-logistics infrastructure objects will allow specialists of freight forwarding enterprises to make a choice of intermediary organizations based on a comparative analysis of the technical and operational performance of the studied objects. Practical value. The practical significance of this work lies in the fact that the proposed model enables the selection of the customs-logistics infrastructure object that most effectively meets the individual needs of the customer. This will make it possible to plan the work of the freight forwarding enterprise based on the implementation of organizational and management measures that will positively impact the internal processes of the organization and contribute to forming its competitive advantages in the market of freight forwarding services. This implementation will reduce the duration of freight forwarding and customs-logistics services and minimize commercial risks at all stages of foreign trade operations by establishing cooperation with the most efficient intermediary organizations.

Individual Electoral Competitiveness: Undecided voters, complex choice environments and lower turnout

The number of citizens that are undecided in their vote choice has risen in Western democracies. Polling in Britain shows that a significant proportion of the population do not know who they will vote for. Against a backdrop of partisan dealignment and party system fragmentation, there are more parties on the ballot and more citizens ‘free to choose’. Partisanship continues to be important for voting and lacking an identity is a predictor of aggregate voter volatility. A growing literature conceptualises this availability of voters as individual-level electoral competitiveness, stating that undecided citizens are subject to high levels of competition for their vote. I use this framework and apply theory from the decisionmaking literature to offer why these conditions may depress turnout. I construct a measure of undecided voters who are ‘in competition’ and show that this accounts for 40% of the British Election Study Internet Panel respondents. I demonstrate that those who are in competition are less likely to vote. They are more often those without a partisan identity and those who pay less attention to politics, but being in competition is not related to constituency marginality. The results help explain a key determinant of abstention in British elections and suggest low levels of participation may be due to complex choice environments and citizen indecision. However, they provide a positive outlook for pluralistic democracy as voters do deliberate between the party perspectives on offer.

Tactics and strategy analysis in professional badminton: insights from match data and performance metrics- a systematic review

Background and Goal of Study: Professional badminton is a sport that requires a combination of physical skills and tactical strategies. This study aims to analyze the tactics and techniques applied in professional badminton systematically matches to improve understanding of the factors influencing athlete performance. This study uses match data and performance metrics as the primary evaluation tools. Materials and Methods: This study adopted a systematic review design with strict selection criteria for data sources. Involving the review of relevant articles, the study gained in-depth insights into the basic concepts of strategy and tactics in badminton, utilization of match data, and the relevance of performance metrics in athlete evaluation. Careful analytical methods were applied to identify common patterns and relationships between strategies used and match outcomes. Results: The main findings of this study include an in-depth understanding of the patterns of strategies and tactics applied by professional badminton athletes. Analysis of match data provided insights into the key factors influencing match outcomes, while performance metrics opened up opportunities for objectively evaluating athletes' skills. Significant variation in athlete performance metrics was also found, highlighting the complexity of assessing and improving the performance of badminton athletes. Conclusion: By integrating match data and performance metrics, this study significantly contributes to understanding tactics and strategy in professional badminton. Practical implications involve the development of more targeted training methods, taking into account these findings to improve athletes' readiness for high-level competition. This study also provides a basis for further research, highlighting the importance of exploring the potential for developing more effective strategies and tactics in professional badminton. Keywords: Professional badminton, Tactics and strategy analysis, Match data, Athlete performance metrics, Systematic review

Pengaruh Harga Dan Kualitas Pelayanan Terhadap Kepuasan Pelanggan Dan Dampaknya Terhadap Citra PT. Sucofindo

