High Technology Research Articles

Preface to the Special Issue on “High Order Sensing and Analysis Technology of Chemical Substances”

Preface to the Special Issue on “High Order Sensing and Analysis Technology of Chemical Substances”

МАТЕРИАЛЬНО-ТЕХНИЧЕСКОЕ ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЕ СЕЛЬСКОГО ХОЗЯЙСТВА: СОСТОЯНИЕ, ПРОБЛЕМЫ, НАПРАВЛЕНИЯ СОВЕРШЕНСТВОВАНИЯ

One of the determining conditions for competitive domestic agricultural production in foreign markets is the technical and technological modernization of the industry. However, despite the significance of the problem, over the past two decades, a stable trend of reduction in the number of employees in agricultural organizations in Russia has developed for all types of agricultural machinery. The highest rates of reduction in agricultural machinery were observed until 2010, and in subsequent periods the downward trend has significantly decreased. At the same time, it is not entirely correct to assess the current situation unambiguously, since the reduction in the fleet of machinery and equipment in agricultural organizations is due to certain objective circumstances and conditions: the area of cultivated land and cultivation of specific crops has decreased; the number of animals has decreased; the technical means used have become more energy-intensive and productive, which is especially important in the context of a shortage of personnel in rural areas. In 2018-2022 the production of domestic agricultural machinery in value terms increased by almost 2.5 times, while in physical terms the changes are insignificant. At the same time, domestic mechanical engineering practically does not produce machinery and equipment for pig farming, poultry farming, milk processing, potato harvesters, beet harvesting equipment, equipment for gardening, vegetable growing. As a result of the outstripping rate of disposal of agricultural machinery and equipment over the rate of their production and replenishment, the energy capacity of the industry is declining. The sanctions imposed on the Russian economy have led to increased risks of non-receipt of critical components and spare parts; disruption of stable logistics and distribution chains that have functioned for a long time, their rise in price; revision of contract terms, failure to meet delivery deadlines. Sanctions against the use of foreign high technologies used in precision farming, genetics, selection, enterprise management, etc. have a negative impact on the development of the agro-industrial complex.

Family Vulnerability: From concept to a scale validity and application

Abstract This activity will last 20 minutes. An interactive presentation will be structured at three steps. First, a debate will be facilitated to engage participants on the following questions: i. What is family vulnerability? ii. Why should we measure family vulnerability at the context of Primary Health Care (PHC)? Second, once concepts are aligned, a brief presentation about the Vulnerability Family Scale for Brazil (EVFAM-BR) will be performed. At this time, participants will have the opportunity to know about the process of development, validation and the final version of EVFAM-BR (Souza et al., 2023, available at https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0280857). Third, presenters will share step by step how EVFAM-BR can be implemented into PHC, considering two real-world experiences in Brazil, Southeast and North regions, and will discuss about possible strategies to tailor it at different cultural and geographic context, from settings with higher vulnerability and low resources to high technology settings.

Customized Preparation of Heat-Resistant Fully Flexible Sensors Based on Coaxial 3D Printing.

The conventional behavior recognition strategy for wearable sensors used in high-temperature environments typically requires an external power supply, and the manufacturing process is cumbersome. Herein, we present a rational design strategy based on fully flexible printable materials and a customized device-manufacturing process for skin-conformable triboelectric nanogenerator sensors. In detail, using high temperature-resistant ink and 3D printing technology to manufacture a coaxial triboelectric nanogenerator (C-TENG) sensor, the C-TENG exhibits high stretchability (>400%), a wide working range (>250 °C), and high output voltage (>100 V). The C-TENG can be worn on various parts of the human body, providing a robust skin-device interface that recognizes diverse human behaviors. Using machine learning algorithms, behaviors such as walking, running, sitting, squatting, climbing stairs, and falling can be identified, achieving 100% behavior recognition accuracy through the selective input and optimization of an appropriate dataset. This paper provides a research perspective for the customization, extension, and rapid fabrication of heat-resistant, fully flexible TENGs.

