High Taste Qualities Research Articles

Design of specialized workshops to produce homogenized vegetable pastes and marinades for agriculture

Recently, in Krasnoyarsk, there has been an increased demand for local plant products, in particular, for vegetable pastes and marinades. An important aspect is the fact that the products should be as useful as possible, have high taste qualities and be from local producers. This article proposes the idea of opening a shop for the production of homogenized pastes and marinades from local vegetables with the addition of squeezed cowberries and cranberries with enhanced microbiological resistance for implementation in the food industry.

Rootstock effect on physico-chemical properties and content of bioactive compounds of four cultivars Cornelian cherry fruits

There is a growing interest in the fruits called 'superfoods' (functional foods). These fruits are characterized by a high content of bioactive substances and high taste qualities. Four cultivars of Cornelian cherry were planted on rootstock or on own-root. The Cornus amomum seedlings used as a rootstock significantly reduced the size of the cornelian cherry trees. The rootstock should not negatively affect the quality of the fruit, and even it would be advisable to increase their consumer value. Had to varying degrees an impact on the content of macro and micronutrients in the leaves and fruit and their mass. The fruit weight was in the range of 156 g (‘Schönbrunner’) – 477 g (‘Jolico’), and firmness 129 Gmm−1 (‘Jolico’), 211 Gmm−1 (‘Shumen’). The fruits were yellow ('Yellow') to dark red ('Jolico'). Cornelian cherry 'Jolico' from rootstock were characterized by higher inhibition of antidiabetic enzymes (α-amylase IC50 4.17, α-glucosidase IC50 13.25) and free-radical scavenging activity (DPPH 40.9 μmol g-1, ABTS+ 48.7 μmol g-1). However, the fruits of ‘Jolico’ from rootstock showed a significantly increased content of anthocyanin (871.46 mg100 g−1). 'Jolico' in rootstock was characterized by a much higher content of polyphenolic compounds (1750.6 mg100 g−1) and total anthocyanin (871.46 mg100 g-1) compared to the other tested Cornelian cherry cultivars. Rootstock did not have an influence on the creation of total flavanols, total polyphenols, and total hydroxycinnamic acid compounds in comparison to own-rot plants.

НОВЫЕ ЗИМНИЕ СОРТА ЯБЛОНИ СЕЛЕКЦИИ ВНИИСПК (ПОПУЛЯРИЗАЦИЯ СЕЛЕКЦИОННЫХ ДОСТИЖЕНИЙ)

Apple cultivars of the new generation are characterized by valuable qualities that the former cultivars did not have. So, columnar cultivars are characterized by exceptional precocity, which makes it possible to obtain an economic harvest in the 3rd year after planting with one-year-old seedlings. They can also increase fruit production several times per unit area. For the first time in Russia and in the world, a series of triploid cultivars has been created on the basis of intervalent crossings 2x x 4x, which are characterized by greater regularity of fruiting over the years, high marketability of fruits and increased self-fertility. Scab immune apple cultivars create a more favorable ecological environment in the garden, making the fruits cleaner in sanitary terms. Triploid and columnar cultivars having immunity to scab are more valuable for production. Some cultivars of the new generation described in this paper have these valuable qualities. Columnar scab immune cultivars Girlianda and Zvezda Efira have high precocity, productivity and high fruit qualities. A triploid scab immune cultivar Mars is characterized by regular and abundant fruiting, its fruit are of high commercial and taste qualities that can be stored until mid-March. A triploid cultivar Ministr Kisilev has a regular high yield and marketability of fruits (170 g) with high sugar content in the fruit. A triploid scab immune cultivar Trener Petrov is characterized by regular fruiting, marketability, attractive appearance and good taste of fruit. The introduction of five apple cultivars of the new generation into production will enrich the existing apple assortment in central Russia.

