High Content Of Phenolic Compounds Research Articles

Preparation, characterization, and evaluation of antioxidant activity of turmeric flour in chicken patties

This study evaluated the use of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) flour as a natural antioxidant in chicken patties. Patties were prepared with different concentrations of turmeric flour: 0% (Control), 0.25% (TC0.25%), 0.50% (TC0.50%), and 0.75% (TC0.75%). A “treatment-as-usual” patty with 0.25% sodium erythorbate (SE) was prepared. Turmeric flour showed high contents of carbohydrates (78.12%), phenolic compounds (8.13 mg GAE g-1), and flavonoids (29.68 mg QE g-1), as well as high antioxidant activity, determined by DPPH (48.71% inhibition) and FRAP (9.11 mg QE g-1) assays. Patties were analyzed after 1, 15, 30 and 45 days of storage at -18 °C. The addition of turmeric resulted in less reddish, and darker, more yellowish patties. Changes in chemical composition, pH, or shrinkage percentage were not observed. TC0.75% obtained the highest cooking yield (91.27%). TC0.25% was the softest, while TC0.75% and Control had the lowest cohesiveness. Differences in resilience between TC0.25%, TC0.75%, and Control were not observed. Changes in springiness and chewiness were not observed. Turmeric patties showed similar oxidative stability to the SE formulation, differing from Control throughout the entire storage period. Turmeric flour prevented lipid oxidation in chicken patties to the same extent as the synthetic antioxidant, demonstrating potential as a natural antioxidant.

Influence of Harvest Periods on Cassava (<i>Manihot esculenta</i> Crantz) Agronomic Traits and Physiological Response to Post-Harvest Physiological Deterioration

Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is the third largest source of calories in tropical countries and the sixth most important food crop in the World. However, the short shelf life of its storage roots after harvest due to a rapid post-harvest physiological deterioration (PPD) makes the roots to be considered as a risky product to market. The objectives of this work were to investigate the influence of two harvest periods on cassava agronomic parameters and their physiological response to PPD. Three cassava cultivars 96/1414, I070593 and LMR were selected for the experiment and harvested at 10 and 12 months after planting (MAP). The response to PPD was assessed during storage at 0, 3, 8 and 15 days after harvest (DAH). Total proteins content, soluble sugars and starch, total polyphenols compounds, polyphenoloxidase and peroxidase activities were recorded during storage. Results showed large variation among the parameters at the two harvest periods across the cultivars. High number of tubers was recorded in all the cultivars at 12 MAP and a significant increase in storage roots length was observed in 96/1414 and LMR from 10 MAP to 12 MAP (25 ± 5.1 to 41.3 ± 5.9 and 22.6 ± 3.3 to 27.9 ± 4.8) respectively. A reduction of about 49% of tubers weight was observed in I070593 from 10 to 12 MAP while an increase of about 36% and 11% were recorded in LMR and 96/1414 respectively. Tubers from I070593 showed less susceptibility to PPD when harvested at 10 MAP compared to those from LMR and 96/1414 where less susceptibility to PPD were recorded at 12 MAP. An increase in soluble sugars content, total proteins content and peroxidase activity subsequently to a decrease in starch content were recorded during storage from 8 to 15 days after harvest especially at 10 MAP in I070593 and at 12 MAP in LMR and 96/1414. High content of total phenolic compounds and less activity of polyphenol oxidase were correlated to PPD susceptibility. This work opens a new insight issue of the consideration of the appropriate harvest time of the cultivars as a tool to better control the onset of postharvest physiological deterioration.

