Highest Total Phenol Research Articles

Long-Term Feeding of Dairy Goats with 40% Artichoke by-Product Silage Preserves Milk Yield, Nutritional Composition and Animal Health Status.

The aim of this work is to study the effect of 40% inclusion of artichoke by-product silage (AB) in dairy goat diets on milk yield, composition and animal health status during a full lactation period compared to an isoenergetic and isoproteic mixed ration based on alfalfa hay and a cereal and legume mixture. Milk yield was not affected by the dietary treatments, and neither was body weight. AB treatment reduced whey protein (0.38 vs. 0.42%, p < 0.05) and milk urea concentrations (687 vs. 773 mg/L, respectively, p < 0.001), and did not affect total true protein (3.22 vs. 3.24% p > 0.05) or other macro-composition variables. AB treatment showed higher milk concentrations of Ca (p < 0.05), Mn (p < 0.01), Cu (p < 0.01) and Zn (p < 0.001) compared to the control group (C). Slight differences were observed in milk fatty acid profile without any negative effects (p > 0.05) on the blood cholesterol and glucose of goats. The AB group reduced blood urea due to its high dietary total phenol content. However, it had a positive effect on β-hydroxybutyrate (p < 0.05) and nonesterified fatty acids (p > 0.05). It was concluded that 40% artichoke by-product inclusion in dairy goat feed for the whole lactation period (23 weeks) is a sustainable solution, reducing feeding cost by 12.5% per kg of dry matter, contributing to a better circular economy without any negative repercussions on the productivity and health of Murciano-Granadina dairy goats.

Comparative Assessment of Nutritional Composition, Polyphenol Content and Antioxidative Properties of Edible and Medicinal Mushroom: Coriolus versicolor

In recent years, edible and medicinal mushrooms have a very important position in functional food and bioactive components. Mushrooms attract the attention of the medical industry with their nutritional properties as well as their benefits for consumer health. The objectives of this research was to to reveal the nutritional composition, antioxidant potential, phenolic and flavonoid content of the commercially edible and medicinal mushroom Coriolus versicolor and to evaluate its anti-cancer effect against HT-29 cells. In this context, the nutrient composition was analyzed in accordance with the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) procedure. C. versicolor showed a high nutritional value with protein, carbohydrate, dietary fiber and glucan content. The total phenolic (TPC) and total flavonoid contents (TFC) of the water, ethanol and methanol extracts of the specified mushroom were determined, and it was found that the ethanol extract had the highest TPC (172.80±2.35 mg GAE/g dw) and TFC (48.72±2.89 mg QE/g dw) values among the three extract types. In addition, the antioxidant capacity of extracts was compared with different methods (DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, and CUPRAC). The ethanol extract showed the highest DPPH (39.16±0.82 µM TE/g dw), ABTS (29.19±1.30 µM TE/g dw) and CUPRAC (37.17±0.79 µM TE/g dw) activities among the other extracts, while FRAP (21.01±1.62 µM TE/g dw) activity for water extract was determined to be the highest. Finally, when the anti-cancer effects of these extracts were evaluated against HT-29 cells, it was observed that ethanol, methanol and water extract inhibited 82.43%, 79.15% and 65.56%, respectively, at the end of 48 hours.

Antioxidant, Anticancer, and Neuroprotective Activities and Phytochemical Analysis of Germinated Shoots

This study evaluated the antioxidant, anticancer, and neuroprotective activities of germinated shoots (cotyledon and true leaves) of wild plants and measured their total phenol, flavonoid, quercetin, and vitamin C contents. The ethanol extract of Geum aleppicum (GA) showed high DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities. GA treatment also significantly increased cell viability against hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress in SH-SY5Y neuronal cells, indicating that GA had antioxidant and neuroprotective properties. In AGS gastric cancer cells, the cotyledon of Pinus densiflora (PD1) and the true leaves of Chamaecyparis obtusa (CHA2) significantly inhibited cell proliferation, showing that PD1 and CHA2 elicited anticancer effect. The total phenol content was the highest in the shoots of GA, and the total flavonoid content was the highest in the shoots of true leaves of P. densiflora. The quercetin and vitamin C contents were the highest in the CHA2 and the cotyledon of GA, respectively. In conclusion, this study suggested the antioxidant, anticancer, and neuroprotective activities of the germinated shoots of wild plants and their high total phenol, flavonoid, quercetin, and vitamin C contents. These findings were noteworthy in the case of the germinated shoot of GA and provided a basis for studying functional forestry income resources. Practical Applications. Our results demonstrated that GA exerts strong DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities. It also plays a neuroprotective role in oxidative stress-induced cell damage. These effects can be linked to their polyphenol and flavonoid contents in the extract. Moreover, PD1 treatment has inhibitory effect on gastric tumor cells growth and exhibited an effective ∙OH radical scavenging property. These findings indicated that germinated shoot extracts have potential for development of functional food with therapeutic applications.

