Higher Education Institutions In Pakistan Research Articles

Exploring Leadership Dilemma for Faculty: A Case of Higher Education institutions in Pakistan

Effective leadership in academia is crucial as well as an important component for the success of higher education institutions and to produce graduates of the twenty-first century. However, the complexity of educational reforms, multiple goals, and traditional norms stimulate vague and contested leadership amongst faculty members. The paper reveals the significance of leadership for higher education institutions and explore how leadership abilities can be indoctrinate at the faculty level. A qualitative study was designed by arranging a series of focus group discussions to collect the data. By conducting thematic analysis; few themes emerged which enlightens the significance of academic leadership. In higher education institutions faculty members directly promote the institutional teaching mission, advance learning, and research by representing themselves as core human resources of higher education institutions. Lastly, the paper presents the art of practicing situational leadership in educational reforms considering different paradigms of leadership.

"Who Champions or Mentors Others"? The Role of Personal Resources in the Perceived Organizational Politics and Job Attitudes Relationship.

Drawing insight from affective events theory, this study presents a new dimension of perceived organizational politics and job attitudes. The motivation for this study was based on the fact that perceived organizational politics affect job attitudes and that personal resources (political skill and work ethic) moderate the direct relationship between perceived organizational politics and job attitudes in the context of the higher-education sector. In this regard, the data was collected through purposive sampling from 310 faculty members from higher-education institutions in Pakistan. To test the relationships among the variables, we employed structural equation modeling via the AMOS software version 24.0. The results indicated that perceived organizational politics were significantly negatively related to job satisfaction. Moreover, perceived organizational politics were non-significantly related to job involvement. Political skill and work ethic weakened the relationship between perceived organizational politics and job satisfaction. We anticipated that these personal resources could mitigate the negative effect of perceived organizational politics and job attitudes. This study also suggests organizations to train their employees to develop essential personal skills.

Sustainability in higher education: what is happening in Pakistan?

PurposeSustainability in higher education has gained the attention of researchers and academia; however, there is still a need to explore and assess it from different perspectives that are unexplored. This study aims to evaluate and report sustainability and sustainable development in the higher education sector of Pakistan.Design/methodology/approachThere are 195 recognized and registered degree awarding institutes in Pakistan. A survey-based study was designed using self-administered questionnaires distributed among the deans of 145 Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) using a simple random sampling technique. Responses were recorded using five-point Likert scale. In this study, 74 HEIs participated while 69 responses were complete in all respects and used for data analysis. Responses were recorded and analyzed using descriptive statistics.FindingsThe results show little evidence of sustainability in all areas of HEIs (including; curriculum, research, faculty, stakeholder’s engagement and governance). Sustainability of campus (operations) was evident and, to a certain extent, apparent in outreach activities. The core objective of HEIs is teaching and research, however, HEIs in Pakistan have yet to accommodate sustainability in these core areas. Sustainability in HEIs of Pakistan is in the preliminary and the introductory stage. For the attainment of sustainability in HEIs, comprehensive planning and internal governance are required.Research limitations/implicationsThis study was based on a survey to report the overall situation of sustainability in Pakistan’s HEIs. Therefore, it has the limitation of being a descriptive study. Nevertheless, this study contributed to the body of knowledge by reporting sustainability practices from the Pakistani context. This study helped identify critical aspects of sustainability that require the attention of both regulatory authority and top management.Originality/valueThis is a comprehensive study based on extensive research survey techniques to present and report sustainability in higher education in Pakistan. The data collected represents the major HEIs in Pakistan and has contributed to the body of knowledge by presenting the contemporary and contextual situation of sustainability in HEIs of Pakistan.

Impact of Workplace Spirituality on Organizational Commitment with the Mediating Role of Organizational Culture

The importance of Workplace spirituality is gaining fame among scholars. In the recent past, management’s scholars have successfully found its affiliation with different variables. The aim of this study is to add knowledge in literature and provide suggestion for practical implementation, regarding the subject. All the results are based on empirical analysis of the data collected in Higher Education Institutions of Pakistan. The study investigated the causal affiliation between workplace spirituality and organizational commitment of faculty members with the mediating variable of organizational culture. Research was conducted in the public sector universities of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Four universities were selected randomly out of 29 universities. Questionnaire was used for the collection of data with 7-point Likert scale. Two hundred questionnaires were distributed among the selected universities out of which one hundred and ninety questionnaires were received. The study used Barron and Kenny’s method and hypothesis were confirmed with multiple regression analysis. Results indicate that workplace spirituality (WPS) has positive and significant association with organizational culture and the later significantly mediates the impact of WPS on organizational commitment. Those employees who are spiritually motivated coupled with a positive organizational culture leads to enhanced commitment of employee.

