Higher Attachment Research Articles

Relative Clause Processing and Attachment Resolution across Languages: Tatar–Russian–English Trilinguals

The study investigates psycholinguistic mechanisms of sentence parsing and ambiguity resolution by balanced Tatar–Russian bilinguals who learnt English as their additional language. We check the parser’s sensitivity to the selectional properties of the matrix verb and/or social conventions in processing and attachment resolution of ambiguous relative clauses (RCs). We chose English and Russian because they have a documented preference for low attachment (LA) and high attachment (HA), respectively, and Tatar, as we have found out in earlier work, has no attachment ambiguity. We conducted a self-paced reading task in English and Russian which returned 61% HA in Russian, 49% HA in English. It was followed by a pen-and-paper translation task. The translation post-test checked whether an attachment preference demonstrated in either English or Russian showed in RC translations into Tatar. The results return an 80% preference for LA in English–Tatar translations and 61% in Russian–Tatar translations. Both syntactic information and world knowledge influence online RC processing in Russian and English. Therefore, the multilingual parser incorporates information from multiple sources in either L1 or Ln processing. The parser may favor LA as a default parsing option while maintaining sensitivity to individual grammars (Russian), where this preference should be overridden.

A Case Study of Sandplay Therapy for a Mother with Insecure Attachment and the Impact on Family Members

The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes in a mother's attachment and emotional control resulting from Sandplay Therapy in cases of insecure adult attachment. Additionally, the study aimed to examine the changes in family perception and attachment to the mother's changes. One mother with a high insecure adult attachment score and her family were selected as subjects for this study. Attachment scales, emotional control scales, sentence completion tests (SCTs), and interviews were conducted before and after the therapy to study the subjects' changes in attachment and emotional control, as well as the changes perceived by family members. The mother then underwent 12 sessions of Sandplay Therapy. The results showed that: After Sandplay therapy, the mother's attachment and emotional control demonstrated positive changes. The mother's changes through Sandplay Therapy contributed to the improvement of the family's positive perception and attachment level. The Sandplay box underwent a process of individualization, leading to self-realization. In conclusion, Sandplay Therapy helps stabilize the attachment and emotion of insecure attachment mothers, and the changes in mothers have a positive impact on the perception and attachment of family members. A follow-up study, it is necessary to expand the number of study subjects by attachment type.

Prenatal Attachment Relationship with Pregnant Women’s Compliance in Carrying Out Antenatal Care Visits

Yogyakarta's 2022 health profile shows that MMR in 2021 is 580.34 from 2757 live births. Data from Basic Health Research (Riskesdas) conducted by the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia shows that 2017 K4 coverage nationally was 74.1%. This figure shows that mothers who receive the first visit do not continue the ANC according to the minimum standard of four visits. Antenatal care visits are an effort to reduce maternal and infant mortality. High maternal prenatal attachment is believed to be able to make a close emotional connection and encourage mothers to do positive things to improve their health. This study analyzed the relationship between prenatal attachment and pregnant women's compliance in the third-trimester antenatal care visit at Puskesmas Kasihan 1. The method used in this study is quantitative research with a cross-sectional approach. The sample used was 45 third-trimester pregnant women with uses purposive sampling technique. Data analysis using the Chi-Square Test. Chi-Square Test results obtain a p-value of 0.003 <0.05. This means that there is a significant relationship between prenatal attachment and the compliance of pregnant women with carrying out antenatal care. It can be concluded that there is a significant relationship between prenatal attachment and antenatal care compliance in pregnant women. A high level of prenatal attachment between mother and baby will affect the mother's compliance with antenatal care visits. The results of this study are expected to provide additional information to pregnant women about the importance of prenatal attachment in dealing with pregnancy.