EFFECT OF STORAGE DURATION FOR ORGANOLEPTIC INDICATORS OF CANNED TOMATOES

Preservation of tomatoes takes place by appropriate preparation of raw materials, packing in a container and sealing it with subsequent heat treatment. In the course of our studies on the suitability of new varieties for canning, we noted that all varieties reacted differently to heat treatment. For example, the forward variety, which has high taste qualities, had a sugar-acid index of 8,44, compared to 7,04-7,51 in other varieties, the tasting commission was estimated at 3,1-4,6 points, which is lower than other varieties, due to cracking of the skin of the fetus. After a year of storage, the sugar and acid index, depending on the variant, was 9,18-9,93, which indicates high taste qualities of the fruit. It was noted that the higher flavor qualities, regardless of the storage time, were in option 2. For the varieties Festive, Carat and Forward, the best was option 3. By the end of storage, it was 11,82 for the Festive variety, 10,51 for the variety Karat and 11,98 from Forward. According to the sugar-acid index of all the varieties studied, we distinguished Forward. We found that the sugar-acid index was higher than the taste, both before and after canning, in all varieties, indicating their high taste qualities. A higher score was given to variants 1 (control), 3 and 4. In variant 5, a sharper smell of garlic was noted.

Лучшие зимние сорта яблони селекции ВНИИСПК для производства

The history of systematic purposeful apple breeding at the Orel Fruit and Berry Experimental Station (now the Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding) is briefl y described. At the fi rst stage of the work North-American and folk breeding varieties were widely used in hybridization. At present, the main objectives in apple breeding are: 1) the creation of triploid varieties; 2) the development of scab immune varieties (V f ); 3) the creation of columnar varieties. Over 50 apple varieties have already been created and included in the State register of breeding achievements admitted for use, including 11 summer varieties, 5 autumn varieties and 30 winter varieties. Brief economical and biological characteristics of 30 zoned winter varieties and 10 winter varieties passing the state testing are given. Apple winter varieties with fruits that can be keeping in storage until the end of February and even until the end of May are of particular value. Such varieties were described previously: Aleksandr Boiko, Blagodat, Vavilovskoye and Ministr Kisilev. In this article the varieties Veniaminovskoye, Veteran, Den Pobedy, Ivanovskoye, Kulikovskoye, Svezhest, Sinap Orlovsky and Stroevskoye are described in more details. Scab immune variety Veniaminovskoye bears beautiful fruit with high taste qualities and these fruit are capable to be stored till the end of February. Fruit of the Veteran variety have got high taste estimation and are capable to to be stored till middle March without losing their commodity qualities. Triploidy variety Den Pobedy is characterized by high commodity and consumer qualities of fruit that are capable to be stored till March. Scab immune variety Svezhest is characterized by the longest keeping quality of fruit. The fruit of this variety are stored till late May and longer. The fruit of well-known variety Sinap Orlovsky are capable to be stored till May having high taste qualities. The introduction of apple varieties with a long-term keeping quality of fruit will contribute to providing the population with fresh fruit almost all year round.

Новый сорт смородины черной Шаман

The article gives the morphological, biological and economic characteristics of the new blackcurrant variety of Shaman breeding at the Sverdlovsk horticultural breeding station. The variety was revealed for high adaptive properties to abio- and biotic factors, high taste qualities of berries, stable yield, large-fruited. The new variety of black currant Shaman has been zoned in the Volga- Vyatka region since 2018.