Nutracêuticos à base de bagaços de uva portuguesa como potencial aditivo em produtos alimentares

Abstract Portuguese wine industry by-products are often undervalued but constitute a potential source of bioactive phenolic compounds that can be applied as a natural additive in several industries. In this context, the present study aimed to evaluate the nutritional composition, and the phenolic profile of two Portuguese Vitis vinifera L. grape pomaces (Touriga Nacional (red variety) and Alvarinho (white variety), and to correlate their chemical characterizations with their antioxidant activities. Strong correlations were observed between the presence of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activities, which enhances the application of pomace extracts in food and pharmaceutical areas. The high content of total phenolic compounds (25 - 41 g/ kg dry extract) and of flavonoids (9.2 - 18 g/ kg dry extract) found in both samples make these pomaces excellent candidates as food additives in food products, as well as antioxidant agents, such as natural dyes. Some polyphenols were identified by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), being rutin and catequin the highest compounds found in red grape pomace (Touriga Nacional) while quercetin was only quantified in white grape pomace (Alvarinho). Cis-resveratrol was quantified in both grape pomace, which opens horizons for its use since this compound has considerable chemopreventive effects in the three main gains of carcinogenesis. As expected, the anthocyanin content was significantly higher in red grape pomace (37 g/ kg dry extract), emphasizing its interest as a natural food additive. Based on the findings, it is possible to conclude that these by-products have additional value, making them potentially useful in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries.

Intensification of Biophenols Extraction Yield from Olive Pomace Using Innovative Green Technologies.

Olive pomace is the main by-product generated by the olive oil production process. Although toxic to the environment, olive pomace is an important source of natural antioxidants due to its high content of phenolic compounds. The aim of the current study is to maximize the extraction yields of the main phenolic compounds present in olive pomace using innovative green technologies. For this purpose, the present work is divided into two parts. The first part is based on a solubility study of targeted phenolic compounds in various ethanol/water ratios at two different temperatures (20 °C and 50 °C). A computational prediction using COSMO-RS software was applied for the calculation of eventual solubility, which was subsequently confirmed by practical experiments. The determination of the optimal extraction conditions of solvent ratio (EtOH/H2O) (60:40 v/v) and temperature (50 °C) led to the second part of the work, which concerns the intensification of extraction yields. Furthermore, various green extractions using innovative technologies, including accelerated solvent extraction (ASE), ultrasound with its both system (probe (UAE-P) and bath (UAE-B)), bead milling (BM) and microwave (MAE), were carried out and then compared to conventional maceration (CM). Results showed that ASE was the most effective method for extracting phenolic compounds from dried olive pomace powder (5.3 milligrams of tyrosol equivalent (TE) per gram of dried olive pomace powder (DOP)) compared to CM (3.8 mg TE/g DOP).

Effect of Heavy Metal Stress on Phenolic Compounds Accumulation in Winter Wheat Plants.

Heavy metal stress can lead to many adverse effects that inhibit cellular processes at various levels of metabolism, causing a decrease in plant productivity. In response to environmental stressors, phenolic compounds fulfill significant molecular and biochemical functions in plants. Increasing the biosynthesis of phenolic compounds in plants subjected to heavy metal stress helps protect plants from oxidative stress. A pot experiment was carried out to determine the effect of the accumulation of copper (Cu) and lead (Pb) salts at concentrations of 200, 500, and 1000 ppm on seed germination, the activity of enzymes in the phenylalanine ammonia-lyase pathway (PAL) and tyrosine ammonia-lyase (TAL), along with the total phenol and flavonoid contents in seedlings of hybrid Triticum aestivum L. (winter wheat) cultivars. The accumulation of heavy metals, especially Cu, had a negative impact on the seed germination process. The cultivar "Hyacinth" reacted most strongly to heavy metal stress, which was confirmed by obtaining the lowest values of the germination parameters. Heavy metal stress caused an increase in the activity of PAL and TAL enzymes and an increase in the accumulation of phenolic compounds. Under the influence of Cu, the highest activity was shown in cv. "Hyvento" (especially at 200 ppm) and, due to the accumulation of Pb, in cv. "Hyacinth" (1000 ppm) and cv. "Hyking" (200 ppm). The cultivar "Hyking" had the highest content of phenolic compounds, which did not increase with the application of higher concentrations of metals. In other cultivars, the highest content of total phenols and flavonoids was usually observed at the lowest concentration (200 ppm) of the tested heavy metals, Cu and Pb.

