High Effect Sizes Research Articles

The Effect of Size Project Based Learning on Problem Solving Skills In Government Science Students

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Size Problem Based Learning on problem solving ability in government science students. This study is a type of meta-analysis research. Data sources in this study come from 10 national and international journals published from 2020-2024. The criteria for data eligibility are research derived from SINTA and Scopus indexed journals and proceedings, participants in this study of social science students, research related to the effect of size project based learning on problem solving ability in political science students, and the sample size must be large 20 students. Purposive sampling data collection techniques. Data analysis is calculating the effect size value with the help of Microsoft Excel 2020. The results of the study concluded that there was a significant influence of differentiation learning on the profile of Pancasila students in social science students in Indonesia with an average value of effect size 10 studies of 0.878 and Standard error of 0.342 with a high effect size category.

The Effectiveness of Flipped Classroom based Online Based Learning Model on Students Creative Thinking Skills

This research aims to determine the effectiveness of flipped classroom-based online learning to improve students' creative thinking skills. The type of research is meta-analysis research. Research data comes from 13 national and international journals published in 2018-2023. Data analysis using the JSAP application. The inclusion criteria in this meta-analysis are research obtained from Google Scholar, Researchgate, Taylor of Francis and Mendeley, research must be experimental or quasi-experimental methods related to flipped classroom-based online learning in experimental classes and conventional models in control classes, research comes from indexed journals SINTA and Scopus and research have complete data to calculate the effect size value. The research results concluded that the implementation of online based learning based on the flipped classroom had a positive effect on students' creative thinking skills with a mean effect size value of 1.080 in the high effect size category. These findings explain that online learning based on the flipped classroom is effectively implemented by schools to encourage students' creative thinking skills.
 Keywords:Online Based Learning, Flipped Classroom, Effect

Effectiveness of the STEAM based SETS Learning Model to Increase Student's Scientific Literacy in Science Learning

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of STEAM-based SETS learning to improve students' science literacy in science learning. This type of research is a meta-analysis of data collection through the analysis of 11 national and international journals published in 2021-2024. Data sampling techniques through purposive sampling techniques. The inclusion criteria in this study are research accessed through the google scholar database; ERIC, Sciencedirect and Wiley, research related to the STEAM-based SETS model to improve students' science literacy in science learning, Research must be indexed by SINTA, Scopus and WOS and research has complete data to calculate effect size. Data search keywords are SETS learning models, STEAM, Science literacy and Science learning. Data selection process through PRISMA method. Data analysis is quantitative analysis with the help of Microsoft Excel application. The results concluded that the STEM-based SETS learning model had a significant effect on students' science literacy skills with an average value of effect size (ES= 0.834) in the high effect size category. The findings provide important information that STEM-based STEM learning modes are effective for improving students' science literacy in science learning with N-gain = 0.41.

The Effectiveness of Ethnopedagogy Based Problem Based Learning Model on Students' Digital Literacy

The aim of this research is to determine the effectiveness of the ethnopedagogy-based problem based learning model on students' digital literacy. The type of research is meta-analysis research. The data sources in the research come from 13 national and international journals published from 2021-2024. Search for data sources through the online databases Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, Wiley and Researchgate. Data collection techniques are direct observation and documentation. Inclusion criteria are research originating from journals and proceedings indexed by Sinta, Scopus, EBSCO, Copernicus International and IEEE, research related to ethnopedagogy-based project based learning models for students' digital literacy, research having complete data to calculate the effect size, research must be open access, and has a sample size of 25 students. Data analysis through quantitative analysis by calculating the effect size value of each study with the help of the JSAP application. The research results concluded that the problem based learning model based on ethnopedagogy had a significant influence on digital literacy with an average effect size value of 0.819 with high effect size criteria. These findings provide important information for teachers in implementing problem based learning based on student ethnopedagogy to develop digital literacy.