The Impact of Servant Leadership on Follower Turnover Intentions: Mediating Role of Resilience

Manuscript type: Research paper Research aims: This paper aims to investigate the impact of servant leadership on turnover intentions within the context of higher education institutions (HEIs). It further examines how resilience affects the relationship between the two variables. Design/Methodology/Approach: Based on the conservation of resource theory, a research model has been developed and tested through a questionnaire survey approach. Data collected from 301 academics in HEIs in Pakistan were analysed using covariance-based structural equation modelling. Research findings: The study provides empirical evidence on the importance of having leaders who administer servant leadership, as this will help to reduce the turnover intention. It also reports the mediating effect of employee resilience. Theoretical contribution/Originality: This study expands the previous literature by focussing on the servant leadership type, which has potentially led to positive followers’ behaviour. It also fills the research gap by incorporating employee resilience as a mediating variable. Practitioner/Policy implication: Principals, directors and vicechancellors of HEIs should reconsider their leadership strategies to promote a positive working environment, as this will help to address the problem of employee turnover. Research limitation/Implication: Since the data were collected from Pakistan, it may not be possible to generalise the findings. &nbsp

Problem-Focused Coping Strategies, Workplace Bullying, and Sustainability of HEIs

Amid the strain related to the necessity of distance learning and related organizational adjustments in higher education institutions (HEIs), this paper re-examines the problem-focused coping strategy and its efficiency in addressing work-related strain. A case for the centrality of a problem-focused coping strategy in maintaining sustainability and resilience of HEIs is made. To this end, the spotlight is directed at workplace bullying in HEIs, which—due to its implications for absenteeism, turnover, and productivity—represents one of the most challenging issues in talent management in HEIs. What is termed here “hidden cost of workplace bullying” constitutes a direct challenge for HEIs sustainability and resilience. The discussion and the findings elaborated in this paper are based on a survey (n = 400) conducted across HEIs in Pakistan. It is argued that the findings are generalizable, which makes this paper an important addition to the literature on sustainability and resilience in HEIs.

Demonstrating the motivational scale for commitments toward teachers’ turnover intentions using self-determination theory: a case of higher education institutions in Pakistan

PurposeThis paper aims to demonstrate the turnover intentions (TIs) among the academic faculty of higher education institutions (HEIs) in Pakistan through their motivation and commitment toward the concerned institution. It inspects the relationship of dimensions of motivation including an absence of motivation (AM), extrinsic motivation (ExM) and intrinsic motivation (InM) with the dimensions of commitment including affective commitment (AC), continuous commitment (CC) and normative commitment (NC) and finally the academic's TIs.Design/methodology/approachThe paper used the self-determination theory (SDT), the theory of organizational commitment (OC) and the theory of planned behavior (TPB) for its proposed model. A sample of 500 academics, working under higher education commission recognized public and private universities in Punjab Pakistan. A structural equation modeling (SEM) conducted for analysis using an algorithm, bootstrapping and blindfolding techniques.FindingsThe outcomes of the research are attention-grabbing, as no direct relationship has been observed between the dimensions of motivation and TIs except InM. The dimensions of commitments are mediating the relationship between motivation and TIs with high significance value. The results reveal a significant adverse effect on TIs through two dimensions of commitment.Research limitations/implicationsAs it is the case of a developing country like Pakistan therefore the finding cannot generalize to developed countries.Practical implicationsThe findings of this research may lead the policymakers and practitioners of HEIs and controlling body to retain their competent teachers.Social implicationsThis research can help the private sector to develop strategies about the retention of their competent teachers within the institutions that not just value the institution but also will be much beneficial for the students and society.Originality/valueThis paper is identifying how motivation is related to TIs and the role of commitment in it at HEIs. Still, no research has been conducted considering this avenue of SDT, OC and TPB

Curriculum up-gradation practices among higher education institutions of Pakistan: does curriculum ideologies make difference?

