High-tech Industrial Enterprises Research Articles

МОДУЛЬ ПРИНЯТИЯ РЕШЕНИЙ ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ ПОДДЕРЖКЕ НАУКОЕМКИХ ПРОИЗВОДСТВ

Enterprises of high-tech industries of electronic, machine-building and other sectors of the economy, on the one hand, and research centers of academic, applied and educational institutions, on the other hand, make a counter search. The purpose of such a search is to identify research that is in demand by industry enterprises for conducting projects and manufacturing high-tech products, and to find the addresses of enterprises that are in demand by research institutions for marketing their scientific and innovative products. Practice shows that measures to search for targeted information are carried out for a limited time and, as a rule, at the first stages of the project. With this approach, the available information sometimes does not have time to reach its consumer on time. A similar situation is observed in the counter search – institutions, as a rule, are limited in the forces and means that are required when searching for potential consumers for the results of their research and when conducting contractual activities. For the efficiency of decision-making on the management of knowledge-intensive production projects, in particular, robotic systems, due to the timely equipping of enterprises with the information they need about the results of research, the task of building a decision-making module for intellectual support of such projects is being solved. The goal of this module is to ensure the intensification of the processes of timely delivery of information about new knowledge in the field of high-tech industries to enterprises-manufacturers of microelectronic components, devices and to enterprises-developers of robotic systems. The basic basis of the decision-making module, which has a novelty, is its architectural model, built to implement the process of automatic recognition of the address of an enterprise that is a potential consumer of the results of a new study, and the process of transmitting data about these results in accordance with the address for use in projects for the development of new electronic components and for the production of robotic systems based on them.

Improving the system of measures to support industrial development in Russia

Currently, it is not individual enterprises that compete in the global market of industrial goods, but value chains. Within their framework, technological and production interfaces, diversification of demand markets, and optimization of business processes contribute to a sharp increase in the competitiveness of enterprises. The existing measures to support the development of industry do not confirm their effectiveness based on the results of work. To improve the system of support measures, the following steps are proposed: value chains should become the main tool for implementing the state’s industrial policy, measures for technological re-equipment based on intersectoral interaction of enterprises of high-tech and medium-tech industries should be implemented, as well as development institutions alternative to the banking sector should be formed. When implementing the proposed state support measures, the conditions for the sustainable development of the manufacturing industry in Russia are formed.

ОБОСНОВАНИЕ НЕОБХОДИМОСТИ РАЗРАБОТКИ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ РИСКАМИ НА ПРЕДПРИЯТИЯХ ВЫСОКОТЕХНОЛОГИЧНОЙ ОТРАСЛИ

This article discusses the criteria and methods for determining the enterprises of high-tech industries, which are the most promising type of development and making a huge contribution to improving the efficiency of enterprises, as well as serving as the main factor in the development of high-tech industries and the economy as a whole. A system of risk management in the enterprise based on the management of business processes through the use of mathematical and statistical tools for analysis, identification and risk assessment.

Ensuring strategic sensitivity of knowledge–intensive industrial enterprises

The main trends in the development of high–tech industrial enterprises in theRussian Federation are considered. The structure of the system of interaction of a science–intensive industrial enterprise with the state and small business is proposed, which ensuresthe strategic stability of a certain «basic part» of their business processes and at the sametime, which allows, based on the use of the advantages of small business, to ensure highsensitivity of its activities in the implementation of strategic and operational plans.

