High-tech Development Zone Research Articles

Heterogeneous impacts of China's economic and development zone program

AbstractThis paper examines the impact of economic and development zones (EDZs) on the productivity of incumbent firms in China. To deal with the selection issue, I first take into account potentially different selection mechanisms across two popular types of EDZs—economic and technological development zones (ETDZs) and high‐tech development zones (HTDZs)—by relying on multiple treatment propensity scores matching techniques. Next, I apply the difference‐in‐differences estimator to the matched sample and conduct an event study analysis. The results show that the respective effects of ETDZs and HTDZs on firm productivity are positive, but subject to a nonlinear trend over time. The size of the productivity gains depends critically on the type of EDZ, however. A new HTDZ (ETDZ) leads to an average productivity gain of up to 30.2% (18.4%) for incumbent firms in the 5 years after the zone was created. These findings suggest that the size of productivity spillovers for spatially targeted firms differ quite significantly depending on the strategic development and policy goals of the EDZ: HTDZs that focus on promoting indigenous‐based factors of learning lead to higher productivity spillovers compared with ETDZs that focus on promoting extra‐local linkages.

김정은 정권의 첨단기술개발구 추진실태에 대한 연구 : 『경제연구』를 중심으로

김정은 정권의 첨단기술개발구 추진실태에 대한 연구 : 『경제연구』를 중심으로

Association between serum uric acid and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in community patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

BackgroundTo investigate whether SUA is associated with NAFLD in men and women with T2DM.MethodsThis cross-sectional study enrolled patients with T2DM at Shanxi High-Tech Development Zone Central Hospital (June 2011 to September 2017). Patients were stratified according to gender and presence/absence of NAFLD. Parameters associated with NAFLD were identified using multivariate stepwise linear regression and univariate/multivariate logistic regression.ResultsAmong 597 patients (325 males) enrolled, 352 had NAFLD. SUA was higher in the NAFLD group than in the non-NAFLD group for both men and women (P < 0.001). Multiple linear regression showed that body mass index (positively), triglycerides (positively) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (negatively) were independently related to SUA (P < 0.001). Univariate logistic regression revealed increased odds of NAFLD for SUA tertiles 2 (P = 0.022) and 3 (P = 0.001) in women and tertile 3 (P = 0.039) in men. After adjustment for multiple clinical parameters, SUA tertiles were significantly associated with NAFLD for tertile 3 in women (P = 0.014), although there were trends toward associations for tertile 2 in women (P = 0.074) and tertiles 2 and 3 in men (P = 0.085 and 0.054, respectively).ConclusionSUA is not independently associated with NAFLD in men or women with T2DM after rigorous adjustment for other metabolic parameters.

중국 특별경제지역 제도 연구 - 신구, 경제기술개발구, 고신기술산업개발구를 중심으로 -

특별경제지역(Special Economic Zone)이란 중앙정부가 외국인 투자유치 활성화를 위해 지정한 특별경제특구. 외국인 투자자에게는 법인세가 면제되며 토지, 직원교육 프로그램, 경비 등이 지원된 지역을 의미하며, 세계 각국은 자국의 경제발전과 특정 지역의 발전을 위한 종합적인 목적으로 경제특구 내지 경제자유구역 등의 정책을 시행하고 있다.BR 1978년 12월 중국은 대외개방을 천명한 제11기 중앙위원회 제3차 전체회의 이후 시장기능을 적극 도입함으로써 “중국특색의 사회주의 시장경제 건설”을 통한 경제발전을 이루기 위해 노력해 왔다. 1980년에는 4개의 경제특구를 구축하기 시작하였다. 1984년에 14개의 연해 도시를 개방하고, 1985년 후에도 연해 도시의 경제 개방을 지속화하였으며, 1988년에는 하이난성이 특구로 지정되었다. 1990년대의 개발은 상하이 푸동신구를 개방하고, 일부 장강 연안의 도시를 폭넓게 개방하였다. 그리고 푸동을 선두로 하여 장강지역의 경제개방을 형성한 후 현재까지 다양한 특별경제지역을 운영하고 있다.BR 중국의 특별경제지역에는 경제특구 이외에도 신구, 경제기술개발구, 고신기술개발구, 보세구등 세관특별관리지역, 변경/국경지역(跨竟)경제합작구, 기타 유형의 개발구 및 각종 지방급 개발구 등이 있다.BR 본 연구에서는 다양한 특구 제도를 운영하여 30년 이상 지속적으로 시행하고 있는 중국의 특별경제지역 중 신구, 경제기술개발구, 고신기술산업개발구의 운영현황을 살펴보고 관련 법제를 분석하여 현재 한국에서 운영되고 있는 경제자유구역의 활성화 방안을 모색해보고자 한다.