Spatial transcriptomics analysis identifies therapeutic targets in diffuse high-grade gliomas

IntroductionDiffuse high-grade gliomas are the most common malignant adult neuroepithelial tumors in humans and a leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. The advancement of high throughput transcriptome sequencing technology enables rapid and comprehensive acquisition of transcriptome data from target cells or tissues. This technology aids researchers in understanding and identifying critical therapeutic targets for the prognosis and treatment of diffuse high-grade glioma.MethodsSpatial transcriptomics was conducted on two cases of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) wild-type diffuse high-grade glioma (Glio-IDH-wt) and two cases of IDH-mutant diffuse high-grade glioma (Glio-IDH-mut). Gene set enrichment analysis and clustering analysis were employed to pinpoint differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in the progression of diffuse high-grade gliomas. The spatial distribution of DEGs in the spatially defined regions of human glioma tissues was overlaid in the t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE) plots.ResultsWe identified a total of 10,693 DEGs, with 5,677 upregulated and 5,016 downregulated, in spatially defined regions of diffuse high-grade gliomas. Specifically, SPP1, IGFBP2, CALD1, and TMSB4X exhibited high expression in carcinoma regions of both Glio-IDH-wt and Glio-IDH-mut, and 3 upregulated DEGs (SMOC1, APOE, and HIPK2) and 4 upregulated DEGs (PPP1CB, UBA52, S100A6, and CTSB) were only identified in tumor regions of Glio-IDH-wt and Glio-IDH-mut, respectively. Moreover, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and gene ontology (GO) enrichment analyses revealed that upregulated DEGs were closely related to PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, virus infection, and cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction. Importantly, the expression of these DEGs was validated using GEPIA databases. Furthermore, the study identified spatial expression patterns of key regulatory genes, including those involved in protein post-translational modification and RNA binding protein-encoding genes, with spatially defined regions of diffuse high-grade glioma.DiscussionSpatial transcriptome analysis is one of the breakthroughs in the field of medical biotechnology as this can map the analytes such as RNA information in their physical location in tissue sections. Our findings illuminate previously unexplored spatial expression profiles of key biomarkers in diffuse high-grade glioma, offering novel insight for the development of therapeutic strategies in glioma.

High temperature pyrolysis of sewage sludge: Synergistic effects of co-pyrolysis with rice straw and composite plastics wastes

The synergistic effect of co-pyrolysis for the mixtures of sewage sludge (SS), rice straw (RS) and composite plastic wastes (PE&PP) has been investigated with the aim of high gas yields and hydrogen generation. In this context, the applicability of high temperature pyrolysis technology was evaluated at both rotary type batch reactor and rotating screw type continuous reactor operating under the industrially relevant conditions. Gas yields have been improved at increasing the operating temperatures up to 850 °C. The gas yield of 75.06 % with its H2 portion of 32.35 % has been achieved as the best results for continuous pyrolysis unit at pilot scale. Secondary reactions such as steam de-alkylation, steam cracking, water gas shift and so on were regarded as being responsible for the high gas yields when the primary products of pyrolysis, i.e. condensable vapors, were much exposed to the hot zones inside the reactor. The dehydration of organic components involving the loss of water may supply steam to create a reactive pyrolysis atmosphere. While the pyrolysis of sewage sludge and rice straw favors CO and CO2 formation due to the high oxygen contents of these feedstocks, more methane and light olefins were produced when the plastics were added to the feedstock blends. This was ascribed to the initially generated radicals from the decomposition of sewage sludge and/or rice straw that might promote the scission reactions of plastics towards volatiles. It was shown that high temperature pyrolysis can be applied to a variety of organic wastes such as rice straw, sewage sludge and waste plastics. Conversion of wastes to hydrogen fosters the circular economy by putting the disposal costs down and creates a new route on renewable hydrogen generation.

Microbial community composition and co-occurrence network analysis of the rhizosphere soil of the main constructive tree species in Helan Mountain of Northwest China

To understand the microbial diversity and community composition within the main constructive tree species, Picea crassifolia, Betula platyphylla, and Pinus tabuliformis, in Helan Mountain and their response to changes in soil physicochemical factors, a high throughput sequencing technology was used to analyze the bacterial and fungal diversity and community structure. RDA (Redundancy Analysis) and Pearson correlation analysis were used to explore the influence of soil physicochemical factors on microbial community construction, and co-occurrence network analysis was conducted on the microbial communities. The results showed that the fungal and bacterial diversity was highest in B. platyphylla, and lowest in P. crassifolia. Additionally, the fungal/bacterial richness was greatest in the rhizosphere soils of P. tabuliformis and B. platyphylla. RDA and Pearson correlation analysis revealed that NN (nitrate nitrogen) and AP (available phosphorus) were the main determining factors of the bacterial community, while NN and SOC (soil water content) were the main determining factors of the fungal community. Pearson correlation analysis between soil physicochemical factors and the alpha diversity of the microbial communities revealed a significant positive correlation between pH and the bacterial and fungal diversity, while SOC, TN (total nitrogen), AP, and AN (available nitrogen) were significantly negatively correlated with the bacterial and fungal diversity. Co-occurrence network analysis revealed that the soil bacterial communities exhibit richer network nodes, edges, greater diversity, and greater network connectivity. Indicating that bacterial communities exhibit more complex and stable interaction patterns in soil. This study reveals the complex interactive relationship between microbial communities and soil physicochemical factors in forest ecosystems. By analyzing the response of rhizosphere microbial communities of major tree species in Helan Mountain to nutrient dynamics and pH changes, we can deepen our understanding of the role of microorganisms in regulating ecosystem functions and provide theoretical basis for soil improvement and ecological restoration strategies.

