High Gain Values Research Articles

Comparison of test results from two separate video head impulse test systems in a cohort of patients diagnosed with a unilateral vestibular schwannoma.

Video head impulse testing (vHIT) is a relatively new technology enabling evaluation of vestibular function. The aim of this study was to compare the test results from two separate vHIT systems in a group of patients diagnosed with a unilateral vestibular schwannoma (VS) with regards to sensitivity, specificity and inter-examiner differences. Forty-two patients were examined with two separate vHIT systems: EyeSeeCam® (system A) and ICS Impulse® (system B), by one of two examiners. All six semicircular canals (SCCs) were tested under standardized conditions, and strict criteria were set up for post-test interpretation. With the majority of test parameters, the two test systems were in agreement. Vestibular deficits were found in 40.5% (system A) to 45% (system B) of patients with a VS on the tested side; corresponding to a positive predictive value (PPV) of 86.4% (system B) to 94.4% (system A). The specificity was 97.6% for system A and 92.9% for system B. An overall agreement between the two vHIT systems measured as kappa was computed to be 0.61. There were no significant inter-examiner differences. When testing the vertical SCCs, a tendency of too high mean gain values was seen with system A but not with system B. In patients with unilateral VS, vHIT is a test with moderate sensitivity and high specificity in regard to identification of a vestibular deficit. There were no significant differences in test results between the two vHIT systems.

The Utilization of Naive Bayes and C.45 in Predicting The Timeliness of Students’ Graduation

An assessment of the success of a college is if the student's graduation rate is on time and high every year. The timeliness of students' graduation can be influenced by several factors. This study aims to determine the profile of the students who graduated both on time and not on time given a certain graduation predicate set by the institution and to know the factors influencing students’ gradution. The model used in this study using the NBC to determine the graduation pattern and the Decision tree to determine the influencing factors. In calculating the NBC algorithm using rapidminer, it was found that the profiles of students who graduated on time and late with the predicate of less satisfactory, satisfactory, very satisfactory and cumlaude. In the Desicion Tree calculation, the highest gain values are obtained in the IPK3, IPS1 and IPK2 attributes. This research needs to be developed further by increasing the number of attributes and data, and it is necessary to make a system to determine the accuracy of students’ graduation from the patterns that have been produced so that it can help universities to increase the level of students’ graduation every year.

Layered, 2D MnPS3: UV Photodetectors and Humidity Sensors

Two dimensional, layered metal thiophosphates with general formula, MPX3 (M is metal and X is a chalcogen atom) have been emerging as a new class of tunable band gap semiconductors. In this family, manganese phosphosulphide (MnPS3) is a p-type semiconductor with a large band gap of 3.0 eV and hence is a good candidate for UV light detection. In the present study, highly oriented, large-sized crystals have been grown by chemical vapour transport technique with iodine as the transport agent. Field effect transistors based on bulk and few-layer MnPS3 have been fabricated by exfoliating the crystals on Si/SiO2 substrates. Electrical characteristics reveal p-type behaviour with current on-off ratio of ~103 under ambient conditions. The transistor devices are responsive to ultraviolet light with photoresponstivity of 288AW-1 at a wavelength of 365 nm. Fairly high photo gain value of 860 is achieved. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal various parameters that are responsible for the observed p-type conduction observed in electrical transport studies. The MnPS3 semiconductors show very good humidity sensing behaviour. Liquid exfoliation technique has been used to exfoliate the bulk crystals into few-layer 2D MnPS3. Very stable, few layer colloids of MnPS3 is vacuum filtered and the membrane is transferred on to interdigitated electrodes to form the sensing device. The results revealed that the conductivity of the films increases five to six orders of magnitude with a change in relative humidity (RH) from 0% to 98%. A fast response and recovery time of ~1-2 s and ~ 4 s are observed respectively. AC impedance spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy techniques are utilized to understand the sensing mechanism. Further, the sensor has been shown to monitor human breath and water evaporation from skin without any physical contact.

