High Level Of Attention Research Articles

A comprehensive analysis on the effects of signal strategies, intersection geometry, and traffic operation factors on right-turn crashes at signalised intersections: An application of hierarchical crash frequency model

Right-turn movements (equivalent to left turn movements for countries that drive on the right) at intersections are among the most complex driving maneuvers and require a high level of attention for turning across (potentially) oncoming traffic by accepting a safe gap. Not surprisingly, right-turn-involved crashes are one of the most frequent collision types at intersections (e.g., 42% of all signalised intersection crashes in Queensland, Australia). Unfortunately, the causes and contributing factors to right-turn crashes are not well understood, particularly the effect of right-turn signal strategies on the crash risk. In the safety literature, signal strategies are coarsely considered in two generic categories-protected right-turns and permitted right-turns. In reality, right-turn signal strategies could be of various types (usually 5) based on the level of intersection complexity and potential traffic conflicts. The effects of these signal strategies, along with the geometric and traffic factors, have not been well studied. To fill this gap, this study investigates the effects of right-turn signal strategies, intersection geometry and traffic operations factors on right-turn crashes at signalised intersections. To achieve this aim, crash frequency models were estimated using crash data from 221 signalised intersections in Queensland from the years spanning 2012 to 2018. Hierarchical Poisson Regression Models (random intercept models) were employed to capture the hierarchical structure of influences on crashes, with upper-level capturing intersection characteristics and lower-level capturing approach characteristics. The hierarchical model structure, disaggregate exposure variables, and signal strategies examined in this study give rise to an entirely unique study in the literature.

Identifying Recall Under Sedation by a Novel EEG Based Index of Attention-A Pilot Study.

OverviewRecall is an accepted consequence of sedation. But due to the very low prevalence of the more devastating awareness under anesthesia (AUA), it might be of value to assess first the efficacy of new markers for AUA by their efficacy in discovering the more prevalent recall under sedation (RUS). In this pilot study we assessed whether a novel index for attentional effort, the cognitive effort index (CEI), derived in real-time from one forehead EEG channel, could differentiate between patients with or without RUS.MethodsEEG was sampled from 2 groups: (1) Patients who underwent deep sedation (n = 25) (using drugs according to the anesthesiologist preference, but generally combining either Midazolam or Propofol together with either Fentanyl or Remifentanil). (2) Patients who underwent general anesthesia (GA, n = 13, a negative control for recall). In recovery, recall was assessed using the BRICE questionnaire.ResultsOf the 25 sedated patients, 11 experienced recall. The CEI marker was high during significantly longer periods in patients with recall, compared to sedated patients, or patients under GA, without recall. Moreover, the increase in CEI was evident mainly toward the end of the procedure.ConclusionRUS seems to associate with higher level of attention, which is identified in real-time by the easy-to-extract CEI marker.

A wavelet-based capsule neural network for ECG biometric identification

Electrocardiogram (ECG) signals have received a high level of attention from the biometric research community due to their unique nature for each person, which makes them suitable for developing accurate and reliable human identification systems. Although most existing ECG-based biometric recognition methods have received prominent results, several consecutive heartbeat segments are used in their approaches to achieve high accuracy, which is challenging to apply in biometric systems deployed in real-world applications. This paper proposes a new approach for human identification via ECG, based on a combination of Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT), Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) along with a novel kind of deep learning technique known as Capsule network. The CWT is used to transform a single heartbeat signal into the time–frequency domain, and the DWT is adopted to extract spectral information of 2D frequency-time scalogram images to further improve accuracy. The discrete wavelet coefficients are then used as input to the capsule network promoting the recognition performance due to its high learning capacities. To support real-life practicality of ECG biometric identification system, the effectiveness and efficiency of our approach were evaluated over four databases that include normal and abnormal ECG records: PTB Diagnosis ECG (PTB), MIT-BIH Arrhythmia, MIT-BIH Normal Sinus Rhythm (NSRDB), and the MIT-BIH ST Change (STDB) databases. Experimental results demonstrate that our proposed method was able to achieve high identification accuracies and outperforming other state-of-the-art methods, by achieving an accuracy of 99.5%, 98.1%, 98.2%, and 100% on the PTB, MIT-BIH arrhythmia, STDB, and NSRDB respectively. Furthermore, the approach showed very good generalization ability since the training and test sets were completely different, which demonstrates the feasibility to promote the application of our approach in practice.

