High Success Ratio Research Articles

A new codebook design scheme for fast beam searching in millimeter-wave communications

To overcome imperfection of exhaustive based beam searching scheme in IEEE 802.15.3c and IEEE 802.11ad and accelerate the beam training process, combined with the fast beam searching algorithm previously proposed, this paper proposed a beam codebook design scheme for phased array to not only satisfy the fast beam searching algorithm's demand, but also make good use of the advantage of the searching algorithm. The simulation results prove that the proposed scheme not only performs well on flexibility and searching time complexity, but also has high success ratio.

Design of a Fiber-Optic Sensing Mosquito Trap

Mosquito traps offer researchers and health officials a reasonable estimate of mosquito abundances to assess the spatial and temporal occurrences of mosquito-transmitted pathogens. Existing traps, however, have issued efficient design to detect mosquito and energy consumption of the device. We designed a novel mosquito collection device that sensitively detects the presence of a mosquito via a fiber-optic sensor. In this prototype, a pushing capture mechanism selectively powers and efficiently captures live mosquitoes without destroying identifying morphological features of the specimens. Because the trap sensor selectively powers the capture mechanism, it allows for greatly reduced power consumption when compared with existing continuously operated devices. With appropriate programming, the fans ON and OFF based on the triggering of a fiber-optic sensor detected and counted each mosquito that entered the trap. This trapping platform can be used with a variety of power sources including renewable sources (e.g., solar, wind, or hydroelectric power) in remote settings. The experimental results show a high success ratio 93%-100% for detection of live mosquitoes.

A novel real-time scheme for (m,k)-firm streams in wireless sensor networks

The multimedia transmission based real-time applications have posed a big challenge to wireless sensor networks (WSNs) where both reliability and timeliness need to be guaranteed at the same time, to support an acceptable Quality of Service (QoS). The existing real-time routing protocols, however, are not able to meet the QoS requirements of realtime applications because of the inherent resource constraint of sensor nodes and instability of wireless communication. Therefore, we propose a real-time scheme in this paper, including a QoS-aware routing protocol and a set of fault recovery mechanisms, for (m,k)-firm based real-time applications over WSNs. A local status indicator which is specially devised for (m,k)-firm stream, is used for intermediate nodes to monitor and evaluate their local conditions. The proposed routing protocol takes into account of packet deadline, node condition and remaining energy of next hop, to make optimal forwarding decision. Additionally, according to the stream QoS and node condition, the proposed fault recovery mechanisms are utilized for nodes to handle the congestion, link failure and void problems occurred during transmission and remain the desired reliability and timeliness requirements. The proposed scheme has been well studied and verified through simulations. The results have proved the efficiency of the proposed scheme in terms of high successful transmission ratio, small end-to-end delay and long lifetime of network.

Hierarchical role-based data dissemination in wireless sensor networks

Data dissemination from multiple sources to mobile sinks is fundamental and challenging in WSN applications due to limited energy supply of sensor nodes and sink mobility. Previous data dissemination protocols either rely on an energy-consuming coordinate system or build an inefficient backbone. In this paper, we propose a hierarchical role-based data dissemination (HRDD) protocol in wireless sensor networks. In HRDD, a small number of sensor nodes are assigned to serve as cluster heads and agents to form the data dissemination backbone and mitigate unnecessary query forwarding. In addition, HRDD designs an efficient data delivery mechanism that provides shorter paths to accelerate data delivery as well as reduce the number of data transmissions. An adaptive backbone maintenance mechanism is also introduced for low-energy cluster heads and agents to reduce their load, thereby prolonging the network lifetime. The experimental results show that HRDD achieves the longer network lifetime, the shorter delay, and the high success ratio compared to the prior work.

Moving Target Oriented Opportunistic Routing Algorithm in Vehicular Networks

In vehicular networks, the multihop message delivery from information source to moving vehicles presents a challenging task due to many factors, including high mobility, frequent disconnection, and real-time requirement for applications. In this paper, we propose a moving target oriented opportunistic routing algorithm in vehicular networks for message delivery from information source to a moving target vehicle. In order to adapt the constantly changing topology of networks, the forwarding decisions are made locally by each intermediate vehicle based on the trajectory information of the target vehicle. The simulation and real trace experiment show that our design provides an efficient message delivery with a higher success ratio, shorter success time, and lower transmission overhead compared with other reference approaches.