The Effectiveness of Edmodo- Based Project Based Learning on Students HOTS

Abstract The 21st century has a significant impact on the development of education. 21st century education directs students to have higher order thinking skills (HOTS). Furthermore, project-based learning is one of the learning models that is highly recommended to encourage students' HOTS skills. Many applications of project-based learning models have not found the effect of edmodo-based project-based learning on students' HOTS skills. This study aims to determine the effect of edmodo-based project-based learning model on students' Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS). This type of research is a meta-analysis. The data source comes from the analysis of 10 national journals indexed by SINTA. Data sources were searched through Researcgate, Google Scholar, DOAJ and Mendeley. Inclusion criteria are that the research comes from SINTA indexed journals, the research must be experimental, the research was published in 2021-2023 and reports complete data for calculating effect size. Statistical analysis using JASP assistance. The results concluded that the edmodo-based project-based learning model had a significant effect on students' HOTS with an average effect size of 1.097 with high effect size criteria. This finding explains that the edmodo-based project-based learning model is effective in improving students' higher order thinking skills (HOTS) with a z value = 6.474; P < 0.001

Effectiveness of the STEM based TPACK Learning Model on Students 21 Century Skills in Indonesia

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of STEM-based TPACK learning models on students' 21st century skills in Indonesia. This research is a meta-analysis research by analysing 13 national and international journals published in 2021-2024. The inclusion criteria in this study are that the research comes from SINTA and Scopus indexed journals, the research must be experimental or quasi-experimental methods, research related to the STEM-based TPACK learning model, the dependent variable is related to 21st century thinking skills consisting of critical thinking and problem solving, creative, collaborative and communicative, the research has complete data to calculate the effect size value, and the research must be open access and sample size > 28 students. Data search through google scholar, ERIC, Taylor of francis and Mendeley. The data filtering process with the PRISMA method. Data analysis is quantitative analysis by calculating the effect size value with the help of the SPSS application. The results concluded that the STEM-based TPACK learning model had a positive effect on students' 21st century thinking skills in Indonesia with an average effect size value (ES = 1.09) in the high effect size category. The findings provide information for teachers that the implementation of STEM-based TPACK learning is effective in developing students' 21st century thinking skills

Never tell me the odds: Investigating pro-hoc explanations in medical decision making

This paper examines a kind of explainable AI, centered around what we term pro-hoc explanations, that is a form of support that consists of offering alternative explanations (one for each possible outcome) instead of a specific post-hoc explanation following specific advice. Specifically, our support mechanism utilizes explanations by examples, featuring analogous cases for each category in a binary setting. Pro-hoc explanations are an instance of what we called frictional AI, a general class of decision support aimed at achieving a useful compromise between the increase of decision effectiveness and the mitigation of cognitive risks, such as over-reliance, automation bias and deskilling. To illustrate an instance of frictional AI, we conducted an empirical user study to investigate its impact on the task of radiological detection of vertebral fractures in x-rays. Our study engaged 16 orthopedists in a ‘human-first, second-opinion’ interaction protocol. In this protocol, clinicians first made initial assessments of the x-rays without AI assistance and then provided their final diagnosis after considering the pro-hoc explanations. Our findings indicate that physicians, particularly those with less experience, perceived pro-hoc XAI support as significantly beneficial, even though it did not notably enhance their diagnostic accuracy. However, their increased confidence in final diagnoses suggests a positive overall impact. Given the promisingly high effect size observed, our results advocate for further research into pro-hoc explanations specifically, and into the broader concept of frictional AI.

Responsiveness of Subjective and Objective Measures of Pain and Function Following Operative Interventions for Musculoskeletal Conditions: A Narrative Review.

Musculoskeletal (MSK) disorders affect ~50% of US adults and 75% of those over the age of 65, representing a sizable economic and disability burden. Outcome measures, both objective and subjective, help clinicians and investigators determine whether interventions to treat MSK conditions are effective. This narrative review qualitatively compared the responsiveness of different types of outcome measures, a key measurement characteristic that assesses an outcome measure's ability to detect change in patient status. We evaluated elective orthopedic interventions as a model for assessing responsiveness because the great majority of patients improves following surgery. We searched for articles reporting responsiveness (quantified as effect size [ES]) of subjective and objective outcome measures after orthopedic surgery and included 16 articles reporting 17 interventions in this review. In 14 of 17 interventions, subjective function measures had an ES 10% greater than that of objective function measures. Two reported a difference in ES of <10%. The sole intervention that demonstrated higher ES of objective function used a composite measure. Sixteen interventions reported measures of subjective pain and/or mixed measures and subjective function. In nine interventions, subjective pain had a higher ES than subjective function by >10%, in three, subjective function had a higher ES than subjective pain by >10%, and in the remaining four, the difference between pain and function was <10%. These findings reinforce the clinical observation that subjective pain generally changes more than function following elective orthopedic surgery. They also suggest that subjective function measures are more responsive than objective function measures, and composite scores may be more responsive than individual performance tests.

