High-tech Products Research Articles

The Role of the Capital of the Chinese Diaspora in the Economic Development of the PRC during the Reform Period (1979 – early 2020s)

The paper focuses on assessing the influence of the Chinese diaspora (overseas Chinese, in Chinese: huaqiao-huaren) on the economic development of the People’s Republic of China in the course of the reform and opening-up policy (1979-2020s). The author has studied virtually all the key official documents of the PRC leadership, which effectively engaged the Chinese diaspora in the nation’s long-term strategy of socialist modernisation. Based on the analysis of a large body of academic literature and statistical data, the author identified three main stages in the development of overseas Chinese enterprises in the PRC: 1979-1991, original capital accumulation and the policy of labour-intensive production of export products; 1992-2007, an investment boom and the transition from labour-intensive to capital-intensive production of export products; 2008-early 2020s, the transition to high-tech production and the replacement of foreign enterprises. Each stage is characterised in the context of the PRC’s diaspora policy and key developments in China and the world. The paper analyses the sectoral structure of the business activities of overseas Chinese-owned enterprises in the PRC. It shows that for almost the entire period of the reform and opening up policy, these companies focused on manufacturing, while their interest in the service sector was also growing. In total, overseas Chinese invested USD1.9 trillion in the PRC between 1979 and 2022, accounting for more than 67% of China’s total FDI stock. The author concludes that the PRC leadership has rationally used the resources of the Chinese diaspora to ensure their full participation in China’s economic development during the reform and opening-up period.

On the role of digital solutions in the development of an innovative environment for high-tech production and ensuring the priorities of the national economy

The relevance of the study is determined by the recently increased role of digital services and technologies in shaping the architecture of high-tech production and ensuring the priorities of the national economy. The development of digital services and services produces the emergence of ecosystems and the spread of customeroriented business models in the high-tech sector, the importance of which in the country's economy will only increase.The purpose of the study is determined by the need to study modern trends in the development of digital services and technologies that influence the development of the innovative environment of high-tech industries and ensuring the priorities of the national economy.Objectives: to explore the role of digital services and technologies in shaping the architecture of high-tech industries and ensuring the priorities of the national economy; to identify the periodization and content of the digital transformation of the national economy; to analyze the basic indicators characterizing the dynamics of the spread of digitalization processes; to explore the content and key characteristics accompanying the spread of digital platforms and ecosystems.Methodology: the research methodology is based on historical, logical and economic-statistical analysis regarding the processes of digital transformation in the national economy.The results of the study show that digital transformation in the national economy is actively spreading, involving an ever-increasing circle of participants and setting new imperatives in doing business related to the emergence and spread of digital ecosystems. However, the architecture of the largest domestic ecosystems has not been fully formed and they have not achieved their growth potential.Conclusions obtained as a result of the study indicate that digital services and technologies are a factor contributing to a multiple increase in the capitalization of high-tech companies involved in the development of digital transformation processes. Digital ecosystems have prospects associated with increasing their impact on the national economy and deeper integration into the socio-economic space in connection with the development of new digital technological solutions.

Integrating Greenhouses into Buildings: A Renewed Paradigm for Circular Architecture and Urban Regeneration

In the post-COVID-19 era, there has been an increasing interest in re-evaluating citizens’ living conditions within dense and grey urban areas. The provision of green spaces has always been identified as an important aspect of alleviating contemporary everyday life stress and preventing or limiting mental health-related issues. It is also an important strategy to mitigate urban heat islands and foster adaptation strategies to climate change. Among the numerous experiments of ‘green action’ available to urban planners, urban farming strategies have been widely used in Europe to provide green spaces and ecosystem services, exploring the topics related to self-production of food, biodiversity, and zero-km cultivation. Therefore, finding new spaces for agriculture in urban environments has driven scientists, researchers, and entrepreneurs to develop new soilless technologies (such as hydroponics, aquaponics, and aeroponics) to maximize yields in urban areas, creating new agricultural and architectural models such as the vertical farms (VF) and the building-integrated greenhouses (BIGH). In this regard, the objective of this paper is to recontextualize the integrated greenhouse element for high-tech food production as new iconic architectural models derived from the experience of the Victorian Winter Gardens and the first tropical greenhouses. Revisiting these perspectives, this paper offers opportunities to redefine the greenhouse as a multifunctional asset that aligns with both environmental goals and architectural standards.

