Higher Attachment Research Articles

Management of a Patient with Angle Class I Malocclusion with Anterior Crossbite and Maxillary Central Diastema Caused by High Attachment of the Maxillary Labial Frenulum

Maxillary Central diastema is common and normal for the growth and development of the anterior segment. If the central diastema persists after the eruption of the permanent cuspids, the orthodontist should clarify the etiology and establish a treatment plan. This case report discusses a 22-year-old woman with anterior crossbite and central diastema due to a high maxillary labial frenulum attachment. Treatment was performed using a fixed orthodontic appliance with a posterior bite raiser. Frenectomy was performed at the end of the orthodontic treatment.

Employment trajectories among those treated for alcohol use disorder: A register-based cohort study.

Employment during and following treatment for alcohol use disorder (AUD) is important for the individual's health and well-being and for reducing the societal costs associated with benefit payments. Nonetheless, this is an under-researched topic. This study aimed to identify trajectories of labour force participation among people enrolled in AUD treatment and describe the characteristics of those following contrasting pathways. Using trajectory analysis, we modelled employment trajectory groups among AUD patients during the year of treatment entry and the 4 subsequent years, applying Norwegian longitudinal register data. Norway. Patients who entered treatment with AUD as the primary diagnosis during 2009 and 2010 (9000 patients, age 20-61 years). The outcome variable 'labour force attachment' was measured as being in full-time employment, partly employed, on temporary welfare benefits or on permanent disability pension. Predictors were age, gender, education and comorbid mental health and drug use disorders. We distinguished six employment trajectories among AUD patients: 15.8% were on permanent disability pension throughout, 8.7% exited the labour force on permanent disability pension during the observation period, 32.1% had a medium attachment throughout follow-up, and 9.2% had a decreasing attachment; 23.3% had a high labour force attachment throughout, and 10.9% experienced increasing attachment. High attachment throughout was negatively associated with being female (P < 0.001), having lower educational attainment (P < 0.001), and having comorbid mental health (P < 0.001) and drug use disorders (P < 0.001). Norwegian patients treated for alcohol use disorder in 2009 and 2010 followed six employment trajectories during the 5 years following treatment entry and had lower labour force participation than the general population. Nearly a quarter had a high labour force attachment throughout treatment, which was positively associated with being male, having higher educational attainment and having fewer comorbid mental health and drug use disorders.

Connections among Puget Sound Residents' Psychological Restoration from Natural Environments, Place Attachment, and Beliefs about Environmental Governance.

Psychological restoration and place attachment may be related to beliefs about environmental governance, with place attachment a likely mediator. We analyze data from a public survey in the Puget Sound area of Washington state (n = 2323) regarding beliefs about environmental governance, place attachment to the Puget Sound area, and psychological restoration related to this area. On average, individuals felt neutral in their beliefs about environmental governance, had high place attachment, and had high frequency of psychological restoration in natural environments. Structural equation modeling indicated that those who more frequently experienced psychological restoration from natural environments had stronger place attachment and more positive beliefs about environmental governance. Place attachment was significantly associated with governance perceptions, but explained only a small portion of variance (R2 = 0.02), while psychological restoration was significantly associated with place attachment and explained a moderate portion of its variance (R2 = 0.37). Place attachment fully mediated the effects of frequency of psychological restoration on beliefs about governance. Promoting psychological restoration and place attachment without attending to the process factors associated with good governance would not likely be a viable strategy for environmental managers to substantially increase positive beliefs about environmental governance.

Liquid Helium Enhanced Vitrification Efficiency of Human Bone-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Human Embryonic Stem Cells.

Stem cells have the capacity to self-renew and differentiate to specialized cells, which are usually sensitive to cryopreservation. Therefore, the cell survival rate of stem cells using common cryopreservation protocol is generally not ideal. High cooling rates are crucial for decreasing the usage of cryoprotectants (CPAs) and promoting the successful vitrification of stem cells. In this study, we adopted liquid helium (LHe) instead of liquid nitrogen (LN2) as the cryogen to achieve high cooling rates for vitrifying stem cells with high viability and complete functions. A numerical model was established to simulate the cooling processes of vitrifying specimens by immersing them in LHe and LN2. The calculated results revealed higher cooling rates when plunging specimens into LHe than into LN2. The high viability of human bone-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) and human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) after vitrifying into LHe also shows the superiority of LHe as the cryogen. Furthermore, considerable cell viability was achieved by vitrification in LHe, even when decreasing the concentrations of CPAs. Additionally, post-vitrification, the cells still maintained high attachment and proliferation efficiency, normal stemness, and multipotential differentiation both for hBMSCs and hESCs. LHe is prospective to be employed as a universal cryogen for vitrification which has a great potential for widespread applications, including bioengineering and clinical medicine.

