Higher Levels Of Achievement Research Articles

Work Related Burnout among Psychiatrists: A Comparative Study

Introduction: Psychiatry has been consistently shown to be a profession characterized by ‘high-burnout’ due toeither workplace stressors or specific patient’s nature and condition, together with personal stresses. The waysof coping strategies to face work-related stressors usually determines the development and even the levels ofburnout which is known to be higher among those who adopt maladaptive coping compared to those who adoptadaptive coping strategies. Aim of work: To compare the burnout among psychiatrists verses non psychiatrists.Materials and methods: This comparative cross sectional study included psychiatrists, working in MansouraUniversity Hospital and Demirah Psychiatry Hospital during the period from September to November, 2017. Agroup of physicians were taken from the department of Rheumatology and Dermatology , Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University as a comparative group ; fulfilling the eligibility criteria. Data was collected usinga specially designed questionnaire covering sociodemographic data, educational and occupational historiesand history of exposure to workplace stresses as physical violence. Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI)questionnaire and The Ways of Coping Scale questionnaire were also performed. Results: The psychiatristsshowed statistically significant higher prevalence of moderate and high level of both emotional exhaustion anddepersonalization than non psychiatrists (83.6% vs 52.1% and 100.0% vs. 81.7%; respectively). Psychiatristsshowed statistically significant high coping scores than non psychiatrists regarding: seeking social support,planful problem-solving and positive reappraisal. Night shift is statistically higher among psychiatrists than thenon psychiatrists (50.7% vs. 25.4%; respectively). Conclusion: The prevalence of moderate and high level ofemotional exhaustion and depolarization is higher among psychiatrists than non psychiatrists and is associatedwith a significantly higher prevalence of high level of personal achievement among non psychiatrists .Thecommonest way of coping among psychiatrists is active coping.

Equity in education: the Israeli case

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is twofold. First, it examines the extent of equity in the academic achievement distribution by analyzing Israeli students’ high school matriculation scores, controlling for background characteristics (e.g. parental education) and for previous achievement. Second, it analyzes the trends in equity during the examined period from 2001 to 2011.Design/methodology/approachNationwide extensive data sets, at the student level, of 11 cohorts are analyzed using logistic regression models.FindingsMajor findings reveal that the odds ratios (ORs) are in favor of students from families with a high level of parental education (an increment of one year of parental education increases the odds of student’s success by 3 percent). In addition, the ORs are less favorable for Arab students (30 percent lower). Furthermore, a high previous achievement level increases the odds of success (an increment of 1 percent in achievement increases the odds by 6 percent). In addition, the extent of inequity remains stable throughout the examined period.Originality/valueIsrael serves as an interesting case study, as its student achievement distribution in international examinations is characterized by the highest gap compared with other OECD countries, although its policy aspires to achieve equity. This puzzle, is the motivation for this study. Moreover, insights from this research might assist policy makers to promote equitable education.

Redefining the Scholar-Athlete.

Successful Scholar-Athletes are physically, intellectually, and emotionally committed to high-level achievement in both their academic and sport endeavors. This requires development of an integrated skill-set that includes teamwork, a strong work ethic, commitment, leadership, time management, and physical and emotional health. The identity crosses all perceived boundaries of race, gender, ethnicity, sexual orientation, religion, disability, social, and economic status. A nationwide paradigm shift is urgently needed to recognize and tap into these skills for all scholar-athletes, which are the same tools required to succeed in all professions from science and technology to law, medicine, business and the arts. This article addresses the misperceptions and low expectations that much of our society has for the high school and collegiate Scholar-Athlete. While recognizing the efforts of programs that are working to recalibrate the high school athlete's self perceptions, awaken recognition of their own academic potential, and permit them to achieve successful careers and make invaluable professional contributions to society.

A Population Study of Relative Age Effects on National Tests in Reading Literacy.