How Does the Agro-Ecological Conditions Grown Kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa) Affect the Fruit Quality Traits and Bioactive Compounds during Shelf Life?

The kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa cv. ‘Hayward’), which shows climacteric characteristics, continues to ripen after harvest. In this process, quality losses occur in fruits, and this causes economic losses. The post-harvest storage conditions are essential in preventing these losses. The main purpose of this study was to assess the effect of agro-ecological conditions on quality traits and bioactive compounds of the kiwifruit throughout the shelf life. In this study, kiwifruit grown in 5 different locations (Ordu, Giresun, Rize, Samsun, and Yalova) constituted the plant material of the study. The fruits treated with modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) were stored at 0 ± 0.5 °C and 90 ± 5% relative humidity (RH) for 150 days in cold storage. For shelf life measurements, fruits were kept at 20 ± 1 °C and 65 ± 5% RH for 5 d. Quality analysis was performed at monthly intervals (at harvest, 30th, 60th, 90th, 120th, and 150th d). In this study, the lowest respiration rate at the end of the shelf life was measured in kiwifruit grown in Yalova. Flesh firmness was higher in kiwifruit grown in Rize, Ordu, and Giresun than Samsun. In all periods, Yalova’s L* value in flesh was higher than that of Ordu. The opposite situation was observed for the hue angle. The soluble solids content (SSC) values measured in Samsun and Yalova were higher than in Ordu and Rize. In the last four measurements, higher vitamin C was detected in Yalova than in Ordu, Rize and Giresun. In all periods, the highest total phenolics and antioxidant activity (in DPPH assay) were obtained in kiwifruit grown in Yalova. On the contrary, the highest flavonoids were measured in kiwifruit grown in Ordu. As a result, it was revealed that agro-ecological conditions may affect the quality traits and bioactive compounds of kiwifruit.

Comparison of nutrient composition, phytochemicals and antioxidant activities of two large fruit cultivars of sea buckthorn in Xinjiang of China

Although the basic nutritional composition and in vitro antioxidant activity of different cultivars of sea buckthorn fruit have been reported, the contents of sugars, acids, antioxidant components and antioxidant activities of two large fruit cultivars, ZhuangYuanHuang (ZYH) and ShenQiuHong (SQH), sea buckthorn fruits from Xinjiang of China have not been studied. In this study, we found that the soluble sugars were mainly glucose and fructose, and no significant difference in soluble sugars content was found between the two cultivars. ZYH exhibited higher contents of total acids, malic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid and succinic acid, but lower quinic acid compared to that in SQH. ZYH owned higher total phenolics and total flavonoids contents than that in SQH. A total of 12 phenolics were found in the two cultivars, isorhamnetin and quercetin contents were considerably higher in ZYH than in SQH, while protocatechuic acid, catechin, ferulic acid and p-coumaric acid contents were lower than in SQH. VC and VE (γ-VE, α-VE, δ-VE) were much higher in ZYH than in SQH. The contents of total carotenoids, β-carotene and lycopene in ZYH were considerably higher than those of SQH. In addition, the DPPH and FRAP scavenging activity and cellular antioxidant activity of ZYH were significantly higher than those of SQH. Taken together, the higher antioxidant activities of ZYH may be due to its higher levels of phenolics, flavonoids, VC, VE and carotenoids.