The high level of competition and the increasingly advanced era requires companies to be more innovative in adapting to changes that have occurred. The ups and downs of the company often occur along with changes in environmental conditions around it. In addition, the influence of government regulations can also affect the dynamics of competition in these sectors. With the implementation of good service quality, it is hoped that customer satisfaction will be achieved which will certainly have an impact on the development of PT Sucofindo in the future. The objectives of this study are: (1) To determine the effect of price on customer satisfaction in using PT Sucofindo's services. (2) To determine the effect of service quality on customer satisfaction in using PT Sucofindo's services. (3) To determine the effect of price on the brand image of PT Sucofindo's services. (4) To determine the effect of service quality on the brand image of PT Sucofindo. (5) To determine the effect of customer satisfaction on the brand image of PT Sucofindo. (6) To determine the mediation of customer satisfaction on the effect of price on the brand image of PT Sucofindo. (7) To determine the mediation of customer satisfaction on the effect of service quality on the brand image of PT Sucofindo. In this study, data processing and analysis used the Partial Least Square (PLS) approach. PLS is a Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) model based on components or variants. While PLS is more of a predictive model. Data analysis in this study is Outer Model Analysis, Inner Model, and Hypothesis Testing. Based on the results of the analysis, it shows that: (1) Price does not affect Customer Satisfaction; (2) Service Quality affects Customer Satisfaction; (3) Price affects Brand Image; (4) Service Quality affects Brand Image; (5) Customer Satisfaction affects Brand Image; (6) Mediating customer satisfaction on the influence of price on brand image has no effect; and (7) Mediating customer satisfaction on the influence of price on brand image has an effect. It can be concluded that the variables of Service Quality and Customer Satisfaction affect the brand image of PT. Sucofindo.

Competition, Product differentiation and Crises: Evidence from 18 million securitized loans

RMBS sponsors contributed to the rise of new product features in securitized mortgages prior to the 2008 financial crisis. Using a regulatory shock to sponsor competition , we show securitization influences the design of mortgage contracts, empirically demonstrating a unique, feedback loop of product differentiation from the derived security (MBS) to the underlying asset (loans). Product differentiation in Prime MBS collateral rises faster than that of non-prime in the early boom period (2000–2004), a strategic choice by MBS sponsors in the face of increasing competition. At very high levels of competition, product differentiation targets non-prime (marginal) borrowers. We develop a theoretical framework for sponsor-induced product differentiation that explains these empirical findings.

B - 21 11-Year Longitudinal Study of a Competitive Swimmer Following a Severe TBI

Abstract Objective Symptoms of severe traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) are oftentimes significant, long lasting, and treated by a variety of medications and therapies. Although exercise is known to be beneficial for brain health, the effects of substantial exercise on recovery following severe TBI (sTBI) in female athletes are undiscovered. Method This case study examines a 51-year-old woman who sustained a sTBI, involving multiple hemorrhagic contusions to the right cerebellum, inferior bilateral frontal lobes, anterior left temporal lobe, and diffuse axonal injury on 8/5/13 from a bicycle accident, resulting in a 13-day coma and cognitive impairment. She underwent 6 brain surgeries, an artificial skull implant and intensive therapies. Before the accident, she was a competitive swimmer and triathlon racer. Despite being told that she would never swim again, she resumed swimming on 09/1/14. She swims 6 days a week for 90-minutes a day, winning open water races. Results Examination from four neuropsychological assessments over 11 years provide substantial longitudinal data. Results revealed improvement over the 4 testing periods particularly on processing speed, verbal fluency, and Boston Naming Test with t-score differences ranging between 8 and 24. Additionally, she performed in the average range on General Abilities Index, NAB Mazes, and Trail Making Test across all four assessments. Conclusion This longitudinal case study provides evidence that extensive swimming is associated with cognitive recovery from sTBI in a female athlete and documents her return to high level exercise and competition. Evidence suggests that carefully tailored and monitored exercise programs can benefit long term cognitive following from sTBI.

