High Temperature Difference Research Articles

Experimental and numerical investigation of the temperature and humidity distribution inside the channels for a regenerative indirect evaporative cooler

This paper presents a simulation study of a regenerative indirect evaporative cooler combined with a series of experimental tests. A research prototype was employed to collect the air state signals in the channels with built-in high-precision temperature and humidity sensors on a test platform which helped to maintain the required environment. A validated numerical model was developed to simulate the impacts of air velocity, working air ratio and testing environment parameter on the distribution of temperature and relative humidity inside the channels. Results show that the upstream of the secondary air approaches saturation rapidly, and the evaporation process reaches dynamic equilibrium when the relative humidity of the secondary air comes to 95%. Under most working conditions, a 400 mm wet pathway can meet the performance requirements for an evaporative cooler. The low velocity allows a shorter distance for the secondary air to approach saturation while the lower product air temperature can be obtained. The working air ratio has little impact on the temperature and humid parameters. When the temperature difference between the primary air and the secondary air is higher than 5 °C, the potential for sensible heat exchange becomes more significant. In the dry environment, the regenerative indirect evaporative cooler should reserve a longer wet surface length, and high temperature difference exist between primary air and secondary air. The sensible heat transfer needs to be strengthened to fully utilize the potential of evaporative cooler.

The wellbore instability mechanism in hot dry rock drilling

Wellbore instability is one of the key factors limiting safe and efficient drilling in hot dry rock. A detailed understanding of the instability mechanism of hot dry rock wellbore is essential to achieve high efficiency in geothermal exploitation. Therefore, in this study, we established a numerical simulation model of wellbore stability that considers the heterogeneous properties of granite rock, and the coefficient of stability index for the wellbore of hot dry rock is proposed. The influence of heterogeneous characteristics of granite, in-situ stress, mud pressure, and temperature on the wellbore instability are analyzed. The results show that the granite heterogeneity leads to a significant disturbance of the near-wellbore stress. The degree of wellbore instability is more severe than that of the homogeneous rock formations. Radial tensile damage tends to occur at low mud pressures. High mud pressure and temperature difference between drilling mud and formation easily lead to tangential tensile failure. Shear damage occurs on the radial/tangential stress horizontal plane without temperature differences. However, a temperature difference dramatically increases the axial stress (the first principal stress), changing the direction of shear damage, which occurs mostly in the vertical plane or the wellbore's curved surface. Deeper wellbores are more severely unstable than shallow wellbores, and mud pressure can inhibit wellbore instability to a certain extent. However, increasing excess mud pressure can lead to tangential tensile failure. The temperature difference exacerbates the wellbore instability; especially after exceeding 260 °C, the wellbore shear thermal rupture is drastic. The study results are of great significance for the in-depth understanding of the mechanism of wellbore instability in deep hot dry rocks and for guiding the safe and efficient drilling of hot dry rocks.

The diffusion characteristics of POSS under electric field and non-uniform temperature field in natural ester insulating oil

The natural ester insulating oil is a green and environmentally friendly liquid dielectric, and nano additives can effectively improve its dielectric and heat transfer performance. However, nano additives are prone to agglomeration, especially under the influence of electric and temperature fields, which can impact the prolonged stable operation of power transformers. In this paper, the diffusion properties of caged Polysilsesquioxane (POSS) molecules in natural ester insulating oil under external electric field and non-uniform temperature field were investigated via simulation, and the effects of temperature and electric field on POSS molecules were expounded from the perspective of interaction. The results show that the high temperature difference and strong electric field can effectively improve the mobility of POSS molecules, and the temperature difference has a greater impact on the diffusion. The decrease of interaction energy is mainly due to the negative positive interaction between Si-O molecules in POSS molecules and insulating oil at high temperature, which counteracts the attraction of branch chains. At the same time, POSS molecules in the electric field will also show obvious polarization due to temperature changes, which further reduces the interaction between POSS molecules and insulating oil molecules. In addition, the electrostatic interaction energy decreases most obviously, which is the main reason that affects the migration characteristics of POSS molecules in natural ester insulating oil. This study provides a theoretical explanation for the migration mechanism of insulating oil in the microenvironment.