The effects of LTP/CEO/SBA-15 potato starch film on the postharvest quality of Agaricus bisporus

A low-temperature plasma (LTP) modified film, loaded with cinnamon essential oil (CEO) in mesoporous silica nanoparticles (Santa Barbara Amorphous-15) (SBA-15), was prepared. This LTP/CEO/SBA-15 potato starch film's effect on the phenylpropane metabolic pathway of postharvest Agaricus bisporus was evaluated at 4 ± ± 1 °C. Results showed that the film maintained mushrooms' whiteness, water content, and hardness while reducing its relative conductivity, respiration rate, and malondialdehyde content. Film-packed mushrooms retained higher key enzyme activity of the phenylpropane metabolic pathway, especially LTP/CEO/SBA-15 potato starch film-packaged mushrooms with the highest enzyme activities during storage. Metabolites followed a similar trend, with the LTP/CEO/SBA-15 potato starch film-packaged mushrooms consistently having the highest total phenols, flavonoids, and lignin contents among treatment groups during storage. Additionally, gallic acid, p-coumaric acid, caffeic acid, protocatechuic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, and cinnamic acid contents were the highest in LTP/CEO/SBA-15 starch film-packaged mushrooms. Therefore, the results indicate that the LTP/CEO/SBA-15 active film shows promise in maintaining postharvest mushroom quality.

The Latest Research on 3 (Three) Types of Sea Cucumber Extract from Tegal Mas Island, Lampung

Sea cucumbers are deep-sea-dwelling invertebrate animals that are rich in nutrients and have been empirically used to prevent various degenerative diseases, especially due to their ability to dampen free radicals. The purpose of this study was to identify, and determine antioxidant activity, total phenolic content, and toxic properties in extracts of several sea cucumber species originating from Tegal Mas Island, Lampung. The identification results of the three sea cucumber species were Stichopus vastus Sluiter (SV), Stichopus monotuberculatus Quay &amp; Gaimard (SM), and Stichopus quadrifasciatus Massin. (SQ). The extraction was performed by kinetic maceration against all parts of the sea cucumber using a 70% ethanol solvent. Antioxidant activity test using the DPPH (2,2-diphenylpicrilhydrazyl) free radical suppression method and determination of the total phenolic content using the Folin-Ciocalteu method. The results showed that SV had the highest total phenolics and antioxidants with the lowest toxicity. However, optimisation of extraction between wet and dry sea cucumbers is still required. Extraction optimisation with various solvents can also be done to gain secondary metabolites more effectively.

Biological activities and polyphenolic profile of Stachys arvensis (L.) L.

The n-butanol extract of Stachys arvensis (L.) L. aerial parts (BESA) was analysed by LC-HRMS/MS. 43 Polyphenols, including flavonoids, cinnamic acid derivatives, phenylethaoids, chromones, gallotannins, coumarins and chalcones with hyperoside (13.85%), panasenoside (10.31%), myricitrin (7.89%) and sayaendoside (7.16%), as the major compounds, were identified. High total phenolics (470.21 ± 1.22 mg GAE/g extract) and total flavonoids (189.05 ± 0.72 mg QE/g extract) contents were measured. In addition, the BESA exhibited a higher antioxidant effect in CUPRAC (A0.5:0.45 ± 0.03 μg/mL), DPPH (IC50:4.51 ± 0.16 μg/mL) and ABTS (IC50:7.10 ± 0.18 μg/mL) assays than the standards BHA and α-Tocopherol. Moreover the extract showed a good inhibitory effect against BChE (IC50: 145.02 ± 0.03 μg/mL) and α-amylase (IC50:2.66 ± 0.0024 mg/mL). The BESA exhibited an excellent anti-inflammatory activity (IC50:416 ± 0,056 μg/mL) which was close to that of acetylsalicylic acid, used as a control. The BESA was toxic towards T. molitor larvae and it possessed a good antibacterial activity against gram (+) and gram (-) tested strains.