THE INFLUENCE OF PARENTAL AND PEER ATTACHMENT ON SELF-ESTEEM AT LATE ADOLESCENCE

The present study investigates the relationship between parent and peer attachment bonds on the development of self-esteem during late adolescence. The sample was randomly selected. Data was collected from 387 participants including 166 male and 221 female students from seven high schools of the Shkoder Municipality in Albania. A self-developed Demographic Questionnaire, Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment (Armsden &amp; Greenberg, 1987) and Rosenberg Self Esteem Scale (Rosenberg, 1965) were administered. A Pearson Correlation and Independent sample t-test were applied. Specific attention is focused on the assessment of attachment in adolescence. The results show the existence of a significant positive correlation between parental/peer attachment and self-esteem. Concerning gender differences during late adolescence, females showed higher attachment with parents and peers than males, but there were no gender differences in self-esteem. This research enables us to develop new insight into the importance of parent and peer attachment for a healthy adolescence.

Companion Animal Ownership and Mood States of University Students Majoring in Animal Sciences during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Japan.

Simple SummaryPeople have experienced great difficulties in their daily lives from the COVID-19 pandemic. This study examines whether living with companion animals and attachment to companion animals influence the moods of university students in Japan. In this study, students answered a questionnaire regarding their demographic data, companion animal ownership, attachment to their companion animals, perceived difficulties from COVID-19, and mood states. The results indicated that companion animal ownership with high attachment to their companion animals would relate to a positive mood in university students majoring in animal sciences during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, because of the limited population in size and by the students’ major, the results need to be interpreted as a possible effect of companion animals, and not as conclusive evidence to support the effects of animals.COVID-19 caused great difficulties in many people’s daily lives, including university students in Japan. This study examined whether living with companion animals and attachment to companion animals influence the moods of university students. Students answered a questionnaire, including demographic data, companion animal ownership, attachment to their companion animals, perceived difficulties from COVID-19, and Profile of Mood States 2 (POMS2) results. A total of 180 students answered the questionnaire. Stepwise multiple regression analyses were conducted to identify factors related to the total mood disturbance (TMD) score of the POMS2. In the regression model, perceived difficulties from COVID-19 and having a companion animal and a strong attachment to their companion animals were significantly correlated with TMD and served as the predictor variables. The first variable was positively related to TMD, whereas companion animal ownership with high attachment to their companion animals was negatively related to TMD. This finding indicated that companion animal ownership with high attachment to their companion animals would relate to a positive mood in university students majoring in animal sciences during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, because of the limited population in size and by the students’ major, the results need to be interpreted as a possible effect of companion animals, and not as conclusive evidence to support the effects of animals.

Prosody and the interpretation of English relative clauses

This study investigates the prosodic cues involved in the disambiguation of English relative clauses (RCs). For example, in the sentence “The reporter interviewed the daughter of the senator who was controversial,” the underlined RC can modify the higher noun “daughter” or the lower noun ‘senator, thus having a high attachment (HA) or low attachment (LA) interpretation. Prior work shows that prosody influences the interpretation of ambiguous structures (Lehiste, 1973; Nespor & Vogel, 1983) but does not examine specific acoustic cues distinguishing between RC interpretations. An elicited production task was conducted involving 40 target HA and LA RCs. Intermediate boundaries at the higher and lower nouns were examined for prosodic phrasing cues including pauses, syllable lengthening, boundary tones, and final creak. Delaying of prenuclear peaks was also considered. Data from 8 speakers show that 70% of HA utterances contained two intermediate boundaries, compared to 57% of LA utterances. Main results show that the majority of first intermediate boundaries were high (H-) (81% for LA, 70% for HA), while second intermediate boundaries were usually low (L-) (78% for LA, 73% for HA). In addition, LA interpretations had prenuclear delayed peaks on the higher nouns more often (50% vs. 36% of HA cases).