Effects of hydrogen pressure on stabilization with improved denitrification in a hydrogen-based membrane biofilm reactor

Although start-up is a critical procedure in biofilm-based processes, systematic research aimed at improving start-up efficiency in hydrogen-based membrane biofilm reactors (H2-MBfRs) is lacking. In this study, we investigated the effects of H2 pressure on the stabilized denitrification performance of H2-MBfRs during start-up. Following inoculation with anoxic sludge, the biomass was acclimated to various H2 pressures. The increase in denitrifying microbial activity under high H2 pressures (i.e., H2 flux) shortened the denitrification lag time and reduced NO3–N removal flux, indicating an improved acclimation efficiency. The acclimated biomass was attached to membranes under different H2 pressures. High H2 pressures impeded biomass attachment, possibly because of bubble-less evaporation. Reducing the H2 pressure appeared to be necessary for improving the biomass attachment. However, this measure decreased previously acclimated denitrification activity. Therefore, the loss of both acclimation and biomass adhesion must be considered during the attachment phase. The highest removal flux (0.63 e- eq/m2-d) was obtained after just 3.5 d of acclimated biomass attachment (i.e., activated sludge floc) at 1.6 bar. During Phase 3, the initial performance was further improved to 0.89 e- eq/m2-d by gradually increasing the H2 pressure. These results provide a start-up strategy for improving the initial performance of H2-MBfRs.

AESTHETIC IMPROVEMENT IN ONE VISIT PERIODONTAL PLASTIC SURGERY USING SCALPEL AND LASER SURGICAL TECHNIQUE (CASE REPORT)

Introduction: A charming smile is formed from good harmonization of teeth and gums. Short teeth clinical crown, dark gingival color, diastema between the maxillary central incisors can interfere the aesthetic of the smile. This case report aims to describe the treatment of periodontal plastic surgery in form of aesthetic crown lengthening, gingival depigmentation and frenectomy to improve function and aesthetic in one visit using scalpel and laser. Case: A 23 year old male patient complained that the maxillary front teeth spaced, short and small, and the gum of the upper jaw is dark, which caused aesthetic discomfort. Objective examination showed high frenal attachment reaching the interdental papilla to palatal, diastema of the maxillary central incisors, short clinical crown and brownish maxillary gingiva. aberrant frenum labialis superior, altered passive eruption and gingival hyperpigmentation diagnoses was made in this case. Case Treatment: Aesthetic crown lengthening treatment with scalpel, gingival depigmentation using scrapping technique and frenectomy using combination of laser and scalpel surgical technique was carried out in one visit. Discussions: The advantages performing three periodontal plastic surgeries in one visit is require just once preparation of surgical materials and instruments, once surgical trauma, once prescription and less number of control visits. Conclusions and Suggestions: Treatment of crown lengthening, gingival depigmentation and frenectomy in one visit are considered effective and efficient based on time, trauma, and costs required. The periodontal plastic surgery technique can be choosing based on clinical finding on patient, patient’s needed and clinical skills of operator.

Evaluation of Association Between High Frenal Attachment and Severity of Midline Diastema

Introduction: A "midline diastema" arises when there is a space of more than 0.5 millimeters between the proximal surfaces of two consecutive teeth. There is usually open space between the two central incisors. Depending on its width, a midline diastema can make speaking difficult and look unsightly. Genetic factors, large tongues, improper tongue positioning during rest or function, microdontia or hypodontia of upper lateral incisors, extra teeth between upper central incisors, particularly mesiodens, aberrant frenal attachment, periodontal disease, and extra teeth are some of the multifactorial causes of midline diastema. The aim of this study is to assess the association between high frenal attachment and the severity of midline diastema. Materials and method: The study involved 126 patients. We assessed the frequency of high frenal attachment and midline diastema in these patients. The Chi square test was used to examine the data in the SPSS Software. Results and discussion: The current study has arrived at a positive correlation between the frenal attachment type and the severity of the midline diastema space. Midline diastema might be transitory or result from pathogenic, developmental, or iatrogenic reasons. Treatment options for diastema vary, and each one calls for an accurate etiology diagnosis and prompt action appropriate to that etiology. A correct diagnosis needs radiographic and clinical examination, medical and dental history, and perhaps tooth size assessment. Conclusion: Within the limitations of the study, it can be concluded that there is a positive correlation between the frenal attachment type and the severity of midline diastema space. It was also observed that the most common frenal attachment type was papillary type and the space more commonly was 2-3 mm in length.

Primary care for all: lessons for Canada from peer countries with high primary care attachment.