Heterogenous Impacts of China's Economic and Development Zone Program

This paper evaluates the causal relationship between economic and development zones (EDZs) and the productivity of a large sample of incumbent firms in China. I take into account possible different selection mechanisms across two popular types of EDZs – economic and technological development zones (ETDZs) and high-tech development zones (HTDZs) – by relying on multiple treatment propensity scores matching techniques. Applying a difference-in-differences estimator to the matched sample, the main findings are as follows. First, compared to non-targeted firms, a new HTDZ increase productivity gains, on average, of up to 20.8% for incumbent firms in the five years after the zone was created, compared to 16.2% for incumbent firms in a new ETDZ. Second, compared to non-targeted firms, lower productivity firms benefit less compared to their higher productivity counterparts from the creation of a new ETDZ (or HTDZ), at least initially, but subsequently go on to exhibit larger learning effects in later years. Third, being located in an area with a higher local industrial relatedness initially increases the magnitude of productivity spillovers in both types of EDZs, due to better access to input-output linkages, labor pooling and knowledge spillovers. These findings suggest that the size of productivity spillovers for spatially targeted firms differ quite significantly depending on the strategic development and policy goals of the EDZ, as well as by the firm’s own characteristics and location.

OPERATION OF NEW AND HIGH-TECH DEVELOPMENT ZONE – “CHINA-SINGAPORE SUZHOU INDUSTRIAL PARK”

Systematic work of the higher authorities of China on achievement and implementation of generally valid aims in the field of science and technology allowed the People’s Republic of China to reach intense innovative advancement of its conomy. New and High-Tech Development Zones form the basis of the national innovative infrastructure in China, the most successful of which is China-Singapore Suzhou Industrial Park (hereinafter – the Park). The Park can be characterized as a flagship project of cooperation between the governments of China and Singapore, pilot zone of reforms and innovations, successful model of international cooperation. The aim of the foundation and development of the Park is creation of innovative world class productions and setting up new international district with modern information and technology infrastructure and environmentally-friendly neighborhood. The article presents the process of formation of the Park’s management system and its interaction with the public authorities as well as the main principles of its organizational structure. Current social-economic development results and advancement of favorable conditions for investors are analyzed. Special emphasis is given to the concept of development of the industrial ecology observed by the Park’s management. The examples of intensive growth of infrastructure are given: creation of demonstration zones and experimental areas, building of social facilities. The emphasis is given to the constant development of the Park’s human resources. The project represents a new model of international economic and technical cooperation of China with other nations.

Structure Model and Developing Rules of Space Form Evolution of Xi'an High-Tech Industries Development Zone

The paper analyzed development process of Xian high-tech industries development Zone. Summarizes the structure model of space form evolution of Xian high-tech zone as six stages: Growing point gatheringDispersion; Growth axis formingCircle domain; Point axis stretchExtension; Leaping growthNew points; Introverted fillingInflation; Circle differentiationFusion. At last, combined with the process of cell division theory, the paper puts forward developing rules of spatial form evolution of Xian high-tech zone as the process of cell fission of four stages: Space structural change of the geographic distribution in initial development periodIndustry zone of single function; Space structural change of the geographic distribution in accelerated development periodComprehensive industrial zone of specialization accumulated; Space structural change of the geographic distribution in high speed development periodGroup service center of complex new town; Space structural change of the geographic distribution in the futureSub-center of city.