Reusing Coir-Based Substrates for Lettuce Growth: Nutrient Content and Phytonutrients Accumulation

This research aimed to assess the influence of reusing coir-based substrates on growth, nutrient content, and phytonutrients accumulation in lettuce. The experiment included a new coir pith and four coir-based mixes (1) coir, biochar, and perlite; (2) coir, compost, and perlite; (3) coir, biochar, and pine bark; and (4) coir, compost, and pine bark. All mixes had been previously utilized to grow transplanted spinach and possessed identical ratios of 78:12:10% (v/v) among their components. Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. cv. ‘Godzilla’) seedlings were transplanted into Styrofoam plant boxes. Each day, the planting boxes received a nutrient solution via drip irrigation. Plants grown in reused mixes had similar macronutrient concentrations as those grown in coir for the first time, except for N and K in the third mix. Plants grown in reused mixtures had similar yields as those in new coir. Lettuce heads yielded 4.6–4.9 kg/m2, while plants grown in reused mixtures had equal or higher total phenols than those in new coir. Ascorbic acid content was higher in plants cultivated in reused mixes. Coir-based growing media can be reused for another short-cycle crop, like lettuce, without yield loss or phytonutrients decrease.

Aktivitas Tabir Surya Pada Formulasi GEL Mengandung Ekstrak Etanol Daun Kersen (Muntingia Calabura Linn) Secara In Vitro

The prevalence of breast cancer in the city of Surakarta was the second highest cancer prevalence in the province of Central Java in 2013, namely 678 cases, while in the city of Semarang as the first place there were 832 cases and the city of Magelang as the third place there were 348 cases. Kersen leaves (Muntingia Calabura L) have a high total flavonoid and phenol content so they can be used as a basic ingredient for making sunscreen gel. The aim of this research was to determine the sunscreen activity of a gel formulation containing ethanol extract of cherry leaves (Muntingia calabura L), the effective dosage, and the good quality of the preparation. This type of research uses quantitative analytical experimental methods. Kersen leaf ethanol extract sunscreen gel was made using Carbopol 940 base. Three formulas were made with a Carbopol base concentration of 1% and varying doses of cherry leaf extract 4%, 6%, 9%. The total flavonoid content of cherry leaves was 21.55 mg QE/g. The result of physical characteristics of FI (pH 4,82 ; Viscosity 250 dpas ; Spreadability 6,05 cm ; Adhesion 3,57cm), FII (pH 5,41 Viscosity 330 dpas ; Spreadability 5,79 cm ; Adhesion 4,43 cm), FIII (pH 5,84 Viscosity 360 dpas ; Spreadability 5,21 cm ; Adhesion 4,64 cm) and FIV (pH 4,63 ; Viscosity 170 dpas ; Spreadability 6,14 cm ; Adhesion 4,88 cm). The SPF values ??produced at extract concentrations of 4% (FI), 6% (FII), 9% (FIII) were 17.02; 34.74, and 40.09. The highest SPF value is found in FIII, namely 40.09, which is included in the ultra protection category with a cherry leaf extract concentration of 9%.

Estimation of phytochemical constituents and analysis of antioxidant activity in different parts of plant

Oxidative stress is defined as a condition in which the balance between the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the antioxidant defense system gets disturbed and causes free radical induced diseases. The current research was aimed to carrying out quantification of phytochemicals in different parts of and explores the antioxidant activities of ethanolic extracts of leaf (CFL), seed (CFS), and bark (CFB) to show their therapeutic importance. The antioxidant potential of plant parts was assessed by free radical scavenging activity (FRSA), superoxide anion radical scavenging activity (SARSA), reducing power (RP), lipid peroxidation (LPO), hydroxyl radical scavenging activity (HRSA), and ferric thiocyanate activity (FTC). Quercetin was used as a standard to measure the antioxidant activity. Among the tested plant extracts, CFB had the highest total phenolics and protein content than those of CFS and CFL, whereas CFL had the highest ascorbic acid, carotenoids and carbohydrate content than CFB and CFS plant parts. Antioxidant assay showed CFB had the lowest ICvalue for FRSA (35.48 μg/ml), LPO (91.91 μg/ml), HRSA (106.87 μg/ml) and FTC (53.21 μg/ml). CFS showed the lowest IC for SARSA (24.54 μg/ml) and the highest RP (2.14 ASE/ml). Overall, the bark of could be a potential natural antioxidant source for food as well as pharmaceutical applications.