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to find out the perception of prospective teachers and teacher educators regarding the curriculum ideologies. The student–teachers and teacher educators from a public university of Pakistan participated in the study.Design/methodology/approachThe current study has employed quantitative approach and used descriptive survey research design. The data was collected through the convenience sampling techniques. The data was collected through a questionnaire developed by Schiro in 2008. The questionnaire consisting of six parts and each part contains four statements on the curriculum ideologies of Scholar Academy, Social efficacy learner centered and social reconstruction ideology. The population of study comprised of 200 Prospective teachers of education department of a public sector University of Sindh, Pakistan. The data was collected by using 4-point Likert scale. The likert scale was ranging from the first priority to least priority. The reliability statistics was computed through Cronbach alpha α = 0.763. The data was analyzed through Statistical package for social science (SPSS) version 23.0 and mean and percentages were computed in this study.FindingsThe findings of the study revealed that most of the prospective teachers as well faculty members are following the scholar academy ideology to align with national goals of curriculum. The prospective teachers and faculty members believe that knowledge should be transferred from the institutions to the learners rather than the knowledge can be disseminated from the other sources as per the new dimensions for updated curriculum.Practical implicationsThe current study suggests curriculum ideology awareness programs should be given to prospective teachers and faculty members before their induction. The study also recommends that a survey study can be conducted from teachers and teacher educators before designing the national curriculum of Pakistan because majority of participants believed that knowledge can only be transferred from institutions.Originality/valueThis empirical study has given thoughtful insights to investigate the curriculum ideologies with new dimensions for those who are studying in teacher education courses and for their mentors. So, this study has contributed new knowledge in the context of Sindh, Pakistan specifically in the domain of curriculum ideologies and frameworks.

The Influence of Student feedback on Teaching Effectiveness and Students satisfaction at Higher Education level

Although with the rapid number of increased public and private higher education institutions in Pakistan, today the biggest challenge for stakeholders and the educational institutions is to ensure quality of higher education. The current study was aimed at investigating the influence of student feedback on teaching effectiveness and students’ satisfaction. The research philosophy of this study is positivism and the research design is explanatory design. The research approach is deductive reasoning. The type of investigation is causal study. The population of this study is all engineering universities of Sindh. Sample size was n=1066 collected from undergraduate students of ten public and private institutions in university setting. The unit of analysis for quantitative study is individual university student. The time horizon for this study was cross-sectional. Sampling technique was probability sampling wherein simple random sampling technique was used for data collection. Cronbach Alpha Reliability of the instrument (34 items) was 0.938 which was considered quite good (Hair, Black, Babin, Anderson, & Tatham, 2011).Quantitative data were analyzed through statistical software, AMOS version 22 wherein 2nd Order CFA and SEM were performed. 
 The results of study revealed that students’ feedback has a significant impact on teaching effectiveness at higher education level and teaching effectiveness has a significant impact on students’ satisfaction at higher education level as (β=1.553, p value=0.000) and (β=0.981, p value=0.000) respectively. This study recommends that student feedback is valid, consistent, and reliable for the teaching effectiveness and students’ satisfaction. Seminars and workshops should be arranged on the importance of student feedback for creating awareness and trust building among the students and faculty. Faculty should ensure to address short comings in teaching and learning process and student feedback may be utilized positively for the teaching effectiveness and students’ satisfaction at higher education level.

Institutional Internal Quality Assurance Assessment Practices and Student Satisfaction


 
 
 In Pakistan, all higher education institutions (HEIs) are accredited by the higher education commission and have formed a directorate of quality assurance to accomplish the quality goal and enforce internal quality assurance (IQA) policies through the quality enhancement cells (QECs). Self-assessment of an academic program is a part of the IQA policy. It includes teaching-learning processes, institutional facilities, process control, computer labs, program mission, objectives, and outcomes. In the past, limited research has been done on institutional internal quality assurance practices based on Self-Assessment Report and student satisfaction. The study aims to find the level of student satisfaction, and the relationship between student satisfaction in HEIs of Pakistan. The study used a quantitative method by circulating online questionnaires to 136 top managers and student representatives using proportionate stratified random sampling, in which 112 questionnaires were received for analysis. Statistical Package for Social Science is used in the study to test the hypothesis using regression. The findings showed based on the top manager’s perception in HEIs are at a moderate level. Furthermore, based on the student representative’s perception, the student satisfaction level was also at a moderate level. The study also found a positive relationship between quality practices and student satisfaction. The findings of the study contribute to a new path for future researchers which will contribute towards improvement in the quality of research and teaching. In addition, the study has also provided suggestions for future research.
 
