High Dietary Fiber Intake Research Articles

Serum short chain fatty acids mediate hippocampal BDNF and correlate with decreasing neuroinflammation following high pectin fiber diet in mice.

Dietary components, such as prebiotic fiber, are known to impact brain chemistry via the gut-brain axis. In particular, short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) generated from excessive soluble fiber consumption are thought to impact neuroimmune signaling and brain function through increased production of neurotropic factors. Given reports that high dietary fiber intake is associated with increased mental health and improved quality of life scores, we set out to identify whether changes in SCFA levels as a result of a high soluble fiber diet mediate hippocampal neuroinflammation and brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in mice. Adult male and female C57BL/6 mice were fed a 1-month high pectin fiber or cellulose-based control diet. Following 1 month of excessive pectin consumption, serum SCFAs were measured using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and hippocampal cytokines and BDNF were assessed via multiplex magnetic bead immunoassay. Pectin-based fiber diet increased circulating acetic acid in both sexes, with no effect on propionic or butyric acid. In the hippocampus, a high fiber diet decreased TNFa, IL-1ß, IL-6, and IFNγ and increased BDNF levels. Furthermore, increased SCFA levels were inversely correlated with neuroinflammation in the hippocampus, with acetic acid revealed as a strong mediator of increased BDNF production. Collectively, these findings highlight the beneficial effects of fiber-induced molecular changes in a brain region known to influence mood- and cognition-related behaviors. Dietary composition should be considered when developing mental health management plans for men and women with an emphasis on increasing soluble fiber intake.

Dietary fiber and growth, iron status and bowel function in children 0-5 years old: a systematic review.

While dietary fiber intake is low in many children, the current trend to plant-based diets is associated with higher fiber intake in children raised on these diets. As older reports indicate that diets providing high fiber intake in children 0-5 years may affect growth, iron status and bowel function, we summarized the available evidence in this systematic review. To identify, critically appraise, and synthesize evidence on the effect of high fiber intake on growth, iron and bowel function in children 0-5 years, with relevance to the Nordic and Baltic countries. Following a pre-registered protocol, we searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central of Controlled Trials, and Scopus for clinical trials and prospective cohort studies published until November 2021. Two reviewers independently screened retrieved literature, extracted relevant data, and performed risk of bias assessment. Outcomes were growth, iron metabolism and bowel function in children 0-5 years. We narratively described findings from studies that met inclusion criteria. From 5,644 identified records, five articles met the inclusion criteria. Two RCTs had an overall moderate risk of bias, while the three observational studies had serious risk. Overall, we found no robust association between high intake of dietary fiber and growth. In the RCTs, higher intake of fiber had a positive effect on bowel movements and constipation. No studies on fiber intake and iron status were identified.The certainty of the overall evidence was inconclusive for growth and bowel function, while no assessment was made for iron status. We found no clear association between high intake of dietary fiber and growth or bowel function in young children living in affluent countries, albeit with only a limited number of studies. There is a lack of studies investigating health effects of high fiber intake in small children.

Dietary fiber intake associated with risk of rheumatoid arthritis among U.S. adults: NHANES 2010-2020.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a prevalent inflammatory joint disease that imposes a significant medical burden and morbidity. Recent scientific evidence suggests that dietary components and patterns could be associated with RA risk. In this study, we aim to investigate the possible relationship between dietary fiber intake and RA risk. We included 15,114 participants from the 2010 to 2020 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey database in our study. Participants aged 20 or above were categorized into those with and without RA. Univariate logistic regression analysis and multivariate regression models were used to test the association between dietary fiber intake, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and RA. Out of all the participants, 1053 were diagnosed with RA (6.97%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that fiber intake was negatively associated with high-sensitivity c-reactive protein (-0.09 [-0.18, -0.02]) and RA risk (0.99 [0.98, 0.99]). Furthermore, our sensitivity analysis suggested that individuals with higher fiber intake (>19.1 g/day) had a 25% lower risk of developing RA than those with lower fiber intake [0.75 (0.63, 0.88)]. Our findings suggest that higher dietary fiber intake is associated with a reduced risk of RA and may help reduce systemic inflammation, thereby potentially slowing down RA progression.