We examined relative age effects (RAE) in national test results in reading literacy in Norway in 2013, in Grades 5, 8, and 9 students (n = 173,421) to estimate how month of birth is associated with mean scores and different achievement levels. The results confirm that there is an approximately linear decrease in test scores across months of birth for all grades and both genders. Consequently, students born early in the year are more likely to end up at higher achievement levels than students born later in the year. Possible explanations for this phenomenon are the greater maturity of older children and that they might be considered more gifted when compared with their younger peers. Further, we found increasing gap in test scores between girls and boys from grade 5 to 8 and 9. We suggest both maturity and motivational reasons for these differences.

The Impact of Using Electronic Brainstorming Strategy in a Blended Learning Environment on Grade-Eleven Female Students’ Achievement in Islamic Education in the Sultanate of Oman

This study aimed at identifying the impact of using Electronic Brainstorming Strategy in a Blended Learning Environment on grade-eleven female students’ achievement in Islamic Education in the Sultanate of Oman. The study used the quasi experimental design, which consists of two experimental groups and a control group. In term of the treatment, the experimental groups were divided into two parts: The first experimental group n=30; which was taught using Electronic Brainstorming Strategy 70% electronic-30% traditional method) while the second experimental group n=30 was taught using the same strategies. The control group n=30 was taught using a traditional method. To achieve the objectives of the study, a 30-question achievement test was prepared. The test was given to a jury panel to judge its validity. As for the reliability factor, it was 0.71 as measured by Cronbach’s alpha. The results of the study showed that there were statistically significant differences between the means of the students in the three groups on the post- achievement, in favor of the first experimental group. In addition, it was found that there was a statistically significant difference in the means of the post achievement due to the method of teaching the Electronic Brainstorming Strategy and achievement levels in the favor of the first experimental group and the higher achievement level. The study recommended using the strategy of electronic brainstorming in teaching Islamic education due to its positive implications on achievement.

The interplay of learning approaches and self-efficacy in secondary school students’ academic achievement in science

ABSTRACTThe aim of the present investigation was to analyse the role of academic self-efficacy and approaches to learning in general and in Physics and Chemistry academic achievements. The sample comprised 507 secondary school students of two Spanish schools and the study was conducted in the context of a Physics and Chemistry subject. Structural equation models showed that surface motive was the only type of learning approach directly related to performance. Besides, our models revealed that self-efficacy plays an important role as a mediating variable between the surface strategy and the deep motive learning approaches and academic achievement. Gender effects were also studied as girls showed higher levels of achievement both in general performance and in Physics and Chemistry. Implications for science education and suggestions for future research of these findings are also discussed.