Robust Simultaneous Stabilization Using Derivative State Feedback

Abstract In simultaneous stabilization of continuous time switched linear system models of inertially coupled dynamic systems with bounded persistent external disturbance and internal parameter variations, the generalized proportional integral derivative (PID) controller suffers from a serious drawback. It loses the ability to guarantee exponential stability of the closed-loop error response, which is the difference between the actual and the desired closed-loop responses. The high value of the hardware gain has no control over the situation. On the contrary, the derivative state feedback (DSF) controller effectively employs the hardware gain in diminishing the effects of external and internal disturbances. These facts are proved and illustrated by suitable examples. The proposed method of simultaneous stabilization is shown to be an easier alternative to solve Diophantine equations encountered. The method for single input single output (SISO) systems is also shown to extend seamlessly to the control of multiple input multiple output (MIMO) square models with equal number of inputs and outputs. The shortcoming of the method is pointed out when the models are not square. The advantages of the proposed methodology over the existing methods are outlined. Finally, an efficient time domain simulation scheme is presented for the numerical study of such models in time and transfer function domain with nonzero initial conditions.

Analyzing Student Performance in Programming Education Using Classification Techniques

In this research, we aggregated students log data such as Class Test Score (CTS), Assignment Completed (ASC), Class Lab Work (CLW) and Class Attendance (CATT) from the Department of Mathematics, Computer Science Unit, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria. Similarly, we employed data mining techniques such as ID3 & J48 Decision Tree Algorithms to analyze these data. We compared these algorithms on 239 classification instances. The experimental results show that the J48 algorithm has higher accuracy in the classification task compared to the ID3 algorithm. The important feature attributes such as Information Gain and Gain Ratio feature evaluators were also compared. Both the methods applied were able to rank search method and the experimental results confirmed that the two methods derived the same set of attributes with a slight deviation in the ranking. From the results analyzed, we discovered that 67.36 percent failed the course titled Introduction to Computer Programming, while 32.64 percent passed the course. Since the CATT has the highest gain value from our analysis; we concluded that it is largely responsible for the success or failure of the students.

Invasion risk of the South American tomato pinworm Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) in India: predictions based on MaxEnt ecological niche modelling

The South American tomato pinworm Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) is a recent invasion in India, causing widespread infestations in tomato crop in the States of central peninsula, especially Maharashtra and Karnataka. Hitherto, this pest was not reported to occur in India and thus presumed to be of exotic origin. The present study attempted to delineate the potential habitat suitability of geographical areas for spread and distribution of T. Absoluta in India. We have modelled the potential habitat distribution of T. absoluta using algorithm in Maxent, a maximum entropy modelling program. The climate niche for T. absoluta was developed based on the relationship between presence only data for 64 places and a reference climate data for the year 2000. This established relationship was then used to predict the changes in potential distribution under future climatic conditions of 2050. The future climate data from SRES A1b emission scenario at a resolution of 10 arc minutes were used for analysing climate change impacts. The predictions from Maxent were mapped in DIVA GIS, an open source computer aided tool for mapping and analysing spatial data. The established model in Maxent gave a reasonable estimate of T. absoluta range with better discrimination of suitable and unsuitable areas for its occurrence under current and future climatic conditions. This was evident from the highest value of AUC i.e. 0.968 and 0.874 for training and test data, respectively. A Jacknife test for variable importance indicated that Bio3 (isothermality) with highest gain value was the most important abiotic factor influencing the potential habitat distribution of T. absoluta. Temperatures >30 °C and precipitation >500 mm were found to have detrimental effects on distribution of T. absoluta. The modelled habitat distribution of T. absoluta will be a useful guide for researchers and plant protection workers to frame appropriate management strategies against this invading pest insect to cope with the future climate change conditions.