Chemical composition and prebiotic activity of baru (Dipteryx alata Vog.) pulp on probiotic strains and human colonic microbiota

Little knowledge is available in literature regarding the chemical composition and health-promoting effects of baru (Dipteryx alata Vog.) pulp, a by-product usually discarded by the agro-industry during the processing of baru fruit. This study evaluated the chemical composition of baru pulp and investigated its prebiotic activity on distinct probiotic strains and human colonic microbiota with in vitro assays. Baru pulp had high contents of insoluble dietary fibers and phenolic compounds (mainly hesperidin). Baru pulp stimulated the growth and metabolism of the probiotics Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12, Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-05, and Lacticaseibacillus casei L-26. In addition, digested baru pulp induced significant benefits on the human colonic microbiota, increasing the relative abundance of Lactobacillus-Enterococcus, Bifidobacterium, and Bacteroides-Prevotella, as well as the production of lactate, acetate, propionate, and butyrate. The results show that baru pulp has potential prebiotic properties to be explored in the formulation of new health-promoting foods.

Enzymatic inhibition of α-amylase and encapsulation of bioactive compounds by nanoemulsion from pulp extract Terminalia catappa Linn fruit

Bioactive compounds are antioxidants of great importance for the cosmetics and food industries. These antioxidants can inhibit enzymes or reduce oxidative reactions of free radicals, which may reflect in disease prevention. The extracts of Terminalia catappa fruit showed high concentrations of phenolic compounds (2.98 ± 0.38 mg/mL), which are considered a good source of antioxidants. The aqueous extract of T. catappa fruit proved to be efficient to deactivate α-amylase and complete inhibition of the enzyme was observed using an extract dosage of 0.8 mg/mL. The encapsulation of the extract of T. catappa fruit was performed by phase inversion using Crodamol OQ-LQ/distilled water/Tween 80 formulations. All formulations formed nanoemulsions, which showed good stability under centrifugal force stress and nanoemulsion droplets still had an average size of less than 69 nm. Although the average size of droplets was less than 200 nm, the characteristics of the nanoemulsions degenerated after 26 days, especially under temperatures of 25 and 35 °C. Therefore, the present study could expand the possibilities of the application of bioactive from T. catappa fruit for pharmaceutical purposes or cosmetic ones.

Phenolic-Compound-Rich Opuntia littoralis Ethyl Acetate Extract Relaxes Arthritic Symptoms in Collagen-Induced Mice Model via Bone Morphogenic Markers.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease that causes inflammation and progressive joint dysfunction. Opuntia littoralis (OL) has a high nutritional content and is thought to offer a number of health advantages. We aimed to evaluate the anti-arthritic potential of OL extracts against collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). We designed three OL cladode fractions from the concentrated aqueous extract: hexane, ethyl acetate (EAE), and hydro alcohol (HAE). We investigated the nitric oxide and MDA levels of EAE against lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW264.7 cells; then, we administered EAE to the mice with CIA to confirm the anti-inflammatory effects against RA. HPLC analysis of the OL extracts showed a high concentration of phenolic compounds in EAE. Treatment with EAE (10 and 20 mg/100 g body weight of mice) after 10 days of immunization with collagen showed a significant inhibition of joint inflammation, paw swelling, and edemas. MDA and cytokine levels (IL-1β, IL-6R, IL-6, IL-17, and IL-23) were significantly reduced. EAE effectively ameliorated COX-2, NF-kB, STAT-3, PTEN, and RANKL expression. OL-EAE therapy significantly upregulated the expression of miR-28 and miR-199a. In conclusion, the anti-inflammatory actions of OL-EAE altered the cellular localization of the inflammatory mediators, therefore preventing joint inflammation via partial epigenetic and metabolic regulations in experimental mice.

Evaluation of Polyphenolic Composition and Antimicrobial Properties of Sanguisorba officinalis L. and Sanguisorba minor Scop.