Processes of development of digitalization of economic systems 
 of the Russian Federation

The article reflects the issues of digitalization of the Russian economy at the present stage of its development. Itpresents an analysis of the Program Digital economy of the Russian Federation, which is based on the goals, solving problems, performing sales activities of digitalization, timing, and key directions of the state policy of Russia in the formation of conditions for the functioning and development of the digital economy. Thearticle shows that the circulation of information in digital form is the main factor of social production, improving the quality of life of the population, developing the competitiveness of state, ensuring national sovereignty and sustainable economic growth of state. The implementation of this Program requires high-quality interaction between the state, business and science, since its implementation requires the formation of at least a dozen leading national companies high-tech industrial enterprises that develop end-to-end technologies and manage digital platforms, which will carry out their activities on world markets and form a strategic ecosystem, research structures and leading industry enterprises that ensure the systematic development of the digital economy of Russia. The Program implementation indicators show that the effectiveness of innovation development in theindustrial sector of digitalization determines the creation of future markets, allowing industrial enterprises to create the image of the future of the regions, to carry out complex innovative activities. The relevance of theimplementation of the State Program Digital Economy of the Russian Federation, which includes the processes of innovative development of the region on the basis of NTI, is that digitalization and the creation of innovations, allows enterprises to gain leadership among similar manufacturers, producing products with asignificant degree of knowledge intensity, forming new product and technology markets. Digital technologies and innovative development of the region on the basis of NTI is the creation of a network integration grouping of the industrial complex on the basis of an innovative ecosystem. A significant result of this study is the formation of a model of the innovation ecosystem of the region based on NTI. The model shows that the development of NTI startups is carried out with the help of the regional infrastructure of innovation support, the main element of which is the innovative regional clusters representing the regional ecosystem of innovation support. The main importance in the ecosystem is played by the network connections of participants in innovation activities and their organizational and technological capabilities (points of industrial technological growth and development). Thepaper reflects that the implementation of the Program for creating a digital society based on STI to create new markets and technologies is based on the development of innovative activity of the economic systems of theregion. In the proposed model of the ecosystem of digitalization of the region, the author has developed analgorithm for evaluating the effectiveness of its activities.

Ecological-economic modeling for sustainable and safe development of high-tech industrial enterprises

This paper presents the concept of considering the ecological and economic component of the industrial system from two sides. The first side represents ecological and legal modeling which includes the study of exogenous and endogenous negative determinants affecting this area. The second side describes ecological and mathematical modeling which is based on the modernization and adaptation of the calculated tools for high-tech industrial enterprises to reflect the costs of environmental safety, sustainable development of production and conservation of natural resources.

Как мотивировать российского исследователя на высокие научные достижения?

The increasing competition in world markets, the development of high-tech industries based on the latest scientific achievements entail additional innovations to maintain a competitive level of goods, works and services, and to accelerate scientific and technological progress. To achieve results and economic growth in the context of sanctions, the state and large companies need to form new principles of personnel management and systematically stimulate scientific activity. The authors have proposed criteria for evaluating the results of scientific activities in order to stimulate the efforts of scientists financially by setting a premium for their scientific degree. Unlike university professors, scientists in industry do not receive guaranteed allowance. The mechanism of formation of the allowance is based on the fulfillment of a set of criteria and has not only a stimulating function, but also a strategic one - increasing the publication activity of employees and creating an innovative image of the organization through the accumulation of scientific potential. The mechanism is especially relevant for innovative enterprises of high-tech industries in Russia.

The analysis of the network structures in high tech industrial enterprises

The relevance of information and the speed of its processing are of significant importance for high-tech industrial enterprises. To solve this problem, R&D departments are created within enterprises, but often all efforts are broken down by inefficient organizational structures. Purpose of the research– identify patterns that will ensure the most productive work with innovations. For the dissemination of new ideas in the enterprise, the role distribution of employees is more important. The impact of the ability to freely share information does not affect the results as much as the change in the ratio of different types of employees. The determined share of conservative employees (30-40% of the total number) allows us to determine the optimal ratio of employees who test innovative ideas for adequacy, in order to maximize the number of successfully accepted ideas by the team.

