High Acid Research Articles

The use of mare's milk for yogurt ice cream and synbiotic ice cream production.

During the last years, growing interest in the use of mare's milk in food production is observed. The subject of the study was to evaluate the feasibility of mare's milk for the production of yogurt ice cream and synbiotic ice cream. Four variants of mare's milk ice cream were developed: ice cream with yogurt bacteria without inulin (YO) and with 2% of inulin (YO+I), synbiotic ice cream with 2% inulin and Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus (LCR+I) and with Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (LP+I). Ice creams were enriched with inulin in order to evaluate its influence on the viability of LAB and on the product quality. Physicochemical, textural and sensory analyses were performed. Count of viable bacteria cells was also evaluated. Obtained ice creams did not differ in terms of protein, fat and total solids content (1.85-1.91%, 7.33-7.58% and 24.66-26.96% respectively), but differed in acidity. Ice cream YO, the only one without inulin, had the highest acidity, what suggests that inulin decrease this parameter. Regardless the type of LAB starter culture and inulin addition, samples had the same range of overrun (35.20-44.03%) and melting rate (73.49-79.87%). However the variant of ice cream influenced textural properties and colour parameters. All obtained mare's milk ice creams had high overall sensory quality. It was noticed, that ice cream with inulin had higher count of LAB (>7logCFU/g), than sample without inulin (>6logCFU/g). In conclusion, mare's milk may be considered as feasible raw material for yogurt ice cream and synbiotic ice cream production.

Some parameters of hydroponic and soil Rhubarb cultivated in the Ararat Valley of Armenia

Background: Today, the rhubarb plant is selectively included in the diet. Rhubarb juice offers a unique flavor with a surprising range of potential health benefits. Rhubarb is rich in antioxidants, particularly anthocyanins, the pigments responsible for its red hue. These antioxidants are believed to possess anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial properties, potentially aiding in the fight against various health concerns. Rhubarb juice is an excellent source of vitamins C, and K, crucial for bone health and blood clotting, and also contains vitamin A, contributing to healthy skin and vision. Context and purpose of this study: to investigate for the first time the cultivation of rhubarb (Rheum rhabarbarum) in the Ararat Valley of Armenia in both hydroponic and soil conditions. The research focuses on identifying the optimal growth period to maximize key quality indicators of rhubarb stalks and juice for food and medicinal applications: Brix value, juice density, total titratable acidity, and vitamin C content. Results: Hydroponic cultivation significantly (by three folds) increased the fresh weight of rhubarb petioles (stalks) compared to soil plants. The maximum accumulation of vitamin C in hydroponic plants was observed at the beginning (June) and end (September) of the growing season (19.4 and 17.3 mg%) respectively. However, there was not a significant difference in vitamin C content during July and August (14.3 and 14.0 mg% respectively). Soil plants showed the highest accumulation of vitamin C in September (41.5 mg%), exceeding the values in June by 1.2 times and from July to August by 1.5 times. Total titratable acidity showed seasonal variations: the highest acidity (1.2 to 1.3-fold higher) of hydroponic rhubarb juice was observed in July compared to other months. Soil-grown rhubarb reached peak acidity at the beginning of the growing season (approximately 1.2 times higher than in other months). The Brixo value and juice density peaked in July for hydroponic rhubarb and in August for soil rhubarb. Conclusion: This study highlights the potential of hydroponics for maximizing rhubarb yield and potentially influencing the vitamin C content and acidity profile throughout the growing season in Armenia. The results of further research could be used to optimize nutrient composition and environmental parameters for even greater control over rhubarb quality for food and medicinal purposes. Keywords: Vitamin C, Total titratable acidity, Brixo, Juice density

Clinical rationale for dietary lutein supplementation in long COVID and mRNA vaccine injury syndromes