 

Testing and Validating DeLone and MacLean IS Model: ERP System Success in Higher Education Institutions of Pakistan

The universities in Pakistan have recently started replacing their old legacy systems with ERP systems which are commonly used in business organizations to gain a competitive edge over competitors. The Higher Education Commission (HEC) has implemented ERPs systems at eight different Universities in Pakistan. HEC has invested a huge amount of money to facilitate the integration, customization, and implementation of ERP systems in these universities. Previous studies have mainly focused on Critical Success Factors (CSFs) and risk factors of ERP systems. This study intends to empirically measure the support of ERP systems in teaching processes. DeLone and McLean model of Information Systems (IS) success is one of the most commonly used models cited in IS literature. In this study, the DeLone and McLean model was applied at a University level analysis to access the impact of ERP in higher educational institutions and their support in the improvement of academic processes. Hypotheses were tested on the research model using empirical data collected from 230 respondents, including students and faculty at two selected universities, with the use of a questionnaire. The data were analyzed by structural equation modeling. The model was empirically tested and the findings showed that use and user satisfaction affected most net benefits. Information quality, system quality, and service quality accounted for 42.6% effect in use. Whereas, information quality, system quality, service quality, and use accounted for 46.5% variance in user satisfaction.

Challenges of Implementing a Performance and Reward System in Higher Education Institutions in Pakistan: Perceptions of Top Leaders in Contending Regulatory Bodies

This article is a study of the challenges of implementing a performance and rewards management system for academics (Tenure Track System - TTS) in Pakistan over the last decade. The main empirical focus is on the perceptions of the leading implementer, the Higher Education Commission (HEC). These are supplemented by the perceptions of the Provincial Higher Education Commission (PHEC) in Punjab. Semi-structured interviews and document analysis were the two methods used to collect data. The study is based on two perspectives from organizational theory, a structural and a cultural perspective. The main findings highlight how leaders implemented TTS despite its incompatibility with the structure and culture of public universities in Pakistan. The study also revealed tensions between two reward systems – BPS and TTS – as well as the effects of the 18th constitutional amendment on the implementation of higher education programs. This study contributes insights into the reform of the higher education system in developing countries in the context of NPM.

Challenges to Learners with Disabilities in the Higher Education Institutions in Pakistan: A Review

Due to numerous reasons, educating learners with disabilities is an uphill task in Pakistan. Low enrolment and high dropout ratio of such learners need the attention of all stakeholders. The study inquired into the problems faced by learners with disabilities in Universities of Pakistan. The study, by reviewing the literature, examines the accessibility of learners with disabilities in universities, teachers' training, teaching methods, attitudinal challenges, and support services. The study concludes that these students face attitudinal problems both from fellow students and teachers; lack of access to classrooms, libraries, administrative offices; unfriendly teaching methods; untrained teaching staff; hostile environment; lack of assistive devices and transport to, from and inside the campus. The study recommends accessible buildings, accessible transport, capacity development of faculty in special and inclusive education, access to library and administration, curriculum revision, and implementation of policies regarding the inclusive education system.

Drivers of violent extremism in higher education institutions of Pakistan

ABSTRACT Since 2004, madrassas (Islamic seminaries) of Pakistan have been the primary focus of peace education interventions in Pakistan. The incidents of violence involving university students are a historic phenomenon in Pakistan, but the tendencies of violent clashes on university campuses and recruitment of university student in violent extremism are increasing. Despite an increasing number of violent clashes on university campuses and recruitment of university students by Islamists for jihad (holy war), there is negligible literature on university students’ radicalization in Pakistan. This study provides empirical data based on a comparative analysis of students’ perception from two public sector universities of Pakistan, namely the International Islamic University Islamabad (IIUI) and the Quaid-i-Azam University (QAU). The findings suggest different dynamics of hate speech, availability of extremist material and extremist recruitment between the two universities. While the QAU campus is dominated by politically motivated ethnic groups, the IIUI students are exposed to religiously motivated contents, violence, and recruitment. As it is reported in this study, the differences between the two universities are also because most of the IIUI students have religious inclinations because of their madrassa backgrounds and also because of the dominance of groups like the Islami Jamiat-e-Talaba Pakistan.