Interaction Analysis among Industrial Parks, Innovation Input, and Urban Production Efficiency

The high-tech development zones engendered by industrial parks reflect policies that rely on city settings to create industrialization through urbanization in China. To understand the effectiveness of such policies, this article regards the city and park as the spatial unit of economic output. The production efficiency of the city and industrial park and their mutual impact are explored through the input of various production elements operating in a specific space. In addition, as innovation is an important factor affecting efficiency, this investigation explores the overall impact of innovation input on the production efficiency of the city and park. The results show that production efficiency realized for large cities has not been as high as was generally expected and that small cities showed modest efficiency gains. Critically, the calculation of production efficiency in this study simultaneously accounts for both input and output, revealing the decreasing returns-to-scale and, in some cases, the production inefficiencies that can be caused by the excessively large scale of the city and park. The high-tech industrial development zone will not greatly affect the production efficiency of the city. However, the precise degree of the park’s impact on the production efficiency of the city cannot be verified. This indicates the presence of other factors that will affect the production efficiency of the city; and innovation input does enhance production efficiency. This investigation uses input for testing. When production yields increasing returns-to-scale, it indicates insufficient input of production elements, and policies encouraging investment of production elements should be strengthened. Production showing decreasing returns-to-scale is connected to excessive input of production elements, and policies governing the input of production elements should be carefully assessed.

POEM 2008 makes its debut a success

On November 24–27th 2008, the first Photonics and Optoelectronics Meetings (POEM 2008), organized by Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO), was held in Wuhan Science and Technology Convention and Exhibition Center, Wuhan, China. The POEM 2008, in conjunction with the 8th International Symposium on Optical Storage/2008 International Workshop on Information Data Storage (ISOS/IWIDS 2008), and the International Conference on Photonics and Imaging in Biology and Medicine (PIBM 2008), consists of a plenary session, six parallel sessions, industry seminars, technology and talent exchange, and a consulting seminar of developing strategy. It has four conference chairs: Dr. Chaohui Ye, Director of WNLO and member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS); Dr. Bingkun Zhou, Professor of Tsinghua University, member of CAS; Dr. Britton Chance, Academician of six countries, Professor of the University of Pennsylvania and 2008 Friendship Award Winner of the Chinese Government; and Dr. Victor V. Apollonov, member of the Russian Academy of Sciences and Director of A. M. Prohorov General Physics Institute. There are 12 academicians from home and abroad attending the conference including Dr. Aaron Ciechanover, 2004 winner of the Nobel Prize in chemistry, Dr. Bernd Wilhelmi, member of Germany Leopodina and the former Soviet Union Academy of Sciences, Dr. Paul Ching-wu Chu, president of Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, the U.S. chief scientist in physics of the University of Houston, academician of three countries, etc. On November 24th, about 10 national and local governmental leaders attended the plenary session and 5 worldrenown experts, including Dr. Aaron Ciechanover, Dr. Victor V. Apollonov, Dr. Dieter Stefan Jager, Prof. Ian H. White, and Prof. Xicheng Zhang gave presentations. Also, Dr. Paul Ching-wu Chu was invited to give a talk on “The spirit of science and practice” and Prof. TsutomuMiyasaka, Director of the Graduate School of Engineering of Toin University of Yokohama gave a report in WNLO. Over 600 representatives from more than 10 countries attended the conference including 30 people from abroad. To promote the construction and development of the WNLO, strengthen the connection between the WNLO and “Wuhan $Optics Valley of China (WOVC)”, the “Consulting Seminar of Developing Strategy on WOVC and WNLO” was held in the afternoon of November 24th. Well-known scholars, business executives and department leaders from home and abroad discussed the overall plan and present status of the industry development of WOVC, the interactive relationship between WOVC and WNLO and layout of the developing strategy of WNLO. During the meeting, a cooperation agreement on the Wuhan East Lake High-Tech Development Zone supporting the development of WNLO was signed. The conference mainly focused on six topics — fiber optical communication and sensors, laser technology and applications, optical storage and new storage technology, optoelectronic devices and integration, Tera-Hertz science and technology, and photonics and imaging in biology and medicine. Rich content of oral and invited presentations, plenary discussion, short courses, hot topics, best student award and student-focused poster session were presented on the conference. Latest achievements on the frontier of the field are published on the conference. On November 25th, experts of optical data storage attended a new product’s release meeting — Next-generation Versatile Disk (NVD). A new generation red light high-definition products from WOVC will be on the market for sale soon. 734 papers including 348 oral presentations and 386 posters were contributed. At noon of November 27th, after a

