High Barrier Research Articles

Triple Regulations via Fe Redox Boosting Nitrate Reduction to Ammonia at Industrial Current Densities.

Electrochemical nitrate reduction reaction (NO3-RR) has promising prospects for green synthesis of ammonia and environmental remediation. However, the performance of catalysts at high current density usually suffers from the high energy barrier for the nitrate (NO3-) to nitrite (NO2-) and the competitive hydrogen evolution. Herein, we proposed a two-step relay mechanism through spontaneous redox reaction followed electrochemical reaction by introducing low-valence Fe species into Ni2P nanosheets to significantly enhance the NO3-RR performance at industrial current density. The existence of low-valence Fe species bypasses the NO3- to NO2- step through the spontaneous redox with NO3- to produce NO2- and Fe2O3, regulates the electronic structure of Ni2P to reduce the barrier of NO2- to NH3, thirdly prohibits the hydrogen evolution by consuming the excess active hydrogen through reduction of Fe2O3 to recover low-valence Fe species. The triple regulations via Fe redox during the two-step relay reactions guarantee the Fe-Ni2P@NF high ammonia yield of 120.1 mg h-1 cm-2 with Faraday efficiency of more than 90% over a wide potential window and a long-term stability of more than 130 h at ~1000 mA cm-2. This work provides a new strategy to realize the design and synthesis of nitrate reduction electrocatalysts at high current densities.

Enhancing the oxygen evolution reaction activity and stability of high-valent CoOOH by switching the catalytic pathway through doping low-valent Cu

The oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is a critical process in electrochemical energy storage and conversion systems. The adsorbate evolution mechanism (AEM) pathway possesses the characteristics of high stability but slow catalytic kinetics. We propose that combining AEM with the lattice oxidation mechanism (LOM) pathway can potentially enhance the OER catalytic activity and stability. However, the triggering of LOM is an important challenge due to the high thermodynamic activation barrier of lattice oxygen. To solve this problem, we performed theoretical calculations and experiments which suggest that the introduction of low-valent Cu in CoOOH (CuxCo1−xOOH) could directionally modulate the local coordination environment of CoO bonds. This approach can activate lattice oxygen and generate oxygen vacancies to enhance the nucleophilic attack of *OH and directly establish OO coupling, thereby facilitating the smoothly switching from AEM to LOM pathway by increasing voltage and thus activating lattice oxygen in CuxCo1−xOOH. The switching of AEM and LOM enables CuxCo1−xOOH showing an outstanding overpotential of only 252 mV (10 mA cm−2) and durability of only 2.80 % degradation after 280h. This work provides a new way for designing efficient and stable electrocatalysts with AEM and LOM pathway switching.

Harnessing AI and Predictive Analytics: Transforming the Electric Vehicle Market in India

The electric vehicle (EV) market in India is undergoing a transformative phase, driven by growing environmental concerns, government incentives, and the rapid integration of advanced technologies such as Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Predictive Analytics. These technologies are proving essential in optimizing various aspects of EV development, including battery management, predictive maintenance, and customer experience personalization. This research article investigates the influence of AI and Predictive Analytics on the Indian EV market, highlighting their roles in improving operational efficiency, reducing costs, and enhancing safety and user satisfaction. Statistical data and case studies of leading Indian EV companies, such as Tata Motors, Ola Electric, and Ather Energy, illustrate the impact of these technologies on market growth and performance. Despite facing challenges like high initial costs and regulatory barriers, AI and Predictive Analytics are poised to play a pivotal role in the future expansion of the EV market in India. The findings suggest that with increased adoption and ongoing technological advancements, AI and Predictive Analytics will significantly contribute to the growth and sustainability of the EV sector in India. Keywords: Electric Vehicles (EVs), Artificial Intelligence (AI), Predictive Analytics, Battery Management Systems (BMS), Predictive Maintenance

Isolation and characterization of a novel bacterium that promotes the degradation of poly(glycolic acid) by its extracellular esterase under thermophilic conditions