Design and Optimization of Genetic Algorithm (GA) based High Gain and Directive CPW-Fed Slot Dipole Antenna for Wideband Applications

Genetic Algorithm (GA) is proposed in this paper for the design of a wide bandwidth, high gain and directive CPW-fed slot-dipole antenna. The proposed antenna is built on a FR4 substrate that is cheap and easy to produce. Genetic Algorithm is used to select parameters that reflect antenna geometry to achieve wider bandwidth and reduced return loss (parameter S11) and high gain values at resonant frequency. The antenna design shows a wide operating bandwidth of 1.4 GHz (simulated) and 1.3 GHz (measured) over the X-band, a return loss (S11) of -25.83 dB (simulated) and -23.08 (measured) and a gain and directivity of 5.61 dB (simulated) and 11.87 dB (simulated) at 10.5 GHz resonating frequencies. In this work, all simulations were performed using the ANSYS HFSS v14.0 software. A prototype antenna was produced and then characterized using VNA to validate the design. Measurement results were in good agreement with the results simulated using ANSYS HFSS.

Metamaterial-Loaded Compact High-Gain Dual-Band Circularly Polarized Implantable Antenna System for Multiple Biomedical Applications

This communication presents a metamaterial (MTM)-loaded compact dual-band circularly polarized antenna system suitable for multiple bio-telemetric applications. The proposed antenna system operates in the industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) bands with center frequencies: 915 MHz (902–928 MHz) and 2450 MHz (2400–2480 MHz). The integration of an MTM structure with epsilon-very-large property on the superstrate layer of the antenna produces significant gain enhancement and strong circular polarization (CP) behavior at both the operating frequencies. The key features of the proposed antenna system are its compact size (7 mm $\times 6$ mm $\times $ 0.254 mm), dual-band CP characteristics, significantly high gain values (−17.1 and −9.81 dBi in the lower and upper bands, respectively), and slot-less ground plane that reduces the complexity and backscatter radiation. The performance of the MTM-loaded antenna system is validated experimentally. The antenna is fabricated and integrated with dummy electronics and batteries and is enclosed in a 3-D printed device. The hermetically sealed device is tested in minced pork muscle to validate the simulation results. The measured impedance bandwidths of 35.8% and 17.8% are obtained in the lower and upper ISM bands, respectively. The specific absorption rate of the antenna system is evaluated at both frequencies in different tissues. Additionally, to determine the wireless communication range, the link margin is estimated at data rates of 100 kbps and 1 Mbps.

Effectiveness of use of online games kahoot! chemical to improve student learning motivation

Qualitative descriptive study quasi-experimental method is intended to determine the effectiveness of using online games Kahoot! to increase student motivation to learn chemistry. The population in this study were all students of class X private secondary schools (SMAs) Pusaka 1 Jakarta. The sample was selected by random sampling technique, the entire class X MIA 1 with the number of 40 students. The results showed the use of online games Kahoot! effective to increase student motivation to learn chemistry. Increased motivation to learn by using the test gain with the gain of 0.73 with the interpretation of the increase motivation to learn the high category. All the indicators of motivation to learn, which has the intention to succeed in learning, to feel the need to be learned, have ideals, appreciate the lessons and study give a percentage increase motivation to learn different. The most significant increase occurred in the indicator have a desire to succeed in learning, with high gain values, namely 0.82. The lowest increase occurred in the indicator value learning, the value of the gain medium, which is 0.70. Thus, the use of online games Kahoot! help improve students' motivation to learn chemistry when applied to learning. Kahoot ! use of online games! help improve students' motivation to learn chemistry when applied to learning. Kahoot ! use of online games! help improve students' motivation to learn chemistry when applied to learning. Keywords: Chemical; industry 4.0; kahoot!; learning; media; motivation

Investigation of geometrical and doping parameter variations on GaSb/Si‐based double gate tunnel FETs: A qualitative and quantitative approach for RF performance enhancement