The most widespread Sanguisorba species are Sanguisorba officinalis L. and Sanguisorba minor Scop. which are also found in the Romanian flora and classified as medicinal plants because of hemostatic, antibacterial, antitumor, antioxidant and antiviral activities. This study aimed to characterize and compare Sanguisorba species in order to highlight which species is more valuable according to phenolic profile and antimicrobial activity. Based on high-performance liquid chromatography equipped with photodiode array detection and mass spectrometry (electrospray ionization) (HPLC-DAD-MS (ESI+)) analysis, it was evident that the ethanol extract obtained from the leaves of S. minor Scop. contains the highest content of phenolic compounds at 160.96 mg/g p.s., followed by the flower and root extract (131.56 mg/g dw and 121.36 mg/g dw, respectively). While in S. officinalis, the highest amount of phenols was recorded in the root extract (127.06 mg/g), followed by the flower and leaves extract (102.31 mg/g and 81.09 mg/g dw, respectively). Our results show that among the two species, S. minor Scop. is richer in phenolic compounds compared with the S. officinalis L. sample. In addition, the antimicrobial potential of each plant organ of Sanguisorba species was investigated. The ethanol extract of S. minor Scop. leaves exhibited better antibacterial activity against all of the bacteria tested, especially on Staphylococcus aureus, with an inhibition zone of 15.33 ± 0.83 mm. Due to the chemical composition and antimicrobial effect, the Sanguisorba species can be used as food supplements with beneficial effects on human health.

The Influence of Cryogrinding on Essential Oil, Phenolic Compounds and Pigments Extraction from Myrtle (Myrtus communis L.) Leaves

The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of cryogrinding pretreatment on the recovery of essential oil, phenolics and pigments from myrtle leaves. The duration of cryogrinding (3, 6 and 9 min) in combination with the duration of hydrodistillation (30, 60 and 90 min) for the isolation of essential oils and the duration of hydroethanolic extraction (5, 10 and 15 min) for the isolation of phenols and pigments were studied as independent factors in a full factorial design. The major volatile components detected in myrtle leaf essential oil were myrtenyl acetate, 1,8-cineole, α-pinene and linalool. The most abundant phenols detected were myricetin derivatives (myricetin 3-O-galactoside and myricetin 3-O-rhamnoside), galloylquinic acid, myricetin and digalloylquinic acid, while the major pigments were chlorophyll b, pheophytin a and lutein. A 3 min cryogrinding pretreatment significantly increased the yield and concentrations of essential oil volatile compounds and reduced the distillation time to 30 min. A 9 min cryogrinding pretreatment and 15 min extraction resulted in at least 40% higher concentrations of phenolic compounds and pigments in the extracts when compared to the untreated control. According to the results obtained, cryogrinding can significantly increase the yield of myrtle EO and extracts and also modulate their composition.

Evaluation of the antifungal activity of propolis extracts from stingless bees on phytopathogenic fungi

The bees of the Meliponini tribe, known as stingless bees (SB), elaborate a distinct type of propolis, whose application potential is largely unexplored. Currently, there is some knowledge of the pharmacological activities of the propolis from Apis mellifera, however, little is known about the diversity and antimicrobial activity of Meliponini propolis, especially in relation to pathogens of agricultural importance. This study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial activity of the alcoholic extract of propolis from T. clavipes (Borá), S. bipunctata (Tubuna), and T. angustula (Jataí), comparing with the ethanolic extract from A. mellifera propolis. The autoclaved and non-autoclaved extracts were evaluated at the concentrations of zero, 1.6 %; 3.2 %; 6.4 %, and 12.0 % v/v. Fungal development was determined by measuring the mycelial diameter up to the fourteenth day of inoculation, with five replicates; the growth inhibition was calculated relative to the control. According to the results, the highest concentration of phenolic compounds and flavonoids was present in the ethanolic extract of A. mellifera propolis when compared to the SB extracts. The results indicated an inhibitory effect on the growth of the phytopathogens Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Fusarium sp., Botryosphaeria sp., and Botrytis sp., mainly from 6.4 % and 12.0 % v/v when evaluated in the non-autoclaved medium, followed by the autoclaved medium. The fungus Botrytis sp. was the phytopathogen that suffered greater inhibition from 3.2 mL∙L-1, with the T. angustula propolis extract. The obtained results demonstrate that the alcoholic extracts of propolis from SB have the potential to control phytopathogenic fungi of agricultural interest.