High-tech business in crisis conditions: development trends of large, medium and small enterprises

Leading world countries view innovative development and high-tech business as an opportunity to overcome economic stagnation and decline in economic growth. One of the modern trends in the analysis of high-tech development is the study of high-tech knowledge-intensive service industries and their development in times of crisis. The purpose of the paper is to identify patterns of development of large, medium and small enterprises in high-tech service industries in Russia during periods of crisis. Economic and economic-mathematical methods of analysis are applied to the formed samples of enterprises. The research period is 2013-2017. The financial indicators of enterprises were adjusted for the level of accumulated inflation in relation to 2013. According to results, large and medium-sized enterprises showed insignificant or weak significant positive dynamics of revenue during all years of the crisis period. The crisis period did not lead to a decrease in the revenue of these groups of enterprises. The acute phase of the crisis (2014-2015) had a pronounced negative impact on the group of small enterprises in all studied industries, but they successfully recovered in 2016-2017 and reached the pre-crisis level of revenue. The total revenue by industries and groups of enterprises in 2017 became higher than in 2013, and its growth rates were significant for many groups of enterprises, which indicates a successful overcoming of the crisis period and signs of growth in high-tech service industries. Our study shows the need for state support for small businesses in high-tech service industries in crisis conditions, and identifies the possibilities of adaptation of enterprises in these industries to an unfavorable external environment. Our results may be useful for the purposes of government stimulation of economic development in the current environment.

Organizational and Technical Support for Remote Work of Employees in the Conditions of Industrial Production Diversification

The article is devoted to the analysis of a very relevant topic at present: the process of transferring employees (employees) of an organization (company, firm, Department etc.) to a remote (remote) mode of operation, and thus creating a so-called virtual office. For the most part, the translation algorithm and organizational and technical support of the virtual office creation process are typical (universal). However, there is certain specificity in the organization and implementation of this process in relation to engineering organizations and high-tech industrial enterprises, due to the peculiarities of their activities in modern conditions of diversification of industrial production at the enterprises of the defense-industrial complex.

Managing the increasing returns of a high-tech business model in industry: Classic and ecosystem effects

Business model management is possible on the basis of detailing and clarifying methods for calculating forms of increasing returns. High-tech companies, in contrast to traditional ones, have additional rents associated with the dual use of technologies and digitalization. The article develops a set of methods for assessing the cumulative increasing returns of a hightech business model based on the calculation of classic and ecosystem effects. The neoclassical economic theory, the network (relational) approach, the concepts of business models and ecosystems constitute the methodological basis of the study. The authors differentiate between five forms of returns: economies of scale effects, effects of innovation, diversity, direct and indirect network-based (ecosystem) effects. The research method is pioneered by the authors and based on a sequential assessment of the five forms of returns. For each form, an optimal calculation method is proposed, the results of which are unified by the standardization method. The level of increasing returns is empirically calculated using the case study of the civil production of the Semikhatov Scientific and Production Association (SPA) of Automatics – one of the largest high-tech industrial enterprises. The paper highlights the problems in measuring returns, such as the lack of panel data on the enterprise, a uniform method and relevant examples for calculation, as well as objective data on sectoral markets. The research results prove that the key management objective is to enhance the positive difference between increasing and decreasing returns through transformation of the business model. To achieve this objective, we compile a matrix of effects, the level of which allows making appropriate management decisions. Our calculations show that the enterprise experiences decreasing returns from adoption of innovation. The level of increasing returns from the learning effect and the direct network-based effect is quite low, which indicates that the enterprise’s business model is traditional, rather than technological. The research results can serve as a basis for the development of a detailed management mechanism for transforming a business model. The method for increasing returns assessment is universal and can be applied to evaluate the effectiveness of any business models.