Poly(glycolic acid) (PGA) is widely utilized in the shale oil and gas industry owing to its biodegradable nature, as well as superior mechanical and barrier properties. However, PGA degradability is limited by environmental conditions such as temperature and pH, and using acids to optimize the degradation can have adverse environmental impact. Thus, it is essential to identify methods that can effectively promote the degradation of PGA under mild conditions, such as microbial degradation. In the present study, strain DB14, a bacterium that promotes PGA degradation, was isolated from drain water of a steam pipeline. Sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA gene of the bacterium revealed that it is mostly closely related to Geobacillus icigianus; however, it also differed from Geobacillus icigianus in several physiological properties. To investigate PGA degradation by strain DB14, a PGA film and disc were incubated with the strain. The residual weight of the PGA film (thickness: 170 μm) significantly reduced after incubation, whereas the decrease in the thickness of the PGA disc (thickness: 3 mm) was relatively small. The penetration of water, the bacterium, and the extracellular enzymes into the interior from the reaction-erosion front of the PGA disc may be inhibited by the high barrier performance of PGA. Strain DB14 was also found to change the pH of the surrounding environment to approximately 8–9. To investigate the effect of pH on PGA degradability, degradation tests with crude extracellular enzymes derived from strain DB14 were conducted in various buffers. The results showed that the degradation activity was highest at pH 8, which implied that DB14 efficiently maximized the hydrolytic capacity of its enzyme for degrading PGA. Thus, this study provides a basis for developing environmentally friendly technologies that can promote the degradation of PGA molding articles, especially those used in wellbores for oil and gas recovery.

Three birds with one stone: ZIF-8@g-C3N4 nanosheets simultaneously enhance barrier property, active protection and UV aging resistance of epoxy coatings

In order to address the challenge of the epoxy coating’s limited ability to mitigate electrochemical reactions following metal corrosion as well as its susceptibility to degradation and aging under ultraviolet irradiation, ZIF-8 (ZIF=Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework) was modified on the surface of Graphite-like carbon nitride (g-C3N4) nanosheets by in-situ loading method to construct ZIF-8@g-C3N4 (ZCN) smart nanoparticles which exhibited an acidic pH response with releasing Zn2+ cations and imidazole molecules to achieve an 87.2 % corrosion inhibition efficiency on carbon steel within 5 h. Modified by ZCN, epoxy coating (ZCN/EP) retained high barrier property even after a 40-day immersion in a 3.5 wt% NaCl solution. Meanwhile, ZCN responded to pH changes from localized corrosion, releasing inhibitors and forming zinc oxide/zinc hydroxide and Fe-Im chelate to further impede corrosion progression. Furthermore, combining the ability to absorb and reflect/scatter UV radiation, ZCN provided excellent UV resistance for ZCN/EP coatings to maintain exceptional anti-corrosion after 300 h of UV exposure, as well as good surface characteristics and thermal–mechanical properties. This work provides a novel concept for developing long-lasting coatings with multifunctionality.

Tri-source integrated adenosine triphosphate complexed copper ions anchored to boron nitride surfaces for enhancing flame protection of waterborne epoxy coatings

The abundant C, P, and N elements in the structure of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) can act as carbon, acid, and gas sources, and thus can be used as an efficient intumescent flame retardant. Here, a layer of polydopamine (PDA) with polyhydroxyl groups was firstly loaded on the surface of BN to provide a bridging effect for the surface modification of BN. Then, ATP-Cu was immobilized on the BN surface by complexation of ATP with Cu2+, resulting in an efficient inorganic-organic-metal composite flame retardant (BNP@ATP-Cu). This composite flame retardant effectively combined the high barrier effect of BN, the high swelling property of ATP and the catalytic carbon formation activity of Cu2+. The experimental results revealed that the EP loaded with BNP@ATP-Cu showed the lowest backside temperature (171.2 °C), indicating the highest thermal barrier effect. Moreover, BNP@ATP-Cu/EP exhibited the most significant swelling characteristics (22.7 mm, 17.46) and smoke suppression effect (42.8 %). In contrast, the carbon residue of BNP@ATP-Cu/EP (30.8 %) was significantly higher than that of the other coated samples, which was related to the combined effect of BN and ATP-Cu. The above relevant results fully demonstrated the effectiveness of the composite flame retardants in improving the fire resistance of epoxy coatings.

Promoting Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO2 and Nitrate to Urea on N-Doped Porous Hollow Carbon Spheres.