Attention Map-Guided Visual Explanations for Deep Neural Networks

Deep neural network models perform well in a variety of domains, such as computer vision, recommender systems, natural language processing, and defect detection. In contrast, in areas such as healthcare, finance, and defense, deep neural network models, due to their lack of explainability, are not trusted by users. In this paper, we focus on attention-map-guided visual explanations for deep neural networks. We employ an attention mechanism to find the most important region of an input image. The Grad-CAM method is used to extract the feature map for deep neural networks, and then the attention mechanism is used to extract the high-level attention maps. The attention map, which highlights the important region in the image for the target class, can be seen as a visual explanation of a deep neural network. We evaluate our method using two common metrics: average drop and percentage increase. For a more effective experiment, we also propose a new metric to evaluate our method. The experiments were carried out to show that the proposed method works better than the state-of-the-art explainable artificial intelligence method. Our approach can provide a lower average drop and higher percent increase when compared to other methods and find a more explanatory region, especially in the first twenty percent region of the input image.

E-Health Applications and Data Protection: a comparison of selected European Union members’ national legal systems

In a context of constant evolutions and digitalization of the world, the health industry is one of the most relevant areas of innovation, especially with the development of countless types of electronic health (e-health) applications such as electronic health records or health applications on mobile devices. Furthermore, as data is becoming increasingly valuable, patients’ health data, in particular, require the highest level of attention as it is vastly confidential and stored in massive amounts in e-health applications. Along with the development of new technologies, law is deemed to follow for regulating it. This implies that law must act as a protector for health data.Within the European Union, the issue of data protection has been dealt with by the European Commission notably through the General Data Protection Act (GDPR) in 2018, but it is each country’s responsibility to deal with new technologies in health, implement and apply data protection to health data.Thus, it is relevant to compare how European countries deal with health data managing issues in e-health applications from a legal perspective and evaluate how efficient they are. For the purpose of this research, only three types of health applications will be compared as a sample, including electronic health records, electronic prescriptions and mobile health applications.

The paradox of pulmonary arterial hypertension in Italy in the COVID-19 era: is risk of disease progression around the corner?

ObjectiveThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak has led to significant restrictions on routine medical care. We conducted a multicentre nationwide survey of patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) to determine the consequences of governance measures on PAH management and risk of poor outcome in patients with COVID-19.Materials and methodsThe present study, which included 25 Italian centres, considered demographic data, the number of in-person visits, 6-min walk and echocardiographic test results, brain natriuretic peptide/N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide test results, World Health Organization functional class assessment, presence of elective and non-elective hospitalisation, need for treatment escalation/initiation, newly diagnosed PAH, incidence of COVID-19 and mortality rates. Data were collected, double-checked and tracked by institutional records between March 1 and May 1, 2020, to coincide with the first peak of COVID-19 and compared with the same time period in 2019.ResultsAmong 1922 PAH patients, the incidences of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and COVID-19 were 1.0% and 0.46%, respectively, with the latter comparable to that in the overall Italian population (0.34%) but associated with 100% mortality. Less systematic activities were converted into more effective remote interfacing between clinicians and PAH patients, resulting in lower rates of hospitalisation (1.2% versus 1.9%) and related death (0.3% versus 0.5%) compared with 2019 (p<0.001). A high level of attention is needed to avoid the potential risk of disease progression related to less aggressive escalation of treatment and the reduction in new PAH diagnoses compared with 2019.ConclusionA cohesive partnership between healthcare providers and regional public health officials is needed to prioritise PAH patients for remote monitoring by dedicated tools.