Adult attachment, maladaptive coping, alcohol consumption, and drinking-related problems

ABSTRACT This study examined the relation between adult attachment and drinking-related problems among college students and how maladaptive, insecure attachment-based coping strategies and alcohol consumption explained such link. A total of 257 college students completed research questionnaires. Results indicated that individuals with a history of family addiction reported significantly more alcohol consumption and drinking-related problems. In addition, findings indicated significant indirect effect paths from both attachment avoidance and attachment anxiety to maladaptive deactivating coping, to greater alcohol consumption, and to drinking-related problems. On the other hand, high attachment anxiety was associated with more alcohol consumption which in turn, led to more alcohol-associated problems, but maladaptive hyperactivating coping was not associated with either alcohol consumption or drinking-related problems. Implications of findings, limitations, and future research directions are discussed.

Visible light driven low temperature photoactive energy storage materials for high rate thermal output system

Development of photoactive chemical heat storage (PCHS) materials that can be isomerized without ultraviolet light and have outstanding storage performance as well as high rate heat output capability under low temperature conditions is a core issue for effective solar thermal conversion. In this study, we report a novel PCHS material by attaching ortho-tetrafluorinated azobenzene (AzoTF) onto reduced graphene oxide (rGO) for photothermal conversion and storage. By applying the strategy of separating the n → π* transition of two different configurations of AzoTF to the field of PCHS materials, this AzoTF-rGO composite not only realizes the isomerization with visible light for two configurations with a long life cycle, but also exhibits excellent fatigue resistance and low temperature high rate heat output capability, which greatly increases its exploitation value. Moreover, the AzoTF-rGO composite also shows remarkable heat storage density (Max. 345.8 kJ kg−1), power density (Max. 2401.4 W kg−1) attribute to the intermolecular hydrogen bond as well as the strong intermolecular interactions arise from the high attachment density. This new AzoTF-rGO PCHS material may paves a new way for more effective and efficient solar thermal energy conversion and storage.

COVID-19 Related Traumatic Distress in Psychotherapy Patients during the Pandemic: The Role of Attachment, Working Alliance, and Therapeutic Agency.

The early months of the COVID-19 pandemic have been a challenging time for many psychotherapy patients. To understand why certain patients were more resilient, we examined the role of patients’ attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance, as well as collaborative therapy experiences (perceived working alliance and therapeutic agency) in their online sessions on their COVID-related traumatic distress over a three-month period. A total of 466 patients in online psychotherapy completed a survey during the first weeks of the pandemic, and 121 of those completed a follow-up survey three months later. Lower distress at follow-up was predicted by patients’ lower attachment anxiety and higher therapeutic agency in their online sessions after controlling for baseline distress and time of survey completion. Higher working alliance predicted less distress at follow-up only for patients with high attachment anxiety. For patients with low attachment avoidance (i.e., more securely attached), higher therapeutic agency predicted less distress. These findings suggest that patients’ attachment anxiety and therapeutic agency may play significant roles also in online therapy during COVID-19 in patient’s experienced traumatic distress, and that working alliance and therapeutic agency may be differentially important for patients with different levels of attachment anxiety and avoidance.

Unanswered Questions and Hypotheses about Domestic Cat Behavior, Ecology, and the Cat-Human Relationship.