Instruments of state risk management of innovative import substitution projects

Today, the key priority of state policy is to protect the Russian economy from external threats aimed at reducing the rate of economic growth and scientific and technological development in the country. In these conditions, the primary task facing the state is to overcome dependence on imported supplies of critical goods, components, and raw materials. To quickly solve this problem, it is necessary to intensify innovative activities in the field of import substitution, which, in turn, can be achieved by creating favorable conditions for the implementation of innovative projects to create high–tech products capable of replacing foreign analogues.The subject of the research is the instruments for supporting innovative development in the country in order to ensure economic security. The results consist in the development of a model of the system of state support of innovative activity in order to ensure the economic and technological sovereignty. It is distinguished by the use of the mechanism of public–private partnership for the successful implementation of programs in the field of import substitution of critically important products, components and raw materials. To respond to the risks that may arise during the implementation of such programs, a set of instruments was proposed. They represent a set of measures of state support implementing various options for processing project risks (acceptance, evasion, transfer and distribution).

СТРАТЕГИЯ РАЗВИТИЯ ПРЕДПРИЯТИЯ ОПК НА ОСНОВЕ СОЗДАНИЯ ВЫСОКО-ТЕХНОЛОГИЧНОГО ПРОИЗВОДСТВА

The article provides an analysis of the ex-ternal and internal environment of a mili-tary-industrial enterprise. A strategy has been developed to increase production ca-pacity by building high-tech production equipped with additive machines. The cal-culation of cash flows showed a significant reduction in production costs, particularly for innovative elements with improved to-pology.

Highly Permeable, Electrically Switchable Filter for Multidimensional Sorting of Suspended Particles

The creation of highly specific particle systems in the nano- and micrometer size range is a challenging task. The demand for particle systems with narrowly distributed properties is increasing in many applications, especially for use in high-tech products. Conventional separation techniques often reach their limits in the micrometer size range or become (labor-)intensive, which makes them economically or ecologically unsustainable. In addition, sorting based on several properties is rarely feasible in just one separator. Dielectrophoretic processes can be a viable option for complex sorting tasks like this, given their ability to address several particle properties and their high degree of selectivity. In this paper, we summarize the progress of a project in which the capability of dielectrophoretic methods for multidimensional sorting of microparticles was investigated. We were able to develop an operation mode for multidimensional sorting of microparticles using dielectrophoresis as well as a scalable electrically switchable filter. This creates a basis for high-throughput and multi-target sorting of technical microparticles using dielectrophoretic processes.

International Advanced Development Territories as a New Source of Investment Opportunities

In the new political and economic realities, the key tasks for Russia are to maintain sustainable development trends in all regions, ensure smooth functioning of economic mechanisms, and increase the country’s technological sovereignty. Solving these tasks requires the provision of resources, including investment resources. The reduction of investment opportunities in European markets leads to the need to compensate and seek new sources of investment in Asia-Pacific markets. This requires the expansion and renewal of investment attraction tools. In the article the authors analyze the experience of the regions of the Russian Far East in the use of territories of advanced development to attract foreign investment. The competitive advantages of the five sites in the Far East regions identified by the government for the creation of international advanced development territories have been high-lighted. It also characterizes the institutional framework, names the features of the model of international territories of advanced development, substantiates the necessity, defines the conditions for implementation of the legislative initiative of the Government of the Russian Federation on creation of a new format of preferential treatment. The authors believe that its institutionalization will contribute to the increase of investments in high value-added industries, expansion of high-tech production, which will strengthen the country’s technological leadership. The authors have made a conclusion about the regularity and objectivity of trends in the expansion of tools for attracting investment in the economy of regions and the country as a whole.

