High Coefficient Of Variation Research Articles

Variability, character association and genetic divergence studies in cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (I.)Walp] genotypes

The present experiment comprised of 46 cowpea genotypes to estimate genetic variability, interrelation among 13 quantitative characters and genetic divergence during 2020. High heritability coupled with highKharifgenetic advance as of mean was observed for the characters , seed yield per plant, number of per centviz.clusters per plant, number of pods per plant, plant height, days to 50% flowering and days to maturity. High phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variation, heritability and high genetic advance as of mean per cent(GAM) were observed in seed yield per plant, number of clusters per plant, number of pods per plant and plant height. Seed yield per plant was found positively and significantly correlated with pods per plant, seeds per pod, pods per cluster, pod length and 100 seed weight. Path analysis revealed that number of seeds per pod, number of pods per plant and 100 seed weight would be selected as important towards seed yield charactersas they showed a high positive direct effect on seed yield. D analysis revealed that all the genotypes were 2grouped into seven distinct clusters. Cluster V had the maximum intra-cluster distance. The crossing among the genotypes of clusters V and VII, II and V, III and VI would result in novel recombinants as they showed high inter-cluster distance. Increased contribution to the divergence was found for the characters like plant height, seed yield per plant, number of clusters per plant and days to 50% flowering. Cluster V was found to be best performing for agronomic characters, followed by Cluster VI and Cluster III. Cluster II was best performing for nutritional value and earliness

ELEMENTAL CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF THE LARIX SIBIRICA NEEDLE IN THE PREDBAIKALIA

The content of 31 chemical elements in the Larix sibirica needles growing in the Predbaikalia was determined using the ICP MS. Most of the elements in the needles are characterized by low (N, K, Mg, P, Na, Zn, F, Sc, Sb, Pb, Mo, Be) and medium (Ca, S, Al, Fe, Ti, Cu, Ni, As, Cr, V, Cd, Ce, Y) level of variability. High coefficients of variation (> 36%) were found for Mn, Sr, Co, and Li; their concentration in needles depended on growing conditions (forest type), including the level of mobile forms in the soil. It was shown L. sibirica is characterized by potassium-nitrogen type of mineral nutrition. The sequence of macroelements in the rows of accumulation is constant; the group of ultramicroelements (n×10-6 mg/kg) is characterized by a high mobility. The ratios of physiologically important elements (N/P/K, P/N, K/Ca, K/Mg, K/P, Ca/Mg, Fe/Mn, Cu/Zn, Fe/Zn, Cu/Mo) in the dry matter of needles have been established; the dependence of several ratios on growth conditions was found. The data obtained can serve as a basis for a comparative analysis of the balance of the main nutrients of L. sibirica in other territories.

Comparison of diffuse correlation spectroscopy analytical models for measuring cerebral blood flow in adults.

Although multilayer analytical models have been proposed to enhance brain sensitivity of diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS) measurements of cerebral blood flow, the traditional homogeneous model remains dominant in clinical applications. Rigorous in vivo comparison of these analytical models is lacking. We compare the performance of different analytical models to estimate a cerebral blood flow index (CBFi) with DCS in adults. Resting-state data were obtained on a cohort of 20 adult patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage. Data at 1 and 2.5cm source-detector separations were analyzed with the homogenous, two-layer, and three-layer models to estimate scalp blood flow index and CBFi. The performance of each model was quantified via fitting convergence, fit stability, brain-to-scalp flow ratio (BSR), and correlation with transcranial Doppler ultrasound (TCD) measurements of cerebral blood flow velocity in the middle cerebral artery (MCA). The homogeneous model has the highest pass rate (100%), lowest coefficient of variation (CV) at rest (median [IQR] at 1Hz of 0.18 [0.13, 0.22]), and most significant correlation with MCA blood flow velocities (, ) compared with both the two- and three-layer models. The multilayer model pass rate was significantly correlated with extracerebral layer thicknesses. Discarding datasets with non-physiological BSRs increased the correlation between DCS measured CBFi and TCD measured MCA velocities for all models. We found that the homogeneous model has the highest pass rate, lowest CV at rest, and most significant correlation with MCA blood flow velocities. Results from the multilayer models should be taken with caution because they suffer from lower pass rates and higher coefficients of variation at rest and can converge to non-physiological values for CBFi. Future work is needed to validate these models in vivo, and novel approaches are merited to improve the performance of the multimodel models.