Abstract 69: Dietary Fiber, Gut Microbiota, Circulating Metabolomics, and Risk of Diabetes in US Hispanics/Latinos: The Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL)

Introduction: Emerging evidence suggesting diabetes -protective effects of dietary fiber intake. However, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Hypothesis: We hypothesize that higher dietary fiber intake can alter gut microbial composition /functional capacity and host circulating metabolomic profile, which may contribute to lower risk of diabetes. Methods: We evaluated the associations of dietary fiber intake with gut microbiome (measured by shotgun metagenomic sequencing, n=2959) and serum metabolome (639 metabolites measured by untargeted metabolomic approach, n=6198) in the HCHS/SOL cohort. We further examined prospective associations of baseline fiber/microbial-associated metabolites with incident diabetes over 6-years follow-up. Results: We identified 39 bacterial genera associated with fiber intake, after adjustment for sociodemographic, behavioral, and clinical factors. 12 of these fiber-associated genera were related with diabetes (e.g. the fiber-associated Roseburia was inversely associated with diabetes, Fig.1A ). We identified 83 fiber-associated metabolites which were clustered into 13 modules in network, 7 of which were significantly associated with risk of diabetes ( Fig.1B ). Some of these diabetes-associated metabolite modules were also associated with fiber/diabetes-associated bacterial taxa ( Fig.1C ). In particular, indolepropionate module, and another module comprised of the pro-vitamins such as beta-cryptoxanthin, were positively associated with fiber (all P<0.001) and inversely associated with diabetes risk (RR [95% CI] = 0.78[0.69, 0.89] and 0.83[0.72, 0.94] respectively), and both associated with the fiber-degradation genera Butyrivibrio (P<0.001). Conclusion: Among US Hispanics/Latinos, higher fiber intake was associated with favorable profiles of gut microbiota and circulating metabolites for diabetes, suggesting a potential role of gut microbiota and related metabolites in the link between dietary fiber intake and risk of diabetes.

Abstract P614: The Association Between Dietary Patterns and Coronary Artery Calcium Score: A Systematic Review

Background and Objective: Coronary artery calcium (CAC) score is an early indicator of CVD. Diet is an established primary prevention strategy for CVD, but limited research has systematically evaluated the relationship between diet and CAC. The current study sought to review longitudinal studies evaluating the association between dietary intake and CAC score. Methods: Five databases were searched from inception to October 2022. We included prospective studies that included terms to capture food, diet, and nutrient intake in disease-free adults with CAC score measured by computed tomography. Two authors developed the search strategies and screened articles for inclusion. Results: Of 58 articles on dietary intake and CAC score, nine assessed the relationship between dietary intake at baseline and CAC score at follow up. Sample size was moderate to large across the nine studies, ranging from 861 to 15,368 participants. Seven studies used a food frequency questionnaire, one used a semi-quantitative interview, and one used a single-item question to assess diet intake. One study was conducted in Germany, while eight were conducted in the US. Three studies derived data from the CARDIA study, a cohort of young adults aged 18-30 at baseline. Two studies used the MESA study, a prospective study of adults aged 45-84 at baseline. Four studies found an association between dietary pattern intake and CAC score, with studies finding that higher fruit and vegetable intake and Mediterranean-like diet associated with lower risk of CAC progression, and low carbohydrate diet and starchy vegetable, meat and alcohol intake associated with increased risk of CAC presence. Conclusions: Studies suggested that there is a relationship between diet intake and CAC presence and progression, with research reflecting positive effects associated with patterns rich in fruits and vegetables alongside deleterious effects associated with high saturated fat and low dietary fiber intake. Finding reflect the strong influence of diet on clinical indicators of CVD.