Primary care for all: lessons for Canada from peer countries with high primary care attachment.

지역주민의 정신건강 지원체계 참여 경험에 관한 연구

The purpose of this study was to investigate in depth the experiences of residents who participation in the mental health support system and to explore plan for practical support. Two focus group interviews were conducted with residents participating in the ‘Ibagu Hair Salon project’ being conducted the Mental Health Welfare Center. Qualitative data analysis extracted three theme clusters and 9 sub-themes and the key findings include the following: 1) Motivation to participate in the mental health support system : ‘Customized Service Professional’; 2) Experience in participating in the mental health support system response : ‘Cuts, dyes, and perm’; and 3) Plans to expand the mental health support system : ‘New styling’ Based on findings, highlighted the importance of utilization of local residents with a high community attachment, building support plan and reinforcement of compensation for effective response. In addition to this, reexamined of the meaning of resident participation in the area of mental health.

Major Depressive Disorder in Adolescents: a General Overview

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common mood disorder characterized by persistent depressive moods, irritability, and helplessness feelings, which could negatively influence one’s quality of life. Current research often concludes MDD in adolescents into MDD in general, whereas in reality, abundant differences exist between MDD in adolescents and MDD in adults. This article is an overview of major depressive disorder in adolescents incorporating its symptoms, future impacts, risk factors (academic pressure, attachment style, and peer relationships), and treatments. Although MDD in adolescents shares many similar symptoms as adults, it leads to long-lasting robust negative outcomes in adulthood, both physically and mentally. High academic pressure and insecure attachment style are both associated with the development of depressive symptoms. However, peer relationships have a much-complicated influence on depression. Positive interactions between peers and being regarded as belonging to a high-status group could prevent adolescents from developing depressive feelings. Surprisingly, close friendships could both bring positive and negative influences on depression, depending on the situation. This paper emphasizes the symptoms, importance, affecting factors, and current treatments of MDD in adolescence, which further reveals that treatments for MDD in adolescents still need more consideration and studies to improve effectiveness and avoid harm.

Benevolent Sexism: Understanding the Factors, Impact, and Implications for Gender Equality

This paper summarizes previous research articles on Benevolent Sexism (BS) from the perspectives of the role of attachment. The aim is to promote gender equality and improve the fairness experienced by individuals. The research findings indicate that women are more susceptible to accepting gender discrimination displayed by men, hindering their awareness of gender equality. Additionally, women with high attachment anxiety tend to prefer men who support BS attitudes, as BS weakens the recognition of sexism. Social factors also influence BS, as women are more inclined to form relationships with men who hold BS attitudes due to ignorance of the harmful consequences and the influence of evolution and social culture. BS also leads to gender segregation and differences, impeding women's achievements in male-dominated positions. However, the methods used in the aforementioned studies primarily involve questionnaires or scenario simulations, and it would be beneficial to incorporate behavioral experiments and other assessment methods to mitigate inevitable dishonesty. Furthermore, research on BS can be expanded to other fields such as political science, economics, and media studies to gain a more comprehensive understanding of its role and impact, and to develop effective countermeasures. Additionally, interdisciplinary and comparative studies can further enhance people’s understanding of BS, including its acceptance and impact in different cultural contexts, as well as the dissemination methods and influencing factors within social groups.

Pseudorelatives, relatives, and L1 attrition: Resilience and vulnerability in parser biases