Flame stability characteristics of a flame spray pyrolysis burner

The stability characteristics of an established flame spray pyrolysis (FSP) burner are quantified in order to determine viable operating conditions and map the structure of FSP flames. The primary novelty of this work lies in exploring a large parameter space which is necessary to explain the dependence of visible flame emissions on input variables. Using high-speed flame luminescence imaging (1–120 kHz), we demonstrate that the input pilot heat release and the flowrates of liquid and dispersion gases are primary control variables that dictate combustion quality. Indeed, variation in these input conditions allows the qualitative identification of four flame types: (i) stable, (ii) lifted, (iii) unstable and (iv) low intensity. Quantification of these flame types is derived via statistical analysis of the temporal luminosity fluctuations. Key metrics such as the mean and standard deviation effectively describe the behaviour of the aforementioned flame types and act as classifying parameters for FSP flames. High normalised mean intensities and coefficients of variation are characteristic of stable flames. However, flame extinction events in the ignition region and throughout the entire flame are characteristic of unstable flame configurations. In this case, poor combustion efficiency and significant intensity fluctuations are quantified by significantly lower mean intensities and higher coefficients of variation. Further insight is given via the implementation of phase-Doppler anemometry (PDA). It is demonstrated how variation in the input flowrates - and therefore variation in gas and droplet-phase velocities - correlate with the identified flame structures. This analysis demonstrates how input parameters can be varied in order to configure the combustion mode and control combustion stability during FSP. Both of which are relevant for understanding the boundary conditions for nanoparticle growth using FSP.

Genetic variability and association studies in Sunflower Inbreds

Genetic variability, heritability, genetic advance and association studies were carried out in 87 sunflower inbreds shared by different AICRP centres for six yield and its contributing traits. Results of ANOVA showed highly significant mean sum of squares for all the traits indicating presence of sufficient variability in the experimental material. Wide range of variation was noticed in plant height followed by seed yield and days to 50 % flowering. High phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variation were recorded for head diameter, seed yield per plant and 100 seed weight. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as per cent of mean was exhibited for seed yield indicated directional selection could be effective. Head diameter recorded strong correlation with seed yield followed by plant height and 100 seed weight and in turn these traits were also strongly intercorrelated.

A study of egg quality characteristics for two Asiatic (Coturnix japonica) and two European (Coturnix coturnix) quail lines

The present study was carried out at the Dept. of Animal Production, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Duhok, Kurdistan Region, Iraq. A total of 64 female quails from four lines involved two European (White and Dark Ukrainian) and two Asiatic (White and Dark Local) aged 56 days old, were equally distributed into four trial groups containing 16 birds for each. The aim was to investigate both external and internal egg quality characteristics. The following traits were measured; weights, lengths (high) and diameters of egg, yolk, albumen and shell; and the indices of shape, yolk and albumen were computed; also, Haugh units and percentages of yolk, albumen and shell were calculated. The results revealed the significant (p<0.01) superiority of European quails on Asiatic ones in egg quality characteristics; also, the white Ukrainian line appeared a significant difference (p<0.01) compared to the rest lines for egg weight and yolk percentage; however, Haugh units resulted in almost the same values for both European lines which surpassed significantly (p<0.01) both Asiatic ones; the same trend was found for albumen index. Most correlation coefficients between egg quality characteristics were significant (p<0.01), and the highest coefficient was between Haugh units and albumen index (0.89); therefore, the regression analysis derived an effective equation between them for future prediction with a high coefficient of variation (R2= 0.8). In conclusion, Ukrainian-European quail surpassed in its egg quality Asiatic ones, and Haugh units as a major quality indicator can be predicted from the albumen index for quail’s eggs.