فاعلية برنامج البلاک بورد في تعلم أسس تصميم نماذج وتنفيذ الملابس

الملخص: هدف البحث إلى التعرف على برنامج البلاک بورد في تعلم أسس تصميم نماذج وتنفيذ الملابس، وهو موقع تستخدمه جامعة الطائف للتواصل بين أعضاء هيئة التدريس والطلبة حيث يتيح للمعلم تحميل المواد التي يقوم بتدريسها إلکترونيا، ويتيح للمتعلم فرصة الاستمرار في عملية التعلم ولا يسعني فى هذا المقام إلا أن أتقدم بخالص الشکر والتقدير إلى کل من ساهم فى انجاز هذا البحث و في مقدمتهم السادة القائمين على البحث العلمى فى جامعة الطائف وعلى رأسهم معالى رئيس جامعة الطائف وسعادة عميد البحث العلمى وسعادة وکلاء البحث العلمى بالجامعة لما قدموه من عون وتيسير لانجاز هذا البحث ولتحقيق الهدف من هذا البحث تم تطبيق الاختبار التحصيلي والمهاري قبل وبعد إجراء التجربة . وتم استخدام مقياس التقدير لقياس المهارات الخاصة بتصميم نماذج وتنفيذ الملابس وکذلک مقياس الاتجاه نحو استخدام برنامج البلاک بورد في تعلم مقرر أسس تصميم نماذج وتنفيذ الملابس، وبطاقة ملاحظة أداء الطالبات لمهارات بناء النماذج وتصميمها وتنفيذها، وبلغ عدد أفراد العينة (68) طالبة من طالبات الفرقة الثانية (المستوى الرابع) ، قسم الملابس والنسيج، کلية التصاميم والاقتصاد المنزلي، واستغرقت التجربة (الفصل الدراسي الثاني). وأوضحت النتائج: 1- ارتفاع مستوي التحصيل المعرفي لدى المجموعة التجريبية في تعلم أسس تصميم نماذج وتنفيذ الملابس استخدام برنامج البلاک بورد. ووجود فروق دالة إحصائيا عند مستوى (0.01) بين متوسطي درجات الطالبات في التطبيق القبلي والبعدي للاختبار التحصيلي لصالح التطبيق . 2- ارتفاع مستوي الأداء المهاري لدى المجموعة التجريبية في أسس تصميم نماذج وتنفيذ الملابس استخدام برنامج البلاک بورد. ووجود فروق دالة إحصائيا عند مستوى (0.01) بين متوسطي درجات الطالبات في التطبيق القبلي والبعدي للاختبار المهاري لصالح التطبيق البعدي . 3- توجد اتجاهات الطالبات إيجابية نحو تعلم أسس تصميم نماذج وتنفيذ الملابس بالبلاک بورد. The Effectiveness Of the Blackboard program in learning the Founded the design and Construction of clothes Pattern Abstract: The objective of the research is to get acquainted with the Blackboard program in learning the basics of designing models and implementing clothes, which is a site that Taif University uses to communicate between faculty members and students as it allows the teacher to download the materials that he teaches electronically, In this respect, I cannot help but extend my sincere thanks and appreciation to all those who contributed to the completion of this research, in the forefront of which are those responsible for scientific research at the University of Taif, headed by His Excellency the President of the University Taif and His Excellency Dean The scientific research and the happiness of the scientific research agents at the university for their help and facilitation to carry out this research and to achieve this purpose, the test of achievement and skill was applied before and after the experiment. The measurement scale was used to measure the skills of modeling and implementation of clothing and also measured the trend of students towards using the Blackboard program in learning the basics of model design and implementation of clothing, and the note card for students' performance of modeling, The number of sample members were (68) students of the second division (fourth level), the Department of Clothing and Textiles, College of Design and Home Economics, and took the experiment (the second semester). Important results: 1- High level of cognitive achievement in the experimental group in learning the Founded the design and Construction of clothes Pattern using the program Blackboard. 2- High level of skill performance of the experimental group in the Founded the design and Construction of clothes Pattern using the program Blackboard. There are statistically significant differences at the level of (0.01) between the average grades of students in the tribal and remote application of the skill test for the benefit of the post application. 3- There are positive attitudes towards learning the Founded the design and Construction of clothes Pattern with Blackboard.