Tracking attentional states: Assessing the relationship between sustained and selective focused attention in visual working memory.

Attention has multiple influences on visual working memory (VWM). Fluctuations in sustained attention predict VWM performance. Furthermore, focusing selective attention in VWM by retro-cuing the to-be-tested item during maintenance boosts retrieval. So far, we lack knowledge how the ability to focus selective attention relates to the state of sustained attention during the VWM trial. Here, we combined a retro-cue task and a self-rated attention protocol to test whether focusing selective attention via retro-cues: (1) mitigates spontaneous attention fluctuations, in which case retro-cues should be more helpful under low levels of self-rated attention; (2) depends on an optimal state of sustained attention, in which case retro-cue benefits should be largest under high levels of self-rated attention; or (3) is independent of sustained attention, in which case retro-cue benefits and self-rated attention effects should be additive. Our data supported the additive hypothesis. Across four experiments, self-rated attention levels predicted continuous reproduction of colors. Retro-cue trials produced better recall and higher rated attention. Critically, retro-cues improved recall to a similar extent across all levels of self-rated attention. This indicates that attention has multi-faceted and independent contributions to VWM.

Attention module improves both performance and interpretability of four-dimensional functional magnetic resonance imaging decoding neural network.

Decoding brain cognitive states from neuroimaging signals is an important topic in neuroscience. In recent years, deep neural networks (DNNs) have been recruited for multiple brain state decoding and achieved good performance. However, the open question of how to interpret the DNN black box remains unanswered. Capitalizing on advances in machine learning, we integrated attention modules into brain decoders to facilitate an in‐depth interpretation of DNN channels. A four‐dimensional (4D) convolution operation was also included to extract temporo‐spatial interaction within the fMRI signal. The experiments showed that the proposed model obtains a very high accuracy (97.4%) and outperforms previous researches on the seven different task benchmarks from the Human Connectome Project (HCP) dataset. The visualization analysis further illustrated the hierarchical emergence of task‐specific masks with depth. Finally, the model was retrained to regress individual traits within the HCP and to classify viewing images from the BOLD5000 dataset, respectively. Transfer learning also achieves good performance. Further visualization analysis shows that, after transfer learning, low‐level attention masks remained similar to the source domain, whereas high‐level attention masks changed adaptively. In conclusion, the proposed 4D model with attention module performed well and facilitated interpretation of DNNs, which is helpful for subsequent research.

State‐of‐the‐Art Advances, Development, and Challenges of Metal Oxide Semiconductor Nanomaterials for Photothermal Solar Steam Generation

AbstractSolar steam generation has drawn high levels of attention from the research community in recent years due to its wide application and abundantly available energy source—sunlight. To the best of the author's knowledge, a specialized overview of photothermal semiconductor solar steam generation has not been conducted to date. In this review, the recently reported solar evaporators using metal oxide semiconductors as the photoabsorber material are investigated, from the perspective of nanostructure, synthesis method, and installation method. A timeline sequence map is generated with the CiteSpace analysis tool to visualize the trend of metal oxide semiconductors as photoabsorbers. The nanostructure of metal oxide semiconductor is emphasized, due to its significant effect on regulating photothermal efficiency in solar steam generation. In addition, other considerations are suggested to enable a fair evaluation of future synthesized photoabsorbers, including cost, stability, reproducibility, recyclability, and regenerative ability. A brief summary of divergent application of solar steam generation is conducted to show the merits of solar steam generation, as well to provide insights for production of photoabsorbers targeted to varying usage and scenarios. Furthermore, the challenges and opportunities of metal oxide solar steam generation system are elaborated from the viewpoint of the authors, with the aim to provide useful insights for future development of photothermal solar steam generation.

