High Extraction Capacity Research Articles

The dependence of degree of extraction treatment of diesel distillate from the content of preferential solvent - ionic liquid

One of the perspective directions of the employment of ionic liquids is using them as “green” preferential solvent in the process of extraction treatment of undesirable components (aromatic hydrocarbons, sulfur and resin compounds) from the composition of oil fractions. The process of extraction treatment of ionic liquid of various oil distillates may be reviewed as an alternative traditional method of treatment and additional way in the combination of extraction process with other treatment methods allowing combining the advantages of both methods. The paper presents the results of combined process of extraction treatment of hydraulically cleaned diesel fraction using as an extractant of ionic liquids synthesized based on the vinegar acid dipropyl and dibutilamines. It is shown that during step-by-step extraction treatment of ionic liquid of diesel distillate compared to the one-step process, relatively high degree of dearomatization and desulphurization of crude is achieved. In three-phase extraction treatment of diesel distillate with diropilammonium acetate and dibutillamonium acetate with ionic liquids, relatively high extraction capacity diropilammonium acetate of ionic liquids containing more voluminous cation fragment is specified.

CELLULASE OF ENDOPHYTIC Bacillus SP. FROM Glycyrrhiza uralensis F. AND ITS APPLICATION FOR EXTRACTION OF GLYCYRRHIZIC ACID

Glycyrrhizic acid is the main component of the medicinal plant Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. It is widely used as a sweetener and an effective active ingredient with multiple physiological functions. Endophytes are microorganisms that coexist with plants and can produce cellulase. This cellulase enzyme can be used to overcome dissolution barriers of plant active ingredients by degrading plant cell wall. In the present study, a cellulase-producing strain with high cellulase activity was isolated from fresh Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch, and identified using the Congo red staining method and the DNS method. Glycyrrhizic acid yield was determined by the HPLC method. A highly reactive cellulase-producing strain, with a high extraction capacity of glycyrrhizic acid, was obtained. The strain was named GG-3, and bioinformatic analysis showed that it was a Bacillus sp. Findings obtained after optimization of the enzyme production and glycyrrhizic acid extraction process showed that glycyrrhizic acid yield increased by 32.52% and 31.35% after extraction with GG-3 enzyme, compared with the use of the traditional extraction method and commercial cellulase extraction method, respectively.

In situ product recovery as a powerful tool to improve the fermentative production of muconic acid in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Muconic acid has gained interest as a bio-based platform chemical to produce value-added compounds including adipic acid and terephthalic acid. In this study, a fermentation strategy based on in situ product recovery was established to boost process performance and counteract product inhibition. An optimized reactive extraction mixture for muconic acid was developed consisting of 12.5% (v/v) CYTOP 503 in canola oil and showing high extraction capacity as well as biocompatibility. By integrating the reactive extraction into the fermentation at shake flask level, growth and muconic acid titer could be increased by 44% and 18%, respectively. The process was successfully transferred to a fed-batch fermentation in a 10 L bioreactor with a final muconic acid titer of 4.33 g L−1 and maximum productivity of 0.053 g L−1, demonstrating the potential of this strategy to enhance challenging fermentation processes for industrial biochemicals.

Effect of the distillation methods on the chemical properties of the Turmeric essential oil

AbstractEssential oils are highly concentrated plant extracts produced from flowers, leaves, stems, roots, seeds, barks, resins, or fruits. These oils are commonly used in a wide range of items, including meals, medications, and cosmetics, for their flavor and medicinal or odoriferous characteristics. The aim of this study is to extract and describe the essential oils found in turmeric cubes. As the extraction was completed, the chemical properties of the obtained essential oil were determined. The chemical properties like the specific gravity, refractive index, ester value, acid value saponification values, and color values are 0.0891–0.932, 1.527–1.553, 35.21–38.138 mg KOH/g, 3.594–5.560 mg KOH/g, 32.597 mg KOH/g, and color values are L (32.70–38.90), a (−1 to −5.60), and b (10.6–19.40), respectively.Novelty impact statementThe essential oil obtained from hydrodistillation contains less impurity as compared to the steam distillation. The hydro‐distilled essential oil has a high chemical quality in terms of commercial value and usages as compared to the steam distillation. But the hydrodistillation system, having the high extraction efficiency and capacity, consumes less energy as compared to the hydrodistillation system.