An efficient optimization strategy for vapor compression–absorption-based cascaded refrigeration system using various evolutionary techniques

ABSTRACT A novel optimization strategy for a compression-absorption cascaded refrigeration system (CACRS) consisting of a single effect vapor absorption system (VARS) and vapor compression system (VCRS), which employs several absorbent solution-refrigerant-refrigerant pairs to consider the combination of absorbent solution-refrigerant in VARS and refrigerants in VCRS as an optimization variable, is successfully implemented using various evolutionary optimization techniques. This article analyzes three different absorbent solution-refrigerant in the VARS with eleven different refrigerants in the VCRS. A nonlinear objective function is formulated based on exergy and environmental analysis, which is minimized using 10 different evolutionary optimization techniques. The proposed novel strategy reduces the complexity of using optimization techniques to select the best optimum absorbent-refrigerant-refrigerant pair. Differential evolution with multi-population-based ensemble of mutation strategies determined the minimum total annual cost as 13,137.78 US$/year for (CaCl2-LiBr-LiNO3-)-H2O-R152a. Lower condenser temperature and higher temperature difference in the cascade-condenser resulted in a minimum value for the total annual cost.

Post-frac evaluation of deep shale gas wells based on a new geology-engineering integrated workflow

The development of shale gas reservoir is now shifting focus from mid-shallow reservoirs to deep reservoirs in the southern Sichuan Basin. For such reservoirs with high temperature, pressure, and stress difference, along with multiple folds, faults, and complex fracture networks, improving the stimulation performance of shale gas wells is the ultimate challenge. This study presents a new geology-engineering integrated workflow coupling hydraulic fracture simulation and reservoir simulation together with artificial intelligence to perform post-frac evaluations. A two-step calibration workflow of fracturing and reservoir simulations generated an ensemble of representative models, and a confidence interval of estimated ultimate recovery forecast were obtained. Four deep shale gas wells with two different completion versions (version 1.0 and version 2.0) in Y101 study area were evaluated. Some of the key learnings include: (1) the ratio of stimulated rock volume and drained rock volume is quantified to 8%–25% for the four characterized deep shale gas wells; (2) the version 2.0 completion design is able to stimulate the near-well region more effectively than version 1.0; (3) this novel geology-engineering integrated workflow performed the first reliable, robust and quantifiable post-frac evaluation in the southern Sichuan Basin deep shale reservoir.

Information Monitoring of Transmission Lines Based on Internet of Things Technology

To solve the problem of difficult real-time monitoring of current transmission lines, this article proposes an information-based monitoring system for transmission lines based on Internet of Things technology. The system utilizes the characteristics of strong scalability, good fault tolerance, low power consumption, and low cost of the Internet of Things. Taking the ultra-low power consumption MSP430 microcontroller and CC2430 radio frequency module as the core, a line monitoring system based on the Internet of Things is designed. The proposed design uses ZigBee wireless sensor network technology which is powered by solar energy. The collection, transmission, processing and judgment of various environmental parameters of the line are realized. The data information is transferred to the monitoring center of the upper computer through GPRS. When there is an abnormality, it can send a mobile phone short message to the person in charge to feedback the abnormal content in time. The distribution network's load symmetry allowed for the development of several locating procedures. For the three-phase symmetric scheme, the fault location approach based on line supply characteristics was employed, and for the three-phase asymmetric scheme, the fault location technique based on line impedance is proposed. One of the most vital uses for the Internet of Things is in the mitigation of power transmission line failures and disasters. Improved power transmission dependability, less financial loss, and fewer power outages are all possible thanks to the Internet of Things' cutting-edge sensing and communication technology. This research introduced the use of IoT in online monitoring system of electricity transmission line with a focus on the characteristics of the construction and development of smart grid. The results indicated that the system's highest temperature difference is 0.31 C, while the maximum humidity difference is 1.38%. The system increases the safety and manageability of electricity transmission while also fostering the widespread adoption and technical integration of the smart grid and the Internet of Things.

Analysis of urban heat islands with landsat satellite images and GIS in Kuala Lumpur Metropolitan City

