High-tech Engineering Research Articles

Development report of the next generation of civil engineering

The development of civil engineering technology is a major issue related to the national economy and people’s livelihood, especially in the modern era where new technologies are emerging in all walks of life. Combining with the current development status of civil engineering technology in the world today, the author combed the new technologies closely related to the development of civil engineering technology in recent years. These new technologies mainly include: assembly structure, intelligent manufacturing, 3D printing, and industrial digitization. The existing high-tech and civil engineering technology developments are combined. Based on the current domestic and foreign technological development environment, the author puts forward the development forecast of the next generation of civil engineering technology and the company’s countermeasures. These predictions and suggestions are of great significance for the national government to formulate policies or the guidance of modern enterprises to formulate development strategies.

Energy saving behavior in the marketing of startup projects and marketing activities of world high-tech enterprises

Methods. The results were obtained through the use of following methods: dialectical method of cognition, comparison and generalization – to clarify the concept of «energy-saving behavior of economic and social agents»; theories of marketing, logistics, competition and fuzzy logic and fuzzy plural numbers – when developing a methodological approach to the formation of product competitiveness aimed at respecting marketing energy-saving values; index approach – during the formation of the competitiveness index of high-tech enterprises; marketing, economic, graphic analysis – when calculating the sales volume of Siemens AG by regions of the world, establishing a variation in the maximum value of operating profitability in the areas of Siemens AG. Results. Components of energy-saving behavior of enterprises are defined, marketing activity and competitiveness of products of high-tech enterprise are investigated. The components of energy-saving behavior of enterprises are outlined in the interpretation of representatives of various scientific economic schools and organizations. It was found that the energy-saving behavior of economic and social agents reflects the integrated observance of the principles of the concept of sustainable development, aimed at safe interaction with the environment and the preservation of energy resources. The methodical approach of product competitiveness formation aimed at compliance with marketing energy-saving values on the principles of using fuzzy logic theory is proposed. It is determined that the competitiveness of enterprises is formed under the influence of such components as: the economic efficiency of the organization of e-logistics service, the success of marketing activities of fifth-level logistics virtual operators, the level of market concentration, the volume of demand and supply. The marketing activity of the international concern Siemens AG (Germany) was investigated, in particular its sales volume by regions of the world. It was established that the sale of high-tech products and services in the European region, including Germany, plays a significant role in the marketing activities of the concern. Novelty. The methodological approach of product competitiveness formation, aimed at compliance with marketing energy-saving values on the principles of using the fuzzy logic theory, consists in taking into account the components of competitiveness, mapping the functional directions of logistics, logistics service, forming density, continuity of logistics flows, energy saving, during comparison with logistic linguistic variables, which positively affects obtaining competitive advantages of high-tech enterprises. Practical value. It is proposed to achieve the economic effect of increasing the competitiveness of products of high-tech engineering enterprises based on the application of two supporting approaches: competitive and logistical.

ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ПРИНЦИПІВ ПОБУДОВИ БАЗ ДАНИХ ЗРАЗКІВ ВИСОКОТЕХНОЛОГІЧНОЇ МАШИНОБУДІВНОЇ ПРОДУКЦІЇ НА ОСНОВІ БАЗОВОЇ МОДЕЛІ ДАНИХ NATO CALS

The need for the development of high-tech engineering in Ukraine requires the introduction of information technology at all stages of the life cycle of engineering products. This requires the implementation of the concept of Continuous Acquisition and Life-cycle Support (CALS), which has long been used in technologically advanced countries for the above purposes. Collection and processing of data generated by a sample of high-tech engineering products will be useful to reduce operating costs, increase service life, increase the speed of repair work, optimize according to various criteria of modernization of high-tech engineering products, promote the development of new similar samples of engineering products. The aim of the article is to determine the scientific basis for using the basic NATO CALS data model to build databases of samples of high-tech engineering products, including samples of weapons and military equipment. This goal is achieved by comparing the recommendations of NATO guidelines and Ukrainian opportunities to build information systems by machine-building enterprises and operators of their products. It is shown that the main theoretical approaches for building models of these samples of high-tech engineering products, given in the NATO guidelines on CALS-technologies and systems, are relevant. However, more modern and accessible tools are needed to build data models and database models, and the principles of semantic product breakdown and identification of entities, links and attributes can be taken from NATO guidelines almost without additions. As prospects for further research, it is proposed to conduct a comparative analysis of notations, modeling languages ​​and software products that implement them for modeling data of high-tech engineering products.

Sodium silicate-derived aerogels: effect of processing parameters on their applications.