Review of studies published on the medicinal importance of different parts of Citrullus lanatus in the last ten years

Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus), (CL) is an edible fruit of Cucurbitaceae family. It is cultivated worldwide for it is nutritive and medicinal values. The records of online scientific publications on CL were accessed using Google, Google Scholar, PubMed, science.gov, Scopus, and Worldwide science as search engines, were collected from January 2010 to April 2021 and analyzed using descriptive statis tics. Emphasis was placed on phytochemical, proximate, antioxidant, and pharmacological published articles on different parts of CL during this period. A total of 121 published articles that focused on different parts of CL in the last ten years were retrieved with phytochemicals 17.4% (21), proximate 7.4% (9), antioxidants 6.6% (8), pharmacology 68.6% (83). The pharmacology field was subdivided into antimicrobial 14.9% (18), cardioprotective 10.2% (13), reproduction 9.2% (12), toxicology and hepatoprotective 6.6% (8) each, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory 5.8%, neuroprotective 3.3% (4), anthelmintics (0.8%). Considering publications on different parts of CL, the seed received the highest attention with 42.1% (51) followed by fruits 35.5% (43), rind 18.1% (22), leaf 2.5% (3) while the least was whole fruit 1.7% (2). It was observed in this review on published articles that the CL fruits received the highest level of attention considering the phytochemicals, proximate, and antioxidant components to exhibit good antimicrobial potentials. While the CL leaf receivedlittle attention on antimicrobial ability. Also, different parts exhibited cardioprotective, reproduction, toxicology, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory activities, anti-ulcerative efficacy due to phytochemicals, antioxidant, and proximate constituents in different parts of CL. It is worth noting that neuroprotective, hepatoprotective, antidiabetic, and anthelmintics effects of different parts of CL received little attention. While there is still dearth of information on use of different parts of CL on cancer investigations and use. This scientific review on different parts of CL had highlighted knowledge gap that still exists on different parts of CL.

The effects of digital game-based learning on children’s Chinese language learning, attention and self-efficacy

ABSTRACT This quasi-experimental study examined the effects of digital game-based learning (DGBL) on elementary-school students’ Chinese language learning, self-efficacy and attention. In total, 126 fourth-graders participated in the study for 6 weeks. Two digital games with different mechanisms (completion-contingent and performance-contingent rewards) that integrated content from the fourth-grade Chinese language-arts curriculum were developed. Data on attention were collected from wearable electroencephalographic sensors while participants played the games. Students’ playing behaviours were coded into five patterns. Students in the DGBL groups outperformed those in the control group in Chinese language-arts learning. Different game mechanisms had significant positive effects on children’s attention and self-efficacy. The performance-contingent reward game significantly enhanced students’ attention, and the completion-contingent reward game significantly enhanced their emotions and confidence in the Chinese language arts. The performance of more leaning behaviours in the DGBL environment was associated with higher Chinese language-arts achievement scores, especially among players with high levels of attention and self-efficacy during game play. These findings support the effectiveness of DGBL in enhancing students’ Chinese language learning.

Transformational Leadership and its Impact on Exploratory and Exploitative Innovation: Field Study of Jordanian Detergent Manufacturing Companies

The study objective to examine the impact of the transformational leadership on the explorative innovation and exploitative innovation. The study adopted three dimensions for the transformational leadership namely: Individual considerations, inspirational impact and the intellectual stimulation whilst employee’s two innovation dimensions were adopted for innovation which the exploratory innovation and exploitative innovation. The study was conducted on a sample consisting of (167) employees in (10) Jordanian Detergents Manufacturing Companies, from whom the necessary particulars were collected for the study through a questionnaire method which was developed by the researchers subsequent to review of numerous previous studies. The study used the analytical descriptive method and using the SPSS statistical program. The study concluded the existence of high levels for utilizing the transformational leadership dimensions by the leaders in these companies in addition to the existence of high and balanced levels of attention in the exploratory and exploitative innovation together with the existence of a higher proportionate attention in favor of the exploratory innovation. The study recommended of the necessity of continued and balanced attention of the two types of exploratory and exploitative innovation