Cities are growing geographically in response to the enormous increase in urban population; consequently, comprehending growth and environmental changes is critical for long-term planning. Urbanization transforms naturally permeable surfaces into impermeable surfaces, causing an increase in urban land surface temperature, leading to the phenomenon known as urban heat islands. The urban heat islands are noticeable across Malaysia's rural communities and villages, particularly in Kuala Lumpur. These effects must be addressed to slow, if not halt, climate change and meet the Paris Agreement's 2030 goal. The study posits an application of thermal remote sensing utilizing a space-borne satellite-based technique to demonstrate urban evolution for urban heat island analysis and its relationship to land surface temperature. The urban heat island (UHI) was analyzed by converting infrared radiation into visible thermal images utilizing thermal imaging from remote sensing techniques. The heat island is validated by reference to the characteristics of the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), which define the land surface temperature (LST) of distinct locations. Based on the digital information from the satellite, the highest temperature difference between urban and rural regions for a few chosen cities in 2013 varied from 10.8 to 25.5 °C, while in 2021, it ranged from 16.1 to 26.73 °C, highlighting crucial temperature changes. The results from ANOVA test has substantially strengthened the credibility of the significant temperature changes. Some notable reveals are as follows: The Sungai Batu area, due to its rapid development and industry growth, was more vulnerable to elevated urban heat due to reduced vegetation cover; therefore, higher relative vulnerability. Contrary, the Bukit Ketumbar area, which region lies in the woodland region, experienced the lowest, with urban heat islands reading from 2013 at −0.3044 and 0.0154 in 2021. It shows that despite having urban heat islands increase two-fold from 2013 to 2021, increasing the amount of vegetation coverage is a simple and effective way of reducing the urban heat island effect, as evidenced by the low urban heat islands in the Bukit Ketumbar woodland region. The study findings are critical for advising municipal officials and urban planners to decrease urban heat islands by investing in open green spaces.

Reference-free infrared thermography detection with subsurface heating for deep cavity in adhesive of hidden frame glass curtain wall

Since the current infrared thermography (IRT) is not effective in detecting deep and invisible cavities in the silicone structural adhesive of hidden frame glass curtain walls (HFGCW), a reference-free IRT with subsurface heating for the deep cavity is proposed. A near-infrared linear laser with high energy density and high transmission is chosen as the subsurface heating source to directly heat the silicone structural adhesive through the glass. Temporal sequence reconstruction and image enhancement based on reference-free calibration are proposed to reduce thermal inhomogenety and thermal noise and ensure comparable results for damage detection under different environments. The effects of traditional surface heating and subsurface heating are compared and analyzed through numerical simulations. And an evaluated feature, which is the maximal temperature difference feature, derived from temperature difference is used to quantitatively analyze the thermal effect caused by different cavities. The subsurface heating simulation results showed that the highest temperature difference between the region with cavity and defect-free region is up to 88% higher than that of traditional surface heating. The experiments revealed that the deep cavities of different lengths, located at 7 mm, 9 mm, and 11 mm below the glass surface, can be successfully detected using subsurface heating and reference-free calibration. A quadratic linear model is proposed to reflect the relationship between the depths and lengths of cavities and the evaluated feature. In conclusion, the proposed method can protect the HFGCW from deep and invisible cavities which can reduce its adhesion and strength.

The performance investigation and optimization of reciprocating flow applied for liquid-cooling-based battery thermal management system

Liquid cooling is the most popular battery thermal management system (BTMS) at present, while suffers from high energy consumption and high temperature difference between upstream and downstream. Herein, we first use a reciprocating liquid flow-based BTMS (RLF-BTMS) for cylindrical batteries to release those issues. The comparison among unidirectional flow, cross-direction flow, and reciprocating flow was carried out to investigate the effectiveness of reciprocating flow. After that, the effects of velocity and reciprocating period, two key factors of reciprocating flow, were systematically explored. Finally, a comprehensive criterion of the performance of BTMS considering maximum temperature, temperature difference, temperature distribution coefficient, and energy consumption was proposed to optimize the reciprocating flow. The temperature difference and energy consumption are reduced by 55.3 % and 15.6 % through reciprocating flow. To get energy-saving performance, the reciprocating flow velocity ought to be lower than 0.085 m/s. Since has been greatly reduced, temperature difference changes insensitively with velocity. As decreased from unidirectional flow to 0, the reciprocating periods are divided into three stages: disorder stage, positive stage, and worse stage, according to the thermal characters. Based on the novel BTMS evaluation index, 0.05 m/s and 200 s are selected as the optimal velocity-period combination for the RLF-BTMS. This study recommends applying reciprocating flow to replace the traditional unidirectional flow to get better cooling performance.