Lutein, a plant-derived xanthophyl-carotenoid, is an exceptional antioxidant and anti-inflammatory constituent found in food. High dietary intake of lutein is beneficial against eye disease, improves cardiometabolic health, protects from neurodegenerative diseases, and is beneficial for liver, kidney, and respiratory health. Lutein protects against oxidative and nitrosative stress, both of which play a major role in post-COVID and mRNA vaccination injury syndromes. Lutein is an important natural agent for therapeutic use against oxidative and nitrosative stress in chronic illnesses such as cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. It can also potentially inhibit spike protein-induced inflammation. Rich dietary supplementation of lutein, naturally derived in non-biodegradable Extra Virgin Olive Oil (EVOO), can most optimally be used against oxidative and nitrosative stress during post-COVID and mRNA vaccination injury syndromes. Due to its high oleic acid (OA) content, EVOO supports optimal absorption of dietary lutein. The main molecular pathways by which the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein induces pathology, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer activated B cells (NF-κB) and activated protein (AP)-1, can be suppressed by lutein. Synergy with other natural compounds for spike protein detoxification is likely.

Changes in biogenic amines during fermentation of Chinese rice wine (Huangjiu) and the underlying mechanisms

ABSTRACT Chinese rice wine (Huangjiu) is a traditional fermented wine in China. The biogenic amines are the important index during its fermentation. This study investigated the changes in biogenic amine content and its formation during fermentation of Chinese rice wine, and analyzed the correlation between the physicochemical and biological factors of Chinese rice wine and the production of biogenic amines. Results showed that, during the pre-fermentation stage (stage I), the content of biogenic amine was significantly negatively correlated with sugar level and acidity, and was significantly positively correlated with amino acid concentration. The maximum biogenic amine concentration in Chinese rice wine was 36.79 mg/L. During the post-fermentation stage (stage II), a significant increase in the content of lactic acid bacteria was positively correlated with biogenic amine content. The maximum biogenic amine concentration in Chinese rice wine was 22.50 mg/L. The high amino acid concentration and lactic acid bacteria concentration in the fermentation process enhance the biogenic amine formation. These results have provided a theoretical support for control of biogenic amine content in fermentation of Chinese rice wine.

Small-Molecule-Based Strategy for Mitigating Deactivation of Chiral Lewis Acid Catalysis.

Chiral Lewis acid catalysts are widely used in organic synthesis due to their diverse applications. However, their high Lewis acidity makes them susceptible to deactivation by basic Lewis reagents and water. Here, we present a novel strategy for mitigating this deactivation using small molecules. By incorporating weakly coordinating anions into the secondary coordination sphere of the metal center, we designed a highly reusable chiral Lewis acid complex. This complex exhibits excellent thermal stability and allows for the use of electron-poor nucleophiles in the reactions. Spectroscopic and titration studies confirmed the robustness of the optimized complex. This work provides valuable insights for overcoming the limitations of chiral Lewis acids in Lewis basic environments, expanding their potential for chemical synthesis.

Effectiveness of bioinsecticides for different applications against the main pests of radish