The Influence of the Flipped Learning Model on Creative Thinking Ability in the Revolution 4.0 era

Many applications of flipped learning have a huge impact on students' creative thinking ability in learning. However, no deep conclusions have been found and are still subjective. This study aims to determine the influence of flipped learning to improve students' creative thinking skills in the era of the industrial revolution 4.0. This type of research is a meta-analysis. The research data came from google scholar, Researchgaet, ScienceDirect and ERIC. The inclusion criteria in this study are research from SINTA and Scopus indexed journals; Research must be experimental or quasi-experimental; Research related to flipped learning models on students' creative thinking skills; Research published in 2020-2024; The study must have complete data to calculate the value of effect size; sample size (N) &gt; 25 students. The results of the analysis of 15 journals concluded that there was a significant influence on students' creative thinking ability with a high mean effect size (ES = 1.12) criterion. These findings explain the application of flipped learning effectively helps teachers and students in improving creative thinking skills in the learning process.

Effect Size Model Inquiry Based Learning on the Ability of Pancasila Student Profile

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the size of the inquiry-based learning model on the ability of the student profile of Pancasila students. This type of research is quantitative research with a meta-analysis approach. Data sources come from 10 journals published 2020-2024. The process of searching for data through google scholar, mendeley, ScienceDirect, ERIC and Taylor of Francis. Data selection process using PRISMA 2020 method. Inclusion criteria are research must be experimental methods, research comes from national and international journals indexed by SINTA and Scopus, research must be related to research variables, research subjects of elementary, junior high and high school students, and research has complete data to calculate the value of effect size. Data analysis is calculating the effect value of each study with the help of Microsoft Excel 2020. The results of the study concluded that the inquiry-based learning model had a significant influence on the ability of the student profile of Pancasila students with an average effect size value of 0.806 with high effect size criteria. This study provides important information for teachers to implement inquiry-based learning models on the ability of student profiles of Pancasila students

Lysholm and KOOS QoL Demonstrate High Responsiveness in Patients Undergoing Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials.

There have been a large number of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) used to assess outcomes after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction (ACLR). The purpose was to determine which PROMs are being commonly used in randomized clinical trials (RCTs) to assess patients undergoing ACLR and to compare the responsiveness between them. It was hypothesized that the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score would be the most commonly used and responsive PROM among patients undergoing ACLR. Meta-analysis. Level of evidence, 2. PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines were followed, and relevant studies were extracted from the PubMed/MEDLINE and Web of Science databases. The inclusion criteria were English-language RCTs reporting on PROMs after ACLR. For articles meeting our inclusion criteria for responsiveness analysis (≥2 PROMs reported, 1 year minimum follow-up, and reported pre- and postoperative PROM means and standard deviations), the responsiveness between PROMs was compared using effect size (ES) and relative efficiency (RE). A total of 108 articles met the inclusion criteria, comprising 9034 patients (mean age, 29.9 years; mean body mass index, 24.3; mean follow-up time, 36.1 months). There were 34 PROMs identified. The top 3 most commonly reported PROMs were the IKDC (n = 68; 63.0%), Lysholm (n = 65; 60.2%), and Tegner (n = 47; 43.5%) scores. The 2 PROMs with the highest ES were the ACL-Quality of Life (QoL) (3.37) and Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) QoL (2.07) scores. Compared with other PROMs, Lysholm and KOOS QoL scores had the greatest RE values. The Lysholm score had a greater RE than the KOOS Pain (RE, 1.17), KOOS Symptoms (RE, 1.22), KOOS Activities of Daily Living (ADL) (RE, 1.42), KOOS Sport/Recreation (RE, 1.55), KOOS QoL (RE, 1.41), and Tegner (RE, 2.89) scores. KOOS QoL had a greater RE than the IKDC (RE, 1.32), KOOS Pain (RE, 1.60), KOOS Symptoms (RE, 2.12), KOOS ADL (RE, 3.03), KOOS Sport/Recreation (RE, 1.27), and Tegner (RE, 2.06) scores. The IKDC score is the most commonly reported PROM in RCTs after ACLR; however, the Lysholm and KOOS QoL scores demonstrated the highest responsiveness in patients undergoing ACLR compared with other PROMs.