Inorganic silica aerogels derived from sodium silicate are voluminous three-dimensional open networks with exceptional properties such as a density as low as ∼100 kg m−3, high porosity (∼99%), low thermal conductivity (∼0.01 W m−1 K−1), high specific surface area (∼1000 m2 g−1), low refractive index (∼1.05) and high optical transmittance (∼95%) depending on their preparation conditions. They are processed through the sol–gel route, which is a reliable methodology to produce high-grade porous materials. Ambient pressure drying has been developed as a low-cost route for the preparation of sodium silicate-derived aerogels, overcoming the difficulties with the use of organosilane precursors and super critical drying. Silica aerogels can be hydrophobic or hydrophilic depending on their synthetic procedure and surface silanol groups. Owing to their unusual properties, these inorganic aerogels have been applied in both commercial and high-tech engineering applications such as thermal insulation, separation, coatings, optics, nuclear particle detection, sensing, and catalysis. This review provides information on the unique features of a wide array of silica aerogels and their potential applications and recent developments in the field of science and technology.

Complex engineering object digital twins – power engineering smart transformation basic concept

The formation of information models and digital twins is a general element of the modern description of complex engineering objects. Their presence is already becoming a requirement of national and international technical regulation and contractual relations. The stage of forming separate digital twins within different stages of the life cycle has been passed and the approach has proven to be effective and in demand. The most striking example is BIM technologies. Now it is important to switch to complex end-to-end information models and digital twins for the full life cycle of complex engineering objects. This innovation becomes a universal tool for the interaction of all stakeholders in high-tech industries. Competence in technologies for working with complex information models and digital twins on the full life cycle of complex engineering objects is already a key competitive factor for high-tech engineering and operating companies in power production. This is a proactive trend in the formation of intellectual energy data space. It will lead to another cycle of improving the efficiency, safety, and economy of the industry and businesses.

Состояние машиностроения в современной российской экономике

Machine building is a leading industry in advanced countries. It provides many industries with machines and equipment as it is the main link in the system of intersectoral linkages. Innovations in engineering create the basis for increasing production and qualitative changes in the structure of industry, that creates a synergistic effect for the economy as a whole. Thus, it secures full employment for highly skilled employees, promotes the growth of the level of educational background of the population and contributes to the development of the scientific and technological potential of the country. However, underinvestment in innovation technologies and processes, a limited character of the import substitution model and an insufficient support of the export model greatly hinder rapid and effective development of the machine-building industry. Specific peculiarities of the machine building development such as R&D intensity, labor intensity, and the intensity of metal use, the need in cooperation and consumer orientation influence their geographic location. Despite the decline in the number of enterprises and employment in the machine-building industry, the industry’s contribution to the GVA is stable. At the same time, the state’s interest in the development of all sectors with high added value will influence the future of engineering. In statistics innovative activity in mechanical engineering began to be considered relatively recently. The highest rates of innovation are high-tech engineering. The state’s share in supporting innovation in both manufacturing and engineering is increasing. The coefficients of specialization are calculated for all Federal districts and each of the 85 subjects of the Federation for the period from 2007 to 2017. Calculations were carried out for all types of economic activity, according to the classifier of OKVED. The specialization industries for each of the regions are identified. The group of regions where engineering is concentrated is defined. These 19 regions did not change their industry of specialization during the analyzed period from 2008 to 2017.

Innovative Component in the Creation of the Most Outstanding Greenhouses in the World of XIX - XXI Centuries. At the Junction of Architecture and Engineering

The article examines the innovative contribution of architects and engineers to the design and construction of “translucent architecture”. Examples of the most outstanding greenhouses since the middle of the XIX century to the beginning of the XXI century, as well as materials on projects, realizations and modern use of these constructions published in the public domain are considered. Particular attention is paid to the facts of professional success from the biographies of architects, engineers and entrepreneurs who created innovative buildings of “translucent architecture” during this period. It is concluded that the latest architectural and constructive solutions are connected with the paradigm shift in the XXI century, modern scientific achievements and high-tech engineering. The source of inspiration for the transfer of natural principles in architectural solutions are the factors of the latest innovative achievements of architecture and civil engineering.