Determination of Three Pyrethroid Insecticides in Food by Magnetic Ionic Liquid-Based Dispersive Liquid Phase Microextraction (DLLME) with High-Performance Liquid-Chromatography (HPLC)

A simple, green, rapid, and efficient magnet ionic liquid (MIL) dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME) method coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was successfully developed for the determination of three trace pyrethroids (fenvalerate, beta-cypermethrin, and bifenthrin) in water and food samples. Tri-hexyl-tetradecyl-phosphonium tetra-chlorocobalt (II) [P6,6,6,14 +]2[CoCl4 2−] was explored as the extraction solvent due to its magnetic susceptibility, low ultraviolet absorbance, difficulty to hydrolyze in aqueous solution, and high extraction capacity. Important factors of extraction efficiency, such as the mass of MIL, pH, and ionic strength, were optimized. The spiked recoveries of the targets in water and food samples were from 96.3 to 103.8%. The detection limits were from 0.75 to 1.75 ng ml−1. The results indicated that the developed MIL-DLLME method based on [P6,6,6,14 +]2[CoCl4 2−] as the extraction solution has the advantages of rapid and high efficiency and was employed to determine pyrethroids in water and food samples.

Facile synthesis of hypercrosslinked polymer as high-efficiency adsorbent for the enrichment of nitroimidazoles from water, honey and chicken meat

Design and fabrication of functionalized hypercrosslinked polymers (HCPs) for enhancing their performance by using green renewable monomers has attracted considerable research interest. In this study, hydroxyl‑functional HCP (labeled as OHHCP) was prepared via the knitting method by applying natural naringenin as a monomer for the first time. Due to the good hydrophilicity and strong H-bonding ability, the OHHCP showed high extraction capacity for nitroimidazoles. Thus, it was successfully applied as a potent adsorbent for solid phase extraction of five nitroimidazoles in water, honey and chicken meat, followed by high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector analysis. At the optimized conditions, the limit of detections (S/N = 3) of the proposed method for water, honey and chicken samples were 0.02 - 0.06 ng mL−1, 0.5 - 1.0 ng g−1 and 0.8 - 1.0 ng g−1, respectively. The recoveries were 80.0 - 110%, and the relative standard deviations were below 10.0%. The OHHCP also displayed good application prospects for other organic compounds with H-bonding capability. This study highlights the facile preparation of OH-functionalized HCPs from renewable and natural resources as potent adsorbents for polar compounds.

Highly efficient and selective extraction of gold by reduced graphene oxide

Materials capable of extracting gold from complex sources, especially electronic waste (e-waste), are needed for gold resource sustainability and effective e-waste recycling. However, it remains challenging to achieve high extraction capacity and precise selectivity if only a trace amount of gold is present along with other metallic elements . Here we report an approach based on reduced graphene oxide (rGO) which provides an ultrahigh capacity and selective extraction of gold ions present in ppm concentrations (>1000 mg of gold per gram of rGO at 1 ppm). The excellent gold extraction performance is accounted to the graphene areas and oxidized regions of rGO. The graphene areas spontaneously reduce gold ions to metallic gold, and the oxidized regions allow good dispersibility of the rGO material so that efficient adsorption and reduction of gold ions at the graphene areas can be realized. By controlling the protonation of the oxidized regions of rGO, gold can be extracted exclusively, without contamination by the other 14 co-existing elements typically present in e-waste. These findings are further exploited to demonstrate recycling gold from real-world e-waste with good scalability and economic viability, as exemplified by using rGO membranes in a continuous flow-through process.