The effect of summer pruning time and severity on antioxidant capacity and storage quality of Hayward kiwifruit

BACKGROUND Summer pruning of kiwifruit has an important effect on fruit quality and storability. OBJECTIVE: The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of summer pruning time and severity on some quantitative and qualitative characteristics and storability of Hayward kiwifruit. METHODS: The present study was conducted to evaluate summer pruning time (one week after fruit set [1WAFS] and four weeks after fruit set [4WAFS]) and pruning severity (1 - no pruning [control], 2 - shoot pruning after the third or fourth leaf after the last fruit [common pruning], 3 - tip squeezing, and 4 - zero leaf pruning in 20% of fruit-bearing shoots with unlimited growth) on Hayward kiwifruit in 2020 and 2021. RESULTS: The results showed that, at harvest time, the highest average fruit weight and total acid were 124.00 g and 1.74% in the tip squeezing treatment observed in the 4WAFS pruning time in 2021. Zero leaf pruning produced fruits with the highest firmness and antioxidant capacity in 2020 and the highest vitamin C and total phenols in 2021. At the end of 90 days of cold storage, in the tip squeezing treatment, fruit firmness at 4WAFS pruning time was higher than in 1WAFS pruning time in the second year, and the highest antioxidant capacity was in 1WAFS pruning time in the first year. In the second year, the highest vitamin C, firmness, and dry matter were obtained in the zero leaf pruning treatment. In this treatment, the highest total phenols and antioxidant capacity were 133.96 mg GAE/100 g FW and 86.75%, respectively, observed in 4WAFS pruning time in the second year. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, tip squeezing and zero leaf pruning at the time of 4WAFS improved the quantitative and qualitative characteristics at the harvest and cold storage.

Assessment of Fatty Acid Composition, Bioactive Compounds, and Mineral Composition in Hazelnut Genetic Resources: Implications for Nutritional Value and Breeding Programs

This study was carried out to determine the fatty acid composition, bioactive compounds, and mineral element content of standard hazelnut cultivars and accessions from the Eastern Black Sea region. A wide variation was determined in terms of the traits examined between hazelnut accessions and cultivars. Most of the accessions investigated had higher values of bioactive compounds, oleic acid, stearic acid, Na, and Ca than the standard cultivars. Among accessions investigated, S-1 had the highest total phenolics and antioxidants (557.3 mg/100 g and 0.53 mmol/100 g) while P-4 had the lowest (307.3 mg/100 g and 0.22 mmol/100 g). The highest oleic acid content was determined in P-2 (87.16%); the lowest was in H-1 (71.24%). Linoleic acid ranged from 4.35% (P-1) to 18.06% (H-1). P-2 (3349 mg/kg and 2464 mg/kg, respectively) had the highest K and P contents. The highest Mg content was found in S-1 (1787 mg/kg). The highest value of Ca and Na was determined in P-1 (2701 mg/kg and 412 mg/kg, respectively). Principal component analysis revealed that the traits studied could effectively explain the variability among hazelnut genetic sources. First, three components explained about 60% of total variation. PC1 was related to arachidonic acid and most of the mineral elements (P, K, Mg, Ca, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, B, Cd, Ni, and S), and explained 27.6% of the total variation. PC2 explained 18.3% of the total variation, and was mainly related to oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acid, as well as Ca. PC3 was related to total phenolics, total flavonoids, antioxidant activity, and palmitic acid, and explained 14.5% of total variation. The oleic acid had a strong negative correlation with linoleic acid (−0.99 ***) and linolenic acid (−0.95 ***). A strong positive correlation was determined between antioxidant activity and total flavonoids (r = 0.95 ***). K content showed a strong positive correlation with P (r = 0.92 ***) and Mg (r = 0.82 ***) contents. A strong positive correlation was also determined between P and Mg (r = 0.91***). These findings revealed that many of the accessions investigated were a good source of fatty acids and bioactive compounds. As a conclusion, most accessions with superior nutritional content can be evaluated as genetic material for the development of new cultivars in hazelnut breeding programs.