The electrocatalytic coreduction of CO2 and nitrate is a green method for urea synthesis, mitigating CO2 emission and nitrate contamination. However, its slow kinetics and high energy barrier result in a poor urea production performance. Herein, we reported N-doped porous hollow carbon spheres (N-PHCS) for promoting CO2 and nitrate conversion to urea via nanoconfinement and N-doping from both reaction kinetics and thermodynamics. A high urea yield of 12.0 mmol h-1 gcat-1 with Faradaic efficiency of 19.1% was achieved on N-PHCS at -1.0 V (vs Ag/AgCl), which was comparable to or even higher than those of metal-based electrocatalysts reported. The experimental and theoretical calculation results revealed that carbon spheres with an appropriate interior void and pore size were favorable for confining reactants and intermediates to accelerate urea production, while N-doping can reduce the energy barrier for urea synthesis. By regulating the microstructure and N doping of N-PHCS, it showed a superior performance for urea electrosynthesis. The energy favorable pathway for urea synthesis was through the C-N coupling reaction of *NO and *CO, and pyridinic N can reduce the reaction energy barrier.

Room temperature self-healing and high gas barrier properties of elastomer composites incorporated with liquid metal

Flexible electronic devices require stretchable packaging materials that provide a hermetic seal. However, conventional soft materials often exhibit strong gas permeability, making it difficult to achieve stable operation, which requires films with high deformability, self-healing capability, and gas barrier functionality. In this study, a layer by layer (LBL) method was employed to uniformly coat a controllable thickness of liquid metal (LM) onto a designed and synthesized self-healing thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) film, successfully developing a stretchable gas barrier film (TPU/LM) with high gas barrier properties. The designed polyurethane film significantly enhanced the adhesion of the liquid metal, effectively preventing leakage. The experimental results show that the water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) of the TPU/LM composite film with a thickness of 40 μm is 4.04g/(m2·day). Compared to the film without LM, the gas barrier performance has been improved by approximately 16 times. Additionally, there is a significant enhancement in nitrogen (N2) barrier, with a permeation rate reaching 4.0*10−17 cm3 cm/(cm2·s·Pa), effectively blocking the N2 permeation. This demonstrates the universality of the TPU/LM in gas barrier applications. Furthermore, the TPU/LM film also demonstrated excellent electromagnetic shielding effectiveness. The self-healing capability of the stretchable gas barrier film allows it to recover its initial gas barrier performance after mechanical damage. Humidity-sensitive resistors encapsulated with TPU/LM exhibited stable operation in both air and 90 % humidity environments, confirming the superior barrier properties of the TPU/LM. Generally, the developed TPU/LM is suitable for packaging applications in the next generation of flexible electronic devices.

Spatial Confinement of Lithium Borohydride in Bimetallic CoNi-Doped Hollow Carbon Frameworks for Stable Hydrogen Storage.

While lithium borohydride is one of the most promising hydrogen storage materials due to its ultrahigh hydrogen storage density, high thermodynamic stability, kinetic barriers, and poor reversibility, it is far from being used in practical applications. Herein, we prepare a cubic hollow carbon dodecahedron uniformly modified with a bimetallic CoNi alloy (CoNi/NC) for preserving the stable catalytic effect of CoNi alloys toward reversible hydrogen storage. It is theoretically confirmed that bimetallic CoNi alloys effectively weaken the B-H bonds of LiBH4 by extending their average length to 1.33, 0.09 and 0.04 Å longer than that of LiBH4 and LiBH4 under metallic Co, respectively. More importantly, the alloying of Co with Ni avoids the reattachment of H from LiBH4 to the Co surface, which prevents LiBH4 from dehydrogenation for the formation of H2 on the Co surface, thus resulting in an ultralow hydrogen desorption energy of 0.1, 1.85 and 0.52 eV lower than that of LiBH4 and LiBH4 under metallic Co. Therefore, the onset and peak hydrogen desorption temperatures decrease to 130 and 355 °C, respectively, 170 and 97 °C lower than that of bulk LiBH4. More importantly, a reversible H2 capacity of 9.4 wt % is achieved even after 10 cycles.