The econophysical model of innovation diffusion

Analysis and evaluation of innovation efficiency require the development of tools to model their dissemination process within the industry. This paper presents a model of innovation diffusion based on physical approaches, describing stages of accelerating and decelerating growth. An exponential growth is described using a diffusion model, while a logarithmic one employs an electrical engineering model. The paper presents the correspondence of physical parameters with their economic counterpart: size of a company; characteristic of speed of information exchange between firms; company’s willingness to innovate; inter-firm influence and the breakthrough level of innovation. The theoretical model obtained was tested on historical data of innovation implementation in the fuel and energy complex, followed by adjustments of coefficients depending on the branch of innovation implementation. The developed model is applicable for describing the process of innovation dissemination in any industry in the country, as well as for investment and business planning in companies and decision-making on investments in innovation projects. When applied in industries with low levels of innovation activity, an increase in the level of high-tech production and the share of organizations implementing technological innovations is predicted. Using the example of Russia’s fuel and energy sector, rising in the technological level of enterprises and a decrease in import dependence are forecasted.

The macroeconomic determinants of trade openness in Latin American countries: A panel data analysis

Background Trade openness shows a positive impact on economic growth, supported by economic theory, and export diversification and economic complexity show a positive dynamic in trade openness in the world; however, a specificity is generated in South American countries. Therefore, the objective of the research is to analyse the macroeconomic determinants of trade openness in Latin American countries. Methods The research approach was quantitative and explanatory using panel data methodology from the databases of the World Bank, Harvard University and the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean for the period 2000-2020. Results The fixed effects panel data model showed that the variables that had a negative impact on trade openness were GDP, the economic complexity index and the logistic performance index, while the variables that had a positive impact were exports of high-tech products (a proxy for innovation), exports, imports, research and development expenditure and interregional trade in goods. Conclusions Therefore, during the analysis period of 2000-2020 in South America, based on the panel data analysis under fixed effects, a total of 8 countries had a negative impact on trade openness, and only the economies of Chile, French Guiana, and Brazil had a positive impact on trade openness; these economies are characterized by their better performance in the economic complexity index, their higher percentage of budget for research and development expenses, and their trade policies oriented towards the industrialization of their value-added products.

Legal Issues of Ensuring Technological Sovereignty

Objective: to identify the legal issues of ensuring technological sovereignty and to determine scientifically grounded vectors of their solution.Methods: the study is based on formal-legal, historical-legal, comparative legal methods, as well as the methodology of soft systematicity, legal forecasting, and legal modeling. Results: the article presents a theoretical and legal approach to understanding sovereignty and differentiating its types. Under modern conditions, a significant role is given to the independence and autonomy of the state in the technological sphere. The correlation of digital and technological sovereignty is considered; the latter notion is outlined taking into account the gaining popularity of the Western concept of digital (technological) solidarity. The regulatory foundation of the state strategic autonomy is legal regulation, in which the concept of technology-centrism has been firmly established in recent years. The technological paradigm of modern legal regulations was identified. It consists in strategizing the scientific and technological innovations in strategic planning documents, as well as in sovereignization and cyclization of the legal sphere, digital transformation of the culture of lawmaking and law enforcement, technologization of the legal language, expansion of the scope of legislative regulation and the volume of subordinate legislation. The analysis of the correlation between the legislative and subordinate law levels of technological positioning of the Russian Federation in strategic areas has allowed to emphasize the important systemic interrelation of the involved traditional and innovative law-making tools as they ensure technological development. The author also identifies the risks of expanding legal experimentation in the digital area of public relations, which should exclude the possibility of circumventing the established critical limitations.Scientific novelty: the work forms a theoretical and legal model of ensuring technological sovereignty, which is of strategic importance for the preservation of the Russian Federation sovereignty in its classical understanding as the main and most important feature of the state.Practical significance: the results can be used in law-making activities of public authorities to create legal mechanisms for research, development and implementation of critical and end-to-end technologies and the production of high-tech products based on them in order to ensure national security of the Russian Federation.