Critical voltage, thermal buckling and frequency characteristics of a thermally affected GPL reinforced composite microdisk covered with piezoelectric actuator

Due to the remarkable progress in the field of the manufacturing process, smart composites have become the desired target for high-tech engineering applications. Accordingly, for the first time, thermal buckling, critical voltage and vibration response of a thermally affected graphene nanoplatelet reinforced composite (GPLRC) microdisk in the thermal environment are explored with the aid of generalized differential quadrature method (GDQM). Also, the current microstructure is coupled with a piezoelectric actuator (PIAC). The extended form of Halpin-Tsai micromechanics is used to acquire the elasticity of the structure, whereas, the variation of thermal expansion, Poisson’s ratio, and density through the thickness direction is determined by the rule of mixtures. Hamilton’s principle is implemented to establish governing equations and boundary conditions of the GPLRC microdisk joint with a PIAC. The compatibility conditions are satisfied by taking perfect bonding between the core and PIAC into consideration. Maxwell’s equation is employed to capture the piezoelectricity effects. The numerical results revealed the important role of distribution patterns and weight fraction of GPL (), non-dimensional piezoelectric thickness (hp /h), outer to the inner ratio of the radius () and applied voltage on the frequency behavior, critical voltage and thermal buckling of the system. Another valuable consequence is that the influence of the parameter is hardly dependent on the value of the temperature changes (). The favorable suggestion of this survey is that for optimized designing of the GPLRC microsized circular plate should pay special attention to pattern 3 of the GPLs, because in this pattern by increasing the parameter the critical voltage of the structure increases but for other patterns of GPL, this phenomenon is inverse.

Стратегічні пріоритети розвитку підприємств з виробництва складного обладнання

Market relations and the world market competitiveness highlight the necessity to analyze strategic priorities of the state economic security. The methods of evaluation and the tools of economic security improvement in the high-tech economic sector are important. The necessity of public management in the industry of the global high-tech engineering is caused by the features of the industry and its goal to ensure the state economic security. The analysis of Ukrainian and foreign experience reveals that internal and external environment instability influences the developmental parameters of the industry significantly. The purpose of the study is to determine the strategic priorities of high-tech industries development based on the experience of Zorya-Mashproekt Gas Turbine Research and Development Complex. The methods of retrospective and strategic analyses, the study of global market of serial gas turbine engines, and the analysis of technological and organizational managerial decisions made by the enterprise allowed the authors to rationale the model of strategic management of a public enterprise. As a result, the competitiveness of the enterprise’s products in the world high-tech industries market is justified. Considering that Zorya-Mashproekt Gas Turbine Research and Development Complex is an enterprise, which ensures Ukrainian national security, inexpediency of its urgent privatization is rationalized as well. The technical and technological methods used by the enterprise to increase the production capacity and turbine export are analyzed. The authors determine such principles of possible privatization of the strategic enterprise as the effective controlling interest owned by the government; keeping and increasing the production capacity of the enterprise to promote the image of a strategic Ukrainian business entity; implementation of the enterprise profile activity under the government control, regarding its accountability and shared responsibility to prevent possible white collar crimes. Such an approach would allow the enterprise to keep a balance of governmental interests and high-tech market conditions. The necessity of the governmental financial aid for the high-tech economic sector, including Zorya-Mashproekt, is rationalized. The strategic elements of the development of high-tech industries in Ukraine are determined.

КОЛЛАБОРАТИВНЫЕ ВЗАИМОДЕЙСТВИЯ РЕГИОНАЛЬНЫХ МАШИНОСТРОИТЕЛЬНЫХ ПРЕДПРИЯТИЙ КАК ФАКТОР СТИМУЛИРОВАНИЯ ИМПОРТОЗАМЕЩЕНИЯ

The purpose of this study is to show justification of economic collaboration as a factor stimulating the implementation of the import substitution strategy in mechanical engineering. The development of economic collaboration, as a consequence of modern forms of networking in industry, forms a relational space and, by increasing the intensity of technological exchange of enterprises, accelerates the development of high-tech engineering products, including the import-substituting ones. The article highlights the factors influencing the implementation of import substitution in mechanical engineering. The following factors have been chosen as the main factors under investigation: the level of integration interaction in mechanical engineering; the level of technological exchange in the economy; the share of import-export exchange in mechanical engineering; the share of innovative products in the volume of industrial products; the degree of wear and tear of fixed assets in industry. Based on the obtained statistical assessments and selected factors, an econometric multiple regression model has been built. The importance of the factor of technological agreements in the implementation of import substitution is revealed. On the basis of the econometric equation of the model, the approximate economic effect of a decrease in the share of imports in mechanical engineering in the form of budgetary receipts, due to an increase in the volume of industrial production, is calculated. The study has been conducted using the statistical data of the Kaliningrad mechanical engineering complex for the period of 2001 through 2019.