First-principles study of Re in BCC-Mo: Diffusion behavior and interaction with point defects

Due to their some beneficial properties, molybdenum-based alloys, such as Mo-Re alloys, are recognized as potential structural materials for nuclear power reactors. Irradiation induced precipitation of rhenium (Re) atoms causes hardening and embrittlement of Mo-Re alloys, restricting their application. The interaction of rhenium (Re) atoms with point defects (PDs), as well as the diffusion behavior of Re atoms in BCC-Mo (Body Center Cubic-molybdenum), were investigated using first-principles methods. The results revealed that Re atoms exhibited high binding energies with both vacancy (Vac) and interstitial dumbbells. Furthermore, the binding energies increased with the number of Re atoms. The binding energies of Re with self-interstitial dumbbell (SIA, ie., Mo-Mo) and mixed interstitial dumbbell (Mo-Re) were quite close to. Due to the high exchange barrier between Vac and Re, the diffusion of rhenium through the vacancy-drag mechanism was difficult. Due to the low migration and rotation barrier of Mo-Re mixed interstitial dumbbell, the diffusion of Re atoms in Mo was dominated by the interstitial-mediated mechanism. From the perspective of diffusion dynamics, only interstitial dumbbells can promote the aggregation of Re atoms. By comparing the binding energy of interstitial dumbbell with interstitial dumbbell and interstitial dumbbell with Re atoms, pairs of Mo-Re interstitial dumbbell was suggested to be the nucleation sites to attract more interstitial dumbbells, thereby promoting the precipitation of Re clusters. It was because they had high binding energy and were difficult to decompose once combined.

2D electrodeposition assembly of Cu/Cu2O nanoarrays for low temperature H2S sensing

Ultra-sensitive hydrogen sulfide (H2S) detection technology at low temperatures provides critical support for the application of one-time alert systems under extreme conditions, ensuring reliable monitoring of H2S in low-temperature environments and enhancing safety and practicability. In this study, we developed a novel low-temperature H2S sensor based on Cu/Cu2O nanoarrays, prepared through a combination of 2D electrodeposition in situ assembly and the hydrothermal method. The heterointerface between Cu nanowires and Cu2O nanocubes presents a high barrier, which can be modulated to zero through the formation of continuous CuxS conductive channels via the vulcanization reaction, thereby achieving excellent sensitivity and selectivity towards H2S at low temperatures. At freezing temperatures and low H2S concentrations (≤20 ppm), the sensors show ideal recovery and reasonable sensitivity (R=150 to 10 ppm H2S at 0 °C). However, the response significantly increases (R=5624 at 10 ppm H2S at 50 °C) and recovery is lost under reversed conditions. First-principles calculations have confirmed that the enhanced H2S adsorption at the heterointerface is the primary reason for the robust response observed at 0 °C. Experimental results demonstrate that the Cu/Cu2O nanoarrays were capable of rapid detection of H2S at low temperatures through modulation of heterointerface barriers.

Enhanced Gas Barrier and Mechanical Properties of Styrene-Butadiene Rubber Composites by Incorporating Electrostatic Self-Assembled Graphene Oxide @ Layered Double Hydroxide Hybrids.

Rubber composites with a high gas barrier and mechanical properties have received considerable attention due to their potential applications. Constructing complex filler networks in a rubber matrix is an effective strategy to simultaneously enhance the gas barrier and mechanical properties. In this work, graphene oxide layered double hydroxide (GO@LDHs) hybrids were obtained by the electrostatic self-assembly method. A unique interspersed and isolated structure was formed in GO@LDHs hybrids due to the chemical interactions between the functional groups on GO sheets and the metal cations on LDH layers. Subsequently, the GO@LDHs hybrids were incorporated into a styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) matrix using a green latex compounding method. The results showed that the GO@LDHs hybrids were uniformly embedded in the SBR matrix, constructing an overlapped filler network and forming physical bonding points that reduced the free volume of the composites. The electrostatic interactions between GO@LDHs hybrids facilitated energy dissipation during stretching, thereby improving the mechanical performance of the rubber composites. More importantly, the N2 gas permeability and fracture toughness of GO@LDHs/SBR composites decreased by 52.2% and increased by 845%, respectively, compared to those of a pure SBR matrix. The construction of GO@LDHs hybrids offers new insights for designing rubber composites with a high gas barrier and mechanical properties.

Regulation of charge transfer direction and key steps via Y modification of redox-active sites on borocarbonitride for photocatalytic CO2 reduction

Hexagonal borocarbonitride (h-BCN) have garnered significant attention for their unique optoelectronic properties in solar-to-fuel conversions. However, the efficiency of h-BCN in the field of photocatalytic CO2 reduction is limited by high reaction energy barriers and serious charge recombination. Here, a Y-modified h-BCN were synthesized through an organic-inorganic hybrid precursor pyrolysis method. Both theoretical simulation and experimental analysis demonstrated that the Y-modified sample exhibits an inhomogeneous charge distribution that favours rapid charge transfer and can decrease the reaction barrier of the rate-control step. Further investigations indicated that adding Y changes the electronic structure of BCN, which leads to rapid charge transfer/separation and an increased lifespan for photoinduced electrons. As a result, 2.5%Y/BCN exhibited improved CO2 photoreduction activity with a fuel yield of 50.35 μmol g−1. Notably, this outstanding performance was achieved without the use of any cocatalyst or sacrificial agent. In the meanwhile, cycle test shows the photocatalyst's great stability. The findings provide a useful suggestions for BCN-based photocatalysts.