Actions in the spotlight: Differential effects of corporate social responsibility actions on organizational celebrity

AbstractWhile the financial value of corporate social responsibility (CSR) has been thoroughly addressed in extant research, scholars have yet to fully explore the mechanisms through which CSR benefits the firm. Social approval assets, such as reputation or legitimacy, represent one mechanism through which CSR actions generate idiosyncratic value among stakeholders that is likely to lead to superior firm performance. The present study introduces a new social approval asset, organizational celebrity, to the CSR literature and proposes how CSR actions can be leveraged to generate high levels of attention and positive emotional resonance among stakeholders. In doing so, the model provides insight into how organizational celebrity is formed via distinctive CSR actions that generate media attention and emotional resonance among stakeholders. The conceptual model extends existing work integrating CSR as a key antecedent to the development of social approval assets as key intangible resources for the firm.

Successes and challenges of the Home-grown School Feeding Program in Sidama Region, Southern Ethiopia: a qualitative study.

The Home-grown School Feeding Program (HG-SFP) is a model designed to provide school meals to students using foods sourced from local markets. HG-SFP recently has been incorporated as one of the strategies of educational development in Ethiopia aiming to address hunger and food insecurity problems of school children. Yet, evaluation of the successes and challenges of the program has been limited evaluated. The purpose of the present study was to explore the successes and challenges of the SFP in Sidama Region, Southern Ethiopia. This exploratory qualitative study collected data from eight schools targeted for HG-SFP through key informant interviews and focus group discussions (FGDs). A total of sixteen FGDs and twenty-one in-depth interviews were conducted. Purposive sampling was used to include study participants based on their potential relevance in delivering in-depth information. The findings of the present study showed that HG-SFP was successful in improving class attendance and academic performance of school children. In addition, the program had a contribution in saving the parents' money and time as a result of the food provided. With regard to SFP challenges, lack of permanent clean water provision, delay in ration delivery, poor-quality food provision, inadequate amount of food allocated for the academic year, lack of necessary infrastructure for the program, and lack of training in sanitation and hygiene for cooks were among the major challenges identified. Therefore, program challenges need high-level attention in order to make the school feeding program more successful in Sidama Region, Ethiopia.

Роль нейротрофического фактора мозга (BDNF) в физической активности (обзор)

The review focuses on one of the brain-derived neurotrophic factors (BDNF) and its role in human physical activity. BDNF is a protein found in many areas of the brain including, e.g., the hippocampal cortex. The paper provides evidence that BDNF is instrumental in the development (e. g., in cell differentiation, cell migration to a specific location, growth of dendrites, synaptogenesis), survival and maintenance of neuron activity. The paper describes the mechanisms of BDNF synthesis. It is shown that this neurotrophic factor is present in microglial cells, lymphocytes, monocytes, and skeletal muscle cells. It can also cross the blood-brain barrier. It is a critical component in the origin of long-term potentiation-related changes in synapses. BDNF helps maintain high levels of concentration and attention and may play a role in protecting the brain from damage. Decreased blood levels of BDNF in newborns may increase the risk of developing ASD, ADHD, post-traumatic stress disorder, and bipolar disorder. Learning and memory processes are associated with structural changes in dendritic spines in the hippocampus, cortex, and amygdala, and BDNF modulates the number and structure of dendritic spines both during the development and in the adult brain. Physical activity increases the level of BDNF in several ways. One of these mechanisms is associated with lactate, which appears as a result of human physical activity, and is also the most important signaling molecule. The higher the lactate level, the higher the BDNF level. The improvement in cognitive function after physical activity has also been attributed to high serum levels of BDNF.