Effect of Teamwork on Employee Performance in High-Tech Engineering SMEs of Pakistan: A Moderating Role of Supervisor Support

Effect of Teamwork on Employee Performance in High-Tech Engineering SMEs of Pakistan: A Moderating Role of Supervisor Support

High-tech small digital manufacturing in mechanical engineering

The article proposes creation of small high-tech engineering enterprises, which, in the context of a complete transition to digital technologies, will be able to solve effectively specific technological problems of large industrial enterprises and corporations. An example of an existing small digital enterprise is considered, where the technology for manufacturing foundry equipment for producing flat ingots for UC RUSAL is developed and implemented. Digital technologies are described using aggregation elements that were introduced during the modernization of the 6M610 longitudinally milling machine.

Realities of Ukrainian industrial enterprises on the way to smartization

Introduction. The onset of the Fourth Industrial Revolution is already affecting all processes of humanity, in all spheres, at all levels. The industry is the driving force behind sustainable development. However, with technological advances in a few years, a completely new era will emerge that will change significant business processes, introduce new business models, use scarce resources and economically adapted products. Ukrainian enterprises do not stand aside from this process, but they do little to investigate the extent to which Ukrainian enterprises are ready for FIRs to emerge. The purpose of the paper is to explore the achievements of Ukrainian industrial enterprises on the road to smartization. Results. The Fourth Industrial Revolution is expected to turn manufacturing into a driving force for global development radically. Ukraine does not stand aside: in September 2015, at the 70th session of the UN General Assembly in New York, the UN Summit on Sustainable Development and the Adoption of the Post-2015 Development Agenda approved new benchmarks. Ukraine, like other UN member states, has joined the global process of sustainable development. To establish a strategic framework for Ukraine's national development for the period up to 2030, an inclusive process of adapting sustainable development goals has been initiated on the basis of the principle "No one left alone". Each global objective was considered in light of the specific nature of national development. Many goals have the same vector orientation as in the Fourth Industrial Revolution. Industry 4.0 movement in Ukraine was also created. Thus, we see that Ukraine is also moving towards the implementation of CRD, namely to promote the development and use of innovation; economical use of resources (conversion of production that requires fewer resources, more efficient and re-use); increasing the technological potential of industrial sectors. Promoting the rapid development of high- and medium-high-tech areas of manufacturing and high-tech engineering should be noted among national specifics. Conclusion. In Ukraine, on the one hand, few existing technologies that provide high productivity, on the other hand, are above reasonable and highly skilled human resources that are currently being used by other countries. Thus, Ukraine needs to take advantage of the window of opportunity - to apply "jumping". However, even if one country or one company in the country accepts the choice to jump, it should be carefully managed because it has both potential and risks. That is, "jumping" must be reasonable, smart.

Influence of life cycle stages of high-tech engineering enterprises on personnel management strategies

In scientific research provides a rationale for the influence of the life cycle stages of high-tech engineering enterprises on personnel management strategies. It was proved that most of these enterprises are at the stages of stable operation, growth or crisis conditions. Their main intellectual and production reserve was formed in the years of the planned economy. Based on the analysis of management approaches at these stages of the life cycle of organizations, tools have been proposed for improving the personnel management system. The main ones should be the strengthening of social partnership, change in corporate culture and orientation towards optimization of personnel and expenses for them.

Multi-directional functionally graded materials for enhancing the durability of shell structures

Uni-directional functionally graded materials (FGMs) providing a relative change in terms of material properties have been implemented in many high-tech engineering applications, including shells and plates. As a new concept, multi-directional FGMs highlight the emergence of modern materials design in the development of multi-functional materials. Pressure vessels made of materials varying in the radial direction have been comprehensively studied. In some practical instances, however, tailored grading of material properties is required in other directions. Shells with bi-dimensional FGM properties can present practical problems arising from excessive temperature gradients and extreme deflections. In this work, asymmetric deformations of two-directional FG pressure vessels under the effect of thermo-mechanical loads are studied numerically, taking advantage of Fourier and polynomial quadrature methods. Unlike most published research on this topic, we assume that the material properties of the shell are graded in the radial and axial directions obeying an exponential formulation, leading to a more accurate simulation of the real work condition. Governing equations are formulated based on three-dimensional elasticity theory, discretised into the series form, and then the resulting equations are solved. To evaluate the accuracy and superiority of this approach, numerical results are obtained and compared with exact solutions for material properties defined by the power law and are found to be in good agreement. In the results section, it is shown that variations of the grading parameter, temperature shock, geometry profile and boundary conditions play important roles in the distribution of stress, displacement and temperature fields. In the context of the thermoelastic theory of shells and plates, the results of this work will provide a reliable database for design engineers to choose a desirable material property function, changing throughout different directions of the geometry, to mitigate thermal stresses, which should be as small and uniform as possible.