Carbon@ceramic 3D printed devices for bisphenol A and other organic contaminants extraction

A high efficient and versatile extraction device was prepared by coating a durable 3D printed ceramic support with a polymer-derived porous carbon. The ceramic support was coated with polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), which acted as binder and carbon source simultaneously, allowing to obtain a high robust and functional carbon coated device in a direct and very simple way. The so prepared device was evaluated for the extraction of the endocrine disrupting phenol, bisphenol A. It showed fast adsorption kinetics, high extraction capacity (122.5 mg g−1), and excellent reusability, keeping removal percentages above 90% after 10 consecutive extraction cycles. Carbon@ceramic 3D printed devices also showed good performance for the individual and simultaneous extraction of other phenolic compounds (4-tert-octylphenol and 4-tert-butylphenol), pharmaceutical products (ibuprofen, diclofenac and acetaminophen), and organic dyes (malachite green and methylene blue) in real water samples, demonstrating its potential for the removal of organic pollutants from water.

Efficient capture of radioactive iodine by ZIF-8 derived porous carbon

Due to the rapid diffusion of radioactive iodine, the demand for safe and efficient capture and storage of radioactive iodine is increasing worldwide. The use of porous carbon materials to capture iodine has aroused great interest. This work prepared porous carbon materials derived from polymetallic oxides of the zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF) by pyrolysis at 1000 °C. The carbon materials (CZIF-1000) have a high specific surface area of about 1110 m2/g and a total pore volume of 0.92 cm3/g. Adsorption studies have shown that the CZIF-1000 had significant adsorption performance for iodine, and the adsorption capacity can reach 790.8 mg/g at 8h. The potential mechanism of adsorption is that the carbonization causes the charge-transfer interaction and pore size distribution. Compared with the conventional adsorbents, the adsorbents showed faster kinetics and high extraction capacity for iodine. This experiment provides an effective method for designing a highly efficient adsorbent for iodine and broadens the ideas for developing new iodine extraction adsorbents.

Cuttlefish ink loaded polyamidoxime adsorbent with excellent photothermal conversion and antibacterial activity for highly efficient uranium capture from natural seawater

Owing to the abundant uranium reserves in the oceans, the collection of uranium from seawater has aroused the widespread interest. Compared to the uranium extraction from ore, uranium collection from seawater is a more environmentally friendly strategy. The amidoxime (AO) functional group has been considered as one of the most efficient chelating groups for uranium capture. In this work, by drawing upon the photothermal character and antibacterial activity of cuttlefish ink, a cuttlefish ink loaded polyamidoxime (CI-PAO) membrane adsorbent is developed. Under one-sun illumination, the CI-PAO membrane shows a high extraction capacity of 488.76 mg-U/g-Ads in 500 mL 8 ppm uranium spiked simulated seawater, which is 1.24 times higher than PAO membrane. The adsorption rate of CI-PAO membrane is increased by 32.04%. Furthermore, exhibiting roughly 75% bacteriostatic rate in composite marine bacteria, the CI-PAO shows a dramatically antibacterial activity, which effectively prevents the functional sites on the adsorbent surface from being occupied by the biofouling blocks. After immersing in natural seawater for 4 weeks, light-irradiated CI-PAO gave high uranium uptake capacity of 6.17 mg-U/g-Ads. Hence, the CI-PAO membrane adsorbent can be considered as a potential candidate for the practical application for uranium extraction from seawater.

Anti-biofouling bio-adsorbent with ultrahigh uranium extraction capacity: One uranium resource recycling solution

Uranium extraction from seawater is an effective solution to the shortage of uranium resources on land. However, because of the high salinity in seawater, an extremely low uranium concentration (~3.3 ppb) and biofouling caused drastically decrease the performance of adsorbents, and the practical development of uranium extraction from seawater still faces major challenges. Here, we demonstrated a simple strategy to utilize waste feather fiber (FF) to prepare anti-biofouling amidoxime functionalized FF (FF-Cu2O/AO), which was applied to the extraction uranium from seawater. The introduction of Cu2O endows FF-Cu2O/AO with anti-biofouling and enhances the binding of uranyl ions to amidoxime. FF-Cu2O/AO exhibited outstanding uranium adsorption performance, adsorbing 816 mg-U/g-Ads from 8 ppm uranium-spiked water. Following immersion in natural seawater for 30 days, the uranium extraction capacity of FF-Cu2O/AO reached 7.73 mg-U/g-Ads. More importantly, the strategy can be used for the preparation of other uranium adsorbents based on amidoxime functionalized polymer fibers to provide antibacterial and improved adsorption performance. Economic analysis shows that the cost of FF-Cu2O/AO adsorption of uranium from natural seawater is much lower than that of conventional adsorbents. Therefore, FF-Cu2O/AO would be an outstanding candidate for extracting uranium from seawater because of its high uranium extraction capacity, anti-biofouling and low-cost.