Optimization of Red Pigment Anthocyanin Recovery from Hibiscus sabdariffa by Subcritical Water Extraction

The optimization of red pigment anthocyanin from roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) by subcritical water extraction (SWE) has not been the topic of a scientific investigation. Therefore, the objective of this paper was to establish the optimal parameters for obtaining the maximum yield, total anthocyanin compounds (TAC), total phenolic compounds (TPC), and total flavonoid compounds (TFC) by SWE utilizing a response surface methodology. The optimal conditions were 8.75 MPa, 393.54 K, and 4.89 mL/min, with a yield of 0.69 g/g, TAC of 927.74 mg/100 g, TPC of 39.54 mg/100 g, and TFC of 614.57 mg/100 g. High temperatures and flow rates are favorable for achieving a maximum yield. In contrast, a high temperature is suitable for obtaining high concentrations of anthocyanin, flavonoid, and phenolic compounds. This technique (SWE) recovers anthocyanin at a greater extraction rate than traditional methods; hence, SWE may be substituted for conventional methods for extracting anthocyanin.

Kombuchas from Green and Black Tea Modulate the Gut Microbiota and Improve the Intestinal Health of Wistar Rats Fed a High-Fat High-Fructose Diet.

The Western diet can negatively affect the gut microbiota and is associated with metabolic disorders. Kombucha, a tea fermented by a symbiotic culture of bacteria and yeast (SCOBY), is known for its bioactive properties and has become popular in the last years. In this study, we evaluated the effects of regular kombucha consumption on the gut microbiota and on outcomes related to the intestinal health of Wistar rats fed a high-fat high-fructose diet. After eight weeks receiving a standard diet (AIN-93M) (n = 10) or a high-fat and high-fructose diet (HFHF) (n = 30) to induce metabolic disorders, the animals were subdivided into four groups: AIN-93M (n = 10); HFHF (n = 10); GTK (HFHF + green tea kombucha (n = 10); and BTK (HFHF + black tea kombucha; n = 10) for 10 weeks. Although body composition did not differ among the groups, the HFHF diet was associated with metabolic alterations, and stimulated the growth of gram-negative bacteria such as Proteobacteria and Bacteroides. Kombucha ingestion could somewhat modulate the gut microbiota, attenuating the effects of a Western diet by increasing propionate production and favoring the growth of beneficial bacteria, such as Adlercreutzia in the GTK group. Our results suggest that regular kombucha consumption may be beneficial to intestinal health, which can be mostly attributed to its high content and diversity of phenolic compounds.

Comparative analysis of anthocyanin content in various tomato samples in connection with breeding

Relevance. Anthocyanin pigments can be synthesised in the stem, leaves, calyx, peel and pulp of tomato fruit. These compounds protect the photosynthetic apparatus of the plant, neutralise free radicals, increase the efficiency of phosphorus and nitrogen assimilation, have an osmoregulatory function, antimicrobial activity and increase the level of adaptation to unfavourable environmental conditions. In addition, anthocyanins from plant foods play an important role in the prevention of type II diabetes, neurodegenerative processes, cardiovascular and infectious diseases. Therefore, the cultivation of tomatoes with anthocyanin-coloured fruits is a perspective area for the vegetable industry in Russia. Vegetable products containing antioxidant substances belong to the functional products and conform to the concept of a healthy diet. As one of the most popular and frequently consumed vegetable crops, the anthocyanin content of tomato is advisable to increase in the fruit (peel and pulp).Material and methods. In this work we studied breeding samples of FSBSI FSVC: L-Ch-365, L-IR-2080, L-Zemba, hybrid combination F1 Zemba x L-Ch-365, variety of Siberian Botanical Garden Bosare blue. The aim of our research was to determine the quantitative composition of phenolic compounds - anthocyanins in different tomato samples, and on this basis to determine the objectives of breeding to improve the content of phenolic compounds.Results. As a result of the research, the quantitative content of anthocyanins in fruits of dif- ferent tomato specimens has been studied, on which the dietary and medicinal quality of the fruits depends. The sources of high content of anthocyanins (L-Zemba, L-IR-2080) have been obtained, which will make possible to conduct directed breeding work for high content of phenolic compounds. It has been shown that anthocyanin-rich tomato samples can be rich in carotenoids, which gives an opportunity to create new varieties and hybrids with high content of water- and fat-soluble antioxidants. Potential samples for breeding according to the complex of biochemical indicators have been identified: L-Zemba, L-IR-2080, Bosare blue. It has been shown that selection for high content of anthocyanins can be performed at various stages of fruit ripening (large ripe fruit, blangetongue, biological ripeness), selecting the most intense colouring. The Zemba tomato variety developed at FSBSI FSVC has a sufficiently high anthocyanin content and is recommended for cultivation in production.