Analysis of Production Risk in Intensive Chicken Farms – The Case of Kosovo

Abstract Research background The egg production sector in the poultry industry in Kosovo is well developed, with intensive chicken farms that meet 99% of domestic demand (MAFRD, 2021). However, this industry is not without risks. As such, this research investigates the production risks faced by intensive chicken farms. Purpose This study aims to investigate the severity of production risks and familiarize farmers with their levels. Research methodology Both qualitative and quantitative statistical methods were utilized in this study. Indicators are defined to measure the perception of farmers according to the Likert scale ranging from 1 (very low) to 5 (very high). A quantitative analysis is then performed to calculate the interval width, loss distribution, damage standard deviation, and coefficient of variation. Results The qualitative analysis reveals that farmers’ perceptions of production risks are not necessarily related to financial damages. The risk matrix is used to convey the levels and severity of production risks. The quantitative analysis shows that production risks have a high degree of dispersion (82.35%), a high standard deviation (€13,526), and a very high coefficient of variation (204%). Novelty This study is novel in that it is the first to explore production risks in the intensive chicken production industry in Kosovo. Previous studies have only focused on financial risk, market risk, legal risk and human resource risk.

Agro Morphological Trait Characterization of Chickpea Germplasm Varieties to Improve Genetic Resources in Agdora, Oromia, Ethiopia

According to the study, thirty-two chickpea accessions with eight check varieties have been characterized considering to its morphological characteristics. All accessions have exhibited absence of plant pigmentation, and the majority of them exhibited an erect plant growth type. Most accessions had an angular ram's seed shape and medium-length pods. Majority of accessions have exhibited early days of flowering and medium-sized seeds, while Plant height had the lowest coefficient of variation (0.04), and Days to 50% flowering had the highest coefficient of variation (0.57%). All accessions have been characterizing lately flowering whereas twenty-five accessions were lately matured than check varieties. Twenty accessions have produced more primary branches and twenty-four accessions produced higher pods per plant than the check varieties. Three clusters were present in the study. days to 75% maturity and plant height have very significant positive association (r=+1.00) but there was no association between secondary branch and 100 seed weight.

Clot-Based Assay for Factor XI (FXI) Activity Is Highly Sensitive to Lupus Anticoagulant (LA) and Heparin with Potential Misdiagnosis of FXI Deficiency: The Importance of Recognizing Non-Parallelism

Introduction: Clot-based assays are employed to estimate coagulation factor activity in clinical pathology laboratories. These assays are PT- or aPTT-based and utilize dilutions of the patient's plasma in factor-deficient plasma. The curves of activity for each dilution follow a parallelism or non-parallelism pattern and the latter is typically seen in the presence of Lupus Anticoagulant (LA). Identification of this pattern is critical to avoid misdiagnosis of factor deficiency in patients who actually have an inhibitor. Materials and Methods: We observed low Factor XI (FXI) levels in patients with LA, while other factors were not affected. In order to determine the reason(s) why FXI levels are sensitive to LA, we collected 34 plasma samples from patients with dRVVT confirm ratio &amp;gt; 1.2, and estimated FVIII and FXI levels. FXI activity was also estimated with Dade ® Actin ® FS, a reagent that is not sensitive to the LA. The coefficient of variance (CV) for both FXI and FVIII levels were compared. To estimate the effects of heparin, plasma was spiked (0.1-1.0 IU/ML) and tested in the PTT, FXI, and FVIII assays. We tested with Dade ® Actin ® FS 4 known normal patients, 3 known FXI deficient patients, 20 known plasma positive for LA, and 10 with heparin. All assays were performed on a Siemens CS-5100 analyzer. Results: The results show that FXI is highly sensitive to LA, with non-parallelism and high CV, not observed with FVIII activity. As expected, FXI levels were not affected when LA-insensitive Dade ® Actin ® FS was used. Heparin (0.3-0.7 IU/ML) also showed non-parallelism in FXI activity, but not for FVIII. Only the highest dose of heparin (1.0 IU/ML) affected FVIII levels. Notably, the sensitivity of FXI activity to LA and heparin was explained by a few dilutions of the patient's plasma (5X) in the FXI assay, compared to other coagulation factors (20X). Of note, less diluted plasma is required for FXI activity because relatively higher levels of FXI is required to sustain and produce clot in the FXI-deficient plasma. Conclusion: This simple, yet not recognized explanation based on a literature search, is helpful to increase awareness of this analytical variable. It is also important to avoid misdiagnosis of FXI deficiency in patients with LA.