Effect Size Model Pembelajaran Project Based Learning Berbasis IoT terhadap Keterampilan Berpikir Abad 21 Siswa

This research aims to determine the effect of IoT based Project Based Learning on Students' 21st Century Skills. This type of research is a meta-analysis research type. The data source in this research comes from an analysis of 13 journals published 2020-2024. Data source search process via Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, Researchgate, Taylor of Francis and ERIC. Data search keywords are Internet of Things, Project Based Learning, Influence of IoT based on Project Based Learning on students' critical thinking skills. Data collection techniques are direct observation and documentation. Data analysis calculates the effect size value of the entire research using the JSAP application. The results of this research conclude that there is an influence of the Internet of Things based on project based learning on students' critical thinking skills with an average effect size value of 1.18 in the high effect size category. These findings show that the application of the Internet of Things based on project based learning is effective in encouraging students' critical thinking skills

Role of intratympanic glucocorticoid treatment in sudden hearing loss

Idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISSNHL) is one of the most common diseases in otolaryngology. Its etiology remains unknown. Furthermore, there is only alow level of evidence for the efficacy of established treatment modalities. In addition to systemic glucocorticoids, intratympanic corticosteroid treatment (ICT) has become increasingly important for treatment of ISSNHL. Different application strategies and treatment regimens have been described; however, uniform standards do not yet exist. ICT may be used for primary treatment as well as salvage therapy. Current data from meta-analyses show no benefit of intratympanic versus systemic primary therapy for sudden hearing loss (moderate evidence) but suggest abenefit of intratympanic secondary treatment over no treatment or placebo (high effect size, low evidence). Regarding combination of systemic and local glucocorticoid therapy in primary treatment of hearing loss, there may be asmall benefit over systemic treatment alone (low effect size, low evidence).

Are 6 more accurate than 4? The influence of different modes of delivery on postpartum depression and PTSD

BackgroundEmpirical evidence shows that 4.6–6.3% of all women develop a post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and approximately 10–15% postpartum depression (PPD) following childbirth. This study explores the relationship between delivery mode and the occurrence of PTSD and PPD, specifically examining four distinct caesarean section (CS) modes: primary on maternal request (Grade 4), medically indicated primary (Grade 3), secondary CS from relative indication (Grade 2) and emergency secondary CS (Grade 1), compared to vaginal and assisted vaginal delivery (AVD). The research aims to understand how these six subcategories of delivery modes impact PPD and PTSD levels. Common predictors, including the need for psychological treatment before childbirth, fear of childbirth, planning of pregnancy, induction of labor, birth debriefing, and lack of social support after childbirth, will be analyzed to determine their association with postpartum mental health outcomes.MethodsThe study was planned and carried out by a research team of the psychology department at the Medical School Hamburg, Germany. Within an online-study (cross-sectional design) N = 1223 German speaking women with a baby who did not die before, during or after birth were surveyed once between four weeks and twelve months postpartum via an anonymous online questionnaire on demographic and gynecological data, delivery mode, PTSD (PCL-5) and PPD (EPDS).ResultsFor both psychiatric disorders, ANOVA revealed significant differences between delivery mode and PPD and PTSD. With weak effects for PPD and medium to strong effects for PTSD. Post-hoc tests showed increased levels of PPD for two CS types (Grade 1, Grade 3) compared to vaginal delivery. For PTSD, secondary CS from relative indication (Grade 2), emergency secondary CS (Grade 1) and assisted vaginal delivery (AVD) were associated with elevated levels of PTSD. Regression analysis revealed delivery mode as a significant predictor of EPDS- (medium effect size) and PCL-5-Score (medium to high effect size).LimitationDelivery was considered as the potential traumatic event, and any previous traumas were not documented. Additionally, the categorization of delivery modes relied on subjective reports rather than medical confirmation.ConclusionThe study highlights the influence of delivery mode on the mental health of postpartum mothers: different modes influence postpartum disorders in various ways. However, the definition of delivery mode was only stated subjectively and not medically confirmed. Further research should investigate which aspects of the different delivery modes affect maternal mental health and explore how the perception of childbirth may be influenced by specific delivery experiences.