Goal. To determine the technical effectiveness of bioinsecticides against major insect pests of radish (Raphanus sativus (L.) convar. radicula (Pers) Sazon.) grown in open fields, and their impact on plants, yield, and root crop quality. Methods. The study was conducted in accordance with the methods generally accepted in entomology and vegetable growing. During 2020—2022 in open ground conditions on three radish hybrids of different ripeness groups (Adele, Eliza and Stellar) the effectiveness of bioinsecticides Bitoxibacillin-BTU, p. (cell bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis-endospores, titer 1.0 × 10⁹ CFU/ cm3, CS +), 2 l/ha, ACTOVERM FORMULA, CE (abamectin, 18 g/l), 5 l/ha, Lepidocide-BTU, p. (cells of the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis-var. Kurstaki 9708 L, endospores less than 1 × 109 CFU/cm3), 4 l/ ha, (control). The preparations were applied by spraying plants and fertigation (introduction of fertilizers or pesticides into the irrigation system). Results. On the 14th day after spraying radish plants with Bitoxybacillin-BTU, the population of crucifer flea beetles decreased by 3.9—5.2 times and by 2.8—3.9 times with fertigation. The population of cabbage aphids decreased by 3.9—4.8 and 3.0—3.5 times, and cabbage moth by 5.0—9.0 and 2.7—5.0 times, respectively. The technical effectiveness of Bitoxybacillin-BTU was 76% and 68% against crucifer flea beetles, 78% and 70% against cabbage aphids, and 83% and 73% against cabbage moth. The application of ACTOVERM FORMULA by spraying reduced the population of crucifer flea beetles by 2.6—3.3 times and by 2.5—2.7 times with fertigation. The population of cabbage aphids decreased by 2.9—3.6 and 2.5—2.8 times, and cabbage moth by 2.0—3.0 and 2.0—5.0 times, depending on the radish hybrid. The technical effectiveness of ACTOVERM FORMULA against these pests was 67%, 70%, and 77% with spraying, and 60%, 62%, and 73% with fertigation, respectively. No negative effects from spraying or fertigation with bioinsecticides on radish plants were detected. However, radish plants in the spray treatment had higher height (by 2—3 cm), more leaves per plant (by 1 leaf), and a larger leaf surface area (by 0.2—0.8 thousand m²/ha), depending on the hybrid and product. The root mass increased in treatments with double spraying of ACTOVERM FORMULA and Bitoxybacillin-BTU compared to control and fertigation. The use of bioinsecticides Bitoxybacillin- BTU and ACTOVERM FORMULA (2 treatments) during vegetation ensured yields of 25.6—25.8 t/ha for the Adele hybrid with 93—94% marketable root crops, 24.0—25.1 t/ha for the Eliza hybrid with 94—95% marketable root crops, and 23.2—23.7 t/ha for the Stellar hybrid with 95—96% marketable root crops. The root crops had high dry matter content (Adele: 7.9—8.2%, Eliza: 6.2—6.3%, Stellar: 6.5—6.7%), total sugars (Adele: 2.4—2.5%, Eliza: 2.1—2.2%, Stellar: 2.6%), and ascorbic acid content (Adele: 26.0—26.2 mg/100 g, Eliza: 23.9—24.0 mg/100 g, Stellar: 25.4—25.5 mg/100 g). Conclusions. The application of bioinsecticides Bitoxybacillin-BTU (2 l/ha) and ACTOVERM FORMULA (5 l/ ha) is an effective method for controlling sucking pests in radish crops. Double spraying of radish plants at BBCH 0—9 and BBCH 12—19 with Bitoxybacillin-BTU (2 l/ha) provided control of crucifer flea beetle (76%), cabbage aphid (78%), and cabbage moth (83%). Double spraying with ACTOVERM FORMULA (5 l/ha) at the same stages provided control of crucifer flea beetle (67%), cabbage aphid (70%), and cabbage moth (77%).

Oxygen Consumption During Moderate-Intensity Interval Exercise in Overweight Young Adults

Background: Overweight and obesity have become a problem for younger generations, so weight management must be introduced. Moderate-intensity interval training (MIIT) has been recommended for aging and obese populations because it is friendly and accessible. However, little information is known about the physiological response during moderate-interval intensity exercise, especially for overweight and obese persons. Objectives: To evaluate cardiorespiratory alteration upon a single bout of MIIT exercise among sedentary, overweight young Thai adults. Methods: Fifteen overweight young adults (8 males and 7 females, body mass index between 25.0 - 29.9 kg/m2, aged between 18 - 25 years) underwent cycling ergometry for 45 minutes (warm-up 5 minutes; 3 × 5 minutes at 20 - 40% of heart rate reserve and 5 minutes at 50 - 60%; cool down 10 minutes). A gas analyzer and limb lead electrocardiogram were used to record oxygen consumption (V̇O2), heart rate (HR), and dioxide production (V̇CO2) throughout the experiment. Results: During the 45-minute MIIT exercise protocol, the participants consumed 25.1 ± 8.1 L, equal to approximately 530 ± 171 kJ. As expected, heart rate, O2 uptake, and CO2 production increased during moderated-intensity exercise and declined during low-intensity exercise. A low to moderate duration ratio of 1: 1 was sufficient to return both O2 consumption and CO2 production to their stage level, but not for heart rate. Although there was a very linear relationship between V̇O2 and heart rate for the overall period (0.761 ± 0.090), the correlation was weaker when selectively computed during low (0.549 ± 0.161) or moderate exercises (0.658 ± 0.105). Interestingly, RER larger than one during moderate-intensity exercise indicated the possibility of high acid accumulation. Conclusions: The MIIT protocol in the present study provided a responsive effect on overweight persons toward anaerobic metabolism but was a little aggressive.