Antibacterial Activity and Biocompatibility with the Concentration of Ginger Fraction in Biodegradable Gelatin Methacryloyl (GelMA) Hydrogel Coating for Medical Implants.

The gingerols and shogaols derived from ginger have excellent antibacterial properties against oral bacteria. However, some researchers have noted their dose-dependent potential toxicity. The aim of this study was to enhance the biofunctionality and biocompatibility of the application of ginger to dental titanium screws. To increase the amount of coating of the n-hexane-fractionated ginger on the titanium surface and to control its release, ginger was loaded in different concentrations in a photo-crosslinkable GelMA hydrogel. To improve coating stability of the ginger hydrogel (GH), the wettability of the surface was modified by pre-calcification (TNC), then GH was applied on the surface. As a result, the ginger fraction, with a high content of phenolic compounds, was effective in the inhibition of the growth of S. mutans and P. gingivalis. The GH slowly released the main compounds of ginger and showed excellent antibacterial effects with the concentration. Although bone regeneration was slightly reduced with the ginger-loading concentration due to the increased contents of polyphenolic compounds, it was strongly supplemented through the promotion of osteosis formation by the hydrogel and TNC coating. Finally, we proved the biosafety and superior biofunctionalities the GH-TNC coating on a Ti implant. However, it is recommended to use an appropriate concentration, because an excessive concentration of ginger may affect the improved biocompatibility in clinical applications.

Total Phenolic Content, Antioxidant Capacity and UV Radiation Protection Properties of Marigold (Calendula officinalis), Carrot (Daucus carota), Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and Hop (Humulus lupulus) Extracts

Total phenolic content using Folin–Ciocalteu method, antioxidant capacity by CUPRAC method and sun protection properties were measured for four different extracts of selected plants: marigold petals, carrot roots, tomato fruits and hop cones. Three types of extracts: water, oil and water-glycolic (1:4) were studied. Assessment of sun protection properties for extracts obtained from selected plants was first done by mathematical indication method and subsequently done spectrophotometrically. In a method of mathematical indication of UV protection based on absorption spectra, four parameters were determined regarding sun protection properties at different concentrations of selected plant extracts. Absorbance generally increased with an increase of concentration of extracts, but an expected increase of particular parameters was not obtained in all samples. The water-glycolic extract from hop cones was characterized by the highest content of phenolic compounds (among all studied samples) and high antioxidant activity. It also showed high radiation protection. Data for four parameters like UVA/UVB parameter, UVA1/UV parameter, SUI parameter and critical wavelength was generated, and the three first parameters were the highest for water and water-glycolic extracts of marigold. Among all plants, hop cones were characterized by the highest SPF for all types of extracts. SPF values increased with the concentration of extracts, but an increase of the weight of dried plants used to prepared extracts did not influence sun protection factor.

Chemical exchange in the vine shoots-wine system when used as an innovative enological procedure.

Pruned vine shoots prepared as toasted fragments (SEGs) have recently been proposed as enological additives capable of producing differentiated quality wines. In this work, the composition of phenolic and volatile compounds of SEGs, before and after contact with wines, has been studied. SEGs from Tempranillo and Cabernet Sauvignon were used, which were kept in contact for 30 days with red wines made with the same varieties. Phenolic compounds were the ones with the highest sorption in SEGs, but a variety-dependent behavior was observed in anthocyanins and flavonols, with an increase in some malvidin derivatives only in Tempranillo wine and an increase in (-)-epicatechin in SEGs and Cabernet Sauvignon wine. trans-Resveratrol was transferred from SEGs to wine but also increased in SEGs regardless of the variety used. The volatile compounds that were most retained in SEGs were phenylethyl alcohol and ethyl lactate, but in lower proportions than the phenolic compounds and without important changes in wines. The high content of phenolic compounds in SEGs after their use as enological additives suggests that they could be considered as a source of anthocyanins and as raw materials for phenolic compounds with recognized antioxidant properties. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.