Dietary Fiber Intake Influences Changes in Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Status

The objectives of this study were to characterize dietary fiber (DF) intake in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS), to assess whether DF intake affects disease activity in AS, and to investigate the effect of DF intake on disease activity in AS in the context of functional bowel disease (FBD) symptoms. We recruited 165 patients with AS and divided them into two groups according to whether they had a high DF intake > 25 g/d to investigate the characteristics of people with high DF intake. Some 72 of the 165 AS patients (43%) met the criteria for high DF intake, which was more common in patients with negative FBD symptoms (68%). Data analysis revealed that DF intake was negatively associated with AS disease activity and did not differ statistically significantly from FBD symptoms. Multivariate adjusted models were used to explore the effect of DF intake on AS disease activity. ASDAS-CRP and BASDAI were stable and negatively correlated across models in both groups with and without FBD symptoms. Thus, DF intake positively affected disease activity in patients with AS. ASDAS-CRP and BASDAI were negatively correlated with DF intake.

Association of dietary fiber with subjective sleep quality in hemodialysis patients: a cross-sectional study in China

Background Poor sleep quality is a common problem among hemodialysis (HD) patients. Dietary fiber is a key component of a healthy diet and is beneficial for a variety of health outcomes; however, evidence of an association between dietary fiber consumption and subjective sleep quality has not been established among HD patients. Therefore, we determined the association between dietary fiber consumption and the subjective sleep quality in Chinese maintenance HD patients, taking into account fiber type and source. Methods Dietary intake was assessed with a validated food frequency questionnaire in a cross-sectional study including 741 maintenance HD patients between December 2021 and January 2022. The daily intake of dietary fiber was categorized into three groups. The lowest tertile was used as the reference category. Sleep quality of patients was accurately calculated using the Pittsburgh sleep quality index standard questionnaire. Multivariable logistic regression model and restricted cubic spline analysis were performed to assess the relationship between dietary fiber consumption and poor sleep quality. Results Compared with the lowest tertile group of dietary fiber intake, the highest tertile group had a lower prevalence of poor sleep quality. After adjustment for potential confounders, a higher intake of total dietary fiber (ORtertile 3 (T3) to tertile 1 (T1)= 0.51, 95% CI: 0.31–0.85), total insoluble dietary fiber (ORT3 to T1 =0.54, 95% CI: 0.33–0.89), and soluble dietary fiber in vegetables (ORT3 to T1 =0.61, 95% CI: 0.40–0.93) were associated with a lower prevalence of poor sleep quality. Furthermore, significant linear trends were also observed (p < 0.05). No significant interactions were observed in subgroup analyses. Conclusion A higher intake of dietary fiber was inversely associated with the poor sleep quality. These findings support the current recommendations that dietary fiber is essential for health and well-being.

Inflammation mediated the effect of dietary fiber on depressive symptoms.

Previous studies showed that inflammation affects depressive symptoms. Dietary fiber may be associated with inflammation and depressive symptoms. We aimed to investigate the relationship between inflammation and depressive symptoms at different levels of dietary fiber intake and to explore whether dietary fiber affects depression through inflammation. A total of 8,430 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) samples were collected between 2015 and 2018. Factor analysis was used to determine dietary patterns. Linear regression and logistic regression analysis were used to explore the relationship between nutrients, inflammation, and depressive symptoms, and the mediation analysis was conducted using the bootstrap method. Factor 3 (dietary fiber and vitamins) was inversely associated with depressive symptoms and inflammation. The upper quartile scores of the dietary inflammatory index (DII) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were associated with depressive symptoms compared with controls (DII: OR = 1.851, 95% CI: 1.267-2.705; CRP: OR = 1.737, 95% CI: 1.136-2.656). The DII score and CRP were associated with depressive symptoms in the group with low dietary fiber intake (DII: OR = 2.736, 95% CI: 1.628-4.598; CRP: OR = 2.092, 95% CI: 1.196-3.658) but not in the high dietary fiber intake group. Mediating analysis showed that CRP partially mediated the effect of dietary fiber intake on depressive symptoms (βindirect = -0.0025, 95% CI: -0.0038 to -0.0013), and the mediated proportion was 10.5%. In this study, we found that DII scores and CRP were not associated with depressive symptoms in participants with high dietary fiber intake, and inflammation partially mediates the effect of dietary fiber on depressive symptoms.

Dietary fiber intake and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: The mediating role of obesity.