Bithiazole inhibitors of PI4KB show broad-spectrum antiviral activity against different viral families

Broad-spectrum antivirals can be extremely important for pandemic preparedness. Targeting host factors dispensable for the host but indispensable for the virus can result in high barrier to resistance and a large range of viruses targeted. PI4KB is a lipid kinase involved in the replication of several RNA viruses, but common inhibitors of this target are mainly active against members of the Picornaviridae family. Herein we describe the optimization of bithiazole PI4KB inhibitors as broad-spectrum antivirals (BSAs) active against different members of the Picornaviridae, Coronaviridae, Flaviviridae and Poxviridae families. Since some of these viruses are transmitted via respiratory route, the efficacy of one of the most promising compounds was evaluated in an airway model. The molecule showed complete viral inhibition and absence of toxicity. These results pave the road for the development of new BSAs.

Application of bio-based modified graphene oxide in epoxy composite coatings

This study focuses on the application of bio-based modified graphene oxide epoxy composite coatings and analyzes the coating properties, such as anticorrosive ability, hydrophobicity and self-healing properties, through experimental studies of modified graphene oxide using substances such as cashew nut phenol, lignin and glutamic acid. Summarizing the latest research progress, it is found that the materials such as cardanol, lignin and glutamic acid are from a wide range of sources, are green and have a wide range of application prospects, and it is also shown in the results of EIS analysis that the modified graphene oxide epoxy compliant coatings exhibit higher impedance values at low frequencies, and have good protective properties and barrier properties. The cashew phenol-modified graphene oxide epoxy coating has high densification, high barrier capacity and high hydrophobicity in addition to good coating healing ability using GO modification. The glutamate-modified graphene oxide epoxy coating can be desorbed by using HCL solution to make L-Glu/GO reusable, with good reusability and high application value.

Preparation and characterization of crystalline poly(L‐lactic acid)/silica nanocomposite films with high ductility and gas barrier properties

AbstractIncorporating inorganic particles is a common approach to preparing polymeric materials with desirable physical properties and processability. However, this often results in increased brittleness, necessitating methods to improve melt strength and toughness. In this study, in situ polymerization was employed to functionalize silica nanoparticles with the silane coupling agent (3‐aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (APTES) as a core. A flexible chain segment, poly(butylene itaconate) (PBI), was then introduced as a “rubbery” intermediate layer, resulting in a core‐shell structure of poly(L‐lactic‐co‐butanediol itaconate) nano‐silica copolymer films (PLBISiO2) with both branched and “rubbery” structures. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) confirmed the formation of macromolecular chains, with the molecular weight (Mn) of PLBI increasing from 59,638 to 74,306 g/mol. This significant increase supports the “rubbery” core‐shell structure. When 0.5% SiO2 was added, the T5% of the film increased by 40°C, significantly improving thermal stability. Additionally, the elongation at break increased to 265.7%, while retaining the original tensile strength. Dynamic rheology experiments further confirmed the generation of branched or “rubbery” core‐shell structures, and a doubling of gas barrier properties was observed with increased silica nanoparticles, suggesting potential applications in food packaging or biopharmaceuticals.Highlights Nanocomposites with core‐shell structure and improved mechanical properties. Dynamic rheology experiments confirmed the formation of the core‐shell structure. Significantly improved gas barrier properties due to core‐shell structure.

True Random Number Generator Based on Chaotic Oscillation of a Tunable Double-Well MEMS Resonator.