Variations in Complete Blood Count Reference Limits Among Hospitals in the US and Their Clinical Significance

Background Complete blood count (CBC) is the most common hematology test performed. Reference limits, aka normal values, are known to vary from one hospital to another. However, little is known about the values of the upper (UL) and lower (LL) limits of common elements reported in the CBC and how they differ among facilities. The objectives of our study were to report the UL and LL of CBC elements from various hospitals in the US, analyze the variances, and describe their clinical significance. Methods This study was approved by the Mayo Clinic institutional review board. We obtained the reference limits of CBCs from various hospitals using the Epic electronic medical records Care Everywhere health information exchange. CBCs from 2020-2023 were included. We included the following CBC elements: hemoglobin (Hgb; male and female), mean cell volume (MCV), white blood cell count (WBC), and platelet count (PLT). We performed descriptive statistics and calculated the coefficients of variation (COVs). In addition, we analyzed the data for clinical context using: A) World Health Organization (WHO) major criterion for polycythemia vera of Hgb &amp;gt;16.5 g/dL and &amp;gt;16.0 g/dL for males and females, respectively; B) WHO major criterion for essential thrombocytosis of PLT &amp;gt;450 x109/L; and C) common textbook reference limits for MCV (80-100 fL) and WBC (5-10 x109/L). Results We collected CBC reference limits from 143 hospitals across 43 states and 99 cities. Most (54.5%) hospitals were community-based, while the rest (45.5%) were academic. The statistics are shown in the Table. In general, there was minimal variance in the UL and LL of CBC elements, with COVs mostly under 8.0%. The one exception was WBC LL, in which the COV was 10.5%. There was no significant difference in the CBC reference limits between academic and community hospitals. The median Hgb UL and LL for males were 17.5 (range, 16.3-18.1) and 13.5 (range, 12.0-14.3), respectively. Similarly, the median Hgb UL and LL for females were 15.7 g/dL (range, 14.6-16.3) and 12.0 g/dL (range, 11.0-12.5), respectively. Majority (93.5%) of the hospitals' male Hgb UL exceeded 16.5 g/dL. In contrast, only few (3.6%) of the hospitals' female Hgb UL exceeded 16.0 g/dL (Figure A). The median MCV UL and LL were 99.0 fL (range, 92.2-103.0) and 80.0 fL (range, 77.0-88.0), respectively. A substantial minority (19.6%) of the hospitals' MCV UL exceeded 100 fL (Figure B). The median WBC UL and LL were 10.8 x109/L (range, 8.9-13.0) and 4.0 x109/L (range, 3.1-5.4), respectively. Most (80.4%) hospitals' WBC UL exceeded 10 x109/L (Figure C). The median PLT UL and LL were 400 x109/L (range, 317-500) and 150 x109/L (range, 125-172), respectively. Over a quarter (27.5%) of the hospitals' PLT UL were at or exceeded 450 x109/L (Figure D). Conclusions: There was minimal variance in CBC reference limits across hospitals in the US with WBC LL having the highest COV. Most MCV UL and WBC UL exceeded common textbook reference limits. Almost all male Hgb UL and over a quarter of PLT UL exceed the WHO major criteria of polycythemia vera and essential thrombocytosis, respectively. Since our findings suggest that there could be a risk of underdiagnosing these myeloproliferative neoplasms due to the commonly used reference limits, clinical context must be used when interpreting normal CBC results, especially when there is a suspicion of polycythemia vera or essential thrombocytosis.