НОВІ ВИДИ ФЕРМЕНТОВАНОЇ ПРОДУКЦІЇ З БАКЛАЖАНА

The results of researches on the development of experimental formulations on new types of fermented egg-plant products with high taste properties, which have an increased biological value due to the addition of fungi and fried vegetables, are presented to expand the existing assortment of salt and kvass products in the domestic market. Egg-plant fruits are a valuable food product that provides the human body with a complex of vitamins, organic acids and mineral compounds. On taste, the fruits of egg-plant are in high demand in the Ukrainian population. In the conditions of harvesting and maturation, the fruits of egg-plant can not be stored for a long time; therefore, to reduce the losses, it is necessary to process vegetable raw materials of various types of canned food and salt, which is an important step in solving the problem of consumption of vegetables by the population throughout the year. In the manufacture of canned products requires sterilization (heat treatment at a temperature above 100 ºС), resulting in the loss of nutrients that are necessary for human nutrition especially in the winter. Pickles relate to the microbiological preservation method, which is based on the creation of natural preservatives - lactic acid or alcohol. Due to its preservative properties, lactic acid prevents the activity of rotting microorganisms and makes it possible to preserve without heat treatment. The development of undesirable micro flora is observed only at the beginning of fermentation especially, with the slow accumulation of lactic acid in saline raw materials. Correct fermentation and determines the quality of the finished product. Improving the quality of finished products is one of the main tasks of the processing industry. The research work was carried out on the basis of theInstituteofVegetableand Melons of the National Academy of Sciences ofUkraine. Experimental variants of the recipes of the fermented products were made from the Prime grade, selection of theInstituteofVegetableand Melons, NAAS. The worked out parameters of optimum conditions of fermentation in the creation of new types of salt and sour products, which positively influenced the quality of fermented products. Patents for the utility model have been obtained and normative and technical documentation for new types of fermented egg-plant products has been developed. The economic effect of producing fermented egg-plant fruit with the addition of mushrooms, onions and carrots is achieved by reducing the cost of using vegetables. At the same time, the price of sale of the finished product increases due to high taste qualities.

ELEMENTS OF TECHNOLOGY FOR GROWING LETTUCE IN IRRIGATED CONDITIONS OF THE VOLGA DELTA

The article presents the results of research on the development of elements of the cultivation technology of original varieties of lettuce in irrigated conditions of the Volga delta aimed to provide the citizens with vitamin products of own production within early-spring and autumn periods. The prospective grades of lettuce are selected: Miret RZ (Iceberg variety), Bacio RZ (Romen variety), Anthony RZ (Lollo Rossa variety) and Sigal RZ (Frisse variety). It was defined the seeding time; periods of planting of seedlings in open field and cut-off of saleable products. The highest yield, in average 31,1-33,5 t/ha, was received by Iceberg and Romen varieties of lettuce. For all the planting times, it was registered the high marketability of the produced output – for the Romen and Iceberg varieties – 98%, for the Lollo Rossa and Frisse varieties – 96%. According to the results of the chemical analysis, it was found that all varieties with the summer planting on the average accumulated less of dry matter by 6,12% and the amount of sugar by 39,87%, and had more value of vitamin C by 47,27% and nitrates by 103 mg/kg. The highest level of profitability of 407,8% was received on the cultivation of the Romen variety with the early-spring seeding. Due to their high taste properties, quality and external appeal produced lettuce products are very unique and in demand on the market.

CONVEYOR OF VARIETIES OF PUMPKIN OF FEDERAL RESEARCH VEGETABLE CENTER (VNIISSOK) SELECTION

Several early ripening pumpkin varieties adn hybrids with high yield and resistance to cold and diseases and high organoleptic properties were developed in Federal Scientific Vegetable Cencer. They are early, cold-resistant, yielding and resistant to a diseases and they have high taste and technological qualities of fruits. Most varieties of pumpkin need to fruit ripening to improve their taste. Lateripening varieties with long-term storage of fruits, until the end of November – early December, accumulate up to 10% of the amount of sugars. The timing of pumpering and storage of pumpkin fruits without loss of quality and taste indicators are individual for each variety and can vary greatly between each other. Gourds of a pumpkin of a dining room are shown as practically not requiring, and requiring in fruit ripening – from two weeks to two months. To a large extent, all varieties differ in terms of the shelf life of the fruit. Using these characteristics of varieties, even in the conditions of the Moscow region, you can create a continuous conveyor of consumption of pumpkin fruits. Recommendations are given on the timing of dosage and use of fruits of different varieties of pumpkin selection Federal Scientific Vegetable Center.