Exploring the effects of vacuum and ultrasound treatments on calcium fortification in osmotically dehydrated apple slices

This study aimed to investigate the impact of vacuum (VC) and ultrasound (US) treatments during osmotic hydration (OD) at 25 °C on the impregnation of calcium into apple tissues. The VC and US treatments were applied in two modes: a) VC or US at the first 10 min of the OD process and b) treatment with 10-min intervals during OD. Under the experimental conditions used in this study, the results revealed that the interval ultrasound treatment was the most effective in enhancing mass transfer and calcium uptake among all the treatments. It exhibited the highest efficiency in moisture removal and calcium uptake, resulting in a calcium content of 3,644.19 μg/g dry basis, over 18 times higher than that found in fresh apples. The calcium content in OD-treated apple slices remained well-preserved after hot air finish drying. Additionally, the samples treated with VC and US exhibited high total phenol content and antioxidant capacity, suggesting their ability to retain bioactive compounds in the apple slices. Overall, this study highlights the efficacy of VC and US treatments during OD in promoting calcium impregnation into apple tissues, with the interval ultrasound treatment yielding the most favorable results in terms of calcium uptake, moisture removal, and nutrient preservation.

Efficient production of biomass and exopolysaccharide from P. ostreatus and physio-chemical characterization of biomass powder

Mycelium biomass and exopolysaccharides (EPS) from Pleurotus ostreatus origin have gained peculiar attention because of their myriad applications in the food and pharmaceutical industries. Mycelial growth is greatly dependent on fermentation media and physical conditions. This study aims to optimize mycelium biomass and EPS using one factor at a time (OFAT) approach. The current study investigates the effect of the concentration of various carbon, nitrogen sources, metal ions, and cell numbers in inoculum for biomass and EPS production. The results revealed that the 5% w/v malt extract and 2% w/v glucose combined with 0.05% w/v of Mg+ ions gave the maximum yield of biomass and EPS as 31.55 g/L and 6.65 g/L respectively. A high protein and total phenolics content have been obtained in the supernatant of media as 5.178 g/L and 104.18 mg GAE/g dry weight respectively. Furthermore, the obtained lyophilized biomass powder was investigated by FTIR which showed the presence of proteins and polysaccharides. The morphology and elemental composition were observed by SEM-EDS. XRD pattern showed the amorphous nature of biomass but the presence of chitin was also observed.

Assessing the potential of rosary pea (Abrus precatorius L.) derived aqueous seed extracts as anticancer agents and their phytoconstituents as COX-2 inhibitor: an in-vitro and in-silico approach

Abrus precatorius L. is a traditional remedy with a long history of use in medicine around the globe due to its diverse phytochemical composition and bioactivities which are of utmost significance to the scientific community. With the aim to provide new insights into the antioxidant, antiproliferative and antiangiogenic properties of A. precatorius aqueous seed extracts, different extraction methods were employed. Aqueous extract prepared by Soxhlet method APW (Sox) had higher total phenolics, flavonoids and tannin content. In DPPH assay, APW (Sox) had the maximum free radical scavenging activity. The maximum FRAP value was displayed by APW (Mac). The maximum inhibition was shown by APW (Sox) against HPV18 (Hep2C) cells and APW (Mac) against HPV18 (KB) cells. In cervical cancer (Hep2C) cells, catalase (CAT), glutathione-s-transferase (GST) activity, and glutathione (GSH) content were all highest in APW (Sox) extract, whereas APW (Mac) extract demonstrated the highest superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and the lowest malondialdehyde (MDA) content. Similarly, in oral cancer (KB) cells, APW (Mac) extract showed the highest SOD, CAT, GST activity and GSH content whereas APW (Sox) extract showed the least MDA content. Docking studies showed that tannic acid and rutin had the highest binding affinity, while MD simulations showed that they were stable in complex with COX-2 for at least 90 ns. Promising antiangiogenic activities were observed in both APW (Sox) and APW (Mac) in a dose dependent manner. Therefore, aqueous seed extracts of A. precatorius could be considered promising candidates for anticancer and antiangiogenic drugs. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma

Secondary Metabolomic Analysis and In Vitro Bioactivity Evaluation of Stems Provide a Comprehensive Comparison between Dendrobium chrysotoxum and Dendrobium thyrsiflorum.

The stems of Dendrobium chrysotoxum (DC) are commonly used as health-promoting foods due to their excellent biological activities. However, the stems of D. thyrsiflorum (DT) are often used to meet the scarcity of DC in production because of their highly similar morphology. However, the related metabolomic and bioactive information on the stems of DC and DT are largely deficient. Here, secondary metabolites of DC and DT stems were identified using an ultra-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry, and their health-promoting functions were evaluated using several in vitro arrays. A total of 490 metabolites were identified in two stems, and 274 were significantly different. We screened out 10 key metabolites to discriminate the two species, and 36 metabolites were determined as health-promoting constituents. In summary, DT stems with higher extract yield, higher total phenolics and flavonoids, and stronger in vitro antioxidant activities demonstrated considerable potential in food and health fields.