An Evangelizing Perspective on the Eucharist

An Evangelizing Perspective on the Eucharist Frank Desiano, C.S.P. (bio) We have different ways of emphasizing images for the Eucharist. One standard discussion sees the Eucharist as a sacrifice, requiring a high level of quiet and attention; on the other hand, the Eucharist can rightly be considered a meal in which believers share. In this case, the dimensions of community and communication are essential. A ritual sacrifice sends out certain vibrations; a celebration sends out other vibrations. To some extent, the various liturgical "wars" we sometimes hear about revolve around these different images and the difficulty of resolving them. Should the emphasis be on "reverence," often meaning silent attention; or should the emphasis be on gathering and involvement, often meaning interaction between the participants? Beyond these two familiar images, another image needs to be developed: that of the Mass as an evangelization service. These kinds of services are now quite familiar to people in almost all cultures: animated music, emphatic welcome, a warm sense of community, solemn reading of scripture, a very powerful (and perhaps extended) sermon, followed by more singing and the receiving of gifts. At the end of this service, the minister traditionally invites new participants who wish to "give their lives to Jesus" to come forward. These people come forward, usually accompanied by one or several members of the congregation, with tearful sobs, as the minister embraces them. They are then accompanied to a separate space where counselors talk with them, helping them discern next steps. Meanwhile, the worshippers applaud these conversions and proceed to a rousing dismissal hymn. In Catholic circles, these kinds of services are often derided as "entertainment," certainly an un-ecumenical judgment because, in the first place, none of those participants would call what they do "entertainment," and, more pressingly, an adjective like this serves mostly to dismiss the experience of others. Just as Catholics resent being characterized as "image worshippers," and find the term derogatory, so those [End Page 167] who worship in an evangelical style should resent their service as being called "entertainment." The style of celebrating Mass, with an emphasis on silence and ritual, is that: a style. We have had decades of experiencing popes visit all continents; no one objects to the elaborate processions, the passionate singing, the occasional applause, the enculturated dancing and musical instruments. No one dismisses these as "mere entertainment" either. This article will not argue about styles, even though these should be seen as essentially that, "styles" which put the particular liturgy into a context. The frequent intolerance of styles of worship often reflects an all-too-willingness of Catholics to judge other Catholics. This has often resulted in the Eucharist being celebrated across parishes with a desire "not to offend anyone," thereby depriving parish communities of the ability to place distinctive emphases on aspects of their worship. Why is the applause that culturally suits some congregations often held up for criticism? If silence can be a response to "awe," so can applause, particularly when the applause basically is an overflow of the joy of the congregation (and not some acknowledgement of Pelagian talent on the part of preachers or music ministers). We all remember David dancing before the Arc (2 Sam. 6:3–5). The only one who resented David was Saul's daughter, Michal, for a variety of complex motives quite apart from David's enthusiasm. Rather than concentrating on styles, the emphasis of this reflection will be on the dynamics of worship. An evangelical worship services emphases call and response. The "call" involves the power of the Word of God to instill something analogous to conversion (e.g., renewal of faith experience, rejection of bad patterns in life, pointed insight, a powerful re-affirmation of thanks to God). The "response" involves a renewed commitment to discipleship through Eucharistic experience. After the reforms of the Second Vatican Council, the call-and-response pattern of the Mass became transparent. The defined "two parts" of the Mass (Word and Eucharist) naturally fit into patterns that evangelical services employ. It would be helpful, then, to look at the Eucharist from the evangelical dynamics of call and response. This involves peering behind the exterior ritual...

Video Game Interaction Related to Increased Present Attention in College Students

Abstract Action video games require a high level of attention and almost automatic psychomotor reactions from the player. Therefore, this study aims to verify the relationship between the amount of hours of interaction with action video games and private self-awareness and attention to the present moment. In total, 1,315 college students were recruited (M = 21.6 years; SD = 2.7), who responded to the Digital Entertainment and Information Use Questionnaire, the Self-Reflection and Insight Scale, and the Full Attention and Awareness Scale. Statistical analysis (Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn’s Post-Hoc Tests) indicated a relationship between hours of video game interaction, attention to the present, and self-reflection. It is concluded that playing action video games regularly and for a certain period of time is related to a lower predisposition to turn attention to oneself and to lower impulsivity, but to a higher disposition to focus on everyday experiences (attention to the present).