Studies on Spillover of Scientific and Technological Knowledge in High-tech Industry Clusters---Taking Jinan High-tech Development Zone for Example

To achieve the second pioneering in high-tech development zone, it should vigorously develop high-tech industrial clusters to make a breakthrough. Only on the basis of industry clusters, by the establishment of an effective platform for science and technology innovation, through the vigorous support of technology with general character in industrial clusters, can improve the technological innovation capability of industrial clusters. Taking the industrial clusters in high-tech development zone in Jinan for example, the thesis has analyzed the inevitability of the spillover of scientific and technological knowledge. The results of analysis have supported the point of view that the strategy of scientific and technological innovation in the high-tech development zones should be based on the industrial clusters.

An empirical investigation into the impact of firm's capabilities on competitiveness and performance

Equipped with the resource-based view and network perspective, a theoretical model is built on the basis of three constructs: firm's capabilities, involving technology capability, marketing capability and network capability; competitiveness; and performance. Drawing upon a sample of 215 optoelectronic firms in Wuhan East Lake High-Tech Development Zone in PR China, results of a LISREL analysis indicate that firm's capabilities affect competitiveness which in turn affects performance. Network capability has been shown to have significant influences on technology capability and marketing capability. In addition, the relationship between technology capability and marketing capability is positive and appears to be reinforced by each other.

Creative Industries in Beijing: Initial Thoughts

This article reports on current developments within “creative industries” in Beijing. The article discusses Dashanzi Art District and the Created in China Industrial Alliance in relation to such issues as labor, intellectual-property regimes, real-estate speculation, high-tech development zones, promotional cultures and the global variability of neoliberal capitalism. The article maintains that creative industries, as realizations of a policy concept undergoing international dissemination, are most accurately understood as cultural practices in trans-local settings that overlap with larger national and geopolitical forces.

Regional Development Scheme in China Using the Functions of University

China has been experiencing rapid transitions since economic reforms in 1978, the results of the reform have shown wide regional disparity. As China looks to sustain the past success of economic growth and poverty reduction in 21st century, it needs to make major changes in its development strategy in order to fulfill its national development targets. This paper studies the economic development situation of eastern, central, western regions in China, and the functions of Chinese universities, which include education, research and contribution to the society. A new Chinese innovation system has been emerging in terms of university-run enterprise. In recent years, science parks, incubators, and high-tech development zones have been provided with strong incentives. The commitment of Chinese government to further introduce a market economy has been elaborated with a focus on the relations between university and industry. The operation mechanism of Chinese university-run enterprise has special characteristics, which are government support, relying on university, market mechanism, and industry movement. As human society enters the knowledge and information age, education is expected to play an increasingly important role and it gives driving force to regional economic development of China by using of the functions of university.

University—Industry—Government Relations in China

Since 1992, a new Chinese innovation system has been emerging in terms of university–industry–government relations. In recent years, science parks, incubators, and high-tech development zones have been provided with strong incentives. The commitment of the Chinese government to the further introduction of a market economy has been elaborated with a focus on the knowledge base. The model of institutional adjustments has been replaced with systemic and evolutionary thinking about niche development and human resource management. Government interventions remain important for interfacing knowledge-based developments with those on the market. For example, new legislation on issues relating to intellectual property rights is crucial for the absorption of venture capital into these developments.