Simple SummaryOver the last three and a half decades, many studies have been published about cat behavior and cat–human interactions (many by the author and his former team of assistants and university students); these have been summarized in recent review articles. Although we have learned much about domestic cats and their relationships with people, there are still many unanswered questions of interest to scientists and the lay public. The author has briefly referred to the past results and formulated the unanswered questions (some as hypotheses), even suggesting possible ways to answer or test them. Although the author is now retired, his intent is to encourage young researchers beginning their academic careers to take up the torch and work on this fascinating companion animal species. After recent publication of several reviews covering research results from the last 35 years of domestic cat studies, a number of important unanswered questions and hypotheses have arisen that could interest active researchers, especially those beginning their academic careers. Some sections of this paper concern methodologies that have yielded new insights and could provide more in the future; other sections concern findings and interpretations of those that need further testing. First, hypotheses arise from combining subjective (or psychological) assessments of cat and human personality traits and observational (ethological) studies of cat–human interactions: e.g., do owners with high attachment to their cats interact differently with them than owners with low attachment levels? New analytical methods of dyadic interaction observations open the door for testing further hypotheses. In particular, the Theme® (Noldus bv, NL) program could be used to determine if there are differences between cat breeds in interaction patterns with people, which is not only of interest to owners but also therapists employing cats in their practices. Cat breed differences have been found using subjective ratings, but these need to be corroborated by direct observational data from the home setting and/or non-invasive colony observations, since ratings based on anthropomorphic projections might not be reliable. This should be done before searching for the genetic basis of such differences. Reliable information on breed differences is also needed before prescribing certain breeds for animal-assisted interventions. A model has predicted that the degree of socialization as a kitten affects cats’ responses to positive and negative experiences with unfamiliar humans and their formation of feline–human relationships later on. This needs to be tested in an ethically approved manner on cats of known socialization status and has enormous consequences for cat adoptions from animal shelters. Observations of human–cat interactions have yielded many correlations, which can be tested by non-invasive manipulations of human behavior in the home setting. Examples of these will be given and are of general interest to the cat-owning public. A review of first findings on social cognition in cats has resulted in further unanswered questions and hypotheses. Finally, two aspects of domestic cat ecology will be considered (effects on wildlife and space utilization), which are of great interest to the public and conservationists alike.

Dyadic Adjustment and Prenatal Attachment in Couples during Pregnancy

This study is aimed to examine the relationship between dyadic adjustment and prenatal attachment. 346 pregnant women who applied to the antenatal polyclinic of a University Research Hospital constituted the sampling of the study. A pregnancy-information form, and the Dyadic Adjustment Scale and Prenatal Attachment Inventory were used to collect data from the pregnant women. There was a weak, positive, and significant relationship between prenatal attachment and dyadic adjustment. However, this study showed that pregnant women had a high dyadic adjustment and prenatal attachment. Also, it presented the need for improving dyadic adjustment to enhance prenatal attachment among pregnant women.

Formation of seedlings of white lupin, Lupinus albus L. and blue lupin, Lupinus angustifolius L. in laboratory and field experiments

Modern varieties of white lupin can be an alternative to soy in overcoming vegetable protein deficiency: to produce or import? Unlike soybeans, lupin seeds do not contain trypsin inhibitors; they don’t need heat treatment to be used in feed. Lupin has a high attachment of beans. It is drought-resistant, adapted to environmental conditions with insufficient moisture. The formation of seedlings is a critical period in the ontogeny of lupin, preceding sprouting. At this time, parameters of seedlings such as the speed and vigor, density, distribution uniformity on the soil surface are determined. The objective is to determine the dynamic characteristics of seedlings of white and blue lupin seeds by alterations in the wet and dry weight of the seedling and its individual organs in laboratory and field experiments. In the laboratory experiments, seeds of white and blue lupins were germinated on sifted and calcined sand, moistened to 80% of the total moisture capacity at 20 oC. On the 4th and 7th days, the wet and dry weight per 100 seedlings, morphological alterations in the seedling bodies and their mass were determined, as well as the expenditure of seed reserve nutrients for the formation of seedlings was calculated. In field experiment, the same parameters of seedlings were determined, considering their laboratory germination (according to the number of viable seeds per 1 m row). The formation features of seedlings of white and blue lupins in laboratory and field experiments have been studied. The certain features influencing the parameters of seedlings in field during the critical sowing-seedlings” period have been determined.

Psychological Distress in Erectile Dysfunction: The Moderating Role of Attachment.