An Engineering Technology Problem-Solving Approach for Modifying Student Mathematics-Related Beliefs: Building a Robot to Solve a Rubik’s Cube

This paper shows an alternative to the traditional teaching approach, focusing on the application of a STE(A)M-based learning methodology. In particular, we present an engineering technology problem-solving approach to encourage and motivate the mathematics learning of high school students by promoting positive beliefs about this subject. We report on qualitative data from a group of seven students and two teachers, who developed high-tech engineering projects during a two-year period, applying mathematical concepts and procedures. This data is part of a quasi-experimental study carried out with more than one hundred Spanish students. The findings revealed that solving problems in an engineering technology context helps to develop a practical sense of the applicability of mathematics, generating students’ positive beliefs about this discipline.

Organizational-economic mechanism of regional development of high-tech engineering

The article contains a study on the prospective tendencies and problems of the development of science-intensive enterprises of rocket and space engineering. Information base of statistical interpretation of results, using methods of logical analysis, synthesis of information and graphical interpretation of results. It was revealed that the primary tasks in the development of science-intensive enterprises of the rocket and space machine-building are the instability of financial results, the state monopoly on organizational design and ensuring the increase in the quality of products. It was proved that the development of rocket and space machine-building enterprises requires improvement of the levers and methods of state regulation of the industry and attraction of private investors. It is also necessary to concentrate all functions and levers of management of the space industry, especially in terms of financial flows, product quality, control of production activities.

НАУКОЕМКОСТЬ И ИННОВАЦИОННОЕ РАЗВИТИЕ ПРЕДПРИЯТИЙ МАШИНОСТРОЕНИЯ

The article presents the research of knowledge intensity and innovative development of the mechanical engineering enterprises. The development degree of mechanical engineering is a measure of industrialization of the world economy. The level of implementing the advanced technologies and innovations into production activity of the mechanical engineering enterprises has been found not to meet the criterion of progress, which current rates concede to economies of the developed countries. Fragmentation approaches to identify sectors hamper revealing and justifying the knowledge-based mechanical engineering and requires the criteria concretization for this sub-sector. The identifying criteria for high-tech machinery should be taken from the other economic branches, such as personnel, cost, process, product, technology, complex or integral. In international practice, high-tech industries are referred to the service sector. It has been stated that the current practice involves using the category of “knowledge intensity” as applied to production and should be explained by the wrong interpretation from foreign publications, as well as by the concept of “capacity”, which in this case acts as a measure of consumption of the results of science, research and development. In terms of the industry criterion, the science-intensive engineering enterprises should include machine-tool construction, electrical engineering, instrumentation, aircraft engineering and rocket and space engineering, which have a significant research and development reserve in the production. As a result of the analysis, it has been found that the development of science-intensive engineering enterprises requires attracting investment, expanding the scope of research and development and production, improving approaches to state regulation of the industry, as well as taking into account trends in global development and the rate of technological inflation. The need to stimulate the demand for high-tech engineering products by improving their quality and competitiveness, organizational and economic measures, updating technology and improving the reproductive function that provides these processes has been proved.

Organizational-economic mechanism of regional development of high-tech engineering

The article presents a study on the assessment of the impact of science-intensive machine building on the development of the regional economy and increasing its competitiveness. Based on the analysis of foreign sources, a theoretical justification was given for increasing the regional competitiveness of the economy. The tools of regional support of enterprises of science-intensive machine building and the model of the organizational and economic mechanism for regional development of science-intensive machine building were proposed. It has been proven that the development of science-intensive machine building influences the competitiveness of the region.

Water is life, life is water: (Un)sustainable use and management of water in the 21st century

Few issues have a greater impact on our lives than water. Water is a paradox: seemingly it is abundant and renewable resource, whereas only a tiny amount of it can be accessed and drinkable. Moreover, global water resources are unevenly distributed and many of them have been contaminated. Millions of people struggle with water scarcity, many times leading to water related international conflicts. Water is an international public good, with CPR and collective action problems, calling for international cooperation and actions to solve. Well-developed ancient civilizations have disappeared because of human environmental degradation, bad resource management and related socio-political problems. We should learn the lessons from our ancestors therefore wisely manage our natural resources. Such socio-cultural aspects as sustainable water governance, policy and communication can be as important as high-tech engineering for human survival from a historic perspective. Our paper is a theoretical overview and analysis of the most challenging water related issues and problems, providing theoretical as well as practical, policy oriented solutions in the end.