AbstractThis paper compares the radio frequency (RF) performance enhancement of GaSb/Si‐based double gate (DG) tunnel field‐effect transistors (TFETs) and DG TFETs with gate‐drain overlap devices using technology computer‐aided design (TCAD) simulations. The geometrical parameters taken under consideration are gate length (Lg), gate oxide thickness (tox), channel thickness (tch), and doping parameters are channel doping (Nch), drain doping (Nd), and source doping (Ns). These parameters are varied to extract the RF parameters, cut‐off frequency (ft), maximum oscillation frequency (fmax), intrinsic gain, and admittance (Y) parameters. DG TFET with gate‐drain overlap offers highest fmax values of 977 GHz for drain doping of 1e20 cm−3. Higher values of output resistance (Ro) results in high intrinsic gain values for DG TFET with gate‐drain overlap. In terms of Y parameters, DG TFET with gate‐drain overlap shows better Y11 and Y22 values compared with DG TFET. A quantitative model as a function of geometrical and doping parameters is modelled for all the RF parameters that validate the simulated values and predicted values.

Sistem Pendukung Keputusan Pemilihan Laptop Menggunakan Metode Topsis

Competition in the banking sector requires every bank to compete to make types of credit products that are able to attract customers to want to transact with banks. Marketing with a product centric strategy needs to be combined with a customer centric to keep Customer Relationship Management in good order with customers. Customer identity can be used to realize the concept of a customer centric marketing strategy. This study describes the role of Data Mining on customer data accompanied by the application of Decision Tree techniques with the C4.5 algorithm to identify the most influential fields in predicting loan products.
 The customer data fields used in this study include total balance, date of birth, occupation, and status. Selection of fields based on the terms and conditions that apply to each type of loan. The results of applying the C4.5 algorithm to customer data in the formation of loan product prediction decision trees show that the work attribute is the dominant attribute (highest Gain value) among the other attributes. Prediction results are validated with Confusion Matrix with an accuracy value for loan product prediction of 82%.
 The results of this study concluded that the customer database is a source of data in the prediction process of loan products to be offered to customers, which can be used to support the marketing of bank loan products with a customer centric orientation.

Penerapan Data Mining untuk Mendukung Pemasaran Produk Pinjaman Bank

Competition in the banking sector requires every bank to compete to make types of credit products that are able to attract customers to want to transact with banks. Marketing with a product centric strategy needs to be combined with a customer centric to keep Customer Relationship Management in good order with customers. Customer identity can be used to realize the concept of a customer centric marketing strategy. This study describes the role of Data Mining on customer data accompanied by the application of Decision Tree techniques with the C4.5 algorithm to identify the most influential fields in predicting loan products.
 The customer data fields used in this study include total balance, date of birth, occupation, and status. Selection of fields based on the terms and conditions that apply to each type of loan. The results of applying the C4.5 algorithm to customer data in the formation of loan product prediction decision trees show that the work attribute is the dominant attribute (highest Gain value) among the other attributes. Prediction results are validated with Confusion Matrix with an accuracy value for loan product prediction of 82%.
 The results of this study concluded that the customer database is a source of data in the prediction process of loan products to be offered to customers, which can be used to support the marketing of bank loan products with a customer centric orientation.

Design of Current Differencing Transconductance Amplifier using a Novel Approach of Transconductance Boosting for High Frequency Applications

This paper introduces a novel approach of transconductance boosting for current differencing transconductance amplifier (CDTA). Generally, the variation in the transconductance is achieved by changing the bias current and/or by increasing the aspect ratios of differential pair MOSFETs. These techniques of transconductance variations suffer from several serious drawbacks which include higher power dissipation, limited range of transconductance gain and lower input/output swing. The proposed approach of transconductance boosting overcomes these drawbacks at certain extent and also provides a high value of transconductance gain with acceptable range of bandwidth and power dissipation. It includes two different techniques to make it more effective for transconductance boosting. In the first technique, common source amplifiers have been used between gate and source terminals of the differential pair MOSFETs whereas in the second technique the concept of partial positive feedback is utilized. Using this approach, a new structure of CDTA namely cross-coupled common source current differencing transconductance amplifier I (CCCS-CDTA I) is proposed. To further improve the transconductance gain of CCCS-CDTA I, another structure CCCS-CDTA II is also proposed, in which the differential pair MOSFETs are replaced by two networks of “n” parallel MOSFETs having same aspect ratios. The proposed CCCS-CDTAs are simulated in Mentor Graphics Eldo simulator using TSMC 0.18[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m process parameters. To confirm the performance of CCCS-CDTA II, physical layout and post-layout simulation results have been presented using Mentor Graphics Calibre tool. The advantages of proposed CCCS-CDTAs have also been discussed by realizing KHN filters and oscillators.