A re-analysis on the effects of foreign language school

본 연구에서는 한국교육고용패널 1~4차 연도 종단 자료를 기반으로 언어, 수리, 외국어 영역에서의수능 학업 성취를 중심으로 외고의 학교효과와 그 효과의 이질성에 대해 검토해 보았다. 외고 학생에대한 사전 학업 성취도가 결측된 상황에서 가능한 선택 편의를 최소화하기 위해 중학교 내신 수준이상위권에 해당하는 일반고 학생들을 선별, 상위 5~30%까지의 수준별 통제군을 구성하여 각각의 통제군과 비교한 외고 효과를 추정, 그 변화를 검토하였다. 또한 외고가 귀족학교로서 고등학교 체제의수평적 계층화에 기여해 왔다는 비판을 검토하기 위해, 이러한 외고 효과가 학생의 개인, 가정, 학교배경에 따라 이질적으로 나타나는지 상호작용분석을 통해 검증하였다. 그 주요 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 같은 자료를 활용한 선행 연구들과 마찬가지로, 평균적인 일반고 학생과 비교하였을 때 언어, 수리, 외국어 전 영역에 걸쳐 개인, 가정, 학교 배경 및 과정 변인을 통제한 후에도 외고 효과가 상당한 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 선택 편의를 최소화하기 위해 중학교 내신 수준이 상위권인 일반고 학생과 비교하였을 경우, 외고 효과가 다소 감소하는 것으로 나타났고, 특히 중학교 내신 최상위권인 일반고 학생과 비교했을 경우, 외고 효과가 대폭으로 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 외고 효과는 수능 영역에 따라 다소 다른 양상을 보였는데, 언어 영역에서의 외고 학생의 성취는 내신 상위25%의중학생이 일반고에 진학한 후 얻은 수능 성취와 유사하였고, 수리, 외국어 영역의 경우 외고 학생의수능 성취는 중학교 내신 상위 5~8% 이상인 일반고 학생의 수능 성취와 상응하였다. 셋째, 이러한 외고 효과는 학생의 사회, 경제적 배경에 따라 이질적으로 나타났는데, 특히 수리 영역에서 사교육비 지출 수준이 높거나 가구 소득이 높은 가정의 학생에게, 외국어 영역에서 부모의 학력(4년제 대학)이높은 가정의 학생들에게 유리하게 작용하였다.Using the Korean Education and Employment Panel(1~4 waves), this study examined the effects of foreign language school(FLS) participation and its heterogeneous effects on students’ performance on reading, math, and foreign language on the College Scholastic Ability Test(CSAT). To address missing data on FLS students’ previous achievement and reduce potential selection bias, this study constructed various control groups based on general high school(GHS) students’ previous achievement(drawing from the top 5~30%). Then, the study examined estimates on the effect of FLS and changes across comparisons. Furthermore, to address critiques on FLS as an elite school environment, the study examined its heterogeneous effects across student, family, and school backgrounds through interaction analyses. The study resulted in three key findings. First, this study found that FLS students had higher levels of achievement than average GHS students, even after accounting for all relevant covariates, thus confirming findings from prior studies. Second, this study compared FLS students with GHS students who were high achieving during their middle school years in order to control for potential selection bias. As a result, the effect size was fairly reduced overall, and was especially reduced when comparing with even higher achievers during middle school. However, FLS effects varied across CSAT subjects. In reading, FLS students’ achievement was comparable to that of GHS students who were above 75%(top 25%) during middle school, while their math and foreign language achievements were comparable to GHS students above 92~95%(top 5~8%) during middle school. Third, this study found FLS’ heterogeneous effects across students’ socio-economic backgrounds. In particular, FLS students from higher income families or families who could afford the higher costs of private tutoring had higher levels of math achievement, while those with higher levels of parental education achieved higher scores on the foreign language CSAT.

Teaching as coaching: Experiences with a video-baed flipped classroom combined with project-based approach in technology and physics higher education

The role of faculty in higher education as knowledge disseminators within the knowledge and digital society can be completely redefined. This paper presents results from a video-based flipped classroom approach combined with a project-oriented learning arrangement. I show that videos combined with a project-based learning setting can be a powerful tool to facilitate the shift from knowledge dissemination to knowledge appropriation. Besides, results show a high level of student's satisfaction and achievement during the course. The competences obtained by the students during the course reach far beyond those possible in a similar course with a traditional teaching approach.

A student-centred digital technology approach: The relationship between intrinsic motivation, learning climate and academic achievement of physical education pre-service teachers

There is a lack of research on the use of digital technology in physical education teacher education (PETE) and its relationship with the learning and engagement of pre-service teachers. Furthermore, research reports low engagement of pre-service teachers in digital approaches that do not promote active learning and are mostly teacher-centred. This paper aims to: (a) explore the relationship between a student-centred digital technology approach and the pre-service teachers’ intrinsic motivation, learning climate and academic achievement; and (b) test the relationship between learning climate and intrinsic motivation as possible predictors of academic achievement. The student-centred digital technology approach was designed following an adaptation of the five-phase pedagogical guidelines for teaching with emerging technologies. Two intact classes ( n = 110 students) and one teacher educator were involved in the study. Following a mixed-method approach, quantitative data was collected on pre-service teachers’ intrinsic motivation, learning climate and academic achievement. Qualitative data explored pre-service teachers’ tweets and learning blogs. Choice and novelty were two central tenets that conditioned high levels of intrinsic motivation and academic achievement. The study provides support for the use of active learning environments where pre-service teachers are involved in creative content production using digital technology in PETE programmes. Given the growing role of digital technology for learning in educational policies and new physical education curricula, we advocate for the publication of more research-based experiences on the integration of digital technology in PETE programmes. The transferability of such teaching and learning experiences to pre-service teachers’ and physical education teachers’ practice would be especially worthwhile.