Experimental investigation of a novel standing-wave thermoacoustic engine based on PCHE and supercritical CO2

The pursuit of high amplitude and low onset temperature difference is one important topic in thermoacoustic engines. In this paper, a novel standing-wave thermoacoustic engine is constructed working with supercritical CO2, whose core components are integrated as a printed circuit heat exchanger (PCHE). Our experimental results confirm that at any location on the resonator, the pressure obeys a cosine law with time, and the whole pressure field exhibits a seesaw-like spatiotemporal behavior. Under a fixed charging mass, the amplitude of pressure oscillation increases with temperature difference, obeying a power law relation. The maximum amplitude achieved in this work is 0.419 MPa at a temperature difference of 151.0 °C and a mean pressure of 9.621 MPa. Besides, the frequency with an average of 7.6 Hz shows weak variations. The onset temperature difference decreases as the critical pressure is approached, and the minimum value achieved is 14.8 °C. Moreover, the cooling effect of oscillating CO2 to the high-temperature portion of the stack is revealed, causing the strongly nonlinear temperature profile along the stack. This paper manifests that supercritical CO2 and PCHE are highly prospective to be employed in thermoacoustic devices.

Enhancing the thermal stability of S/Se based thermoelectric materials using self-generated oxide films

This study focuses on the thermal stability of Cu1.8S materials. During the ball milling process, metal powder is added to the milled Cu1.8S powder, and then the obtained powder is sintered using current assisted sintering to obtain dense blocks. The aim is to enable the added metal elements to spontaneously grow an oxide film on the surface of the material block at high temperature, achieving protection of the material matrix. The thermal stability of materials is evaluated by utilizing changes in room temperature phase composition before and after high-temperature heat treatment, changes in material electrical conductivity during high-temperature processes, and cyclic electrical transmission performance testing. By observing the surface oxide film state of the material after high-temperature treatment, the commonalities and differences in the effects of different element additions on the thermal stability of the material were analyzed. The effects of different metal elements on material hardness and electrical transmission performance were evaluated. It is found that adding metal powder can effectively improve the thermal stability of Cu1.8S, improve material hardness, and regulate the electrical transmission performance of the material. The characteristics of the oxide film formed by the spontaneous growth of metal elements and oxygen on the surface of the material substrate determine the effectiveness of the oxide film in protecting the material from high temperatures. The pure Cu1.8S bulk can only maintain stability at 300 oC, and the addition of Cr, Al, 316L, Fe, and Mn powder respectively increased the stable temperature of the material to 400, 400, 450, 450, 500 oC. Adding metal elements to the material matrix to grow an oxide film on the surface of the material to prevent high-temperature oxidation or decomposition is an effective way to improve the thermal stability of S/Se compounds.

Research on transient heat transfer of ball valves in high-pressure liquid hydrogen receiving stations

As one of the most important fluid control devices in the liquid hydrogen receiving station, the liquid hydrogen ball valve's performance directly affects the system's stability. Aiming at the problem of insufficient cold shrinkage compensation ability of ball valve under high-temperature difference and excessive flow rate during the working process, a high-pressure liquid hydrogen hollow ball valve with elastic compensation ability is designed. Based on the conjugate heat transfer method, the transient conjugate heat transfer and transient thermal stress analysis were carried out on the high-pressure hollow ball valve of the liquid hydrogen receiving station. The results show that the transient temperature of each part of the ball valve decreases under different flow rates, and the closer to the flow part of the medium, the faster the cooling. In the initial stage, the larger the flow rate of liquid hydrogen, the greater the heat flux density of the fluid-solid interface, but after a certain period, the large flow rate is cooled to a greater extent, the heat transfer is weakened, and the heat flux density is smaller. Under different flow rates, the transient thermal stress of the key components of the ball valve first increases sharply and then decreases. At large flow rates, the temperature change is more obvious, and the maximum stress of each component increases. The research results have guiding significance for designing and applying ball valves in high-pressure liquid hydrogen receiving stations.

Fracture Patterns of Rocks Observed under Cryogenic Conditions Using Cryo-Scanning Electron Microscopy