Waste feather fiber based high extraction capacity bio-adsorbent for sustainable uranium extraction from seawater

Recycling uranium from seawater is of great significance to the development of nuclear industry. However, due to high salinity and low uranium concentration in seawater, there are still many challenges in current seawater uranium extraction technology. In this study, waste feather fibers (FF) were used as raw materials to develop a phosphonate-functionalized feather fiber (FF-PT). The study on the adsorption performance shows that FF-PT have good adsorption and recycling performance for uranium. The study on the adsorption performance shows that FF-PT have good adsorption and recycling performance for uranium. The adsorption capacity reaches up to 342.5 mg·g−1 in the 8 ppm uranium solution, and service life of at least 10 cycles were obtained. In addition, in the environment with high salinity and the coexistence of metal competitive ions, FF-PT also shows excellent selectivity, and it can reach 3.22 mg·g−1 adsorption capacity after immersed in natural seawater for 30 days. Combined with the results of economic analysis, we believe that the FF-PT has broad application prospects in the industrialized uranium extraction from seawater.

Hollow zirconium-porphyrin-based metal-organic framework for efficient solid-phase microextraction of naphthols

In this work, a hollow zirconium-porphyrin-based metal-organic framework (HZ-PMOF) was prepared as a coating for solid-phase microextraction (SPME) fiber to determine two naphthols. HZ-PMOF coating provided good extraction performance for naphthols because of the rich forces including π-π interactions, hydrogen bonding, and electrostatic interaction between the materials and targets. Furthermore, due to the special shape of the hollow structure, HZ-PMOF coating showed time-saving SPME equilibrium time and higher extraction capacity than zirconium-porphyrin-based metal-organic framework (Z-PMOF) coating without hollow structure. Combining with gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS), an analytical method of naphthols with low detection limit (1.0 ng L−1), wider linear range (3.0–1000.0 ng L−1) and good reproducibility (RSD ≤8.6%) was established. Subsequently, naphthols in water samples from five cities in China were successfully detected by this developed method with satisfactory recoveries (81.1%–117.9%) and precision (RSDs, 3.2–9.6%). The results indicated that the prepared HZ-PMOF-coated fiber has good application prospects, and would broaden the application of materials with special morphology in the field of pretreatment.

Efficient extraction of aluminum from leaching solutions of waste alnico alloys by CA12-N235 system

• A green and efficient non-saponified CA12-N235 system to extract Al is presented. • Complete separation of Al from Ni and Co is obtained. • Extracted complex is AlA 3 bound with R 3 NH + via hydrogen bonding. • CA12-N235 system has advantage of quick phase for Al extraction. • High purity aluminum is obtained from recycling of waste alnico alloy. Waste alnico alloy contains valuable metals of aluminum, nickel and cobalt. Recycling of these metals is of great importance from the perspective of resource utilization. In this study, we present a green and efficient extraction system to separate aluminum from nickel and cobalt in the leaching solution of waste alnico alloy. Using the CA12-N235 system consisting of 30 vol% CA12, 25 vol% N235 and 45 vol% kerosene as the extractant, nearly 100% aluminum was extracted while only 6.1% cobalt and 6.7% nickel were co-extracted after two-stage extraction. The nickel and cobalt in the loaded organic phase were scrubbed completely by two-stage scrubbing with water. The high purity aluminum was obtained in the strip liquor through one-stage stripping with 0.5 mol/L hydrochloric acid solution. Infrared spectroscopic analysis and slope analysis revealed that the composition of the extracted complex was (C 8 H 17 C 6 H 4 OCH 2 COO) 3 Al, which was bound via hydrogen bonding with R 3 NH + produced from the reaction between N235 and H + . Na-saponified CA12 has a high extraction capacity for aluminum, with single-stage extraction efficiencies of 99% for aluminum, 6.7% for cobalt and 8.2% for nickel , but has difficulty in phase separation. CA12-N235 system has advantages of high extraction capacity for aluminum and quick phase separation compared with naphthenic acid and P507.