Identifying the Current Trends of Entrepreneurial Education in Pakistani Higher Education Institutions

Education is considered as a driving force to accomplish the work efficiently. In this regard, business studies play an essential role in increasing the capabilities and skills of the individual as entrepreneurial orientation increase employment opportunities and act as a driving force to boost up the country’s economy. Higher Education Institutions’ role is significant in imparting entrepreneurial education among students, as Pakistani Higher Education Institutions have established the Entrepreneurship and Development Center (EDC), which is responsible for entrepreneurial training, seminar, workshops, discussion sessions, conferences, and entrepreneurial fairs. This paper aims to review the entrepreneurial education in developing Asia, specifically in Pakistan. This study is based on secondary data, taken from 30+ journal papers, 5+ HEC Annual Reports, and 4+ books in order to investigate the current trends of entrepreneurial education in developing countries, especially in Higher Education Institutions of Pakistan. The result shows that confronted challenges of entrepreneurial education in Pakistan are untrained staff in EDC, curriculum flaws, less governmental support, lack of subject experts and qualified faculty, and frequent changes in higher administration of universities. Recommendations have proposed for entrepreneurial success in Pakistani HEIs, and a model is proposed to follow.

ORGANIZATIONAL CLIMATE AND JOB SATISFACTION IN 21ST CENTURY HIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTES

Purpose of the study: Twenty-first century has brought some fundamental changes in all types of organizations. Higher education is one being the most effected. The purpose of the current study was to explore such Work Climate dimensions that contribute towards job satisfaction in higher education institutes of Pakistan.
 Methodology: Descriptive statistics were selected for data collection through two adapted questionnaires. These questionnaires were about Job Satisfaction named as Mohrman- Cokke-Mohrman Job Satisfaction Scale (MCMJSS) and Organizational Climate Questionnaire (OCQ). A sample of 386 Private Universities’ Staff was randomly selected from the five provinces of Pakistan. The data was analyzed in SPSS through Pearson correlation.
 Main Findings: It revealed that all the Work Climate Dimensions were significantly correlated with job satisfaction. However, dimensions of respect, communication, innovation, direction, training, and learning were least significantly correlated as compared to the dimensions role clarity, reward system, career development, commitment, and moral, and lastly, teamwork and support. These have the highest level of correlation with job satisfaction.
 Applications of this study: This research will help to improve the standards of Higher Education Institutes in Pakistan in terms of job satisfaction of the employees. Considering the findings of the study, administrators can help improve their employees' satisfaction. It is also suggested that in-depth research may be carried out involving the same variables for extensive understanding.
 Novelty/Originality of this study: Educational organizations have always been an important part of the society as they provide society with the future workforce. Though such kind of studies have been conducted on other organizations, it is the first of its kind conducted in higher education institutes especially an education-wise developing country like Pakistan.

Inclusive leadership and career adaptability: the mediating role of organization-based self-esteem and the moderating role of organizational justice

ABSTRACT The objective of this research is to test the impact of supervisor inclusive leadership on subordinate career adaptability skill, as well as conceptualized the organization-based self-esteem (OBSE) as a mediator and organizational justice as a moderator in this relation. Data were gathered applying two-way research design for survey. Respondents were drawn from 297 subordinates and 98 supervisors from higher education institutions of Pakistan. Monte Carlo simulation method, moderated path analysis and hierarchical regression were applied to examine the proposed associations. OBSE mediated the relationship of inclusive leadership and career adaptability. Both the association among OBSE and career adaptability and the indirect association among inclusive leadership and career adaptability were stronger when organizational justice was high. This research implications and limitations are also added.