Research, Design and Fabrication Microwave Modules of Receiver for NanoDragon satellite at S band

Abstract: In the paper, the new microwave modules of NanoDragon satellite’s receiver were designed and fabricated. Purpose of this design is not only reduce budget but also respond to frequency requirement, bandwidth and transmission rate. The microwave modules consist of low noise amplifier (LNA), mixer and local oscillator (LO). These modules operate at S band according to requirement of satellite. Firstly, each module was designed, simulated, fabricated and measured. Then they were integrated together. Output of integrated microwave modules is IF signal with bandwidth is suitable for demodulation PCM – PM (BPSK). And have high gain value conform to receiver’s requirement. Simulation result of low noise amplifier is 19.108 dB at 2.9 GHZ. Simulation result of integrating two stage LNA become 2-stage LNA have gain value over 38 dB. Gain value obtained is 11.5 dB when measurement. Integrating microwave modules result is 10.5 dB with gain value. That mean this microwave modules of receiver operated very well. LNA was very good. This subsystem can apply for NanoDragon satellite’s receiver and receiver of ground station.
 Keywords: Receiver, Microwave Modules of Receiver, Satellite, NanoDragon satellite, LNA, Mixer, LO, IF.

A methodology correlating code optimizations with data memory accesses, execution time and energy consumption

The advent of data proliferation and electronic devices gets low execution time and energy consumption software in the spotlight. The key to optimizing software is the correct choice, order as well as parameters of optimization transformations that has remained an open problem in compilation research for decades for various reasons. First, most of the transformations are interdependent and thus addressing them separately is not effective. Second, it is very hard to couple the transformation parameters to the processor architecture (e.g., cache size) and algorithm characteristics (e.g., data reuse); therefore, compiler designers and researchers either do not take them into account at all or do it partly. Third, the exploration space, i.e., the set of all optimization configurations that have to be explored, is huge and thus searching is impractical. In this paper, the above problems are addressed for data-dominant affine loop kernels, delivering significant contributions. A novel methodology is presented reducing the exploration space of six code optimizations by many orders of magnitude. The objective can be execution time (ET), energy consumption (E) or the number of L1, L2 and main memory accesses. The exploration space is reduced in two phases: firstly, by applying a novel register blocking algorithm and a novel loop tiling algorithm and secondly, by computing the maximum and minimum ET/E values for each optimization set. The proposed methodology has been evaluated for both embedded and general-purpose CPUs and for seven well-known algorithms, achieving high memory access, speedup and energy consumption gain values (from 1.17 up to 40) over gcc compiler, hand-written optimized code and Polly. The exploration space from which the near-optimum parameters are selected is reduced from 17 up to 30 orders of magnitude.

PERANCANGAN ANTENA MIKROSTRIP ULTRA WIDE BAND DENGAN MATERIAL TEKSTIL UNTUK APLIKASI WIRELESS BODY AREA NETWORKS

Ultra Wide Band (UWB) microstrip antenna designed using textile materials for Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) applications is presented. The antenna consists of stairs patches and a ground plane with a dimension of 30 mm x 30 mm. Simulation is done by compared antenna performance using cotton, denim, felt and fleece materials. In this study, the parameters considered in the analysis process are the characteristics of S 11 and gain value. Numerical evaluation based on simulation shows that the antenna performance well operated in the UWB frequency standard by FCC (3.1 - 10.6 GHz) with the bandwidth of ≥ 500 MHz. The use of felt material produces a wider bandwidth (3900 MHz). The fleece material provided a higher gain value on 6.51 dBi at the resonant frequency of 8.5 GHz.