Transformation of Industrial Enterprises in the Digital Economy

The article is devoted to the analysis of transformation processes of high-tech industrial enterprises operating in the digital economy. It is noted that in the modern economy of Russia the technologies of the third and fourth technological paradigm (TP) prevail, therefore the technologies of the fifth and sixth ones are “high” for it. The structure of the transformation processes of a high-tech enterprise in the framework of the development of digital technologies with the allocation of technological levels of automation of the production process is considered. To optimize the processes of technological transformation, the author proposes to use a modified structure. A characteristic feature of the proposed structure is the presence in it of the so-called “intelligent agents”, which are specialized software modules that are controlled by a special data exchange protocol. Modules also have the ability to implement synchronization mechanisms with business objects and provide the technical ability to integrate three or more different information systems.

Sustainability, Effectiveness and Efficienc of Enterprises in High-Tech Sectors in Crisis Conditions: Econometric Modelling

The aim of this work is to model the impact of sustainability and effectiveness on the efficiency of enterprises. The object of the research is the enterprises of high-tech industries and services of Russia. Their efficiency (profitability) is analyzed in the conditions of the crisis period of 2013–2017. The sample includes 1814 enterprises or 9070 observations (1814 enterprises × 5 years). Research methods: regression analysis of panel data, models with random effects. The dependent variable is the net return on assets. Results: we found that effectiveness and sustainability have a highly significant positive impact on the efficiency (profitability) of enterprises in high-tech sectors of Russia in a crisis. Further research revealed a parabolic relationship (inverted U shape) between the share of borrowed capital in the balance sheet and profitability, as well as between the size of the enterprise and profitability. It is shown that enterprises with high stability of revenue dynamics can achieve higher profitability with effective management of the capital structure. Moreover, capital structure management strategies will be different depending on the stability of revenue dynamics. The maximum profitability values are shown by medium-sized enterprises. High revenue stability provides a slower decrease in profitability for large and small enterprises. The obtained patterns can be used by enterprises of high-tech sectors to increase the efficiency of their activities in the conditions of economic instability.

Government R&D subsidies, information asymmetry, and the role of foreign investors: Evidence from a quasi-natural experiment on the shanghai-hong kong stock connect

Government subsidies for corporate research and development (R&D) are thought to be necessary, in theory and in practice. However, both policymakers and scholars question the efficiency of such subsidies, because numerous innovative enterprises receive funding but fail. Some researchers suggest that the main cause of perceived inefficiency is the information asymmetry between the government and enterprises. In this study, we focus on signal theory, proposing that foreign investors as a signal can help the government to reduce the information asymmetry when selecting enterprises to sponsor. China's Shanghai-Hong Kong Stock Connect provides an appropriate setting for our quasi-natural experiment. Our empirical results reveal that the enterprises targeted by the Shanghai-Hong Kong Stock Connect can receive more R&D subsidies from the government. And the positive net impacts are more apparent in smaller-sized enterprises, and enterprises in high-tech industries and those with a high proportion of intangible assets. The study further shows that enterprises sponsored by the government are more likely to use the subsidy efficiently and improve their performance.

Company performance and optimal capital structure: evidence of transition economy (Russia)