Aims: While research on syntactic L1 attrition has largely focused on interface phenomena (e.g., overt pronouns in null-subject languages), attrition has also been reported to affect syntactic parsing. This paper extends previous work by looking at the attrition of (pseudo)relative clause parser biases in L1-Italian L2-English speakers. This was done to investigate whether previous findings of attrition in the interpretation of ambiguous relative clauses can be accounted for by changes to the parsing of pseudorelatives. Method: To tap parser biases, we conducted a sentence interpretation task in Italian with ambiguous items. Within these items, pseudorelative availability was manipulated. Participants consisted of two groups of adult native Italian speakers: one living in Italy and one living in an English-speaking country. Data analysis: Responses from the sentence interpretation task were subjected to a mixed-effects logistic regression. Findings: Results indicated a global effect of attrition resulting in more low attachment interpretations. This did not interact with pseudorelative availability. Originality: We take this to be a novel contribution to the literature for two reasons. First, our results extend previous results from Spanish–English bilinguals to a new language pair. Second, we believe that this is the first study to investigate attrition of relative clause attachment biases in light of Grillo and Costa’s, Pseudorelative-First Hypothesis. Once this is taken into consideration, we argue that attrition of parser biases is not due to a loss of a global high attachment bias under pressure from the L2, but a strengthening of a low attachment bias already present in the L1. Implications: Results suggest that future work on attrition should look beyond conflicts in parser biases between a bilingual’s languages and raise the possibility that attrition affects attachment biases in other contexts.

Case report: A-short period management of female adolescent with Papilary Penetrating (PP) frenulum attachment

Background: A space between the anterior teeth and midline diastema is really important for aesthetic concerns in adolescents. Midline diastema may be related to high frenal attachment. Frenectomy is a treatment option for high frenal attachment. The entire removal of the frenum may be followed by orthodontic treatment. Case Presentation: A female 16-year-old patient complained of feeling embarrassed because of a gap in her front teeth. A frenectomy with orthodontic treatment is used to correct midline diastema. A frenectomy procedure uses conventional technique. The Straight Wire Technique (SWT) technique for orthodontic treatment. Midline diastema is complete correction at the 3rd control. Conclusion: Frenectomy before orthodontic treatment, followed by a medium-anchored Straight Wire Technique (SWT) with an elastromic chain or power chain, can be an alternative technique with a short duration.

THE ORIGINS OF THE EARLY CLOSURE BAN IN THE RUSSIAN LITERARY STANDARD

: The Early and Late Closure phenomenon has been present in the psycholinguistic spotlight since the 1970s. Decades of research on the topic have shown not only that resolving attachment ambiguity is influenced by such factors as the length of the relative clause and speaker’s working-memory capacity, but that speakers of different languages tend to prefer either Early or Late Closure. Investigations of attachment ambiguity in Russian have come to the conclusion that Russian is a language with a preference towards Early Closure. However, during the trials some speakers of Russian claim that high attachment is ungrammatical and justify their view by some kind of grammatical rule they have been taught in school. The origins of this supposed rule have so far been unknown. The article at hand shows that the Early Closure Ban in literary Russian has its roots in works on Russian grammar that date back to the early 19th century. This rule evolved from a simple generalization of the linear position of relative clauses to an outright ban which came to life with the advent of Soviet mass media. Such stylistic guidelines in other literary standards are theorized to be factors which need to be accounted for when conducting research on attachment ambiguity in languages of the world.

Prevalence and Variations of Maxillary Labial Frenal Attachment among the Patients in a Tertiary Health Care Center: An Analytical Cross-sectional Study

IntroductionA high frenal attachment can cause diastema, distend the gingival sulcus, increasing plaque accumulation, gingival recession, bone loss, poor lip mobility while smiling and speaking, along with speech and esthetic issues. The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of maxillary labial frenum and its’ variations among patients visiting a tertiary care hospital.MethodsThis analytical cross-sectional study was conducted from July 2022 to March 2023 among 385 patients. The demographic details of the participants were recorded and the types of frenal attachment and its’ morphological variations were assessed using the classification by Mirko et al. and Sewerin. Pearson Chi-square test was used to determine the association between categorical variables where p-value ≤0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsThe most prevalent frenum was found to be gingival 237(61.56%) while the least common was papillary penetrating type 29(7.53%). Only 85(22.08%) frenum showed morphological variations where, commonest variation was frenum with nodule 51(13.25%) followed by frenum with appendix 27(7.01%). The gingival frenal attachment was found to be more among younger patients while papillary and papillary frenal attachment were seen lesser among older individuals.ConclusionsGingival type was the commonest frenal attachment followed by mucosal, papillary and then papillary penetrating frenum in all the age groups and both sexes. Around three-fourth of the participants showed no variations in frenal morphologies.

Evaluation of the Effectiveness of the Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Laser in Minor Oral Surgery: A Systematic Review.