Estimation of genetic parameters and variability of various cayenne peppers under net shading

Abstract. Siahaan GF, Chozin MA, Syukur M, Ritonga AW. 2023. Estimation of genetic parameters and variability of various cayenne peppers under net shading. Biodiversitas 24: 5912-5919. The intercropping systems are important concerning the decreasing agricultural land and the increasing population. Chili could be planted as intercrops, but not all chili genotypes were adapted to low light-intensity stress. This study aims to determine the genetic diversity of cayenne pepper under 50% plastic net shade conditions based on morphological and agronomic traits. The study was conducted at the Cikabayan Experimental Field, Institut Pertanian Bogor, Dramaga, Bogor, from January to July 2021. The genetic material consisted of ten genotypes of cayenne pepper from Capsicum annuum L. and ten from Capsicum frustescens L.. Each genotype of chili was planted with three replications, so there were 60 experimental units. Each experimental unit consisted of six plants planted in an area of 1.5 m2. The shade used was a plastic net shade with a 50% shading level. The estimation of genetic parameters showed that leaf area, number of leaves, fruit weight, number of fruits, and yield per plant had a high genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) and broad-sense heritability (Hbs). Cluster analysis resulted in two main clusters based on twelve chili growth and agronomic characters. All chili genotypes included in Cluster 1 were C. annuum chilies. On the other hand, all the chili genotypes in Cluster 2 were C. frutescens chilies except for the G19 genotype. Cayenne pepper in Cluster 2 had a higher number of leaves, plant height, stem diameter, leaf area, fruit diameter, pedicle length, fruit weight, number of fruits, and yield per plant than cayenne pepper in Cluster 1. The result of this study indicates that C. frutescens cayenne pepper has more potential to be planted under shading conditions and used in intercropping than C. annuum.

On the loss of image contrast in double-inversion-recovery prepared T2* MRI of Intramyocardial hemorrhage

PurposeStudies have shown that double-inversion-recovery (DIR) prepared dark-blood T2*-weighted images result in lower SNR, CNR and diagnostic accuracy for intramyocardial hemorrhage (IMH) detection compared to non-DIR-prepared (bright-blood) T2*-weighted images; however, the mechanism contributing to this observation has not been investigated and explained in detail. This work tests the hypothesis that the loss of SNR on dark-blood cardiac T2*-weighted images of IMH stems from spin-relaxation during the long RF pulses in double inversion preparation, as a result, compromising image contrast for intramyocardial hemorrhage detection. MethodsPhantom and in-vivo animal studies were performed to test the hypothesis of the study. An agar phantom was imaged with multi-gradient-echo T2* imaging protocols with and without double-inversion-recovery (DIR) preparation. Image acquisitions were placed at different delay times (TD) after DIR preparation. SNR, T2* and Coefficient of Variation (COV) were measured and compared between DIR-prepared and non-DIR-prepared images. Canines with hemorrhagic myocardial infarctions were scanned at 3.0 T with DIR-prepared (dark-blood) and non-DIR-prepared (bright-blood) T2* imaging protocols. DIR-prepared T2* images were acquired with short, medium, and long delay times (TD). SNR, CNR, intramyocardial hemorrhage (IMH) extent, T2* and COV were measured and compared between DIR-prepared T2* images with short, medium, and long delay times (TD) to non-DIR-prepared bright-blood T2* images. ResultsPhantom studies confirmed the hypothesis that the SNR loss on DIR-prepared T2* images originated from signal loss during DIR preparation. SNR followed T1 recovery curve with increased delay times (TD) indicating that SNR can be recovered with longer time delay between DIR and image acquisition. Myocardial T2* values were not affected by DIR preparation but COV of T2* was elevated. Animal studies supported the hypothesis and showed that DIR-prepared T2* images with insufficient delay time (TD) had impaired sensitivity for IMH detection due to lower SNR and CNR, and higher COV. ConclusionWe conclude that lower SNR and CNR on DIR-prepared T2* images originate from signal loss during DIR preparation and insufficient recovery between DIR preparation and image acquisition. Although, the impaired sensitivity can be recovered by extending delay time (TD), it will extend the scan time. Bright-blood T2* imaging protocols should remain the optimal choice for assessment of intramyocardial hemorrhage. DIR-prepared dark-blood T2* imaging protocols should be performed with extra attention on image signal-to-noise ratio when used for intramyocardial hemorrhage detection.