PurposeThe paper analyzes the effects of the capital structure on company performance (return on assets). The analysis is conducted in a large sample of high-tech manufacturing and service companies in the transition economy (Russian Federation). In addition to the aggregated analysis, separate investigations are conducted to scrutinize the impact of company age, size and location factors (the effects of agglomerations). This research postulates the existence and variability of the optimal capital structure and its dependence on economic crisis.Design/methodology/approachWe utilized a large sample that includes 1,826 enterprises over the period from 2013 to 2017. The estimation was performed using the panel-corrected standard error estimation technique (Prais–Winsten regression) to account for the panel nature and distributional properties of our data. The existence of the optimal capital structure was assessed based on a curvilinear (quadratic) function.FindingsThe results are consistent with the Static Trade-off Theory and show that this theory is applicable to countries with transition economy. They demonstrate that effective management of the capital structure can increase return on assets by 16–22%. The optimal share of borrowed capital is higher for small businesses compared to larger ones and for enterprises located in agglomerations compared to those located in other regions. A greater increase in profitability can be achieved by larger firm companies compared to smaller ones. High share of borrowed capital leads to negative profitability, i.e. to losses by enterprises. No significant differences in profitability growth were identified between young and mature enterprises. The optimal share of borrowed capital that maximizes return on assets is in the range of 0–21%.Research limitations/implicationsDue to the SPARK policies, our access to the data has been limited to a five-year window, which imposed certain limitations on the choice of econometric methods we could have employed and somewhat limited our ability to contrast the effect of the crisis period with the period of stability. In this sense, although our results pertaining to the effect of the crisis could be treated as conservative, future research should consider extending the panel to include more years into consideration.Practical implicationsWe identified significant differences between optimal capital structures and actual capital structures for high-tech enterprises. The contribution of this study is that the calculations were made for a country with a transition economy under crisis conditions. Countries with transition economies and developing countries tend to be characterized by a high level of interest rates on loans and a high proportion of borrowed capital in total assets. This poses difficulties for companies relying on borrowed capital to finance their operations. At the same time, our results demonstrate that in transition economies, enterprises in high-tech industries do have an optimal capital structure that allows maximizing firm performance. That is, Static Trade-off Theory is applicable to transition economies characterized by high interest rates on loans.Originality/valueThe novelty of this study lies in the detailed analysis of high-tech industries in Russian Federation. This analysis makes use of sophisticated econometric techniques for the first time in this context.

Classification of project portfolios and their relationship with the development strategy of high-tech industrial enterprises

This article discusses the comparative characteristics of strategies implemented by high-tech industrial enterprises, and presents a decomposition of the development strategy to the level of the project portfolio through integrated indicators for evaluating projects. The article proposes an approach to determining the relationship between the types of strategies of high-tech enterprises and the types of project portfolios, a distinctive feature of which is the addition of existing approaches to managing a strategic project portfolio developed by the conceptual and categorical apparatus and the extension of the classification of project portfolios depending on the project focus.

Problems of increasing the innovation activity of industrial enterprises in the context of global competition

The article deals with the increasing innovation activity of Russian enterprises in the context of global competition. It describes the rise in intensity of competition as a result of the decrease in the main market players and the increase in the scale of their economic activity. The authors analyze the tendency of growth of the incubation cycle duration of new developments in industrial enterprises of high-tech industries which makes it commensurate with the life cycle of new technology or a new product. It is proved that innovation activity of the industrial enterprise, on the one hand, can, under certain conditions, bring extra income due to the growth of labor productivity and reduction of internal costs. On the other hand, extra income is brought by obtaining a new market segment through the implementation of the innovation product. The article also describes the influence of innovation activity of industrial enterprises on the structure of investments in fixed assets and the duration of the investment cycle.

Application of ERP-systems for increase of efficiency organization of high-tech production

The specificity of ERP-systems application in the production of high-tech products is described. The approaches to implementation in science-intensive industrial enterprises are described. The use of ERP systems by Russian manufacturing enterprises has been expanding in the last decade. The article describes approaches to implementation in high-tech industrial enterprises of the Federal state unitary enterprise “Khrunichev state research center”.

ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ ВЫСОКОТЕХНОЛОГИЧНЫМИ ПРЕДПРИЯТИЯМИ ПРОМЫШЛЕННОСТИ РОССИИ

ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ ВЫСОКОТЕХНОЛОГИЧНЫМИ ПРЕДПРИЯТИЯМИ ПРОМЫШЛЕННОСТИ РОССИИ

Social challenges based on the digital transformation of high-tech enterprises

The article presents the essence of the digital transformation of enterprises, shows the potential social challenges that accompany the introduction of the digital economy. For enterprises of high-tech industries, due to their high intellectual intensity, foreseeing the potential risks of social character is the most important. The necessity of developing a mechanism for managing the social state of a collective in the process of digital transformation of enterprises is substantiated.