Активність пероксидази як показник ефективності інтродукції представників гібридогенних плодових кісточкових рослин в умовах Степового Придніпров’я

As a result of human activity in the environment, there is a large amount of toxic substances that affect all elements of ecosystems: soil, plants and animal organisms and human. Particularly significant environmental changes are characteristic forUkraine, where powerful enterprises of the chemical, metallurgical, energy and other industries with outdated technologies are concentrated. G.M. Ilkun identified a special type of pollution - Ukrainian, which is characterized by high concentration of toxic substances in the environment. In these conditions among the most promising fruit cultures ofUkraineare representatives of the genus peach. Despite significant advances in the introduction and acclimatization of the peach, its gene pool should be constantly replenished by varieties of the new generation, characterized by increased adaptation to stress factors of the environment and significantly higher productivity of species. Especially important is a receipt of sorts to peach (Persica of vulgaris of Mill.), which have high taste qualities, are resistant to local conditions and mycotic diseases. Among the important factors that indicate the level of adaptation of organisms to new environmental conditions are indicators of the functioning of antioxidant enzyme systems, in particular peroxidase. An important role in the reaction of plants tolerance to environmental conditions is played by the antioxidant system. One of constituents of this system there is peroxidase, the activity of which varies depending on the tension of ecological factors. Based on the above, the main purpose of research is to study the peroxidase activity of introduced taxa genus Persica Mill., as an indicator of the stability of sorts for the further implementation of the development of modern systems horticulture and landscaping industrial city. Conducting comparison of analysis of the activity of oxidative-reducing enzymes of both in hybrid forms and in the pure line. According to the obtained indexes to set the most perspective forms of peaches for the use in the conditions of steppe Dnieper as a technically-decorative culture. Investigated plant samples (one-year-old shoots) were selected on the territory Botanical Garden of the Oles Honchar Dnipro National University. The objects of research were hybridogenic forms of stone fruit (peach and almond species) of the breeding Nikitsky Botanical Garden, growing on collectable area of the Botanical Garden of the Oles Honchar Dnipro National University, from which 12 forms were selected. Biometric indices and activity of plant peroxidase were measured according to generally accepted methods. As a result of the experiment, it was found that there are significant differences in the experimental plants between the activity of peroxidase in different hybrids, but the general tendency is maintained: the activity of this enzyme in experimental plants is higher than in the control. On our opinion plants react on the unfavorable factors of environment increasing of activity of peroxidase. For each plant species, the value of activity of peroxidase was specific due to heredity, which for a long time was formed in the specific ecological and geographical conditions of those regions where these species were formed. It is noted that the level of activity of peroxidase in autumn does not go back to corresponding at the beginning of spring. This indicates a slowdown in the transition of plants to a state of relative calm. It can also confirm visual observation (resetting leaves after frost occurs in the absence of autumn color). The conducted studies of the activity of peroxidase in the leaves of the studied hybrid forms varied over the course of the vegetation period. Thus, as a result of our studies, it has been found that the plants of the studied hybrid forms F2 are characterized by a wide range of changes in the activity of peroxidase. It can be assumed that this phenomenon is associated with the formation of new taxa due to hybridization in F2, when hybrid forms in their qualities may differ significantly from each other due to splitting. Therefore, the activity of peroxidase can be various, both above and below the corresponding indicators in the etalon. In accordance with this among the obtained hybrids is forms like a resistant to the conditions of introduction and not enough resistant. This makes it possible to recommend varieties with high resistance for a wider introduction development of modern systems horticulture and landscaping industrial city, or as a breeding material for the creation of fruit crops.

PINK TOMATO CETUS F<sub>1</sub> – PROSPECTS OF THE RUSSIAN MARKET

Pink tomato due to their high taste quality is particularly important crop for consumers in Russia. Pink tomato seeds become more popular in the market every year. Breeders have accomplished to combine high fruit taste quality with good transportation abilities and fruit denseness. One of the latest breeding achievement is Cetus F 1 . A successful combination of good fruit taste with transportability and yield makes this variety a potential leader in Russian market. This is confirmed by growers' trials in various regions of South of Russia.