Dietary pattern rich in fiber is negatively associated with the risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Meanwhile, obesity is a known predisposing factor for NAFLD. Nutrient-focused research can enhance the mechanistic understanding of dietary effects. We thus hypothesized that higher dietary fiber intake was associated with lower risk of NAFLD through the mediating role of obesity. In this nationwide cross-sectional study, dietary fiber was surveyed using two 24-h recalls. NAFLD and clinically significant fibrosis (CSF) were determined by vibration-controlled transient elastography. Multivariable logistic and linear regression were applied to investigate the association of dietary fiber with NAFLD, CSF, and liver function parameters. We used counterfactual-based mediation analysis to estimate the direct and indirect effect of dietary fiber on NAFLD. Of the 3,974 participants, ~36.86% and 7.78% of participants were diagnosed with NAFLD and CSF. Compared with participants among the lowest tertile, the highest tertile of dietary fiber consumption was associated with lower odds of NAFLD (OR = 0.81; 95% CI: 0.66-0.98; P overall = 0.019). Dietary fiber intake appeared to be linked with lower odds of CSF (OR Tertile3vs.Tertile1 = 0.81; 95% CI: 0.58-1.14; P overall = 0.107). Mediation analysis showed that obesity fully mediated the association of dietary fiber with NAFLD. Dietary fiber was associated with improved hepatic parameters. The findings indicated that increasing dietary fiber intake could confer a greater benefit to protect against NAFLD. Translating these findings regarding dietary fiber into dietary advice might be an attractive strategy for NAFLD prevention.

Relationship between dietary fiber intake and glucose metabolism in the elderly of China in 2015

To investigate the dietary fiber intake status and analyze the relationship between dietary fiber and glucose metabolic disorder of the elderly in China. Data were collected from the participants of Chinese adult chronic diseases and nutrition surveillance in 2015. General information were collected by standardized questionnaires, anthropometric index and blood pressure of respondents were measured according to standard method. Food intake was collected by three consecutive day 24 h dietary recalls, dietary fiber was calculated through China food composition. Fasting venous blood were collected to measure glucose, HbA1C, and other related biochemical index. Subjects were divided into three groups: normal glucose(NG, normal glucose), pre-diabetes(Pre-DM, pre-diabetes mellitus) and diabetes(T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus). Multiple logistic regression model was used to analyze the relationship between dietary fiber intake and Pre-DM as well as T2DM. A total of 20 996 elderly people aged 60 years and above were included. There 10 773 cases were males(51.3%) and 10 223 cases were females(48.7%), the age of both gender were(68.21±6.26) years and(67.67±6.26) years. A total of 6526 cases of pre-diabetes were detected in 20 996 elderly participants with detection rate of 31.1%. There 3274 cases were male and 3252 cases were female, the detection rates of both genders were 30.4% and 31.8%, respectively. While 1572 participants were detected as T2DM(784 of males and 788 of females), the detection rate of T2DM was 7.5%, 7.3% for males and 7.7% for females. There were significant differences in mean age, BMI, waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C, HbA1c level among different dietary intake groups(P&lt;0.005). With the increase of dietary fiber intake, the proportion of overweight and obesity, central obesity and dyslipidemia showed an increasing trend(P&lt;0.05), and the proportion of hypertension showed a decreasing trend(P&lt;0.000 1). After adjusting for potential confounding factors, compared to participants with lowest fiber intake, participants in subgroups of lower, minor lower, and higher fiber intake were associated with decreased risk of pre-diabetes, the OR and 95%CI were(OR=0.911, 95%CI 0.835-0.993), (OR= 0.861, 95%CI 0.790-0.938) and(OR= 0.913, 95%CI 0.838-0.994), respectively. However, there was only a statistically significant negative association between the higher intake of dietary fiber and T2DM(OR = 0.848, 95%CI 0.726-0.991). Dietary fiber intake was negatively related with diabetes and pre-diabetes mellitus. The risk of glucose metabolic disorder was decreased with the increase of dietary fiber intake.