Integration of e-learning technologies for interactive teaching and learning process: an empirical study on higher education institutes of Pakistan

PurposeThe use of information and communication technologies (ICTs) has become a major driving force in transforming education worldwide. Similarly, in the last ten years, the usage of ICTs and e-learning in Pakistan has increased. Whereas the latest educational policy of the Government of Pakistan has focused on using ICTs and e-learning in schools and universities. The national professional standards for teachers have also suggested teachers to integrate ICTs in their classrooms and develop e-learning platforms for teaching and learning processes. However, in this study the effectiveness of information and communication and e-learning technologies integration in teaching and learning has been assessed. The context selected for this research study is a public university of Sindh, Pakistan. The research gap, which has been founded through the extensive literature review, indicated that most of the students are not able to utilize ICTs effectively. The first objective of this study is to enable students to gain wider range of knowledge and access Internet for developing a global outlook. Moreover, the second objective of this study is to develop students' capabilities of processing information more effectively and efficiently for teaching and learning.Design/methodology/approachBy nature, this study is quantitative survey-based research study. For this purpose, data has been collected from students and teachers of English, Computer Science and Business Administration departments of targeted university, survey questionnaires have been adopted as a data collection tool. Whereas the random sampling technique is used for the collection of data by using Morgan table of sample size. Additionally, data has been collected from 100 participants, 80 of them were students and 20 were teachers, and data has been analyzed by using SPSS 22.0 software.FindingsThe findings of this study have indicated the student's level of interest toward the integration of ICTs and e-learning in science and social science courses. Similarly, the findings specify that through ICT and e-learning materials, students can learn more effectively, which can also facilitate teachers for their teaching process in this modern era of technology. Whereas the issue that has been specified through the findings is that the teachers are not encouraged by the management of the university to implement the ICT in their teaching and learning due to their concerns on the limited resources and lack of competencies.Practical implicationsFor the practical implication, the findings of this study will facilitate the teachers and learners for integrating the ICTs and e-learning in their course curriculums and interactive teaching practices as per modern era of technology. Also, this study will help the provincial leader and policymakers by addressing the teachers’ concern to encourage the integration of ICT tools and develop capabilities for interactive classrooms for effective teaching and learning.Originality/valueThis is the first study of its nature that has been conducted in the Pakistani public university in rural setting, and the finding of this study will facilitate and help the institutional and government stakeholders to where and how they can effectively integrate ICTs and e-learning in classrooms for interactive teaching and learning processes in the rural Sindh.

Phenomenology of Retaliating to Workplace Ostracism in Academia

The present qualitative inquiry sheds light on the psychological ramifications and behavioral responses of workplace ostracism in Higher Educational Institutes of Pakistan. The data was collected from 20 ostracized teaching faculty members from public and private sector universities through semi-structured interviews. The interviews were recorded, transcribed, and thematic analysis was carried out by NVIVO 11 Plus software. This was supplemented by content analysis to find the strength of each theme in the form of relative frequencies. The findings revealed three major themes; (1) psychological ramifications manifested in threatened needs and negative emotional reactions, (2) behavioral responses (pro-social, antisocial, and avoidant), (3) the underlying causes of diverse behavioral responses. It was found that negative psychological impacts of ostracism were inevitable, but behavioral responses were primarily pro-social due to ostracized faculty’s future-orientation, high importance of maintaining relationships, absence of alternative relations, less exposure to ostracism, and re-inclusion expectations.

Enterprise Resource Planning Systems and User Performance in Higher Education Institutions of Pakistan

The study is designed to assess the impact of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems on the performance perceived by users in Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) of Pakistan. This study sought to evaluate the effect of ERPs quality factors including Information Quality (IQ), System Quality (SQ) and Service Quality (SRQ) on User Performance (UP) towards system usage and the mediating role of Perceived Usefulness (PU), Perceived Ease of Use (PEOU) and User Satisfaction (US) between ERPs quality factors and UP. Consequently, a framework is proposed by integration of DeLone & McLean (D&M) Information Systems (IS) success model and Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) to address the research questions. The study used quantitative research methodology and data were collected from 317 employees from eight universities in Pakistan. Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) was performed using SmartPLS and the results indicated that SQ, IQ and SRQ has direct and positive effect on UP. Additionally, PU and PEOU are found to have mediating role between ERP quality factors and UP. Moreover, US has mediated the relationship between SQ, IQ with UP, but failed to mediate the effect of SRQ on UP. Theoretically, the study contributes by integrating factors from D&M IS success model and TAM to investigate the effect of ERP systems on UP through PU, PEOU and US. Practically, the study implied that practitioners needs to put efforts to provide a system which users perceive as useful and free of efforts.