Stocking density at feeders and drinkers and temporal feed restriction affects dairy cows' drinking behavior

Water is an essential resource for dairy cows and its consumption is closely linked to feed intake. Social competition can lead to changes in drinking behavior, especially for subordinate cows. We studied how changes in stocking density at the feeder (varied between 1 or 2 cows per feeder), and drinker (varied between 6 or 12 cows per drinker) and a temporal feed restriction (14 or 24 h access) impacts drinking in 4 groups of 6 cows each, following a Latin Square design. Within each group of 6 focal cows, we recorded drinking behavior and 2 were identified as most dominant, 2 as most subordinate, and the 2 others as intermediate, based on success in agonistic interactions at the drinker. Cows drank less water when feed availability was restricted (on average 5.3 L/d less ± 3.4; 4.5% average difference). Subordinate cows also spent less time drinking when overstocked (9.3 min/d less ± 6.7; 24.3% difference). During treatments with more competition, cows were more likely to be observed drinking in the hours after the peak in drinking observed for the control treatment. A high level of competition among group-housed animals is considered a welfare problem and can lead to injuries and reduced production. Our findings provide evidence that feed restriction and higher stocking density of cows at the drinker and feeders changes the drinking behavior of cows, with subordinate animals experiencing more pronounced effects.

Food composition and trophic niches of blue swimming crab (Portunus pelagicus, 1758) in Madura Strait, Pamekasan, East Java

Abstract Blue swimming crab (Portunus pelagicus) is the main fishery commodity in the Madura Strait, Pamekasan Regency. The sustainability of the crab depends on the suitability of the habitat and the availability of food in the waters. This study aims to analyze the food composition and trophic niches of blue swimming crab in the Madura Strait, Pamekasan Regency. Sampling was conducted using the simple random sampling technique. The analysis included composition of the collection based on length frequency distribution, gastric fullness index, trophic niche area, food niche overlap, crab food composition, and growth (carapace width-weight relationship, and condition factor). The results of the index study showed that the index of stomach content of the female was generally greater than that of the male. Blue swimming crab is classified as a carnivore with the main food being fish. The overlap of the niches of male and female crabs of 0.9328 indicates a high level of competition for food. The male crab has a negative allometric growth pattern, while the female crab has a positive allometric growth pattern. The condition of the crab factor in each month of observation is greater than 0.5 indicating the availability of food and water conditions suitable for crab life.

Особливості бізнес-планування у сфері гостинності

The article concentrates on the evolving context of business planning in the hospitality industry, exploring flexible strategies for addressing the negative industry-wide factors that have an impact. The hospitality industry is subject to several operational factors, including revenue generation, cost management, human resources, and marketing, which are influenced by seasonal variations. This necessitates the implementation of strategies to mitigate the impact of fluctuating demand. The high level of competition in the hospitality sector requires a clear competitive advantage, which may be achieved through factors such as location, the provision of high-quality service, innovative design, or a thematic focus. These factors must be strategically employed to distinguish businesses from one another. External factors, including economic conditions, political stability, and environmental risks, significantly influence the hospitality industry. Implementing robust scenario planning, risk management, and service diversification strategies is essential to mitigate these risks. Financial planning is critical to business planning and success, as financial obligations in the hospitality industry underscore the importance of a comprehensive investment analysis. The hospitality industry’s primary asset is its human capital. , strategies should be employed to create a positive working environment, invest in staff training, and implement incentive programs to attract, develop, and retain talent. Guests’ safety and maintaining a positive reputation for hospitality establishments are contingent upon monitoring reviews, responding to negative comments, and utilizing a positive image. The study highlights the necessity for an integrated methodology to be employed in planning business operations within the hospitality sector. Keywords: business planning, hotel and restaurant complex, hospitality industry, stages of organizational culture formation, business.

Корпоративна культура та її вплив на розвиток підприємства

The work examines and defines the essence of the “corporate culture of an enterprise” and defines this economic category. It has been established that corporate culture is a tool of organizational activity, with the help of which the enterprise forms its successes and achievements, as well as employees’ reactions to these achievements through the ideas, values, and thoughts that prevail within the team. It is noted that the management of the enterprise should adjust and adapt the methods of conducting corporate culture to the values and priorities of the personnel of their enterprises. After all, human capital plays the leading role in the efficient operation of the enterprise. The stages of implementation of corporate culture at enterprises are presented. It has been established that management, when planning the stages of corporate culture implementation at enterprises, should consider the atmosphere that has developed within the team, and from this, already determine fundamental values and beliefs, form norms of behavior and standards of the enterprise, and implement motivational measures for its employees. The principles of corporate culture are defined. General and principles of corporate culture are distinguished. The importance of using the principles of the corporate culture of enterprises, which provide for the consistency of the tasks of the mission and the strategic goals of development of both personnel and the enterprise, which will ensure a high level of competitiveness in a changing environment, is substantiated. It is proved that during the period of the Russian-Ukrainian war, it is necessary to consider both the internal factors of the development of corporate culture and the changes that take place in society, and only such an approach will ensure the balance of all participants in market relations. The influence of corporate culture on the development of the enterprise was studied. Factors influencing the corporate culture of the enterprise are considered. Keywords: corporate culture, enterprise, development, stages, influence, personnel, essence.