Enantiospecific cross-coupling of cyclic alkyl sulfones.

Methods to form carbon-carbon bonds efficiently and with control of stereochemistry are critical for the construction of complex molecules. Cross-coupling reactions are among the most efficient and widely used reactions to construct molecules, with reactions enabling the retention or installation of chirality as recent additions to this powerful toolbox. Sulfones are robust, accessible organic electrophiles that have many attractive features as cross-coupling partners; however, since the first example of their use in 1979, there have been no examples of their use in enantioselective, enantiospecific or entantioconvergent cross-couplings. The high acidity of sulfones makes it unclear whether this transformation is even possible outside tertiary systems. Here we report the enantiospecific cross-coupling of cyclic sulfones and Grignard reagents. Up to 99% chirality transfer is observed despite the strong basicity of the Grignard components. In situ monitoring reveals that the cross-coupling is kinetically competitive with competing deprotonation, resulting in a highly enantioselective transformation.

Role of Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd) and Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Ratio in Physicochemical Stability and Microbiological Quality of Fermented Plant-Based Beverages during Storage.

Three different fermented plant-based beverages were prepared and stored for a long period (50 days) to assess the effect of the quinoa-to-chickpea ratio on physicochemical stability and microbiological quality. Physicochemical stability was evaluated based on pH, acidity, Brix degrees, water-holding capacity (WHC), viscosity, and viscoelasticity. At the end of the long-term storage period, the pH, acidity, and WHC remained stable. During the entire storage period, the beverages maintained good bacterial, fungal, and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) counts. Quinoa and chickpea flour ratios of 50% showed a higher viscosity (18 Pa.s) and WHC (65%) during short-term storage (0-30 d), indicating that the presence of chickpea flour had a positive effect on these parameters, possibly because chickpea starch contains higher amounts of amylose and long-branch chain amylopectin, which impacts the retrogradation pattern under acidic and refrigerated conditions. However, at the end of storage (50 days), the same blend had a higher acidity, lower viscosity (0.78 Pa.s), and lower LAB counts (~1 × 108 CFU/mL), indicating that the increase in chickpea flour had an adverse long-term effect on these parameters. These results suggest that although different ratios of plant sources can improve the physical aspects, they need to be incorporated in a balanced manner to avoid negative effects on both short- and long-term storage, owing to the incorporation of different types of starches and proteins affecting the stability of the system.

Insights on tiger nut (Cyperus Esculentus L.) oil-loaded microcapsules: characterization and oxidation stability analysis

In this paper, tiger nut oil-loaded microcapsules (TNOMs) were prepared by complexation soybean protein isolate (SPI) and maltodextrin (MD) as wall materials using the spray drying method with tiger nut oil (TNO) as the core material, and its physicochemical properties and stabilities were characterized and analyzed. Under the optimum conditions, the encapsulation efficiency (EE) of TNOMs could reach up to 91.23%. Of note, after 60 days of storage at 60 °C, the peroxide value (PV) of TNO was almost 21.8 times as much as that of TNO encapsulated. Furthermore, TNOMs had good thermal stability below 200 °C and are sufficient for the general food processing needs. By fitting Arrhenius oxidation kinetics model, it was predicted that the shelf life of the product stored at 25 °C was 352.48 d. Therefore, it is promised to be applied to the development of high oleic acid food in the future. This study offered a theoretical framework for utilization and broadening the range of applications of TNO in the food industry.