Introduction: Lasers in oral surgery have been extensively studied in recent years. Laser treatment is now a well-known technology that is frequently employed on oral soft tissues. The carbon dioxide (CO2) laser was one of the first soft tissue removal lasers. Because of the strong affinity of the CO2 laser to water, it is best used for removing, vaporizing, and coagulating these tissues. In minor oral surgery, CO2 laser therapy has shown advantages. Therefore, this study examined the CO2 laser use in minor oral soft tissue surgery. Methods: The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) standards were followed in this study. A question for research encompassing the inclusion criteria for the participants, intervention, comparison, outcome, and study design (PICOS) was formulated. The search queries were entered into the PubMed/Medline, Scopus, and Embase databases. Consideration was given to publications published between January 1, 2018 and March 15, 2023. Results: The research included 37 studies after narrowing search results, eliminating duplicate titles, and conducting an eligibility review (three animal studies, seven case reports, three case series, and twenty-four clinical studies). CO2 lasers alone or in combination with other therapies successfully treated oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs), oral tumors, oral fibrous-epithelial lesions, gingival melanin hyperpigmentation, pyogenic granuloma, socket preservation, mucocele, high labial frenulum attachment, and so on. CO2 lasers reduced intra- and postoperative complications and adverse effects, improved postoperative functional results, ablated tissues with precision, and minimized disease recurrence and malignant transformation. Conclusion: Our study found that the CO2 laser in oral minor surgeries is successful, but further randomized clinical trials and multicenter studies are recommended to compare CO2 laser surgery to other treatments.

A Spatially Selective Electroactive‐Actuating Adhesive Electronics for Multi‐Object Manipulation and Adaptive Haptic Interaction

AbstractSome organisms often use adhesive setae to manipulate objects or communicate critical signals for survival through subtle surface‐transmitted vibrations, along with locomotion and long‐term adherence. Inspired by this phenomenon, the spatially selective vibration‐transmitting electronics of a multi‐pixelated electroactive‐actuating adhesive patch coupled with small adhesive architectures are presented. Here, diving beetle‐like small dense hairs possessing concave cavities are introduced to obtain high adaptability on various non‐flat surfaces in dry or wet conditions. Based on the versatile vibration‐transmitting platform, the ensuing lightweight, spatially‐selective, switchable‐adhesive device is demonstrated to effectively manipulate multiple objects simultaneously, thus overcoming the limitations of existing monotonous transportation devices. In addition, the electronics can be applied to the stretchable skin‐conforming haptic interface with high breathability and repeatable attachment capability, capable of recognizing complex outward textures of virtual objects. This skin‐adaptive haptic electronics can amplify the tiny vibrotactile feedback from the diverse surface textures of virtual creatures due to its possession of bioinspired architectures at the human–machine interface. Here, the stably encapsulated device is integrated with machine learning‐based comprehension for reproducible expression. Therefore, this technology offers promise in virtual reality and augmented reality applications.

Adult Attachment Styles of Adults Who Were Raised in Children’s Homes in Kenya

The type of care given during childhood has an impact on beliefs, attitudes, and expectations of future relationships. Being raised in a children’s home or other institutionalised care has been seen to increase the risk for emotional, cognitive, developmental and attachment disorders. Attachment styles are ways in which individuals emotionally connect or relate to others. The attachment style can either be secure, which is considered healthy or insecure which is considered unhealthy. The objective of this study was to find out the adult attachment styles among adults who were raised in children’s homes in Kenya. The study adopted the descriptive survey design, and 294 respondents were sampled via census approach. The questionnaire was used for data collection. The standardised revised Adult Attachment Scale was used to measure adult attachment styles. The results of the study showed that the anxious attachment style was the highest adult attachment style among the care leavers (M = 16.09, SD = 6.24), the secure attachment style (M = 15.90, SD = 4.91) and lastly, avoidant attachment (M = 12.63, SD = 4.14). On each of the attachment style domains, 42.9% had moderate secure attachment 78. % low avoidant attachment and 15.6% had a high anxious attachment style. Based on the findings, it is recommended that organisations supporting care leavers should facilitate periodic workshops on the impact of adult attachment style on care leavers in order to create awareness and provide support

Retraction of Robinson et al. (2015).