Genetic Variability Studies in F2 Population of the Wheat Cross DDK-1029 x GPM DIC 66

The selection of breeding material heavily relies on genetic variation and its inherited components. A thorough understanding of genetic variation is necessary in order to develop an improved variety. Thus, genetic parameters were assessed in the F2 population of the cross between DDK-1029 and GPM DIC 66. The genetic variability results indicated a moderate to high phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variation for characters like days to 50% flowering, plant height, productive tillers per plant, spike length, spikelets per spike, grains per spike, thousand grain weight and grain yield. In contrast, the protein, iron and zinc contents exhibited low to moderate phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variation. All the traits had higher heritability except for grain yield which exhibited a moderate heritability. All the characters exhibited significant GAM except for days to maturity, iron content and protein content which exhibited moderate GAM. This suggests that high genetic variation, heritability, and GAM for such traits will aid in their improvement through both direct and indirect selection.

Morphological, Biochemical, and Molecular Characterization of Exotic Brassica Germplasm.

Oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) is an important oilseed crop. We examined the diversity of germplasm expressed at three distinct levels (i.e., morphological, biochemical, and DNA levels). In this study, 150 B. napus L. accessions with three check varieties were provided by Bioresources Conservation Institute. The germplasm was grown in field conditions for data collection of 15 quantitative and nine qualitative agro-morphological traits. The result indicated that for 15 quantitative agro-morphological traits, the highest coefficient of variation was recorded for plant height and days to flowering initiation. For nine qualitative traits, most of the accessions have a spatulate leaf, brown color seeds, yellow flowers, and erect silique attitude. The best adoptable genetically diverse exotic Brassica germplasms were selected, i.e., accessions 24178, 24881, 24199, 24214, 24242, and 24192. Based on biochemical analysis for high oil content and high oleic acid content, chakwal sarsoon and accession 24192 were selected. For high oleic and linoleic acids, accession 24181 performed best, for low erucic acid accessions 24177 and 24195. Based on molecular (SSR) markers, the top 50 selected genotypes were evaluated with 30 SSR markers. The 47 genotypes with three check varieties were clustered in six major groups; the coefficient of similarity ranged between 0.18 and 1.00. Based on SSR data, the germplasms accession 24178 and Abasin were the most diverse genotypes. These genotypes have the capacity and could be used in future breeding programs. High genetic variations were investigated through the SSR among the studied genotypes of Brassica napus L. The present study also concluded that SSR is a better technique for intraspecific genetic diversity. Other modern techniques should be applied such as SNIP for the investigation of a high level of genetic diversity among crop plants in the future.

Morphological diversity of onion genetic resources at the Agricultural Institute of Slovenia

Onion is an important vegetable crop grown for its pungent bulbs and aromatic leaves. Onion genetic resources collected in the Slovenian Plant Gene Bank at the Agricultural Institute of Slovenia were evaluated for the first time using various morphometric traits. Using the prescribed descriptors (UPOV, CPVO) for Allium cepa spp., a collection of 61 onion accessions and varieties grown in the experimental fields of the Infrastructure Centre Jablje in 2022 was described. For each onion genetic resource, a total of thirteen quantitative (numerical) and qualitative descriptors were evaluated on the bulbs: bulb size, bulb height, bulb diameter, ratio height/diameter, position of maximum diameter, width of the neck, shape in longitudinal section, shape of stem end, shape of root end, base colour of dry skin, intensity of base colour of dry skin, coloration of epidermis of fleshy scales, and dry matter content. The results showed significant differences between onions in the collection in terms of bulb size (73.7 ± 26.0 g), bulb height (46.3 ± 14.2 mm), bulb diameter (36.7 ± 6.8 mm), bulb shape (predominant transverse medium elliptic), and colour of dry skin (brown, pink, red, purple). The highest coefficients of variation were observed for bulb size (35.3%) and height/ diameter ratio (32.6%) and the lowest for dry matter content (8.6%). The data obtained and the variability of the traits studied indicate that these onion accessions require further genetic analysis to identify the best candidates for future breeding programmes.