IntroductionIn clinical consultations, men with erectile dysfunction do not always express personal, sexual, and interpersonal concerns.AimWe explore whether the attenuated impact of erectile dysfunction may be explained by a regulation of negative affect that causes activation of the attachment system.MethodsThe study sample consisted of 69 men diagnosed with erectile dysfunction, mean (SD) age 56 (10.83) years. Participants completed self-reported questionnaires to assess erectile dysfunction severity, attachment style, sexual satisfaction, relationship satisfaction, and psychological symptoms.Main Outcome MeasureThe moderating role of attachment between erectile dysfunction and sexual satisfaction, relationship satisfaction, and psychological distress was evaluated using multiple linear regression and moderation analysis.ResultsAll men in the sample had high attachment avoidance, distributed between the dismissive-avoidant (69.6%) and fearful-avoidant (30.4%) substyles, but low levels of psychological symptoms. Despite their erectile dysfunction, 27 patients (39.1%) rated their sexual life as satisfactory, and 46 (66.7%) rated their relationship with their partner as satisfactory. Men with fearful-avoidant attachment reported feeling more sexual desire and less sexual satisfaction than men with dismissive-avoidant attachment. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that sexual satisfaction variance was explained by erectile dysfunction severity, attachment anxiety, and relationship satisfaction scores. Moderation analysis showed that attachment anxiety, but not relationship satisfaction, moderated the impact of erectile dysfunction on sexual satisfaction.ConclusionThe avoidance dimension of attachment, which tends to be high in patients with erectile dysfunction, involves deactivation of the sexual system in an effort to minimize the emotional distress associated with erectile dysfunction, which damages sexual and relationship intimacy and delays the decision to obtain professional help. The presence of high attachment avoidance and the moderating value of attachment anxiety allow us to propose specific treatments for these men.Maestre-Lorén F, Castillo-Garayoa JA, López-i-Martín X, et al. Psychological Distress in Erectile Dysfunction: The Moderating Role of Attachment. Sex Med 2021;9:100436.

Boosting attachment security promotes giving behaviour in higher attachment anxiety

ABSTRACT Objective The sense of attachment security is believed to be positively associated with altruistic behaviour. Based on this notion, this study investigated whether boosting attachment security increases people’s giving behaviour and examined the moderating role of attachment styles. Method To this end, a 30-day security priming training (using multi-method approaches) was conducted to validate these assumptions. Sixty-six participants were randomly assigned to either the security or the neutral priming training group. The dictator game (DG) was adopted as a measure of altruism, and each participant was required to complete a DG before and after the priming training. Results The results indicated that participants who experienced security priming training exhibited more giving behaviour in DG. Moreover, the boosting effect of this training was more evident in participants with high attachment anxiety. Conclusion These findings enhance our understanding about the different susceptibility of attachment insecurities to security priming and further validate the causal link between attachment security and altruism. KEY POINTS What is already known about this topic: Attachment security was associated with higher altruistic behavior. Attachment insecurities (anxiety and avoidance) were thought to impede altruism. Feelings of attachment security could be improved by security priming training. What this topic adds: Security priming training could effectively improve participant’s giving behavior. The boosting effect of security priming training was more obvious in participants with high attachment anxiety. Empathy is contagious; therefore, in social life, whatever role you play, being sensitive and supportive will always help!

Effects of luxury brand attachment and perceived envy on schadenfreude: does need for uniqueness moderate?

PurposeThis study aims to investigate how luxury brand attachment (LBA) and perceived envy may influence schadenfreude. In addition, the moderating influence of consumers’ need for uniqueness (CNFU) and private vs public consumption is examined.Design/methodology/approachData were collected from a consumer panel in Australia. A total of 365 valid and useable responses were analysed through structural equation modelling in AMOS 26.FindingsThe results show that LBA has a significant impact on perceived envy. Consumers’ perceived envy also results in schadenfreude. However, LBA did not have any significant impact on schadenfreude. The moderating influence of CNFU is partially supported. This research further confirms that consumers’ public consumption has more relevance to visible social comparison and potential feelings of malicious envy towards others.Practical implicationsThe research model may work as a strategic tool to identify, which group of consumers (e.g. high vs low attachment) displays stronger envy and schadenfreude. Brand managers can also explore the personality traits and psychological dynamics that influence the consumers to express emotional bonds and malicious joy within the context of consumer-brand relationships.Originality/valueThis is one of the first few studies that have examined the relationships amongst consumers’ brand attachment, perceived envy, schadenfreude and need for uniqueness within a luxury branding context.