Reports the retraction of "Crying as communication in psychotherapy: The influence of client and therapist attachment dimensions and client attachment to therapist on amount and type of crying" by Noah Robinson, Clara E. Hill and Dennis M. Kivlighan Jr. (Journal of Counseling Psychology, 2015[Jul], Vol 62[3], 379-392). The following article is being retracted (https://doi.org/10.1037/cou0000090). This retraction is at the request of coauthors Kivlighan and Hill after the results of an investigation by the University of Maryland Institutional Review Board (IRB). The IRB found that the study included data from between one and four therapy clients of the Maryland Psychotherapy Clinic and Research Laboratory (MPCRL) who either had not been asked to provide consent or had withdrawn consent for their data to be included in the research. Robinson was not responsible for obtaining and verifying participant consent but agreed to the retraction of this article. (The following abstract of the original article appeared in record 2015-23479-001.) Nelson (2005) associated 3 types of crying (inhibited, protest, despair) with 3 dimensions of attachment (avoidant, anxious, and secure). To test this theory, trained judges rated the intensity of inhibition, protest, and despair in 347 crying episodes for 40 clients and 14 therapists in 1,074 psychotherapy sessions. Crying occurred once out of every 7 sessions, and usually was characterized by protest or inhibition. Pre-therapy attachment dimensions of both therapist and client influenced crying. Therapists with high attachment avoidance had clients who cried frequently but less over time, whereas therapists with high attachment anxiety had clients who cried with more protest over time. Clients with high attachment anxiety initially cried with more protest and inhibition, but decreased over time, whereas clients with low attachment anxiety increased protest over time. Throughout the course of psychotherapy, therapists who were seen by their clients as establishing a secure attachment elicited more overall crying and a higher intensity of protest, whereas therapists who were seen by their clients as establishing insecure attachments had clients who cried less. Clients who established a secure or avoidant relationship with their therapists, relative to other clients of that therapist, cried infrequently and with inhibition, whereas clients who established a preoccupied relationship cried relatively often. Changes are suggested for Nelson's (2005) typology. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

The Role of Companion Dogs in the VA Maryland Health Care System Whole Health(y) GeroFit Program.

GeroFit is a gym-based exercise program that promotes health and wellness among older sedentary veterans. The aims of the current study were to determine whether providing a companion dog as an alternative to gym-based exercise would similarly affect whole health outcomes. A total of 15 (n = 15) veterans (62 ± 11 years of age; 13 of 15 >54 years of age) underwent physical function testing, completed global and whole health questionnaires, and wore an accelerometer for 7 days before (baseline) and 3 months after a dog came into their home. The participants completed the Pet Attachment Scale (PAS), Dog Owner-Specific Quality of Life (DOQOL), and Canine Behavioral Assessment and Research questionnaires at 3 months. Cardiorespiratory endurance, lower body strength, daily steps, and time spent engaging in moderate physical activity all increased compared to the baseline levels. Body weight decreased among veterans whose body mass index was ≥30 (n = 11). The PAS and DOQOL scores indicated high attachment and positive effects on quality of life after having a dog in the home, with all veterans agreeing that having a dog improved the number of social activities they performed. We conclude that providing a companion dog to veterans not inclined to participate in gym-based exercise is an effective alternative method of promoting health and wellness in this population.

Insect-inspired design strategy for flexible attachments with strong frictional force and weak pull-off force

The highly dynamic attachment and detachment of insects involve impressive frictional phenomena that manifest as strong friction with weak pull-off force during high-speed movements. Here, we design and fabricate biomimetic pad (BP) inspired by the external and internal cuticles of the euplantulae of insects. A mechanical analysis of the BP reveals that the contact surface consistently exhibits a hemispherical shape with an even curvature, and its internal structure consists of a uniform pillar array. Furthermore, a suitable structural ratio is identified by comparing the frictional performances of BPs with different structural parameters. The high frictional attachment of BP with optimized structure is a result of the combined effect of large actual contact area and high structural stiffness.