Effect of carbon fibers modification on joint adhesion steel-epoxy resin-aluminum

The combination of high-performance steel with aluminum or aluminum alloys shows a wide range of application in high technologies field like aerospace, smart materials, etc. The problem in using of adhesive bonding technology for these substrates is the weak mechanical occlusion between steel/aluminum and common coatings. In this study, different methods of treatment of carbon fiber were employed to enhance the adhesion strength in steel-epoxy resin filled with carbon fiber-aluminum triplex. The treatment of carbon fibers with 3-glicidyloxypropyl-trimetoxysilane after their oxidation in 65 wt.% nitric acid leads to the additives which improve the adhesion strength of epoxy resins at 15 wt.% contain on 67.5% in comparison with neat epoxy up to 20 MPa. This result can be explained by the change of failure mechanism from “cohesive’ to “adhesive” that leads to an increase of adhesion strength to steel and aluminum. The SEM study shown that 60–80 nm thick two-layer interphase formed between carbon fiber and epoxy matrix. The mechanical strength of this interphase governs the mechanical and adhesion performance of steel-epoxy resin-aluminum triplex. Taking into account the mechanical properties and adhesive strength of these composites, it emerges as a potential candidate for advanced materials.

Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of Additive Connecting Ti-6.5Al-2Zr-1Mo-1V Alloy by High Frequency Pulse TIG Technology

Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of Additive Connecting Ti-6.5Al-2Zr-1Mo-1V Alloy by High Frequency Pulse TIG Technology

Developing employee proactivity in entrepreneurial ventures through training: an organisational identity approach

Purpose This study aims to explore how training influences employee proactive behaviours in entrepreneurial ventures. Specifically, the study develops and tests a model in which organisational identification (OID) mediates the relationship between perceptions of training and two employee proactive behaviours: taking charge and creative behaviour. Design/methodology/approach Data was collected from 136 employee-supervisor dyads from 24 entrepreneurial ventures in Malaysia’s high technology industry. Smart–partial least square structural equations modelling was used to test our proposed hypothesis. Findings The findings suggest that entrepreneurial ventures can use training to strengthen employees’ identification with the ventures, which in turn encourages proactive behaviours. Originality/value This study shows how HRD practices found in larger firms can work in different ways to influence desirable behaviours among employees of entrepreneurial firms. Specifically, by demonstrating how the relationship between training and employee proactive behaviours occurs through OID in the context of entrepreneurial ventures, the authors provide a complementary explanation of how HRD practices in entrepreneurial ventures can influence employee positive behaviours.

Методика навчання інформатики у профільній школі: аналіз посібників з вебтехнологій

The paper discusses the peculiarities of the content, structure and methods of teaching the elective module ‘Web Technologies’ for pupils of a specialised school. Studying web technologies at school not only provides pupils with basic knowledge about creating websites and web applications, but also contributes to the development of critical thinking, creativity and technical skills that are essential in the modern digital world. The article analyses the main teaching materials of textbooks for teaching high school pupils web technologies, reveals the main concepts of the elective module and highlights the main problems that should be addressed in the learning process. The web technologies textbooks considered in the article contain practical material, and the authors also tried to present a short and meaningful theoretical educational material sufficient for independent study of the elective module ‘Web Technologies’ by pupils of a specialised school of general secondary education institutions in the modern conditions.