Job Affiliation and its Impact on the Motivation of Egyptian Hotel employees for Work

The human resources in hotels of different categories, levels and specialties are the real support on which these institutions are based to achieve their goals. The efficiency of individuals in the organization depends not only on preparation, training and development but also on their degree of Affiliation to the organizations in which they work. So the study aimed to identify the degree of job affiliation of Egyptian hotel workers, the degree of motivation for them, and to determine the relationship that links the job affiliation with the motivation. The study found a high level of job affiliation and achievement of motivation in the sample of the study, positive influential relationship between the job affiliation and motivation. The study recommends that hotels management should continuously improve the internal work environment, support and enhance the positive working relations among the workers in the hotel, and consolidation of teamwork culture as a mean of motivation to reach the planned level of its achievement.

Investigating EFL Achievement Through the Lens of Demotivation

It is generally agreed that demotivation is any forces that reduce a student’s passion or enthusiasm to learn. Despite some studies on demotivation across language levels, culture, and languages; research has not been conducted on university students from different language levels in Thailand. The aim of this mixed-method study is three-fold. Firstly, it attempts to factorize types of demotivation among English major students. Secondly, it examines the effect of demotivation on EFL achievement. Thirdly, it investigates the differences of demotivation in different levels of EFL achievement. The study involved undergraduate students majoring in English completing a questionnaire and being interviewed. The results revealed that there were four potential types of demotivation among English major students: 1) Media, teaching styles and teacher competence; 2) Attitudes towards teachers and classmates; 3) Experiences of failure and attitudes towards English learning, and 4) Characteristics of lessons and class materials. Findings also showed that Demotivation Type 3 (Experiences of failure and attitudes towards English learning) influenced EFL achievement (p <.001). Interestingly, there was a significant difference in the degree of influence of Type 3 among low, moderate, and high levels of EFL achievement. In the conclusion, pedagogical implications of these findings are discussed in order to help teachers understand important factors that demotivate students to achieve in English language learning so that the occurrence of those factors may be avoided.

Meta-Analysis of Parental Involvement and Achievement in East Asian Countries

Countless meta-analytic studies document the relation between parental involvement and achievement, but they mostly include studies conducted in the United States where parental involvement is framed as a policy issue. This is the first meta-analytic study focusing on East Asian countries characterized by high achievement levels, a comparatively standardized education system, and no policy encouraging family–school relations. A meta-analysis of 15 studies retrieved from an exhaustive search of the literature reveals a positive association between parental involvement and achievement. The strength of the relation was highest for academic socialization, followed by home involvement and school involvement, similar to previous meta-analyses.

Saving Energy through Using Green Rating System for Building Commissioning

Finding solutions for energy saving has become one of the most demanding issues facing almost all the governments, decision makers and stakeholders all over the world. Energy saving solutions in building industry could be applied in all the construction phases – Pre-design, design, pre-construction, construction, and post-construction. Energy management in the post-construction (operation) phase - in particular - is the key point for energy saving. This paper is focusing on employing green rating systems to guide the process of the commissioning for buildings in order to save energy during the operation and maintenance of buildings. Moreover, the research highlights on the important process that should be taken into consideration during the other phases. LEED (Leadership for Environmental and Energy Design) is suggested and discussed here in order to be employed in this regard. The LEED fundamental commissioning system is discussed briefly while a detailed explanation for the processes, tasks and responsibilities of each stakeholder in building projects is presented. Commissioning helps to review Design Documentations and make recommendations to the design team and pertaining to functionality and workability of commissioned systems. In addition, it aids to review Owner Project Requirements (OPR) and Basis Of Design (BOD). This ensures the achievement of high levels of professionalism and technicalities in the different construction phases of buildings. The paper presents at the end a designed chart for the entire commissioning processes that can aid the process of assuring energy efficiency in buildings.