Circular polarization realization in array antennas by a modified sequential phase feeding mechanism of linearly polarized elements

AbstractNovel designs of a circularly polarized 2 × 2 and 4 × 4 slot array antennas (CPSAAs) are proposed. Sequential phase feed network composed of a section of 270° and four strips is utilized to feed the array structures. Array elements are simple linearly polarized wide slot antennas (WSAs) composed of simple radiating patches with truncation on four corners and slotted ground plane on substrate backside. Each WSA operates over the UWB frequency band of 3.1–10.6 GHz. When the WSAs are arranged in the form of 2 × 2 and 4 × 4 CPSAAs, frequency bands of 3–13.1 and 1.4–12.3 GHz are covered, respectively. More importantly, CP is generated at 4.5–8 and 4.6–8.8 GHz for 2 × 2 and 4 × 4 CPSAAs, respectively. This is while; the WSAs are linearly polarized elements. Higher gain values and wider bandwidths are obtained with respect to single WSA. Design process and performance analysis of the single and array antennas are discussed through the paper.

Planar Array Topologies for 5G Communications in Ku Band [Wireless Corner

Several low-cost feeding network configurations have been tested for an antenna array eligible for a 5G communication environment. Microstrip and substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) technologies have been evaluated in the feeding network and compared in terms of dielectric loss and directivity performance. Although microstrip dielectric loss is lower, a higher gain value is obtained with an SIW feeding network due to the directivity maximization. Three gain values have been implemented with different array sizes of 4 × 4, 8 × 8, and 16 × 16 radiating elements with a two-level corporate feeding network (CFN) in SIW and microstrip technologies. Measured matching bandwidth under -10 dB more than 20%, whereas the -1-dB gain bandwidth is 6%.

A Novel Communication-Based Average Voltage Regulation Scheme for a Droop Controlled DC Microgrid

In a dc microgrid, enhanced voltage regulation (VR) and load sharing (LS) are necessary for the economic and reliable operation of the system. Traditionally, droop control is used for LS in microgrids. However, because of the nature of the droop control, good VR and accurate LS cannot be achieved simultaneously. To overcome this drawback, a low-bandwidth, communication-based average VR technique along with an algorithm for equal voltage correction factor is proposed in this paper. Here, precise LS is achieved via droop control using a high value of droop gain, while good VR is obtained through low-speed control area network (CAN) communication, which provides fault tolerance and expandability feature to the system. Only the local dc bus voltage information is exchanged over CAN by the grid connected converters, which ensure low communication traffic. Thus, sufficient bandwidth is available on the CAN bus that can be used for control and monitoring purpose—a highly desirable proposition for a smart grid application. Effect of communication delays on system stability has been modeled and analyzed. Simulation and experimental results are presented to validate the feasibility of the proposed scheme. Plug-n-play and fail-safe features of the proposed technique are highlighted.

A study on the effect of dispersion flattened characteristics of highly nonlinear fiber in fiber optic parametric amplification

Fiber-optical parametric amplifier has currently drawn interest of research for evolving efficient broadband amplification in optical communication network. This paper presents dispersion flattened highly nonlinear fiber’s role as a fiber optic parametric amplifier. This study has been carried out with single pump in the novel highly nonlinear ultra-flattened dispersion shifted fiber (HN-UFF) that was designed by us earlier. This paper also discusses the impact of length of such HN-UFF, pump signal power, input signal power and pump signal wavelength on fiber optic parametric gain. Simulation results reveal that a high value of fiber optic parametric gain of about 15 dB and respective bandwidth of over 600 nm can be achieved by properly utilizing the high nonlinearity and ultra-flattened dispersion of the HN-UFF. Since parametric amplification follows the Four wave mixing technique, in addition to good amplification, an effective wavelength conversion can also be carried out over a wide range of 600 nm in future.