Plant Performance and Soil Microbial Responses to Irrigation Management: A Novel Study in a Calafate Orchard

Calafate fruits have a high content of phenolic compounds and an antioxidant activity up to four times higher than that of blueberries. The establishment of a calafate orchard and irrigation responses on fruit and soil characteristics have been scarcely studied. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of water replenishment rate: 0%, 50%, 100% and 150% of reference evapotranspiration (ET0), on soil microbiological activity, plant physiological response, fruit yield and chemical composition in a calafate orchard. The results showed that irrigation at 50% ET0 presented significant increases in soil urease, dehydrogenase and acid phosphatase activity. Likewise, irrigation at 50% ET0 significantly increased stomatal conductance and plant chlorophyll index, which led to a significant increase in fruit yield being 60% higher compared to the other treatments. Despite the higher fruit yield, 50% ET0 irrigation had a similar level of total anthocyanins and ORAC antioxidant capacity as the 100% ET0 treatment. In contrast, 0% and 150% ET0 treatments showed a higher degree of stress and got higher values for total anthocyanins and fruit antioxidant capacity. Irrigation rates 50% ET0 increases fruit yield while maintaining fruit quality and optimizing water resources in commercial orchards of calafate.

Anti-Inflammatory and Chondroprotective Effects Induced by Phenolic Compounds from Onion Waste Extracts in ATDC-5 Chondrogenic Cell Line.

Osteoarthritis is a prevalent degenerative condition that is closely related to the destruction and inflammation of cartilage. The high prevalence of this pathology exhorts researchers to search for novel therapeutic approaches. Vegetable-fruit wastes have emerged as a promising origin of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant compounds that, in some cases, may also exert chondroprotective effects. This study aims to decipher the potential of onion waste products in the inhibition of molecular events involved in osteoarthritis. Onion extracts showed a high content of phenolic compounds and antioxidant properties. Cytocompatibility was demonstrated in the chondrogenic cell line ATDC-5, exerting viability percentages higher than 90% and a slight increase in the S phase cycle cell. The induction of inflammation mediated by the lipopolysaccharide and onion extracts' treatment substantially inhibited molecular markers related to inflammation and cartilage degradation, highlighting the promising application of onion extracts in biomedical approaches. The in silico analyses suggested that the results could be attributed to protocatechuic, ellagic, and vanillic acids' greater cell membrane permeability. Our work provides distinctive information about the possible application of waste onion extracts as functional components with anti-inflammatory and chondroprotective characteristics in osteoarthritis.

Feasibility of active biobased films produced using red chilto wastes to improve the protection of fresh salmon fillets via a circular economy approach

By-products of a native fruit of the Argentina northwest have been valorized for the extraction of both pectin and bioactive extracts with the aim of developing antioxidant films with potential application as food packaging materials. Initially, the composition and antioxidant properties of polyphenol-rich, anthocyanin-rich, and pectin extracts obtained from the seed and peel of Solanum betaceum (chilto) red fruits were characterized. Based on their higher antioxidant properties, peel extracts were selected as active compounds and incorporated in a film-forming matrix based on the pectin extract. Dry films were evaluated concerning their morphological, optical, thermal, mechanical, and water barrier properties. The developed antioxidant films were directly applied on salmon fillets, effectively improving their shelf-life and reducing lipid and protein oxidation during 10 days of storage at 4 °C. It was also found that the films containing peel-polyphenolic extract were the most promising, in agreement with their better barrier properties. • Pectin, anthocyanin and polyphenol enriched extracts from red chilto were characterized. • Samples with the highest content of phenolic compounds were those obtained from chilto peel. • Antioxidant pectin based films were obtained from the peel of S. betaceum fruits. • Active films showed remarkable antioxidant properties to protect salmon fillets.