Биологические и технологические аспекты обогащения продуктов пищевыми волокнами

Epidemiological studies demonstrate the health benefits of high dietary fiber intake. However, the propaganda high fiber intake by increasing the proportion of fruits and vegetables in the diet are ineffective. Dietary fiber can be used in fortified foods. This review shows the current data on the technological possibilities of fortification with dietary fiber of cereals, dairy products and meat products. The data on successful and unsuccessful results of enrichment of individual food products with different types of dietary fiber are presented. Key words: healthy diet, fortified foods, dietary fiber, fortification technologies

The association between gut-health promoting diet and depression: A mediation analysis

BackgroundRecent research has highlighted the relevance of a gut-health promoting diet as a possible treatment and prevention for depression. A dietary pattern with consumption of fermented food and high consumption of dietary fiber can promote gut health, physical health, and might even improve mental health. This study aimed to investigate the interrelationship among diet, physical health, and depression. MethodsThis study used a nationally representative sample (N = 16,572) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2011–2018). Dietary information was collected by dietary recall interviews. Depression was assessed by the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire. Subjective physical health was indicated by self-reported Body Mass Index (BMI). Objective physical health was indicated by BMI measured by trained health technicians. Path analysis was used to test the association between diet and depression, and the mediating roles of self-reported BMI and BMI measured by technicians. ResultsConsumption of probiotic foods and higher intake of fiber were significantly associated with lower levels of depressive symptoms. Both subjective and objective physical health significantly mediated the relationship between variables of diet and mild depressive symptoms. Subjective physical health also significantly mediated the relationship between high intake of dietary fiber and lower likelihood of reporting severe depressive symptoms. ConclusionDespite being cross-sectional in nature, this study presented evidence that gut-health promoting diets may reduce depressive symptoms through improving physical health. These findings provide preliminary support to diet programs for preventing depression and diet programs as an alternative or supplementary treatment of depression.

High fiber diet attenuate the inflammation and adverse remodeling of myocardial infarction via modulation of gut microbiota and metabolites.

High intake of dietary fiber is associated with lower incidence of cardiovascular diseases. Dietary fiber, functions as a prebiotic, has a significant impact on intestinal bacteria composition and diversity. The intestinal flora and metabolites generated by fermentation of dietary fiber not only affect the health of intestine but also play a role in many extra-intestinal diseases, such as obesity, diabetes and atherosclerosis. However, the role and the mechanism by which a high fiber diet contributes to the development of myocardial infarction is still unclear. Here we used an in vivo mouse model to investigate whether dietary fiber intake could protect against myocardial infarction. Our study demonstrated high fiber diet significantly improved cardiac function, reduced infarct size and prevented adverse remodeling following myocardial infarction. The protective effects of high fiber diet had a strong relation with its attenuation of inflammation. Moreover, we observed that high fiber diet could modulate the composition of intestinal flora and differentially impacted metabolites production, including the biosynthesis of bile acids and linoleic acid metabolism. Overall, the findings of this study provided mechanistic insights into the curative effect of dietary fiber on myocardial infarction with a specific emphasis on the potential role of microbiota-metabolism-immunity interactions.

Inverse relationship between dietary fiber intake and environmental exposure to acrylamide.

Dietary fiber intake was thought to decrease some environmental pollutant exposure by increasing gastrointestinal excretion. While diet is considered the major source of exposure to acrylamide (AA), the impact of dietary fiber intake on acrylamide (AA) exposure is still unknown. We analyzed the associations between dietary fiber intake and AA hemoglobin biomarkers [hemoglobin adducts of acrylamide (HbAA) and glycinamide (HbGA), and sum of HbAA and HbGA (HbAA + HbGA)] among 3448 US adults who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2013-2016. Multivariable linear regression and cubic spline models were conducted to estimate the associations between dietary fiber intake and AA hemoglobin biomarkers. Dietary fiber intake had a strong inverse and J-shaped association with AA hemoglobin biomarkers. In the fully adjusted linear regression model, compared with participants in the lowest dietary fiber quantile, the adjusted percent change with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) in HbAA for the highest dietary fiber quantile was - 19.7% (- 26.7%, - 13.1%); for HbGA, it was - 12.2% (- 18.9%, - 4.9%), and for HbAA + HbGA, it was - 17.3% (- 23.7%, - 10.4%). Associations between higher dietary fiber intake and lower levels of environmental exposure to acrylamide hemoglobin biomarkers suggest the need to increase dietary fiber intake.