Conceptual Analysis of the High-Touch, High-Tech Trend: The Suitability of Technology for Tourism Transformation in Rural Destinations

This research aims to evaluate the role of technology in rural tourism development, focusing on the match between technology and the capabilities of local communities. The method used is a quantitative approach, namely data collection through questionnaires distributed to three groups of respondents: local communities, technology providers and tourists. Two main research questions were identified: (1) Is the technology applied by the community service capacity in the tourist village? (2) How can technology be adapted to the needs of local communities and the experiences tourists desire? The research results show that appropriate technology can improve tourist experiences and empower local communities. However, reliance on technological trends without a strong foundation can decrease tourist interest. Therefore, this research concludes that the application of technology must be based on a deep understanding of the local context to avoid inappropriate investments and maintain tourism sustainability. These findings provide important insights for stakeholders in designing appropriate technology strategies for tourist villages. Keywords: rural tourism, technological progress, high technology, emerging markets, tourism services

Evaluation of sustainability and technological management for Logistics 4.0

ABSTRACT The evaluation of technology management and sustainability has become a challenging topic. As high technology firms apply new technologies, managers expect their organisational and sustainability performance to increase. However, sustainability issues are multidimensional and turn into vital concerns for managers. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the causal effect possibilities related to sustainability in which new technologies are applied for Logistics 4.0. This study provides the rationale for the causal effect, offers improvement schemes, and enriches academic literature. Using a fuzzy decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory, the proposed criteria were tested to generate suggestions on how managers would make the best practice and the most effective solutions. A case study of the automotive industry is conducted to test the validity of the proposal method. In conclusion, technology management has the greatest influence on sustainability.

Emphasizing the innovation of urological robotic-assisted surgical instruments and technology driven by new quality productivity forces

New quality productivity force is an advanced form of productive force that is innovation-driven, characterized by high technology, high efficiency, and high quality. It aligns with the new development philosophy and represents an advanced state of productivity. Within the medical sphere, this concept is epitomized by the progressive evolution of surgical instruments and techniques. In recent years, the rapid development of new quality productivity forces in the medical field has generated significant anticipation for innovations in urological robotic surgery instruments and techniques. Advancements in domestically produced robotic surgery systems, remote robotic surgery, single-port robotic surgery, and pediatric-specific robotic surgery exemplify the critical application of new quality productivity forces in urology. The integration of artificial intelligence, haptic feedback technology, and sensory enhancement technologies has further enhanced the safety and precision of surgeries. Driven by these new quality productivity forces, the development of urological robotic surgery instruments and techniques has reached a new milestone, potentially setting a new gold standard for urological surgeries and providing patients with safer, more efficient, and personalized medical care. However, certain emerging technologies still face challenges in their application, necessitating further research and clinical validation.

Construction of a 3D spider web structure with spherical Ho2O3 wrapped by carbon nanofibers for high-efficiency microwave absorption and corrosion protection

Reasonable composition control and microstructure design are the effective ways to realize multi-functional high-performance absorbing materials. In this work, a three-dimensional (3D) spider web structure was designed by the electrospinning and high temperature carbonization technology, where Ho2O3 spheres were wrapped by carbon nanofibers. Herein, the spherical Ho2O3 were surrounded by layers of carbon nanofibers (spider silk), which were like the preys inside the spider's web. This unique bionic structure working in conjunction with the tuned components enables the as-prepared composites with improved impedance matching and enhanced loss capacity. The superior electromagnetic wave absorption performance was obtained as the minimum reflection loss of −61.37 dB at 2.90 mm and the maximum effective absorption bandwidth of 6.88 GHz (11.12–18 GHz) at 2.64 mm. At a thickness of 3.44 mm, the effective absorption bandwidth is 4.80 GHz (8–12.80 GHz), covering the entire X-band. At the same time, the composite soaked in the corrosive medium for 7 days owns a low corrosion current density (10−4 ∼10−6 A cm−2) and a high polarization resistance (105∼107 Ω), which exhibits the obvious anticorrosion ability. This work designs a specific spider web structure with high-performance microwave absorption and corrosion protection.

Human Biosafety Concept when Carrying out Medical Procedures Related to the Use of High Medical Technologies in the Field of Transplantation of Human Organs and Tissues: Constitutional and Legal Aspect

The article is devoted to the analysis of the concept of human biosafety during medical procedures using high medical technologies in the field of transplantation of human organs and (or) tissues. An analysis of the regulatory framework in the field of ensuring human biological safety during medical procedures in the field of transplantation and donation is provided, which demonstrates that the biosafety of patients in the Russian Federation is ensured by providing recipients with high-quality biomaterial as strictly established by the legislator based on the achievements of modern medical science. The legislation establishes medical restrictions for potential donors in order to ensure the biological safety of recipients. Special requirements have also been established for medical personnel who have the right to carry out medical procedures related to the transplantation of human organs and tissues. The domestic legislator is actively implementing the concept of biological safety in the field of VMT use by establishing certain criteria and restrictions for this type of assistance, which ensures citizens the right to receive qualified, high-quality medical care in the field of transplantation and donation of human organs and (or) tissues.