Application of a phosphonium-based ionic liquid for reactive textile dye removal: Extraction study and toxicological evaluation

Textile dyeing processes are known for their negative environmental impacts due to the production of aqueous effluents containing toxic dyes. Therefore, new wastewater treatment processes need to be developed to treat such effluents, including Liquid-Liquid Extraction (LLE) process using Ionic Liquids (IL). This work aimed to evaluate the application of the hydrophobic IL trihexyltetradecylphosphonium decanoate to extract black, navy, and royal reactive dyes from water and evaluate the toxicological aspects of the resulting water stream. We investigated the effect of selected parameters, such as pH (2–12), temperature (20–50 °C), salt effects, dye concentration (0.5–50 mg/L), and phase volume ratio (900–9000) on the dye extraction. The results showed extraction yields as high as 97% for the three dyes and an extraction capacity of approximately 300 mg/g for black and navy dyes and 400 mg/g for royal. The toxicity tests involved Lactuca sativa, Triticum aestivium L, and Daphnia magna as bioindicators. The difference between the toxicity of the dye solutions before and after extraction was not statistically significant when L. sativa and Triticum aestivum L were used as bioindicators. However, the extracted solution showed increased toxicity towards D. magna due to traces of IL. Overall, the IL has a high extraction capacity for the black, navy, and royal dyes. Nevertheless, further studies on LLE associated with other processes must be carried out to reduce the risk linked to the toxicity of IL transferred to the water.

Bio-inspired hydrogen-bond network for extraction of organometal micropollutants from water

Organometal compounds are an emerging environmental micropollutant. Their removal presents a challenge, while their typically low concentrations require capture materials with high affinities. Here, inspired by the natural phenomenon that the abundant hydrogen bonds of protein enhance their inorganic metal capture, we design a bio-inspired trap integrating a Zr coordination center on polyhydric nanocellulose (ZNC). ZNC shows an affinity (1.99 × 10 6 mg L −1 ) toward low-level organoarsenic, which is 10 times higher than reported materials, and thus exhibits excellent extraction efficiency (>99.9%). Similar enhancement is observed for other organometals (organotin and organophosphorus). This is attributed to the high-density H-bond network of ZNC, which enhances capture via modulating zirconium atom distance, changing coordination environment, and shortening coordination distance. This work explores potential applications of bio-inspired H-bonds for advanced removal of organometal micropollutants from wastewater. A bio-inspired OMC trap is designed The trap shows high affinity (10 6 mg L −1 ) and removal rate (99.9%) for low-level OMC High-density H bonds enhance the extraction effect A bio-inspired OMC trap reported by Tian et al. shows high extraction capacity of 99.9% toward low-concentration OMCs. This effect is attributed to the synergistic enhancement of high-density H bonds to the capture force for metal coordination, via modulation of atom distance, coordination environment, and coordination distance.

Highly efficient extraction of uranium from seawater by natural marine crab carapace

The sustainable access to uranium resource is critical for the sustainable development of nuclear energy industry. The global seawater contains thousands of times more uranium reserves than that on the land and can be a promising supply of uranium. Nevertheless, extraction of uranium from seawater is challenging due to the complex seawater environment and it’s urgent to develop adsorbents that suitable for being used in seawater environment. Herein, inspired by the high uranium concentrations in natural marine animal carapaces, the grinded marine crab carapace is used for uranium extraction. The crystalline calcium carbonate in crab carapace is identified as functional components for uranium adsorption for the first time. The grinded crab carapace achieves a high uranium extraction capacity of 1.38 mg g−1 in natural seawater. The EXAFS analysis and DFT calculations reveal that uranyl ion from seawater is bound by forming coordination bonds between uranium atom and oxygen atoms from the carbonate group and between axial oxygen atom from uranyl ion with calcium atom. Considering the promising uranium binding ability in natural seawater, the marine crab carapaces are highly potential for being used in uranium extraction from seawater.