The Influence of Sino-US Trade Friction on the Export Volume of China's High-tech Products

With the rapid development of economy, witnessing the extraordinary progression of the economy, China has ascended as the second largest economy globally, and the gap with developed countries is getting smaller and smaller. For a long time, there has been a huge trade deficit from China to the United States. The United States provoked trade friction on the grounds of trade protectionism, restricting trade with China, high-tech industries being the focus. Employing the difference-in-differences (DID) methodology, this paper scrutinizes the influence of Sino-US trade frictions on the export value of China's high-tech industries, utilizing the export data of China's high-tech industries to the United States spanning from 2012 to 2022. It is found that after the Sino-US trade friction began, China's exports of high-tech products to the United States have declined significantly, which has caused trade destruction effect and trade deflection effect from China to the United States.

The impact of bull breeding management on reproductive function (review)

Providing the population with quality food products is currently relevant. High-tech production of meat and dairy products requires breeding animals with high genetic potential. The main role is given to bull sires, since they are responsible for the constant reproduction of the breeding stock, which depends on the non-stop renovation of the herd with high breeding value’s calves. Management of growing and breeding of young bulls can directly affect the reproductive function of sires and the physiological health. The article provides analytical data based on literary sources containing research by various authors on this topic, and reviews methods and technologies for keeping breeding bulls on various farms in the Russia and abroad. Currently, there is a many problems of getting high-quality breeding young bulls to an artificial insemination center. Currently, there are problems with obtaining high-quality breeding bulls of the enterprise. There are animals with abnormal development of the musculoskeletal system, joints, hooves, with signs of osteomalacia, etc. Such animals require additional costs for veterinary and breeding services. The quality of the sperm products they produce often does not comply with state normative. The reason is related either to the choice of maintenance technology or feeding technology. It is necessary to competently organize management, breeding and veterinary work in farms that are purposefully engaged in breeding young animals.

Характеристики современного русского рекламного технического дискурса

This article is devoted to the analysis of the Russian advertising technical discourse. The subject of the article is the sociolinguistic features of the Russian advertising technical discourse on the example of electronic technical advertising in 2024, addressed to a mass audience. Materials and methods. The empirical material was electronic advertising messages created to promote high-tech products in Yandex in 2024. The sample size for the article was 146 texts of technical advertising. Interpretive analysis and the method of content analysis were used in the analysis of the material. Results. The results of the study showed that, taken together, the characteristics of the RATD are multifaceted: there is not only reflects confidence in technical achievements and professionalism, but also unites there is an emphasis on urgency, safety and creativity, as well as on the orientation on national culture and spiritual and cultural values. The RATD also demonstrates a new feature of modern technical advertising - interactivity. Together, these elements have formed a unique style of RATD. The results of the research can be used in practical work by advertising specialists promoting technical and high-tech products on the Russian market; in lecture courses on technical discourse and advertising discourse.

STRATEGIES FOR THE USE OF IRON-CONTAINING WASTE IN THE PRODUCTION OF HIGH-TECH CHEMICAL INDUSTRY PRODUCTS

The article provides an overview of various data on red mud as a waste from the processing of bauxite into aluminum. An analysis was made of the prevalence of red mud in the world, the features of its storage and disposal, as well as the possibility of its processing into products and intermediates necessary for the production of various materials. The features of the chemical composition of red mud are given depending on its place of production and storage. An analysis of world practice on the implementation of the possibility of processing red mud using various techniques is presented. Analysis of literature data has shown that there are a large number of scientific groups involved in the processing of red mud into products such as oxides of various metals, the extraction of rare earth and radioactive metals from it, as well as the production of other products that can be used in construction, wastewater treatment, and agriculture etc. In the article, one of the most significant sections is the protection of the environment from the harmful effects of red mud. The achievements of world scientists to minimize such impacts are presented and measures that need to be taken in the future to protect the environment are considered. In addition, one of the important sections of this article is the section devoted to the processing of red mud into catalysts for various reactions, consisting in most cases of transition metals supported on aluminum oxide. This review article will allow us to systematize existing scientific developments on the processing of red mud and can be used as a basis for further study of the possibility of obtaining industrially important products from metallurgical industry waste. For citation: Afineevskii A.V., Prozorov D.A., Smirnov D.V., Gordina N.E. Strategies for the use of iron-containing waste in the production of high-tech chemical industry products. ChemChemTech [Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol.]. 2024. V. 67. N 11. P. 6-14. DOI: 10.6060/ivkkt.20246711.7111.