Impact of Laser Ablation Strategies on Electrochemical Performances of 3D Batteries Containing Aqueous Acid Processed Li(Ni0.6Mn0.2Co0.2)O2 Cathodes with High Mass Loading

Lithium-ion batteries are currently one of the most important energy storage devices for various applications. However, it remains a great challenge to achieve both high energy density and high-power density while reducing the production costs. Cells with three-dimensional electrodes realized by laser ablation are proven to have enhanced electrochemical performance compared to those with conventional two-dimensional electrodes, especially at fast charging/discharging. Nevertheless, laser structuring of electrodes is still limited in terms of achievable processing speed, and the upscaling of the laser structuring process is of great importance to gain a high technology readiness level. In the presented research, the impact of different laser structuring strategies on the electro-chemical performance was investigated on aqueous processed Li(Ni0.6Mn0.2Co0.2)O2 cathodes with acid addition during the slurry mixing process. Rate capability analyses of cells with laser structured aqueous processed electrodes exhibited enhanced performance with capacity increases of up to 60 mAh/g at high current density, while a 65% decrease in ionic resistance was observed for cells with laser structured electrodes. In addition, pouch cells with laser structured acid-added electrodes maintained 29–38% higher cell capacity after 500 cycles and their end-of-life was extended by a factor of about 4 in contrast to the reference cells with two-dimensional electrodes containing common organic solvent processed polyvinylidene fluoride binder.

Perspectives on Anesthesia and Perioperative Patient Safety: Past, Present, and Future.

During the past 70 years, patient safety science has evolved through four organizational frameworks known as Safety-0, Safety -1, Safety-2, and Safety-3. Their evolution reflects the realization over time that blaming people, chasing errors, fixing one-offs, and regulation would not create the desired patient safety. In Safety-0, the oldest framework, harm events arise from clinician failure; event prevention relies on better staffing, education, and basic standards. In Safety-1, used by hospitals, harm events arise from individual and/or system failures. Safety is improved through analytics, workplace culture, high reliability principles, technology, and quality improvement. Safety-2 emphasizes clinicians' adaptability to prevent harm events in an everchanging environment, using resilience engineering principles. Safety-3, used by aviation, adds system design and control elements to Safety-1 and Safety-2, deploying human factors, design-thinking, and operational control or feedback to prevent and respond to harm events. Safety-3 represents a potential way for anesthesia and perioperative care to become safer.

Research into multi-directional high stability techniques in the same plane for satellite static testing

In order to ensure the structural strength reliability of spacecraft base plate during launch and operation, it is necessary to perform the structural strength test of load synchronous loading on the base plate in the same plane to evaluate its structural bearing capacity under certain axial and shear loads. In order to meet the test requirements and simulate the real stress condition of the base plate, a reliable implementation scheme is proposed in this paper. Multi-directional uniform loading of a satellite base plate is completed by using the same plane multi-directional high stability test technology. The mechanical test of a satellite using this technology shows that the test strain is consistent with the theoretical simulation deformation. This technology effectively solves the problem of uniform loading in the same plane of the satellite base plate in mechanical testing.

Cutting speed and behaviors of ice using Yb-doped fiber laser

The use of a laser to cut or drill ice has been proposed and demonstrated multiple times in previous decades as a novel, but never adopted, machining tool in glaciology and paleoclimate studies. However, with the rapid development of high power fiber-laser technology over the past few decades, it is timely to perform further studies using this new tool. An investigation is made herein on the cutting of ice using a Yb-doped fiber laser emitting at a wavelength of 1070 nm, the most extensively developed and highest power fiber laser technology, in pulsed and continuous-wave operation. Visible-light observations of clear tap water ice samples, moving at a constant velocity relative to a pulsed laser beam, demonstrate a linear relationship between the duration of a millisecond-range laser pulse and the depth of the meltwater-free cut formed in response. Thermal imaging of the irradiated face shows that peripheral heating trends linearly for pulse lengths greater than 5 ms. A comparison of pulse trains with a constant time-averaged power suggests that shorter pulses are advantageous in slot-cutting efficiency and in minimizing visible alterations in the surrounding ice. These results demonstrate the viability of powerful fiber-compatible lasers as a tool for ice sample retrieval and processing.