Miniaturized green sample preparation approaches for pharmaceutical analysis

The development of green sample preparation procedures is an extremely important research field in which more and more applications are constantly being proposed in different areas, including pharmaceutical analysis. This review article is aimed at providing a general overview of the development of miniaturized green analytical sample preparation procedures in the pharmaceutical analysis field, with special focus on the works published between January 2017 and July 2021. Particular attention has been paid to the application of environmentally friendly solvents and sorbents as well as nanomaterials or high extraction capacity sorbents in which the solvent volumes and reagents amounts are drastically reduced, with their subsequent advantages from the sustainability point of view.

Concurrent magnesium and boron extraction from natural lithium brine and its optimization by response surface methodology

The high demand of lithium for electromobility and energy storage requires an efficient and sustainable optimization of the current extraction from natural lithium brine process. In this context, this study develops a simultaneous Mg2+ and B3+ extraction system, which could be a contribution to the elimination of precipitation stages and the generation of high purity lithium brine. This dual system composed of a dialkylphosphate ionic liquid and a 2-ethylhexanol/kerosene mixture as magnesium and boron extractors, respectively, was optimized by a mathematical and statistical method known as response surface methodology (RSM). The RSM method identified, through a small number of experiments, the interdependencies of the parameters involved in the extraction process, and calculated their optimal values to achieve the maximum extraction efficiency of Mg2+ and B3+. The optimization was performed from two approaches. The first, maximizing the extraction of Mg2+ and B3+, resulted in experimental efficiencies of 99.17% of Mg2+, 99.36% of B3+ and 23.54% of Li+; whereas the second, in which lithium co-extraction was minimized, yielded efficiencies of 83.56% Mg2+, 99.22% B3+ and 3.36% Li+, results that demonstrate the high extraction capacity of the system, as well as proving the validity of the statistical model.

Hollow zeolitic imidazolate framework-7 coated stainless steel fiber for solid phase microextraction of volatile biomarkers in headspace gas of breast cancer cell lines

In this work, we reported the preparation of the hollow zeolitic imidazolate framework-7 (ZIF-7) via etching ZIF-7 with tannic acid, and further fabricated the hollow ZIF-7 coated fiber for the solid phase microextraction (SPME) of the five volatile biomarkers (acetone, isopropanol, hexanal, hexanol and decanal) generated from breast cancer cell lines. The hollow structure not only endowed higher extraction performance for the SPME of analytes, but also improved the diffusion rate of the analytes inside the hollow ZIF-7. Under the optimal conditions, the hollow ZIF-7 coated fiber offered high extraction capacity (25–153 mg g−1) and enhancement factors (EFs, 2023–11250) for the five biomarkers, good linearity (R2 > 0.9918) of acetone and isopropanol (2.5–500 μg L−1) and hexanol, hexanal, and decanal (1.0–100 μg L−1), low limits of detection (S/N = 3) of 0.07–0.53 μg L−1 and the limit of quantifications (LOQs, S/N = 10) of 0.23–1.76 μg L−1. The precisions (RSDs, %) for intra-day (n = 6), inter-day (n = 5) and fiber-to-fiber (n = 6) were 2.8–7.5%, 4.3–8.5%, and 4.2–14.6%, respectively. The high EFs of the hollow ZIF-7 coated fiber for the five biomarkers resulted from the integrated effects of the large surface area, the unique porous structure, hydrophobic interaction, gate-opening effect, and enhanced properties after etching including faster mass transport, multiple active components, and more exposed active sites. The fabricated hollow ZIF-7 coated fiber lasted at least 140 cycles of extraction/desorption/aging without obvious decrease of extraction ability and no change of crystal structure. Finally, the hollow ZIF-7 coated fiber combined with GC-FID had been successfully used to detect the five biomarkers in the headspace gas of human breast cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-231) and normal mammary cell lines (CCD-1095Sk) with the recoveries of 84–105%. These results revealed the prospect of hollow MOFs as efficient adsorbents for sample pretreatment.