TERMS OF CULTIVATION FOR BEE-POLLINATED CUCUMBER KARAMBOL F1 IN WINTER GLASS GREENHOUSES

The group of bee-pollinated hybrids of cucumber is one of the most demanded for growing in greenhouses in winterspring period. There are ‘Atlet F 1 ’ ‘Karambol F 1 ’ ‘Magnit F 1 ’ ‘Kartel F 1 ’ and also hybrids pollinators ‘Kazanova F 1 ’, ‘Begunok F 1 ’ ‘Bodriyachok F 1 ’, which occupy about 800 hectares of area in winter greenhouses. All hybrids have attractive appearance, high taste qualities, and are transportable. Buttons are in a great demand and have a high price during all the time of cultivation, from February to July. However, the bee-pollinated cucumbers in later period are also in need, particularly for end of year celebrations. The possibility to grow these bee pollinated cucumbers like ‘Karambol F 1 ’ in these terms of cultivation is regarded in the article.

Fermentation properties of low-salted Doenjang supplemented with licorice and mustard

Licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) and mustard (Brassica juncea) were added to doenjang to reduce salt content in traditional Korean doenjang and solve problems related to abnormal fermentation during the storing process. After supplementing the low-salted doenjang (6.3% salt) with licorice and mustard (LM), a number of fungi were reduced and lactic acid bacteria increased. Protease activity increased in the 6.3% salted doenjang regardless of additives. The amino nitrogen content increased as much as that in the low-salted doenjang. pH decreased and acidity increased at day 10. A sensory evaluation was conducted after doenjang was stored for 40 days. The 6.3% + LM had very high taste quality. LM added to lowsalted doenjang suppressed fungal growth, and promoted the growth of lactic acid bacteria. The results indicate that the salts content of doenjang could be lowered to 6.3% by adding LM with improved quality and taste, and without abnormal fermentation.

Tomato Molecular Markers

Tomato Molecular Markers Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is one of the most popular vegetable grown in many regions of the world. Due to its high taste quality and nutritional value increase interest in the cultivation of this species and its consumption. Using the latest achievements in fields of genetics, molecular biology and biotechnology, breeders can create new varieties with improved useful traits. Introduction of DNA markers, especially those based on the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has led to breakthrough in the plants genetic research, including tomato. They are successfully used for plant genomes mapping, phylogenetics studies, selection of parental forms in plant breeding, and above all to identify the genes of important traits. For tomato have been identified and mapped 9309 molecular markers. High-density genetic maps development gives an opportunity to use them in genetic research and breeding programs. Identification of DNA markers closely linked to studied gene can significantly facilitate the identification of desirable traits in material breeding, or accelerate the plants selection for elimination of genotypes with undesirable genes. Material breeding selection using molecular markers, defined as MAS (marker-assisted-selection) is increasingly being used in tomato breeding programs, contributing to facilitated identification of genes or QTL and their transfer into the cultivated species from wild form.

Production de porte-greffes d'olivier à partir d'embryons d’Olea europea var. Chemlal cultivés in vitro*

In Algeria, the local variety of Kabylia (Olea europea L. Chemlal Var.) has always attracted particular attention because of the high taste quality of its oil. The aim of our experiment was the quick production of rootstock from zygotic embryos. The embryos were cultured on MS (Muraschige and Skoog) medium supplemented with hormones either singly or incombinations. The addition of 3- indoleacetic acid resulted in rapid embryo growth. However, the phyllotaxy was often modified. The hormonal combination of 6-benzylaminopurine and 3- indoleacetic acid provided in vitro plants with short shoots and very green leaves. It also resulted in the regeneration of adventitious roots on a cotyledonous leaf. Young plants with large pivot-roots and two pairs of leaves grafted onto strong stalks were obtained with the hormonal combination 6-benzylaminopurine and naphthalene-acetic acide. Sixty per cent of the plants were viable.