Brand iconisation in the social media era

Branding is the method by which companies create an identity for their products or services, with the aim of forming a deep emotional connection with their consumers, and iconic brands enjoy intensely loyal consumer bases with high emotional attachment levels; however, the rapid proliferation of social media and user-generated content is shifting the way in which consumers, particularly younger consumers, interact with brands. If companies fail to manage this changing paradigm properly, today’s iconic brands may find themselves relegated to the historical archive of failed brand icons — a cautionary tale to those brands seeking to rise to iconic status in the social media era. The goal of this paper is to illuminate the changing paradigm of iconic brand creation in an increasingly socially connected world, and stimulate discussion around understanding the influence of consumer-driven social media activity on iconic brand creation.

Diode laser-assisted frenectomy - A case report

Frenectomy, the removal of buccal frenum, is a common procedure in oral surgery as high attachment of frenum may cause prosthodontic issues, periodontal disorders and orthodontic disorders. The use of surgical diode lasers associated to laser biostimulation can increase patients’ compliance to this procedure. A 48-years old male patient presented with a low attachment buccal frenum and prosthetic issues. A decision was made for laser-assisted surgery with diode laser 810nm (Elexxion Nano, Elexxion). The excision procedure used continuous mode, power 2.5W, optic fibre with diameter 400μm. The surgical procedure was ended with low-level laser procedure using biostimulation module of the diode laser. VAS indices decreased from 3,8 immediate post-operatively to 2,6 (1 day post-operatively), and 0,4 (3 days post-treatment). The wound healing was completed at 12 days post-treatment. Diode laser-assisted frenectomy had many postoperative advantages as follows: absence of bleeding and oedema, low pain intensity at 1 day and 3 days, the absence of postoperative pain at 7 days, reduced wound healing time. The clinical application of the diode laser in frenectomy was easy-to-use, efficient, safe, and can be considered a valid alternative surgical procedure in relation to the classic surgical procedure.

Pet Attachment and the Interpersonal Theory of Suicide.

Background: Pet ownership is often assumed to have mental health benefits, but the effect of pets on suicide risk has a scant literature. Aims: Using the interpersonal theory of suicide, we examined the relationships between perceived burdensomeness (PB), thwarted belongingness (TB), overall attachment to one's pet, pet attachment avoidance or anxiety, and suicide risk. The following three hypotheses were investigated: (1) Higher attachment would be indirectly associated with lower suicide risk via lower TB and lower PB; (2) attachment would be associated with higher suicide risk, as conditioned on attachment avoidance/anxiety; and (3) attachment avoidance/anxiety would be associated with higher suicide risk via higher TB/PB. Method: Undergraduates (N = 187) completed surveys, and indirect effect and conditional effect analyses were utilized. Results: Overall attachment was associated with lower PB, which was associated with lower suicide risk. The relationship between overall attachment and suicide risk was not conditional upon attachment anxiety/avoidance. Attachment avoidance was associated with increased levels of TB, which was associated with increased suicide risk. Attachment anxiety was associated with increased suicide risk via TB and PB. Limitations: We used a university sample that had limited access to pets. Conclusions: Findings suggest that pet ownership may provide mixed associations with suicide risk.

Problem Talk in Adolescence: Temperament and Attachment as Predictors of Co-Rumination Trajectories in Boys and Girls.

Co-rumination has consistently been shown to be maladaptive in the context of emotional well-being. However, not much is known about factors that predict one’s tendency to co-ruminate. The current study investigated temperament, attachment, and gender as predictors of co-rumination trajectories in a sample of 1549 early and middle adolescents from fifth to ninth grade (53.4% girls; Mage = 12.93). Analyses were performed on four waves of data with one-year intervals using multi-level modeling. First, girls were found to be more likely to co-ruminate. Second, high positive affectivity in boys and girls and high effortful control in boys was related to higher co-rumination. Third, high attachment anxiety and high general trust in the availability and support of a mother were predictive of higher co-rumination levels. High attachment avoidance was negatively related to co-rumination in boys. High positive affectivity in boys and girls and high trust in boys predicted decreases in reported co-rumination levels over time. Results highlight differences between boys and girls in factors that predict the tendency to co-ruminate. The current study adds to the literature by helping to identify factors associated with the development of co-rumination, which is a well-established risk factor of internalizing symptoms. Monitoring youth affected with these vulnerabilities may be recommended for prevention efforts.