Exploring the Practice of ''College, Government, Association, Research and Enterprise'' Collaborative Education Mode from the Perspective of Supply Side Reform - A Case Study of the Applied Chemistry Major of Yancheng Teachers University

At present, the training of engineering talents in higher education needs to carry out supply-side reform to solve the disconnection between the demand for social talents and the cultivation of talents in universities, and the phenomenon that there is a mismatch between the students' employment needs and the curriculum system of colleges and universities. The ''College, Government, Association, Research and Enterprise'' (CGARE) Collaborative Education Mode has been built to improve the quality of applied talents in the applied chemistry major of Yancheng Teachers University for nearly 10 years. Based on the student-oriented education concept, the collaboration of college, government, association, research and enterprise was taken as a breakthrough and the enterprise technology demand was taken as the carrier to improve the engineering practice ability and innovation and entrepreneurship ability of college students, and fully meet the needs of society and enterprises for high-quality talents in the CGARE collaborative education mode. The quality of applied talents has been improved significantly through the CGARE collaborative education mode. High-level achievements of the students of the applied chemistry major of Yancheng Teachers University are fruitful. The innovative and entrepreneurial ability and their professional self-confidence of the students have been greatly enhanced. Thus, the quality of student employments is high, and given high marks by the internship unit and employer. Keywords: Supply-side reform; College, Government, Association, Research and Enterprise; Collaborative education; Applied chemistry major DOI : 10.7176/JEP/10-11-11 Publication date : April 30 th 2019

해결된 예제를 활용한 수학 협력학습 과정에서 나타난 중학생의 인지부하 분석

The purpose of this study is to derive appropriate implications for teaching and learning mathematics using the worked examples. We analyzed how the cooperative learning using the worked examples, fully worked examples(FWE) and partially worked examples(PWE), affects students' mathematics achievement and cognitive load. 258 first year middle school students participated and solved 4 problems applying for the linear equations by small groups. The results of the study are as follows. First, there was no significant difference in mathematics achievement between the students who learned using the worked examples and the students who learned using the problems not including their solutions. Second, there were the differences in intrinsic, extraneous, and germane cognitive load between the students who learned using the worked examples and the students who learned using the problems, but there was not a difference in transactional cognitive load. Students using the FWE perceived the intrinsic and extraneous cognitive load as low, and germane cognitive load as high. Third, in the groups with a high level of achievement, students using the PWE perceived germane cognitive load more than students using the problems. In the middle level, the extraneous cognitive load of the students using the FWE was low, and in the low level, the intrinsic cognitive load of the students who using the FWE was low.

Cross-sectional and longitudinal relationship between physical fitness and academic achievement in Japanese adolescents

Although cross-sectional studies regarding the relationship between physical fitness and academic achievement among Japanese children have been previously reported, no longitudinal study has yet been reported for Japanese children. The purpose of this study was to examine the cross-sectional and longitudinal relationships between physical fitness and academic achievement among Japanese adolescents. This cohort study included 1,189 seventh- and ninth-grade students from two schools. The follow-up period was 2 years. A physical fitness test involving eight test items (hand grip, sit-ups, sit and reach, side-to-side jump, 20-m shuttle run, 50-m dash, standing broad jump and handball throwing) was conducted to evaluate the fitness of the participants. Academic achievement in Japanese, mathematics and a foreign language (English) was assessed at baseline and follow-up using cumulative guidance records. Participants were classified into low–low, high–low, low–high, and high–high groups based on physical fitness test results at baseline and follow-up. Compared with the groups showing low fitness levels, those showing high fitness levels for all items of the physical fitness test expect handball throwing had increased odds of showing high academic achievement levels in all three subjects at baseline and/or follow-up compared with the low-fitness groups. Sit-ups and 20-m shuttle run in the high–high and low–high groups were related to higher academic achievement levels at follow-up compared with those in the low–low group for both boys and girls. Therefore, this study suggests that various physical fitness outcomes are positively associated with high academic achievement levels for Japanese children.

Eumelanin Graphene-Like Integration: The Impact on Physical Properties and Electrical Conductivity.