The benefits of dietary fiber: the gastrointestinal tract and beyond.

Dietary fiber is considered an essential constituent of a healthy child's diet. Diets of healthy children with adequate dietary fiber intake are characterized by a higher diet quality, a higher nutrient density, and a higher intake of vitamins and minerals in comparison to the diets of children with poor dietary fiber intake. Nevertheless, a substantial proportion of children do not meet the recommended dietary fiber intake. This is especially true in those children with kidney diseases, as traditional dietary recommendations in kidney diseases have predominantly focused on the quantities of energy and protein, and often restricting potassium and phosphate, while overlooking the quality and diversity of the diet. Emerging evidence suggests that dietary fiber and, by extension, a plant-based diet with its typically higher dietary fiber content are just as important for children with kidney diseases as for healthy children. Dietary fiber confers several health benefits such as prevention of constipation and fewer gastrointestinal symptoms, reduced inflammatory state, and decreased production of gut-derived uremic toxins. Recent studies have challenged the notion that a high dietary fiber intake confers an increased risk of hyperkalemia or nutritional deficits in children with kidney diseases. There is an urgent need of new studies and revised guidelines that address the dietary fiber intake in children with kidney diseases.

Watermelon Intake Is Associated with Increased Nutrient Intake and Higher Diet Quality in Adults and Children, NHANES 2003-2018.

Watermelon is a nutrient-dense, low energy food that provides vital nutrients and contributes to overall fruit intake. Previous studies have found positive associations between watermelon and nutrient intake but few focused on raw watermelon intake or had small sample sizes. Therefore, the objective of this study was to utilize a large, nationally representative sample to determine associations between watermelon intake and nutrient intake and diet quality. Data from children (2-18 y) and adults (19+ y) who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) cycles 2003-2018 were utilized in the current study. Watermelon intake was 7.51 and 7.29 g/d per capita in children and adults, respectively. In watermelon consumers, usual intake was 125 and 161 g/d in children and adults, respectively. Total diet quality was higher in watermelon consumers as compared to non-consumers as well as several subcomponent scores. Children and adult watermelon consumers had greater than 5% higher intake of dietary fiber, magnesium, potassium, and vitamin A as well as more than 5% lower intake of added sugars and total saturated fatty acids as well as higher intake of lycopene and other carotenoids. This study suggests watermelon can increase nutrient intake as well as diet quality in both children and adult Americans.

Isomaltooligosaccharides Sustain the Growth of Prevotella Both In Vitro and in Animal Models.

The human digestive tract is colonized by trillions of bacterial cells that play important roles in human health and diseases. It is well known that dietary habits are associated with human microbiota enterotypes. However, the factors that determine the enterotype still remain elusive. In this study, it was first examined, via in vitro batch fermentation, how different carbohydrates affect the Bacteroides and Prevotella enterotypes. Among the 11 substrates (fructo-, galacto-, xylo-, manno-, and isomalto-oligosaccharides [IMO] and lactulose, raffinose, starch, inulin [INU], mannitol, and xylitol) tested, IMO, INU, and starch were found to sustain the growth of Prevotella through batch fermentation. The development of the Prevotella and Bacteroides enterotypes was further simulated in chemostats using fecal samples. IMO coupled with faster dilution rates and lower pH were required to sustain the growth of Prevotella copri in the chemostat based on 16S rRNA gene and metagenomic sequencing. Meanwhile, starch with relatively lower dilution rates and higher pH was required to support the development of the Bacteroides enterotype. Amylo-α-1,6-glucosidase, pectin, and xylan lyases were the carbohydrate-active enzymes associated with the Prevotella enterotype. The Bacteroides enterotype was associated with more diversified carbohydrate-active enzymes. Consistently, since honey contains high isomaltose content, mice fed IMO and honey displayed an increased relative abundance of Prevotella in the colon. In conclusion, both in vitro systems and a mouse model were used to demonstrate that IMO maintains the Prevotella enterotype. This result provides insight into the nutritional requirements underlying gut enterotype formation. IMPORTANCE The Prevotella enterotype type is a human traditional enterotype with high dietary fiber intake, which is related to healthy ageing and Parkinson's disease development. Manipulations of the dwelled gut microbes by dietary isomalto-oligosaccharides efficiently sustained Prevotella type enterotypes, indicating that it can be used in the improvement of elderly health by increasing the gut transit time.