Determination and gustatory properties of taste-active compounds in tomato juice

The water-soluble compounds of a tomato juice selected for its high taste intensity and quality, have been investigated by both physico-chemical and sensory analyses. The physico-chemical assessment of the crude juice led to the construction of a synthetic model juice. Although 97% of the material contained in the crude juice has been identified and quantified, significant sensory differences between the crude and model juice have been found concerning bitterness and sharpness, showing that the components responsible for these gustatory descriptors have not yet been identified in the juice. For the other descriptors: sweetness, saltiness, sourness, umami and astringency, no significant differences were found between these two solutions. Using the model juice, omission tests were performed to explain the three main tastes of the juice: saltiness, sweetness and sourness. Sweetness was mainly attributable to sugars while the non-dissociated and dissociated forms of the organic acids, with potassium as counterion, seemed mainly responsible for sourness and saltiness. Moreover, several masking effects were observed between taste-active components. The contribution of the taste-active compounds to the main tastes were quantified by stepwise multiple linear regressions. The model explained up to 95, 89.9 and 85.8% of sourness, saltiness and sweetness, respectively.

Understanding consumer acceptance of early harvested ‘Hayward’ kiwifruit

During two seasons, ‘in-store’ consumer acceptance tests were performed to determine the relationship between ripe soluble solids concentration (RSSC) and/or ripe titratable acidity (RTA) on ‘Hayward’ kiwifruit consumer acceptance. For this, 252 consumers were presented kiwifruit slice samples with RSSC of 11.0, 12.0, 13.0, and 14.0% with a RTA ranging from 0.8 to 1.2%. Kiwifruit with RSSC that ranged from 11.6 to 13.5% were always liked by consumers but with different degrees of liking. A 12.5% RSSC is proposed as a minimum quality index for early-marketed kiwifruit. RTA played a significant role in consumer acceptance only on kiwifruit that had RSSC11.6% with RTA1.17% (‘sour’). This kiwifruit quality survey indicated that some vineyards had kiwifruit with RSSC higher than 12.5% before they met the recommended minimum maturity standard of 6.5% HSSC. Kiwifruit picked with SSC6.2% developed flesh breakdown. This work demonstrated that some California vineyards could produce high taste quality (12.5% RSSC) kiwifruit before they reach 6.5% SSC measured when kiwifruit are hanging on the vines. © 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

RESISTANCE TO MILDEW OF SELECTION FAMILY OF RED CURRANT THE BELAYA POTAPENKO × № 1426-21-80

Powdery mildew is one of the most harmful fungal diseases that causes economically significant damage to berry plantations. The disease is common in all areas of currant cultivation in the Russian Federation. In this regard, in modern conditions of intensive berry growing, the problem of breeding cultivars that are highly resistant to diseases and pests becomes urgent. Breeders have a difficult task to combine the adaptive potential of the cultivar with its annual high productivity and resistance to biotic environmental factors. When studying the adaptability of introduced cultivars of red currant and selected forms of the Institute to local soil and climate conditions, the following cultivars were identified as sources of economic and useful characteristics and involved in selection: ‘Belaya Potapenko’ as a complex source of resistance powdery mildew and high marketable and taste qualities of berries; SS 1426-21-80 as a source of high productivity and long racemes (raceme length 11-13 cm; up to 20 berries in the raceme). On their base the selection family of red currant has been developed: Belaya Potapenko × ♂SS 1426-21-80. The study of data on the destruction of hybrid seedlings of the selection family by powdery mildew showed that in epiphytotic conditions, the percentage of intensity of the disease development varies over the periods of screening from 0.2% in May to 20.4% in June. Such indicators served as a prerequisite for conducting a comparative test of breeding material in the field under artificial infection with powdery mildew. After artificial infection on the background of epiphytosis, the rate of intensity of the disease development increased slightly and amounted to 35.6% for the family. There were 30 highly resistant seedlings in the family, 10 of which have remained stable and highly resistant since 2018. In these plants we can assume the presence of the so-called field resistance, controlled by polygens, each of which does not give a visible effect of stability, but with different combinations determines one or another of its degree. Highly resistant seedlings will be used in further breeding studies to identify new sources of resistance to powdery mildew.