Методичний підхід до оцінювання соціальної відповідальності підприємства в умовах інноваційності бізнесу

The article is devoted to developing a methodological approach to assessing the social responsibility of an enterprise in the context of business innovation. It is noted that corporate social responsibility (CSR) is a dynamic process of innovation that transforms social needs into new business opportunities. CSR can be considered a set of states that reflect the constant renewal and improvement of an enterprise’s social practices. In the context of innovative business, social responsibility acts as a strategic direction of development that allows an enterprise to achieve economic goals and solve urgent social problems that contribute to creating a sustainable competitive advantage through satisfying social needs. It is proved that CSR acts as an evolutionary characteristic of a business entity that requires systematic monitoring to determine the adequacy of its manifestations and is integrated into the system of indicators of sustainable development of enterprises, covering economic, environmental, and social aspects of the functioning of the enterprise, and is reflected in the results of regular dialogue with external stakeholders. As an integral part of strategic management, SVP is subject to constant updating and adaptation to changes in the external environment, and the procedure for determining its level is proposed to be carried out according to the appropriate algorithm, which allows making final decisions on a set of measures to increase the level of SVP. An object-subject approach to the mechanism for forming information support for social responsibility of transport enterprises in the context of business innovation is substantiated, which allows considering this approach as the interaction of various elements of the system, determining the main subjects and their functions, identifying objects of information support, determining mechanisms for interaction between subjects and objects, ensuring effective communication between all stakeholders on issues of social responsibility and using the information obtained to make informed decisions on the further development of social responsibility of enterprises. Conclusions. The proposed methodological approach to assessing the social responsibility of enterprises is an integral part of modern business (especially in the context of its innovativeness), as it allows for an objective assessment of the social responsibility of enterprises regardless of their size, creates a basis for comparison, which helps enterprises identify their strengths and weaknesses in the social sphere, develop effective strategies for ensuring a high level of competitiveness, which contributes to the sustainable development of enterprises. Keywords: enterprise, social responsibility, stakeholders, approach, business innovativeness.

Electoral competition, electoral uncertainty and corruption: Theory and evidence from India

In this paper we study the effect of electoral competition on corruption when uncertainty in elections is high, as is the case in many developing countries. Our theory shows that in such a context high levels of electoral competition may have perverse effects on corruption. We illustrate the predictions of the model with village level data on audit-detected irregularities and electoral competition from India. Our results imply that accountability can be weak in such contexts, despite high electoral competition.

Discrimination or a Competitive Climate? Why Women Cannot Translate Their Better High School Grades into University Grades

While girls have better grades than boys in high school, this does not translate into better performance of young women, as compared to young men, in university. Due to the high signalling value of university grades for subsequent income and employment outcomes, this has important consequences for gender inequalities at labour market entry. However, previous studies have not yet examined the potential barriers that might limit women’s ability to maintain their previous academic achievement at the university level. Drawing on the nation-wide Student Survey, this study addresses this shortcoming by investigating perceived discrimination against women and perceived competition among students as two potential correlates. Our findings first confirm that while girls have better grades in high school than boys, this has reversed at the university level. Further, high school grades are less strongly correlated with university grades for girls compared to boys. Our results highlight that young women perceive there to be more discrimination against women as well as higher levels of competition within their field of study, than do their male peers. The study further demonstrates that an increased level of perceived discrimination is strongly associated with lower university performance for young women, thereby plausibly hindering their ability to reach their full academic potential.