THE INFLUENCE OF THE INTERNET OF THINGS IN EDUCATION: META-ANALYSIS

This research aims to determine the influence of the Internet of Things (IoT) in education. This type of research is meta-analysis research. The research sample came from an analysis of 13 national and international journals. Search research data through google Scholar, ERIC, ScienceDirect, and ProQuest databases. Data search keywords are Internet of Things and Internet of Things in Education. The inclusion criteria in the meta-analysis are publications in 2020-2023, research related to the internet of things in education, publications from indexed journals SINTA, Scopus, and WOS, and research reporting complete data to calculate effect size values. Analysis uses quantitative analysis by calculating the value of effect size with the help of Comperehensive meta-analysis (CMA) applications. The results concluded that the average value of effect size was 0. 95 with high ketogeri effect size. These findings explain the significant influence of the Internet of things in education.

Abstract TP92: Feasibility of a Poststroke Without-Fail Care Rate to Assess Rehabilitation and Follow-Up Care

Introduction: Large cohort studies show substantial variability in poststroke care. We developed a guideline-based poststroke without-fail care rate (PWR) to measure rehabilitation and follow-up care quality (Table 1). Our primary aim was to test PWR feasibility to measure guideline-concordant poststroke care among individuals discharged from an urban safety net hospital. Secondarily, we evaluated socioeconomic strain’s (SES) relationship with PWR. Methods: We reviewed electronic medical records of individuals with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) admitted to an urban safety net hospital from July 1 - August 31, 2022. Individuals were given a pass/fail or ineligible for each process. The PWR, calculated per individual, was passes/total number of eligible processes (score 0-1.0). Results: Out of 30 persons with AIS, 20 were eligible for PWR assessment (Table 2). Mean PWR was 0.598 (SD .210, range .273-.900). Most processes were readily available, with no observable floor or ceiling effects. Lowest pass rates were seen in therapy continuance, PCP follow-up, blood pressure control, and exercise. The PWR difference between individuals with SES (M = .443, SD =.135) and without SES (M = .634, SD = .246) lacked statistical significance but demonstrated a high effect size; t(10) = 1.66, p = .064, d = .961. Conclusion: The PWR is a feasible tool to assess quality of poststroke care and may be useful to identify and evaluate interventions to improve equity and quality of poststroke care. The high effect size of SES warrants further examination in a larger sample.

Is Visual Prediction Impaired in Adolescents with Autism spectrum Disorder? Event-Related Potentials in a Cued Visual GO/NOGO Task.

Aim: Deviant visual processing has been observed in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), manifesting as decreased P1 and P2 components of visual event-related potentials (ERPs). Alterations have been attributed to a failure of Bayesian inference, characterized by hypo-activation of top-down predictive abilities. To test this hypothesis, we measured the visual negativity (vN) as an ERP index of visual preparation hypothesized to mirror predictive brain activity. Method: ERPs in a cued visual GO/NOGO task in 63 adolescents with ASD (IQ > 70, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder excluded) were compared with ERPs in a sex- and age-matched group of 60 typically developing (TD) controls. Results: The behavioral variables (omissions, commissions, reaction time, and reaction time variability), as well as ERP components reflecting, among other processes, cognitive control (contingent negative variation, P3 GO, P3 NOGO, N2 NOGO) did not differ between the groups. There were group differences in visually based ERPs. Besides P1 and P2 differences, the vN component differentiated the 2 groups with the highest effect size (d = 0.74).Conclusion: This ERP study lends support to the hypothesis suggesting that a Bayesian hypo-prediction could underlie unique perceptual experiences in individuals with ASD. This could lead to a predisposition to perceive the world with reduced influence and modulation from contextual cues, prior experiences, and pre-existing expectations.