Genetic variability, characters association and principal component study for morphological and fodder quality of Opuntia and Nopalea sp. in India

A morphological and quality analysis of 64 global core collections of cactus genotypes was conducted using 30 growth and fodder quality traits. Results indicated a high coefficient of variation for primary cladode perimeter (91.0%), root fresh weight (50.8%), and number of cladodes per plant (47.7%). The length, width, and thickness of the primary cladode ranged between 14.4 to 53.9 cm, 5.0 to 13.7 cm, and 1.5 to 4.3 cm, respectively. Principal component analysis showed a 77.6% variation in the first 10 major components with an eigenvalue > 1.0. The first and second principal components explained 18.5% and 14.8% of the total variation, respectively. The fresh weight of the shoot was positively correlated with the dry weight of the shoot (0.72), dry weight of the root (0.48), root length (0.38), and fresh weight of primary cladodes (0.29). The dendrogram obtained using a Ward analysis confirmed the results of the PCA analysis. The cactus pear accessions were grouped into four major clusters with a further four sub-clusters, containing 6, 26, 17 and 15 genotypes, respectively. Genotypes, CAZRI-Kukma, Clone 1308, Jalpa, Mexico Unknown, Trunzara Bianca Bronte, Copena F1, CAZRI Botanical Garden, Piantra-25 and IPA-90-18 are positioned at a wider angle and are more diverse and useful genotypes for use as parent populations for developing new genotypes in future breeding programs.

Phenotypic Characterization of Chickpea (Cicer Arietinum L.) Base on Agromorphological Traits at Fedis Eastern Oromia, Ethiopia

As study indicated chararacterization of crops based on agro morphological traits are important for breeding to select the best quality accession in the field gene bank. 34 chickpea accessions were characterized based on agro morphological traits. All studied accessions were characterized by absences of plant pigmentation and most accessions were characterized by erect plant growth type and pink flowering color. Accessions were characterized by medium pod length and angular ram’s seed shape. Majority of accessions were characterized by rough seed textures and brown to reddish brown seed color. Most accessions were characterized by medium seed size and early flowering days. The highest coefficients of variation were observed for Days to 50% flowering (0.57%) and least coefficient of variation (0.04) for Plant height. 32 accessions were flowering lately than the check varieties and 25 accessions were more lately matured than the check varieties. Twenty accessions produced more primary branches than the check varieties. 24 accessions produced higher pods per plant compared to the check varieties. Cluster I consisted of eleven accessions and cluster II consisted of eighteen accessions and also cluster III consisted of five accessions. The intra cluster distance ranged from 474.48 to 953.36. There was significantly strong positive correlation observed between days to 75% maturity with plant height(r=1.00) while weak and negative correlation were observed between days to 50% flowering days with secondary branch but no correlation secondary branch with 100 seed weight.

Estimation of Genetic Parameters for Selected Quantitative Traits in Introduced African Yam Bean (Sphenosylis stenocarpa Hochst. ex. A. Rich Harms) Genotypes