The nutritional composition of Australian native grains used by First Nations people and their re-emergence for human health and sustainable food systems

First Nations people of Australia sustained complex grassland grain production systems prior to colonisation. The revival of these foodways could aid in mitigating the interlinked issues of land degradation, reduced landscape resilience and declining food security. For the Gamilaraay people, original custodians of the grasslands of north-west New South Wales and south-west Queensland, efforts are underway to bring their ancient food system into a modern context with authenticity and integrity. The aim of this transdisciplinary study was to investigate the nutritional quality of Australian native grains to identify functional properties that may help promote this nascent industry; complimented by using autoethnography to understand how the original custodians, like the Gamilaraay people, might equitably benefit. Ethnographic findings highlight that Gamilaraay people aspire to improve their health and wellbeing through economic development and consumption of native grains, particularly Elders who disproportionately suffer from non-communicable disease. However, many First Nations people have lived experiences of being systemically exploited and excluded, particularly in the food and agriculture space. To prioritise the interests of the Traditional Custodians, the species used in the biochemical assays were de-identified. Wholegrains from seven culturally significant species, with domesticated brown rice as control, were threshed, milled, and analysed in triplicate for proximate, elemental, non-starch fatty acids, and total free phenolic content. Compared to brown rice, protein was significantly higher in all native species (9.4–32.6 g/100 g); whilst carbohydrates were significantly lower (36.5–53.7 g/100 g). One of the native species had exceptionally high total phenolics (569 mg GAE/100 g) compared to brown rice (60 mg GAE/100 g). All native species had generally higher elemental content, with significantly higher levels of Ca, Fe, Zn, Cu, Mg, P, and K in two native species. All samples were dominated by unsaturated fats with significantly higher polyunsaturated fats in two native species. The generally low carbohydrates, high protein, good fats, high mineral content and high phenolic content suggests that native grains may be beneficial to human health by improving nutrient intake and protecting against non-communicable disease, thus marketable as functional foods. To ensure a flourishing industry where all of Australia benefits from these healthful grains, future research and industry development must be First Nations led.

Evaluation of Turmeric Genotypes for Quality

Fifty four genotypes of turmeric were evaluated for quality characteristics. Highest leaf protein content was recorded in Duggirala Red (236.2 mg/g), highest total phenols in leaf recorded in IC-211641(29.66 mg GAE /g), highest protein content in rhizomes is observed in the genotype CL-5 (80.21 mg/g), maximum total phenol content recorded in rhizome NDH-96 (30.61 mg/g), highest Oleoresin content recorded in TP-161 (10%), highest curcumin content in leaves and rhizomes in Megha (38.67 mg/g and 48.1 mg/g).

ANTIOXIDANT, ENZYME INHIBITORY, AND CYTOTOXIC ACTIVITY SCREENING OF MYRTUS COMMUNIS L.

Objective: The present study aimed to evaluate the biological activities of Myrtus communis L., which has traditional medicinal use for different purposes, from a broad perspective. Material and Method: The antioxidant (DPPH, ABTS, total phenol, and flavonoid amounts) anti-inflammatory (LOX enzyme inhibition), antidiabetic (α-glucosidase enzyme inhibition), and cytotoxic properties (MTT assay) of a 70% methanol extract made from leaves and dichloromethane, butanol, ethyl acetate, and the residual water fractions were investigated. Result and Discussion: The DPPH radical scavenging effect of the ethyl acetate fraction, with the highest total phenol and flavonoid content, was found to be 1.4 µg/ml, and the ABTS radical scavenging effect was 2.58 mmol/Trolox. The most potent inhibitor of LOX (IC50: 31.17 µg/ml) and α-glucosidase (96% inhibition at 0.5 mg/ml) enzymes was determined as ethyl acetate extract. Dichloromethane fraction was shown to have the most cytotoxic activity in both Hela and Colo cell lines. This research has given us a better understanding of the traditional use of the M. communis plant, which stands out for its therapeutic properties.