Chaotic systems have aroused interest across various scientific disciplines such as physics, biology, chemistry, and meteorology. The deterministic but unpredictable nature of a chaotic system is an ideal feature for random number generation. Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) are a promising technology that effectively harnesses chaos, offering advantages such as a compact footprint, scalability, and low power consumption. This paper presents a true random number generator (TRNG) based on a double-well MEMS resonator integrated with an actuator and position sensor. The potential energy landscape of the proposed MEMS resonator is actively tunable with a direct current voltage. Experimental demonstrations of tunable bistability and chaotic resonance are reported in this paper. A chaotic time sequence is generated through piezoresistive sensing of the position of the MEMS resonator once it is driven into the chaotic regime. Subsequently, the randomness of the bit sequence, achieved by applying the exclusive or function to a digital chaotic sequence and its delayed differential is confirmed to meet the National Institute of Standards and Technology specifications. Moreover, the throughput and energy efficiency of the proposed MEMS-based TRNG can be adjusted from 50 kb s-1 and 0.44 pJ per bit at a low energy barrier to 167 kb s-1 and 6.74 pJ per bit at a high energy barrier by changing the MEMS device's potential well. The tunability of the proposed double-well MEMS resonator not only offers continuous adjustments in the energy efficiency of TNRG but also unveils vast and diverse research opportunities in analog computing, encryption, and secure communications.

Strategy to enhance the performance of spin field effect transistors-insert effective intermediate layer graphene

Abstract Novel spin field effect transistors (FETs) with metal contacts are designed to reduce the high Schottky barrier height (SBH) due to Fermi pinning, reducing energy consumption and increasing their performance. Herein, we effectively enhance the conductivity (106 orders of magnitude) and current threshold of the FETs by introducing interlayer graphene in the contact interface between the semiconductor blue phosphorus and the metal, thereby reducing the interlayer resistance. Electronic structure analysis shows that Blue Phosphorus–Graphene–Cu modulates the lowest SBH, yielding a larger FETs conductance compared to other metal systems. The spin injection further enhances the efficiency of FETs as rectifiers (enhanced 13%). This theoretical work provides rational guidance for realizing innovations in next-generation high-performance transistor technology, demonstrating the inherent potential of the regulatory mechanism.

Enhancing Detection Frequency and Reducing Noise Through Continuous Structures via Release-Controlled Transfer Toward Light-Based Wireless Communication.

Organic photodetectors (OPDs) have received considerable attention owing to their superior absorption coefficient and tunable bandgap. The introduction of bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) structure aims to maximize charge generation, however, its response speed is constrained by the random distribution of donor and acceptor. Herein, a multiple-active layer design consisting of a single acceptor layer and a bulk-heterojunction layer (A/BHJ structure) is introduced, which combines the benefits of both the planar junction and the BHJ, improving photo-sensing. A transfer process is employed for this structure, which involves calculating the energy release rate at each interface, considering temperature and velocity. Consequently, the OPD with the A/BHJ structure is successfully fabricated through transfer printing, resulting in reduced dark current, superior detectivity (1.06 × 1013 Jones), and rapid response, achieved by creating a high hole injection barrier and suppressing trap sites within the interfaces. By thoroughly investigating charge dynamics in the structure, the A/BHJ structure-based OPD attains large bandwidth detection with high signal-to-noise. An efficient wireless data communication system with digital-to-analog conversion is showcased using the A/BHJ structure-based OPD.

Achieving metal-like catalysis from semiconductors for on-surface synthesis

Free of posttransfer, on-surface synthesis (OSS) of single-atomic-layer nanostructures directly on semiconductors holds considerable potential for next-generation devices. However, due to the high diffusion barrier and abundant defects on semiconductor surfaces, extended and well-defined OSS on semiconductors has major difficulty. Furthermore, given semiconductors' limited thermal catalytic activity, initiating high-barrier reactions remains a significant challenge. Herein, using TiO2(011) as a prototype, we present an effective strategy for steering the molecule adsorption and reaction processes on semiconductors, delivering lengthy graphene nanoribbons with extendable widths. By introducing interstitial titanium (Tiint) and oxygen vacancies (Ov), we convert TiO2(011) from a passive supporting template into a metal-like catalytic platform. This regulation shifts electron density and surface dipoles, resulting in tunable catalytic activity together with varied molecule adsorption and diffusion. Cyclodehydrogenation, which is inefficient on pristine TiO2(011), is markedly improved on Tiint/Ov-doped TiO2. Even interribbon cyclodehydrogenation is achieved. The final product's dimensions, quality, and coverage are all controllable. Tiint doping outperforms Ov in producing regular and prolonged products, whereas excessive Tiint compromises molecule landing and coupling. This work demonstrates the crucial role of semiconductor substrates in OSS and advances OSS on semiconductors from an empirical trial-and-error methodology to a systematic and controllable paradigm.