Chemical characterization and angiotensin-I converting enzyme inhibitory activity of Indonesian stinky beans

The chemical composition of four Indonesian stinky beans has been explored. Those bean are Petai (Parkia speciosa), Lamtoro Gung (Leucaena leucochepala ssp. Glabrata (Rose) S. Zarate), Jengkol (Pithecellobium jiringa) and Kabau (Archidendron bubalinum). This exploration belongs to the local food utilization research theme of functional food sources. Those beans have a unique flavour and usually lead to foul stools, sweat, urine or mouth odour. Their intense flavour may be due to the content of amino acids. High hydrophobic and negative charge hydrophilic amino acids are crucial in preventing hypertension through inhibition of angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) activity. This study evaluated the chemical properties of beans and its angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitory (ACE-I) peptides. The amino acid profile was determined as preliminary data to ensure the content of hydrophobic and negative charge hydrophilic amino acids. Their ability to inhibit ACE was studied to represent an antihypertensive effect. In vitro gastrointestinal digestion was applied to obtain more small molecular peptides and evaluate their ACE-I activity after digestion. Petai has the highest glutamic acid (20.90 g/100 g protein d.b.), lysine (13.31 g/100 g protein d.b.), arginine (11.76 g/100 g protein d.b.), leucine (10.98 g/100 g protein d.b.), and aspartic acid (10.72 g/100 g protein d.b.). Fresh Jengkol has the highest ACE-I activity (67.59%). Subsequential digestion by pepsin and pancreatin improves the ACE-I activity, and Kabau had the highest (79.87%). Based on the results, Indonesian stinky beans can prevent hypertension by inhibiting ACE activity and being used as a protein source alternative

The influence of high oleic oils during intermittent frying on the formation of acrylamide in french fries

High oleic oils are often used for industrial frying considering a better nutritional value and stability to thermal oxidation than high polyunsaturated fatty acid oils. This research aimed to investigate the correlation between total polar compound (TPC) and acrylamide content during intermittent frying using high oleic oils such as super palm olein (SPO), high-oleic canola oil (HOCO) and high-oleic sunflower oil (HOSO). All oils were accessed in terms of fatty acid composition and tocopherol quantity prior to intermittent frying. The TPC of frying oil was recorded at every 8th interval of the frying cycle and french fries fried with respective oils were collected, and oil was extracted for acrylamide quantification using HPLC-MS. Pearson correlation showed a positive correlation between the total polar compound of frying oil and the acrylamide content of french fries (p<0.01). SPO contained the highest total tocopherol content, followed by HOCO and HOSO, accordingly. French fries fried with SPO had the lowest acrylamide content, followed by HOCO and HOSO, respectively. By contrast, SPO had the highest TPC content throughout the frying cycles, followed by HOCO and HOSO. The presence of oleic acids might not produce higher TPC, however, it produced higher acrylamide formation in the french fries. Overall, SPO is suitable for intermittent frying uses as it yielded the lowest concentration of acrylamide in french fries.

Physicochemical, structural and functional properties of pomelo peel pectin extracted by combination of pulsed electric field and cellulase hydrolysis

In this study, pectin extracted from pomelo peel was investigated using three different combination methods of pulsed electric field (PEF) and cellulase. Three action sequences were performed, including PEF treatment followed by enzymatic hydrolysis, enzymatic hydrolysis followed by PEF treatment, and enzymatic hydrolysis simultaneously treated by PEF. The three corresponding pectins were namely PEP, EPP and SP. The physiochemical, molecular structural and functional properties of the three pectins were determined. The results showed that PEP had excellent physiochemical properties, with the highest yield (12.08 %), total sugar (80.17 %) and total phenol content (38.20 %). The monosaccharide composition and FT-IR analysis indicated that the three pectins were similar. The molecular weights of PEP, EPP and SP were 51.13, 88.51 and 40.00 kDa, respectively. PEP showed the best gel properties, emulsification stability and antioxidant capacity among the three products, due to its high galacturonic acid and total phenol content, appropriate protein and low molecular weight. The mechanism of PEF-assisted cellulase hydrolysis of pomelo peel was also revealed by SEM analysis. These results suggested that PEF pretreatment was the best method, which not only improved the efficiency of enzymatic extraction, but also reduced resource waste and increased financial benefits.