Generational Transformation and Its Reflection on Project Success: The Gen-Z

Nowadays, Gen-Z members with a high ability to use high-tech products have just entered the labor market to take responsibility in construction projects. Gen-Z members must work together with other generations and different work styles. If the harmonization among generations is not managed properly, it will decrease the productivity of the construction industry. Therefore, this study aims to identify the Gen-Z characteristics and their impacts on the project success by using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) method. SEM results showed that Gen-Z characteristics contribute to project success through communication. Therefore, communication-related practices must be overviewed and rearranged according to Gen-Z requirements. The findings will contribute to the in-company employee strategies and assist in adapting Gen-Z members into the construction industry to increase productivity.

Contours of modern didactics of professional education: an analysis of foreign studies

Introduction. Vocational education plays a special role in a global policy agenda focused on technological development worldwide. Quality vocational education makes an effective contribution to innovative economic development and equitable sustainable development of human capital. The analysis of trends in the development of educational technologies becomes a source of research of didactic and organizational aspects of professional education as a necessary condition for solving the tasks of Russia's state policy in the sphere of formation of innovation economy. The purpose of the study is to analyze foreign research in the field of didactics and organization of vocational education. Materials and methods. We conducted the study based on content analysis of foreign studies that took place between 2013 and 2023. We analyzed reports and scientific articles posted on open information platforms. The study presents the results of the analysis of 30 information sources. These are materials from the European Union's analytical data portal CEDEFOP, NMC Horizon Project Sector Analysis monitoring on technological solutions in STEM+ education, materials from the report of the Swiss Economic Institute (KOF), results of the analysis of scientific articles. Results. The analysis of sources made it possible to outline the external (invariant) contour of pedagogical approaches and technologies in the sphere of didactics and organization of vocational training and education (VET) in different countries. We also established that the internal didactic contour in each educational organization is formed considering the specifics of the choice of specialties for training and has a variable character. Because of the analysis of foreign sources, we systematized strong technological solutions that have a significant impact on the development of didactics of vocational education in the context of the request to prepare specialists for activities in the field of high-tech production. Prospects for further research. The results obtained can be useful for researchers in the field of professional education in designing the design of the educational process with modern educational technologies.

Technique of functional simulation as a tool for providing the required quality of fortified bakery products

Relevance. The problem of irrational and unbalanced nutrition is relevant for almost all regions of Russia. There is a need to enrich everyday products with micronutrients that are of particular importance in the diet. Fortified bread and bakery products with specified consumer properties in the diet can be one of such valuable products.Methods. The methodology of structural analysis and design of systems (Structured Analysis and Design Technique, SADT) is often used in life cycle management of complex high-tech products and has not found wide application in the food industry. The authors substantiate the need to introduce tools for functional and graphical modeling of business processes that implement the SADT methodology in life cycle management to ensure the quality of finished bakery products.Results. An original generalized functional and logical model of the process “To produce enriched bread (bakery products) with regionally significant micronutrients” has been developed. The analysis of the technology of enriched bakery products, carried out at various levels of decomposition of the process, revealed that the quality of the finished product is significantly influenced by the choice of the technological stage of applying the components of the mixture proposed for the enriching composition. It has been established that preference should be given to organic forms of additives — components of the enriching composition. To preserve the nutritional properties of bakery products, an enriching composition is proposed to be applied to the surface of the finished product. The proposed method has been tested in experimental production conditions. Its manufacturability and controllability of the proposed technical solutions are proved. The approach to functional and graphical modeling of food technologies developed by the authors on the example of bakery products opens up prospects for improving the quality of finished products and can be widely used in food engineering.