The recent development of eumelanin pigment-based blends integrating “classical” organic conducting materials is expanding the scope of eumelanin in bioelectronics. Beyond the achievement of high conductivity level, another major goal lays in the knowledge and feasible control of structure/properties relationship. We systematically investigated different hybrid materials prepared by in situ polymerization of the eumelanin precursor 5,6-dihydroxyindole (DHI) in presence of various amounts of graphene-like layers. Spectroscopic studies performed by solid state nuclear magnetic resonance (ss-NMR), x-ray photoemission, and absorption spectroscopies gave a strong indication of the direct impact that the integration of graphene-like layers into the nascent polymerized DHI-based eumelanin has on the structural organization of the pigment itself, while infrared, and photoemission spectroscopies indicated the occurrence of negligible changes as concerns the chemical units. A tighter packing of the constituent units could represent a strong factor responsible for the observed improved electrical conductivity of the hybrid materials, and could be possible exploited as a tool for electrical conductivity tuning.

Interplay of motivation and self-regulation throughout the development of elite athletes

ABSTRACT Recent development in the understanding of human motivation has highlighted the crucial and reciprocal role of motivation on cognitive processes. In elite sport settings, athletes are subject to external forces that do not necessarily correspond with their inherent drives. However, they seem to develop cognitive competencies to cope with external forces, when planning, monitoring, and reflecting on their high-level achievements. The current study aims to explore likely interactions between motivation and cognitive processes as athletes develop from novice to elite levels. Five female Olympic and World Championship medallists were interviewed. A thematic analysis revealed how motivation and self-regulation competencies interchangeably influenced athletes’ career trajectories asynchronously. Chronologically, four themes emerged: 1) Motivational shifts evoked planning and self-control competencies, 2) The external control constrained athletes’ self-regulation, 3) Self-control and reflection in extrinsically driven athletes, and 4) Elite athletes’ multidimensional motivation and self-regulation profile. Initially, intrinsic motivation prompted athletes’ participation, but the competitive nature of sport activities led to a shift toward more external forms of motivation. This motivational shift was accompanied by changes in self-regulation competencies, particularly planning and self-control, rather than self-reflection. Over time, athletes’ increased sport-specific self-confidence contributed to further refinement of self-regulation competencies and integrated motivational regulations. Rather than exploring motivation and cognitive competencies individually, current study findings highlight dynamic interactions between these concepts that influences athletes’ ongoing development to elite level performances.

Resources Provision of Rural Territories Social Sphere: A Case Study

The article presents analysis of resources provision of social sphere of the rural territories of Chelyabinsk region; there are analyzed the main components of creature comforts of a rural population. There is given an assessment of a program implementation of sustainable development of the rural territories of Chelyabinsk region and the country in general. There are the numerical data characterizing the delivery of Program in regions of the Russian Federation and amounts of financing for realization the actions contributing to sustainable development of the rural territories. The main directions of the Program are connected with providing the rural territories with a necessary social infrastructure sufficient for maintenance of worthy level of living of a rural population and also to promoting growth of appeal of shape of the rural territories to inflow of the human and investment equities. There is shown an international experience of achievement of high level and quality of life in the rural territories. There are determined the main priorities of development of the rural territories of the European countries: innovation in the structuring of farming; providing a continuous line of production of producing agricultural products; rational use of natural resources; improvement of social and economic conditions of life sustenance in the rural territories. There is revealed the direct dependence between ensuring growth of sustainable development level of the rural territories on degree of a scope and efficiency of use of own resources and the available potentials in the territories. Here are allocated types of the rural territories on the level of sustainable development: the territories of the advancing development; the developing territories; survival territories. There are established the reasons of decrease in life level in the rural territories and great lagging from the level of sustainable development of urban localities. The main reasons are: the concentration of production and conversion of agricultural products in certain settlements promoting desolation and irrational use of potentials of other territories; insufficient financing of the social sphere; a lack of support from the state of small-scale farmer and personal subsidiary farms. There are made recommendations about enhancement of organizational, economic and ecological opportunities of use of the available resource providing the rural territories; production organizations of agricultural products; development of a social infrastructure.