Financial scarcity and cognitive performance: A meta-analysis

Whereas several studies find that financial scarcity has a detrimental impact on cognitive functioning, some studies find no relationship and others even report beneficial effects. To shed light on this issue we conducted a meta-analysis on the relationship between financial scarcity and cognitive functioning. We went beyond testing the direct relationship between these two concepts and looked at potential moderators, namely education, the moment of scarcity, the severity of scarcity, the type of tasks used to assess cognitive functioning, and the type of study. Our findings suggest that scarcity does have a detrimental effect on cognitive functioning. Across 256 effect sizes from 29 datasets involving 111,852 respondents, we found a detrimental total effect of scarcity on cognitive performance of Hedge’s g = -0.43. We then estimated a meta-regression model of the drivers of the effect of scarcity on cognition. Education strongly explained this relationship, reducing the effect size by 60 % (partial effect of scarcity on cognitive performance is Hedge’s g = -0.15, when accounting for education), to a small effect size. The moment and the severity of scarcity also contribute to this relationship, by moderating the effect, such that lifetime and adulthood scarcity have a larger effect than childhood scarcity, and more extreme levels of scarcity lead to higher cognitive dysfunction. The type of task used to assess cognitive functioning did not moderate the effect. And when controlling for education, higher effect sizes were found for non-correlational designs. We discuss these findings and their implications in light of existing research and theories.

The Acute, Combined, and Separate Effects of Cold Hemodialysis and Intradialytic Exercise in Insulin Sensitivity and Glucose Disposal.

Hemodialysis (HD) patients suffer from multiple health problems, including severe insulin resistance. Both cold dialysis and intradialytic exercise training could elicit health benefits; however, it is still unknown whether the combination of those two approaches could enhance overall health. The current study aimed to evaluate the separate and combined acute effects of a single session of cold dialysis and intradialytic exercise in parameters related to insulin sensitivity and glucose disposal. Ten HD patients (57.2 ± 14.9 years) participated in the study. Each patient participated in four different scenarios during HD: a) typical dialysis with dialysate temperature at 37°C (TD), b) cold dialysis with dialysate temperature at 35°C, c) typical HD combined with a single exercise bout, d) cold dialysis combined with a single exercise bout. Glucose disposal and insulin resistance were assessed immediately after the end of the HD session. None of the examined parameters significantly differed between the four scenarios ( p > 0.05). However, slight numerical changes and moderate to high effect size ( d : 0.50-0.85) were observed between TD versus cold dialysis and TD versus TD + exercise in glucose and insulin disposal rates. A single session of cold and TD with intradialytic exercise may provide an "acute" time-efficient stimulus for consecutively improving glucose disposal and insulin sensitivity.

The Effects of a Physical Activity Intervention on Adiposity, Physical Fitness and Motor Competence: A School-Based, Non-Randomized Controlled Trial.

This study is a non-randomized controlled trial involving 173 children from Chile. The intervention was based on an ecological model and consisted of a physical activity program with three simultaneous parts, affecting intra- and interpersonal dimensions. The adiposity index, body mass index and waist circumference were measured. For physical fitness, muscle strength in the lower part, speed/agility and cardiorespiratory fitness were measured. Motor competence was assessed using catching, aiming and dynamic and static balance tests. After the intervention, there was no reduction in adiposity indices; in the intervention group, body mass index increased significantly with a high effect size. The intervention group showed significant differences in physical fitness in the components of muscle strength in the lower part (p = 0.000) and speed/agility (p = 0.002). For motor competence, the intervention group showed significant improvements in most components. The multicomponent intervention did not reduce adiposity indices; however, it caused significant improvements in the physical fitness and motor competence components, so it seems prudent to continue implementing it, given the benefits that adequate levels of motor competence and physical fitness bring to children's health, both in the short and long term.