Effects of higher dietary acid load: a narrative review with special emphasis in children.

Metabolic effects of high diet acid load (DAL) have been studied for years in adults, although only recently in children. Contemporary diets, especially those of Western societies, owe their acidogenic effect to high animal-origin protein content and low contribution of base-forming elements, such as fruits and vegetables. This imbalance, where dietary acid precursors exceed the body's buffering capacity, results in an acid-retaining state known by terms such as "eubicarbonatemic metabolic acidosis," "low-grade metabolic acidosis," "subclinical acidosis," or "acid stress". Its consequences have been linked to chronic systemic inflammation, contributing to various noncommunicable diseases traditionally considered more common in adulthood, but now have been recognized to originate at much earlier ages. In children, effects of high DAL are not limited to growth impairment caused by alterations of bone and muscle metabolism, but also represent a risk factor for conditions such as obesity, insulin resistance, diabetes, hypertension, urolithiasis, and chronic kidney disease (CKD). The possibility that high DAL may be a cause of chronic acid-retaining states in children with growth impairment should alert pediatricians and pediatric nephrologists, since its causes have been attributed traditionally to inborn errors of metabolism and renal pathologies such as CKD and renal tubular acidosis. The interplay between DAL, overall diet quality, and its cascading effects on children's health necessitates comprehensive nutritional assessments and interventions. This narrative review explores the clinical relevance of diet-induced acid retention in children and highlights the potential for prevention through dietary modifications, particularly by increasing fruit and vegetable intake alongside appropriate protein consumption.

Identification of High Linoleic Acid Varieties in Tetraploid perilla through Gamma-ray Irradiation and CRISPR/Cas9.

Perilla [Perilla frutescens (L.) var frutescens] is a traditional oil crop in Asia, recognized for its seeds abundant in α-linolenic acid (18:3), a key omega-3 fatty acid known for its health benefits. Despite the known nutritional value, the reason behind the higher 18:3 content in tetraploid perilla seeds remained unexplored. Gamma irradiation yielded mutants with altered seed fatty acid composition. Among the mutants, DY-46-5 showed a 27% increase in 18:2 due to the 4-bp deletion of PfrFAD3b, and NC-65-12 displayed a 16% increase in 18:2 due to the loss of function of PfrFAD3a through a large deletion. Knocking out both copies of FATTY ACID DESATURASE3 (PfrFAD3a and PfrFAD3b) simultaneously using CRISPR/Cas9 resulted in an increase in 18:2 by up to 75% and a decrease in 18:3 to as low as 0.3% in seeds, emphasizing the pivotal roles of both genes in 18:3 synthesis in tetraploid perilla. Furthermore, diploid Perilla citriodora, the progenitor of cultivated tetraploid perilla, harbors only PfrFAD3b, with a fatty acid analysis revealing lower 18:3 levels than tetraploid perilla. In conclusion, the enhanced 18:3 content in cultivated tetraploid perilla seeds can be attributed to the acquisition of two FAD3 copies through hybridization with wild-type diploid perilla.