Hypertension, dietary fiber intake, and cognitive function in older adults [from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Data (2011–2014)

Dietary fiber was associated with hypertension (HYP) and cognitive function, but it was unknown whether the effect of HYP on cognitive function in older adults was modified by dietary fiber intake. We recruited 2,478 participants from the 2011-2012 and 2013-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), with cognitive performance measured by Registry for Alzheimer's disease (CERAD), the Animal Fluency test (AFT), and the Digit Symbol Substitution test (DSST). Multivariate General linear model was used to estimate the interaction between dietary fiber intake and HYP status in association with low cognitive performance. Among 2,478 participants, 36% was Controlled HYP, 25% was Low uncontrolled HYP, 11% was High uncontrolled HYP, and 86% was low dietary fiber intake. The association between HYP status and DSST impairment differed by dietary fiber intake for those with high uncontrolled HYP compared to those without HYP. Among participants with low dietary fiber intake, those with uncontrolled HYP had higher risk of DSST impairment compared to those without HYP [HYP ≥ 90/140: OR (95% CI), 1.68 (1.15-2.45); HYP ≥ 100/160: OR (95%CI), 2.05 (1.29-3.23)]; however, there was no association between HYP status and DSST impairment among participants with high dietary fiber intake. Moreover, the interaction of HYP status and dietary fiber intake on DSST was close to statistical significance (P for interaction = 0.057). Uncontrolled HYP was associated with poorer cognitive performance in older adults with low, but not high dietary fiber intake. Sufficient dietary fiber intake might be as a new nutrition strategy for the prevention of cognitive impairment in older adults with uncontrolled HYP.

Journal of Food, Nutrition and Diet Science: A new bilingual open access journal focusing on global nutrition and dietetics science

Journal of Food, Nutrition and Diet Science: A new bilingual open access journal focusing on global nutrition and dietetics science

Associations of dietary folate, vitamin B6 and B12 intake with cardiovascular outcomes in 115664 participants: a large UK population-based cohort.

The evidence of relationship between dietary intake of folate, vitamin B6 and vitamin B12 and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in UK populations is limited. We aimed to analyze the association of dietary intake of folate, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12 with CVD events [stroke, myocardial infarction (MI)] and CVD mortality. We included 115,664 participants, aged 40-70 years, with no CVD events or cancer at baseline, enrolled between 2006 and 2010 and followed up to the end of 2018. Dietary intake was measured with an online 24-h dietary assessment. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the associations. After multivariate adjustment, higher dietary folate intake was inversely associated with CVDs with hazard ratios of 0.99, 0.92, and 0.88 in groups 2-4 compared with group 1 (the lowest group); inversely associated with stroke with hazard ratios of 0.94, 0.90, and 0.86 groups 2-4 compared to group 1 (lowest group); inversely associated with MI with hazard ratios of 1.01, 0.90 and 0.86 groups 2-4 compared to group 1 (lowest group); inversely associated with CVD mortality with hazard ratios of 0.95, 0.80 and 0.74 Groups 2-4 compared to group 1 (lowest group). Each tablespoon/day higher intake of raw vegetable intake, pieces/day higher intake of fresh fruit intake bowls/week higher intake of cereal intake, and g/day higher intake of dietary fiber were associated with higher intakes of folate every 0.02,0.06,0.05, and 0.08 SD, respectively. E-value analysis suggested robustness to unmeasured confounding. Each increase in folate intakes was related to 5% lower risks of total CVD events and 10% lower risks of CVD mortality. Our findings support that strengthening dietary folate intake as a primary prevention strategy for CVD events and CVD mortality.