Defining elite esports athletes: a scoping review

ABSTRACT In this scoping review, we aimed to (1) provide clarity on terms used to describe elite esport samples, (2) identify the indicators used to describe elite esport samples, (3) collate rationales provided for defining esports samples as elite, and (4) draw conclusions on how to define elite esport samples. Electronic database and manual searches conducted for the final time in March 2024 yielded 7,802 records. Sixty-three studies published since 2012, with 1,768 e’athletes, satisfied the eligibility criteria and were included in the review. In total, 71% of the studies did not define ‘elite’ when classifying their samples. In the remaining studies, elite esport samples were defined through four categories: (1) highest level of competition, (2) professional status, (3) in-game achievement, and (4) domain experience. Of the 63 studies, 29 classified their samples as elite through one category, and 34 included justifications incorporating two or more categories. We propose a 2-step working elite classification system for esports samples that considers a player's highest level of competition and success at that level. Furthermore, we propose a set of reporting guidelines for elite e'athletes, which encourages researchers to unpack: (1) the success of the e’athletes, and (2) the prominence of the esport. HIGHLIGHTS There was a significant incongruity in the terminology used to classify high-level esports samples and inconsistent justifications for why the sample was elite. A 2-step elite classification system for esports samples that considers the player's highest level of competition and success at that level is proposed to help researchers classify their samples. We propose a set of reporting guidelines for elite esport athletes, which advises researchers to unpack: (1) the success of the athletes, and (2) the prominence of the esports.

Dynamic Feature Focusing Network for small object detection

Deep learning has driven research in object detection and achieved proud results. Despite its significant advancements in object detection, small object detection still struggles with low recognition rates and inaccurate positioning, primarily attributable to their miniature size. The location deviation of small objects induces severe feature misalignment, and the disequilibrium between classification and regression tasks hinders accurate recognition. To address these issues, we propose a Dynamic Feature Focusing Network (DFFN), which contains a duo of crucial modules: Visual Perception Enhancement Module (VPEM) and Task Association Module (TAM). Drawing upon the deformable convolution and attention mechanism, the VPEM concentrates on sparse key features and perceives the misalignment via positional offset. We aggregate multi-level features at identical spatial locations via layer average operation for learning a more discriminative representation. Incorporating class alignment and bounding box alignment parts, the TAM promotes classification ability, refines bounding box regression, and facilitates the joint learning of classification and localization. We conduct diverse experiments, and the proposed method considerably enhances the small object detection performance on four benchmark datasets of MS COCO, VisDrone, VOC, and TinyPerson. Our method has improved by 3.4 and 2.2 in mAP and APs, making solid improvements on COCO. Compared to other classic detection models, DFFN exhibits a high level of competitiveness in precision.

Central environmental protection inspection, green technology innovation and carbon intensity of industrial enterprises – Empirical research based on multi-period differences-in-differences model

As a major institutional innovation of China's environmental governance system, weather the Central Environmental Protection Inspection (CEPI) can reduce carbon intensity is still unclear. This research takes 18,728 company-year sample observations of Chinese industrial A-share listed companies from 2009 to 2020 as the research object (CSMAR and CNRDS databases are used). Multi-period Differences-in-Differences model approach is employed to investigate the mechanisms through which the CEPI affects carbon intensity governance in industrial enterprises, the heterogeneous effects of CEPI are explored at macro, meso and micro levels. CEPI reduces the carbon dioxide emissions of industrial enterprises by 0.028 tons per 10,000 yuan of output value, CEPI achieves carbon intensity governance effect by incentivizing companies to enhance the quantity and the quality of green technological innovation. High level of public environmental oversight and industry competition, as well as nature of state-owned enterprises facilitate the CEPI's role in promoting the reduction of enterprise carbon intensity. The findings provide practical insights for driving green technological innovation among enterprises. Some policy implications are proposed. CEPI should be regulated to strengthen the environmental governance responsibilities of local governments and incentivize industrial enterprises to improve the quantity and quality of green technological innovation and reduce carbon intensity.