A solid understanding of the genetic control of traits within breeding populations is essential for selecting superior genotypes and parent plants for African yam bean (AYB) cultivation. In this study, we explored the phenotypic breeding values and genetic parameter estimates for various traits in 10 introduced AYB varieties. These traits included seed emergence speed (SES), seedling vigor index (SVI), final germination percentage (FGP), seed yield, days to first flower bud initiation (DAYSFBI), days to first flowering (DAYSF), and days to first pod initiation (DAYSPI). We conducted the trial using a randomized complete block (RCB) design with the following varieties: TSs2, TSs60, TSs11, TSs33, TSs282, TSs450, TSs10, TSs432, TSs424, and TSs151B. Traits showing high and medium genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) were seed yield (20.7), SVI (12.1), and seed emergence speed (10.8), respectively. Traits with high phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) included seed yield (36.8), SVI (22.8), and SES (37.5). The presence of variability in all studied traits was evident from both GCV and PCV values. However, PCV values were slightly higher than GCV, suggesting the influence of environmental factors on these traits. Seed yield exhibited high genetic advance (23.9) and intermediate heritability (31.5%), while SES showed low heritability (8.4%) and low genetic advance (6.5), and FGP displayed low heritability (8.3%) and low genetic advance (2.1). High heritability and genetic advance in certain traits indicate the presence of additive gene action, suggesting that these traits can be improved through direct selection. These findings suggest the presence of valuable variations that can be harnessed for AYB genetic enhancement and selection purposes. Our study results offer valuable insights for the genetic improvement, conservation, management, multi-location evaluations, short-term recommendations, and potential release of new AYB genotypes.

CHANGES IN THE PRODUCTION OF RAPESEED IN POLAND AFTER ACCESSION TO THE EUROPEAN UNION

The aim of this study was to evaluate changes on the Polish rapeseed market after accession to the European Union (EU). Special attention was paid to the demand, supply, and prices of rapeseed in Poland relative to other EU member states. The performance of the rapeseed sector was analyzed based on market data for 2005-2022. Changes on the Polish rapeseed market were assessed with the use of descriptive statistics, the Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) test, and the ARiMA model. In Poland, rapeseed production is spatially diverse and dominates in the western and northern Polish provinces. The largest rapeseed area in 2022 was recorded in the following voivodeships: Lower Silesia (129.1 thousand ha), Wielkopolska (104 thousand ha) and West Pomerania (115.5 thousand ha). In the years 2005-2022 there were changes in the plans and harvest of rapeseed in Poland. The highest rapeseed yields were recorded in 2014 (34.4 dt/ha), 2022 (33.8 dt/ha) and 2021 (32.1 dt/ha), while the lowest in 2011 (22.4 dt/ha) and 2010 (23.6 dt/ha). The harvest were the largest in 2014 (3,275.8 thousand tons) and 2022 (3,643.4 thousand tons). Poland is an important producer of rapeseed in the EU and in 2022 it ranked third (3,300 thousand tons), after France (4,506 thousand tons) and Germany (4,295 thousand tons). Statistical analysis showed changes in the area, yields and harvest of rapeseed. The highest coefficient of variation was recorded for rapeseed harvest (0.236) and the lowest for yields (0.115). In the case of area, yields and harvests, the coefficient of variation was high, which proves the non-stationarity of the time series. The forecast developed for the years 2023-2027 showed downward trends for the area, yields and harvest of rapeseed.

Association between continuous glucose profile during therapeutic hypothermia and unfavorable outcome in neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy209 23-32

BackgroundThe detection and management of blood glucose abnormalities in high-risk neonates are crucial for clinical care. The objective of the study was to investigate the continuous glucose profile of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) patients in the whole-process of therapeutic hypothermia (TH) and its association with clinical and neurological outcomes. MethodIn this single-center retrospective study, HIE patients who received both TH and continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) were recruited from March 2016 to September 2021. ResultsOf 47 neonates recruited, 24 had unfavorable outcome. Dysglycemia was most prevalent in the first 24 h of TH, among which hyperglycemia occurred more frequently. CGM showed that the duration, episodes and area under curve (AUC) of hypoglycemia were statistically different in neonates with different outcomes. The occurrence, longer duration, greater AUC of hypoglycemia and an early high coefficient of variation (CV%, CV = SD/mean) were associated with unfavorable outcomes (aOR 26.55 [2.02–348.5], aOR 2.11 [1.08–4.14], aOR 1.80 [1.11–2.91] and aOR respectively), while hyperglycemia was not. ConclusionDuring the whole process of TH, hypoglycemia and early unstable glycemic variability were strongly associated with unfavorable outcomes. CGM can instantly detect dysglycemia and facilitate precise glucose management in HIE neonates.