Cryogenic fracturing, which uses liquid nitrogen (LN2) as a fracturing fluid, is a waterless fracturing method. However, previous attempts to investigate the fracture morphology of rocks after LN2 quenching have been mainly based on standard scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis at room temperature. This can be problematic since thermally-induced fractures created by temperature difference tend to close as a sample warms and thermal stress relaxes. To address this issue, we established a novel approach employing Cryo-scanning electron microscopy (Cryo-SEM) to investigate the fracture patterns induced by liquid nitrogen quenching under cryogenic conditions. This method can achieve in-situ visualization of fractures and pores with a nano-scale resolution at −190 °C. X-ray computed tomography (CT) is also employed to illustrate the fracture distribution inside samples. Cryo-SEM and standard SEM are compared, and statistical assessments are conducted to quantify fracture aperture size and closure scale. The results demonstrate that Cryo-SEM can more accurately preserve native fracture morphology and provide a more accurate means of evaluating fracture scales generated during LN2 quenching, particularly at higher temperature differences between rock and liquid nitrogen. Distinct fracture patterns and fracture width are observed for various rock types (i.e., coal, sandstone, shale, granite) by using these methods. More prominently, the maximum fracture width of coal, sandstone, shale and granite were 89.17 µm, 1.29 µm, 0.028 µm and 2.12 µm when the temperature difference between LN2 and rock samples were 296 °C. LN2 is shown to exhibit superior fracturing efficiency on coal and granite, characterized by complex fracture networks with branched fractures. This research contributes to our understanding of liquid nitrogen fracturing mechanisms and may offer effective approaches for unconventional reservoirs stimulation.

Out-of-plane dynamic instability of functionally graded porous circular arches reinforced by graphene platelets in thermal environment

This paper investigates out-of-plane dynamic instability for functionally graded porous (FGP) graphene platelets reinforced composites (GPLRC) circular shallow arches subjected to a radial periodic concentrated load in a thermal environment for the first time. Hamilton principle is employed to derive the differential equations of motion of the arches associated with out-of-plane displacements. The dynamic instability regions (DIR) with period 2T are determined by using Bolotin’s method and verified by finite element software ANSYS. The effects of uniform temperature difference,out-of-plane boundary condition, pore distribution mode, the weight fraction of graphene platelets (GPLs), GPLs dimension coefficients, and the location of the concentrated periodic load on the DIRs are comprehensively analyzed. The results show that higher temperature difference can weaken the dynamic stability of the arch. The load position has no influence on the boundary excitation frequency at the lowest point of the DIR but plays a negative impact on the area of the DIRs and a positive influence on the lowest value of the load. The parametric resonance of the arch is more likely to occur if the concentrated periodic load is located near the arch crown.

Numerical study on flow and heat transfer characteristics of the double-hole jet in flowing liquid

In this paper, a numerical study of double hole water jet condensation is presented, and the heat transfer mechanism of double hole jet is obtained. Firstly, the flow characteristics along the axis of plume were investigated, and the mechanism of interaction between adjacent plumes was analyzed. With the increasing of the inlet pressure of steam, the plume length increases gradually. Then it is found that the temperature of the subcooled liquid had a restraining effect on the length of plume, and the higher temperature difference in heat transfer increases the mass exchange of interface between liquid and gas. The effect of the structural parameters of the nozzle on the plume was also analyzed. As the hole spacing decreases, the degree of plume convergence increased. The plume was more susceptible to mutual influences with the increase of nozzle diameter. Finally, a new correlation for double-hole plume length was proposed by comparing with the existing prediction correlation.

Analysis of intake air temperature effect on performance of portable atmospheric water generation (PAWG) systems with heat sink angle orientation of 75o

The increasing demand for clean water and the diminishing supply of clean water sources can result in a clean water crisis. Air is a ubiquitous, inexpensive, and clean water source. Using Atmospheric Water Generators (AWG), the water contained in the air can be extracted. This study's objective was to determine the effect of inlet air temperature and air heater power variations on tool performance and PAWG condensate water production at a condenser angle of 75 degrees. The procedure utilized is experimental on three PAWG boxes. Each box has a distinct temperature at its entrance. The variation of inlet air temperature is accomplished by heating the air before it enters the box with an air heater; the applied power variations are 0.484 Watt, 0.964 Watt, and 1.702 Watt. The results demonstrated that variations in air heater power and inlet air temperature affected system performance and condensate water production. Maximum water discharge and PAWG performance were achieved when the air heating power was 0.48 watts and the water discharge was 1.166 milli liters per hour. At 0.0084 ml/h/W, the PSys system performance had the highest value. The variable air heating power of 0.946 Watt represents the utmost COP value of PAWG. This power variable has a high temperature difference and influences the COP value at high levels.