Outcomes and prognosis of postpartum hemorrhage according to management protocol: an 11-year retrospective study from two referral centers

BackgroundNo standard treatment guidelines have been established for postpartum hemorrhage (PPH). We aimed to assess the differences in outcomes and prognoses between patients with PPH who underwent surgical and non-surgical treatment.MethodsThis retrospective study included 230 patients diagnosed with PPH at two referral hospitals between August 2013 and October 2023. The patients were divided into non-surgical (group 1, n = 159) and surgical intervention groups (group 2, n = 71). A subgroup analysis was performed by dividing the surgical intervention group into immediate (n = 45) and delayed surgical intervention groups (n = 26).ResultsInitial lactic acid levels and shock index were significantly higher in group 2 (2.85 ± 1.37 vs. 4.54 ± 3.63 mmol/L, p = 0.001, and 0.83 ± 0.26 vs. 1.10 ± 0.51, p < 0.001, respectively). Conversely, initial heart rate and body temperature were significantly lower in group 2 (92.5 ± 21.0 vs. 109.0 ± 28.1 beat/min, p < 0.001, and 37.3 ± 0.8 °C vs. 37.0 ± 0.9 °C, p = 0.011, respectively). Logistic regression analysis identified low initial body temperature, high lactic acid level, and shock index as independent predictors of surgical intervention (p = 0.029, p = 0.027, and p = 0.049, respectively). Regarding the causes of PPH, tone was significantly more prevalent in group 1 (57.2% vs. 35.2%, p = 0.002), whereas trauma was significantly more prevalent in group 2 (24.5% vs. 39.4%, p = 0.030). Group 2 had worse overall outcomes and prognoses than group 1. The subgroup analysis showed significantly higher rates of uterine atony combined with other causes, hysterectomy, and disseminated intravascular coagulopathy in the delayed surgical intervention group than the immediate surgical intervention group (42.2% vs. 69.2%, p = 0.027; 51.1% vs. 73.1%, p = 0.049; and 17.8% vs. 46.2%, p = 0.018, respectively).ConclusionsPatients with PPH presenting with increased lactic acid levels and shock index and decreased body temperature may be surgical candidates. Additionally, immediate surgical intervention in patients with uterine atony combined with other causes of PPH could improve prognosis and reduce postoperative complications.

Dynamic quantitative monitoring of cerebrospinal fluid monoamine neurotransmitter markers during the modeling process of chronic stress-induced depression in monkeys (Macaca mulatta).

Depression is known as the "mental cold" and is also considered a major cause of disability worldwide. It is estimated that over 300 million people worldwide suffer from severe depression, equivalent to 4.4% of the world's population. The monoamine hypothesis of depression predicts the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of depression, but in-depth research has failed to find convincing evidence. In this study, we will dynamically and strictly quantitatively monitor the concentration changes of monoamine transmitters in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of macaques, based on our previous work. In the experiment, timed and quantitative collection of CSF samples from macaques was performed and the concentration of monoamine transmitters was determined. The results showed that after 2 months of chronic stress, the concentrations of high vanillin acid (HVA) and 3,4-dihydroxy-phenylacetic acid were significantly higher in the maternal separation (MS) group, whereas there was no significant difference in dopamine and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid. This study is the first to observe the long-term dynamic relationship between early adversity, chronic stress, adolescent depression, and CSF monoamine concentrations. The research suggests that MS and chronic stress play an undeniable role in the pathogenesis of depression and that concentrations of HVA and dihydroxyphenylacetic acid are likely to serve as early markers of depressive-like symptoms in macaques.

Association of frequent intake of trans fatty acids and saturated fatty acids in diets with increased susceptibility of atopic dermatitis exacerbation in young Chinese adults: A cross-sectional study in Singapore/Malaysia.