Cancelable ECG biometric based on combination of deep transfer learning with DNA and amino acid approaches for human authentication

Recently, electrocardiogram (ECG) signals have received a high level of attention as a physiological signal in the field of biometrics. It has presented great possibilities for its strength against counterfeit. However, the ECG feature templates are irreplaceable, and a compromised template implies a permanent loss of identity. Therefore, several studies have been introduced biometric template protection techniques such as cancelable techniques to protect the original template in case it is stolen or lost. In this research, a cancelable ECG approach is proposed to protect the ECG feature template for human authentication. In our system, we first employed some image processing techniques for preprocessing the input ECG signals. Then, a deep transfer learning approach is employed to extract the deep ECG features. Later, the proposed cancelable approach based on DNA and amino acid is applied to protect the deep feature templates. Lastly, a Support Vector Machine (SVM) is employed for authentication. Extensive experiments on two commonly used datasets coupled with comprehensive theoretical analysis demonstrate the highest accuracy of the proposed system and the strong resilience of the system to various security and privacy attacks. Results show that the proposed cancelable method meets all requirements of cancelable biometrics such as irreversibility, revocability, and unlinkability.

Abstract 11746: Prior Heart Failure Hospitalization and Effects of a Nurse-Led Disease Management Program to Reduce Readmission in Heart Failure

Background: Hospitalization due to heart failure (HF) is a strong predictor of adverse outcomes. This study sought to what extent previous HF admissions impacted on the success of a disease management program (DMP) to reduce readmission. Methods: We prospectively enrolled 1363 consecutive HF pts, who were followed for 3 months after discharge. Of these, 431 (31%) received a DMP (1-month duration, including post-discharge home visits, medication reconciliation, exercise guidance and early clinical review). Study outcomes were all-cause readmission or death at 30- and 90-day post-discharge. Previous HF admissions were collected from medical records. Results: Of the 1363 HF patients, death or readmission occurred in 386 (28%) at 30 days and 556 (41%) at 90-days post-discharge. Compared to 765 patients without any previous HF admission ever, the 143 patients with a previous HF admission &gt;12 months before the current admission had no higher risks of readmission or death at 30 days (relative risk) and 23% higher risks of readmission or death at 90 days. The 420 patients who had a previous HF admission ≤12 months from the current admission had higher risks of the composite outcome at both 30 and 90 days (Table). DMP was not associated with any reductions in risks of adverse outcomes at both 30 and 90 days among patients with a previous HF admission in ≤12 months, but was significantly associated with a reduction in risks at 30 and 90 days (Table) among those without any previous HF admission in ≤12 months. These findings were independent of HF severity, systolic and diastolic function, comorbidities, cognitive function and any demographic or socioeconomic factors. Conclusion: Higher levels of attention should be focused on HF patients with a recent prior HF admission who have higher risks of post-discharge adverse outcomes and appear to be non-responsive to a DMP to reduce readmission.

The high level of parents' attention in vocational school student career planning

This study aims to determine the attention of parents in student career planning. This type of research is quantitative with a descriptive approach. The population in this study were students of class X SMK, amounting to 231 people. The research sample was taken using purposive sampling technique by using the criteria of students who live with their parents. So that the sample size is 171 students. The instrument in this study was a Likert scale model with five alternative answers and a questionnaire containing statements about parental attention in student career planning. Data were analyzed using the Rasch Model application and using descriptive statistics. The results of the study show that the parental attention instrument is very good for measuring the parental attention that students have. In addition, the results also show that there are students who have parental attention who are in the medium, high, very high, and low categories.