The macroeconomic determinants of trade openness in Latin American countries: A panel data analysis

Background Trade openness shows a positive impact on economic growth, supported by economic theory, and export diversification and economic complexity show a positive dynamic in trade openness in the world; however, a specificity is generated in South American countries. Therefore, the objective of the research is to analyse the macroeconomic determinants of trade openness in Latin American countries. Methods The research approach was quantitative and explanatory using panel data methodology from the databases of the World Bank, Harvard University and the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean for the period 2000-2020. Results The fixed effects panel data model showed that the variables that had a negative impact on trade openness were GDP, the economic complexity index and the logistic performance index, while the variables that had a positive impact were exports of high-tech products (a proxy for innovation), exports, imports, research and development expenditure and interregional trade in goods. Conclusions Therefore, during the analysis period of 2000-2020 in South America, based on the panel data analysis under fixed effects, a total of 8 countries had a negative impact on trade openness, and only the economies of Chile, French Guiana, and Brazil had a positive impact on trade openness; these economies are characterized by their better performance in the economic complexity index, their higher percentage of budget for research and development expenses, and their trade policies oriented towards the industrialization of their value-added products.

Optimal Replenishment Strategy for a High-Tech Product Demand with Non-Instantaneous Deterioration under an Advance-Cash-Credit Payment Scheme by a Discounted Cash-Flow Analysis

This study investigated non-instantaneous deteriorating items because not all products deteriorate immediately. In the high-tech product life cycle, the product demand increases linearly substantially in the growth stage and maintains a near-constant level in the maturity stage. This is a ramp-type demand rate. To satisfy the demand as shortages occur, partial backlogging is necessary. The advance-cash-credit payment scheme, comprising advance, cash, and credit payments, has gained popularity in business transactions to improve cash flow flexibility among supply chain participants. This study explored a partial backlogging inventory model with ramp-type demand for non-instantaneous deteriorating items under generalized payment. The proposed model also incorporated discounted cash flow analysis to account for the time value of the profit function. This study attempted to determine the optimal replenishment strategy to maximize the present value of the total profit. Finally, we conducted a sensitivity analysis to examine the efficacy of the proposed model and gain managerial insights. The optimal total profit rises with an increase in the permissible delay period and sale price but decreases with an increase in ordering and purchase costs. Then, the decision-maker can refer to the managerial insights to choose the appropriate parameter value for the operation.

Microclimate monitoring in commercial tomato (Solanum Lycopersicum L.) greenhouse production and its effect on plant growth, yield and fruit quality

IntroductionHigh annual tomato yields are achieved using high-tech greenhouse production systems. Large greenhouses typically rely only on one central weather station per compartment to steer their internal climate, ignoring possible microclimate conditions within the greenhouse itself.MethodsIn this study, we analysed spatial variation in temperature and vapour pressure deficit in a commercial tomato greenhouse setting for three consecutive years. Multiple sensors were placed within the crop canopy, which revealed microclimate gradients.Results and discussionDifferent microclimates were present throughout the year, with seasonal (spring – summer – autumn) and diurnal (day – night) variations in temperature (up to 3 °C, daily average) and vapour pressure deficit (up to 0.6 kPa, daily average). The microclimate effects influenced in part the variation in plant and fruit growth rate and fruit yield – maximum recorded difference between two locations with different microclimates was 0.4 cm d-1 for stem growth rate, 0.6 g d-1 for fruit growth rate, 80 g for truss mass at harvest. The local microclimate effect on plant growth was always larger than the bulk climate variation measured by a central sensor, as commonly done in commercial greenhouses. Quality attributes of harvested tomato fruit did not show a significant difference between different microclimate conditions. In conclusion, we showed that even small, naturally occurring, differences in local environment conditions within a greenhouse may influence the rate of plant and fruit growth. These findings could encourage the sector to deploy larger sensor networks for optimal greenhouse climate control. A sensor grid covering the whole area of the greenhouse is a necessity for climate control strategies to mitigate suboptimal conditions.