Numerous evidence has attributed diets with a high fatty acids (FAs) intake to be associated with atopic dermatitis (AD) development. Therefore, this study investigated the association between intake frequencies of five dietary FAs and AD exacerbations among young Chinese adults from Singapore and Malaysia. A validated International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) questionnaire was investigator-administered to 13,561 subjects to collect information on socioeconomic, anthropometric, dietary and lifestyles habits, and personal/family medical histories. Six novel dietary indices were derived to analyse the associations between total FAs, trans fatty acids (TFAs), saturated fatty acids (SFAs), monounsaturated fatty acids, linoleic acids, and alpha-linolenic acids in diets and AD exacerbation. Synergy factor (SF) analysis was used to identify interactions between the dietary FAs to influence disease susceptibility. In our multivariable model adjusted for age, gender, BMI, parental eczema, and lifestyle factors, a diet high in total estimated FAs was strongly associated with AD (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR): 1.227; 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.054-1.429; adjusted p-value <0.01). Particularly, high estimated total TFAs and SFAs were significantly associated with AD exacerbations including chronic and current moderate-to-severe AD. The association between TFAs and AD remained strong even controlled for the total FAs in diets and false discovery rate corrected (AOR: 1.516; 95% CI: 1.094-2.097; adjusted p-value <0.05). Similarly, having a high SFAs in diets was associated with AD (AOR: 1.581; 95% CI: 1.106-2.256; adjusted p-value <0.05) independently on the total FAs in diets. FAs in diets do not interact to influence AD. Overall, these results highlighted an association between high dietary TFAs and SFAs and AD exacerbations in an Asian population.

USP19 Stabilizes TAK1 to Regulate High Glucose/Free Fatty Acid-induced Dysfunction in HK-2 Cells.

Obesity-induced kidney injury contributes to the development of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Here, we identified the functions of ubiquitin-specific peptidase 19 (USP19) in HK-2 cells exposed to a combination of high glucose (HG) and free fatty acid (FFA) and determined its association with TGF-beta-activated kinase 1 (TAK1). HK-2 cells were exposed to a combination of HG and FFA. USP19 mRNA expression was detected by quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR), and protein analysis was performed by immunoblotting (IB). Cell growth was assessed by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) viability and 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) proliferation assays. Cell cycle distribution and apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry. The USP19/TAK1 interaction and ubiquitinated TAK1 levels were assayed by coimmunoprecipitation (Co-IP) assays and IB. In HG+FFA-challenged HK-2 cells, USP19 was highly expressed. USP19 knockdown attenuated HG+FFA-triggered growth inhibition and apoptosis promotion in HK-2 cells. Moreover, USP19 knockdown alleviated HG+FFA-mediated PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1)/Parkin pathway inactivation and increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in HK-2 cells. Mechanistically, USP19 stabilized the TAK1 protein through deubiquitination. Importantly, increased TAK1 expression reversed the USP19 knockdown-mediated phenotypic changes and PINK1/Parkin pathway activation in HG+FFA-challenged HK-2 cells. The findings revealed that USP19 plays a crucial role in promoting HK-2 cell dysfunction induced by combined stimulation with HG and FFAs by stabilizing TAK1, providing a potential therapeutic strategy for combating DN.

Bicarbonate concentration influences carbon utilization rates and biochemical profiles of freshwater and marine microalgae.

Selecting the optimal microalgal strain for carbon capture and biomass production is crucial for ensuring the commercial viability of microalgae-based biorefinery processes. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of varying bicarbonate concentrations on the growth rates, inorganic carbon (IC) utilization, and biochemical composition of three freshwater and two marine microalgal species. Parachlorella kessleri, Vischeria cf. stellata, and Porphyridium purpureum achieved the highest carbon removal efficiency (>85%) and biomass production at 6gL-1 sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3), while Phaeodactylum tricornutum showed optimal performance at 1gL-1 NaHCO3. The growth and carbon removal rate of Scenedesmus quadricauda increased with increasing NaHCO3 concentrations, although its highest carbon removal efficiency (∼70%) was lower than the other species. Varying NaHCO3 levels significantly impacted the biochemical composition of P. kessleri, S. quadricauda, and P. purpureum but did not affect the composition of the remaining species. The fatty acid profiles of the microalgae were dominated by C16 and C18 fatty acids, with P. purpureum and P. tricornutum yielding relatively high polyunsaturated fatty acid content ranging between 14% and 30%. Furthermore, bicarbonate concentration had a species-specific effect on the fatty acid and chlorophyll-a content. This study demonstrates the potential of bicarbonate as an effective IC source for microalgal cultivation, highlighting its ability to select microalgal species for various applications based on their carbon capture efficiency and biochemical composition.