Numerical investigation of novel manifold microchannel heat sinks with countercurrent regions

Manifold microchannel (MMC) heat sink is a potential method to dissipate high heat fluxes of electronic devices. Traditional Z-type MMC is a simple configuration but usually encounters high temperature difference and pressure drop. In this work, we introduced countercurrent flows to alleviate these problems by revising the design of manifold configurations. Six cases with different manifold arrangements are numerically investigated using single-phase deionized water at mass flow rates ranging from 0.04 - 0.12 g/s. The results show that the maximum temperature, average temperature, and temperature difference of the revised arrangements are all lower than these of the traditional Z-type manifold arrangement. The cases with countercurrent regions can reduce the maximum temperature around 5 K compared with the original cases with parallel regions. The temperature difference of the ZU-type MMC with double-layer countercurrent flow configuration is lower than 4 K, which is about 25% of the original Z-type MMC. For the revised manifold configuration with countercurrent flows, the pressure drops also decrease due to the split of inlets and outlets of the manifold. The pressure drops of single-layer and double-layer countercurrent manifolds are respectively 27.13% and 33.36% lower than that of the case with traditional Z-type manifold. This leads to a higher comprehensive performance of revised cases with countercurrent flows. Besides the better temperature uniformity, the fluid flow becomes more uniform in the microchannels for the revised case. The improved ZU-type MMC with double-layer countercurrent flow can dissipate 1100 W/cm2 for single-phase flow with a temperature increase of 80 K and a pressure drop of 22 kPa at mass flow rate of 1.2 g/s.

Integration of thermoelectric generators in a biomass boiler: Experimental tests and study of ash deposition effect

Thermoelectric generators (TEGs) are based on Seebeck effect and produce electricity from a heat flow. They require low maintenance and provide quiet operation. However, they have low efficiency and need suitable temperature values. Accordingly, the integration of TEGs in boilers is a promising approach, since these equipment present high temperature differences between hot gases and water and allows the use of waste heat for water heating. There are experiences of the integration of TEGs in biomass boilers, but almost none with unconventional biomass with a high tendency to ash deposition. The integration of TEG modules in a commercial pellet-fired 25 kWth boiler is described and experimental results, working with pine pellets and with an agropellet (70% of vineyard pruning and 30% of barley straw), are presented. Power produced with only 6 modules can reach 60 W. After quantifying the effect of the temperature on both gas and water sides, the study focuses on analyzing the ash deposition on the exchange surfaces and their effect on TEG modules operation (e.g. power reduction of 0.24 W per hour with pine and 0.78 with agropellet). This effect can be minimized by working with high excess of air or by integrating a cleaning system.

High-temperature contact potential difference measurement of surface work function using in vacuo Kelvin probe

Characterization of the work function of emitting surfaces represents an important contribution to thermionic emission research today. This is because materials that exhibit lower work functions are capable of thermionically emitting higher current densities at lower operating temperatures, which ultimately means longer lifetimes for the vacuum electron devices that make use of thermionic emitters. One widely used technique to characterize a material's work function is the measurement of contact potential difference using a Kelvin probe system. When applied in the traditional mode, this technique fails to produce meaningful results in situations where a sufficiently hot sample under inspection and the cooler Kelvin probe are in thermal disequilibrium. However, as this paper will outline, the standard application of a Kelvin probe system can be amended to facilitate meaningful asymmetric contact potential difference measurements, and consequently, obtain values of work function for samples at high temperatures, including relevant operating temperatures for thermionic emitters (>1000 °C).

Dynamic behavior and optimal regulation of seawater desalination by membrane distillation considering the membrane fouling

Membrane distillation (MD) for seawater desalination is a promising technology to solve the shortage of freshwater because of its advantage of low energy consumption. However, membrane fouling is a common challenge that occurs during practical operation, resulting in decreased desalination performance. Since fouling phenomenon is a time-dependent process, a dynamic model of MD desalination considering membrane fouling is developed and experimentally validated in this study. The effects of key parameters on dynamic behavior considering the membrane fouling are investigated by this proposed model. The results indicate that membrane fouling has a significant effect on thin membranes as particles gradually accumulate on the membrane surface. Additionally, the rectangular shaped membrane exhibits better antifouling properties compared to the commonly used square shaped membrane. Inorganic pollution aggregation on the membrane surface is significantly enhanced by high temperature difference between the feed and permeate stream (ΔT), particularly in the initial stage. Increasing the feed stream rate (L) can alleviate organic pollutants and microbes. The model proposes hybrid optimal adjustment of ΔT and L to improve membrane antifouling properties. During the initial 30 h, the proposed approach leads to a 8.87% increase in permeation flux, but with the side effect of a 62.79% increase in energy consumption. The proposed dynamic model provides guidelines for optimizing MD desalination with better antifouling properties.