STPC 알고리즘을 이용한 VANET을 위한 전송파워 제어기법

본 논문은 차량 네트워크망의 성능개선을 위하여 교통류 모델을 이용한 STPC 알고리즘이 적용된 전송파워 제어기법을 제안한다. 교통량 혼잡 상태에서 차량 간의 전송파워는 메시지 충돌 확률을 증가시키며, 이는 차량 네트워크망의 성능저하 문제의 원인이 된다. 이를 해결하기 위하여, 제안된 전송파워 제어기법의 효용성을 증명하기 위하여 네트워크 모의실험 도구인 OPNet 모델러에서 원홉 지연, 패킷전송성공 확률 및 처리율을 분석하였다. 모의실험 결과를 살펴보면, 제안된 기법은 기존의 고정 전송파워를 적용한 기법보다 우수한 지연감소 효과를 보였고, 차량의 밀도가 높을 때 패킷전송 성공확률과 처리율은 향상되었다.

A Proposal of Real-time Scheduling Algorithm based on RMZL and Schedulability Analysis

Recently, multiprocessor platform is generally used in embedded real time systems. The optimal real time scheduling algorithms for multiprocessor are demanded. Several algorithms based on RM are proposed. In this study, we propose RMZLPD based on RMZL applied zero-laxity rule to RM. RMZLPD can realize high parallelism. Through simulation, RMZLPD has shown the high schedule success ratio. The schedulability of proposed algorithm also is shown by response time analysis.

Construction of a primary DNA fingerprint database for cotton cultivars

Forty core primers were used to construct a DNA fingerprint database of 132 cotton species based on multiplex fluorescence detection technology. A high first successful ratio of 99.04% was demonstrated with tetraplex polymerase chain reaction. Forty primer pairs amplified a total of 262 genotypes among 132 species, with an average of 6.55 per primer and values of polymorphism information content varying from 0.340 to 0.882. Conflicting DNA homozygous ratios were found in various species. The highest DNA homozygous ratio was found in landrace standard cultivars, which had an 81.46% DNA homozygous ratio. The lowest occurred in a group of 2010 leading cultivars with a homozygous ratio of 63.04%. Genetic diversity of the 132 species was briefly analyzed using unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic means.

An (m,k)-Firm Real-Time Aware Fault-Tolerant Mechanism in Wireless Sensor Networks

Many real-time routing mechanisms have been proposed to support the newly developed wireless sensor networks (WSNs) applications such as the transmission and retrieval of multimedia traffic. However, the inherent source constraints of sensor network and instability of wireless communication set quite a problem for the existing routing mechanisms to meet the quality of service (QoS) requirements of some specific QoS-aware applications. Hence, real-time fault-tolerant schemes are highly desired for WSNs to address these challenges. In this paper, we propose an -firm-based real-time fault-tolerant mechanism, which helps routing mechanisms to achieve specific QoS requirement by employing a local status indicator (LSI) at each sensor node to monitor and evaluate the local conditions of node and network. Therefore, specific fault recovery mechanisms could be implemented for ensuring an acceptable QoS performance, according to the evaluated LSI values. By using this fault-tolerant scheme, each node dynamically adjusts its transmission capability to mitigate the performance degradation of real-time service caused by network faults and to maintain the desired reliability and timeliness. Simulation result shows that LSI cannot only help to reduce the effects of congestion, link failure, and void, but also reach higher successful transmission ratio and smaller transmission delay.

Modern treatment methods of sialolithiasis

Salivary stones (sialolithiasis) are diagnosed in 0.007% of the population and are the most common cause of submandibular and parotid salivary glands obstruction. In the past, sialolithiasis was the leading cause of submandibular gland resection. The dynamic development of medical technology has greatly expanded the range of therapeutic options used in the treatment of salivary stones. The introduction of ultrasound and endoscopic techniques to the process of salivary stones diagnosis has greatly facilitated the identification of salivary stones. Endoscopic methods have made it possible to perform surgeries on the salivary glands in an almost atraumatic way. The use of laser devices, piezoelectric or magnetostrictive effect have enabled the efficient crushing of large salivary calculus deposits (sialolithotrypsis) and removal of stones fragments through the lumen of salivary duct. Modern therapeutic methods have reduced the number of sialoadenectomies to a minimum. In addition, these methods are characterized by a small number of serious complications and a very high success ratio, reaching up to 97%.

A group priority earliest deadline first scheduling algorithm

In most priority scheduling algorithms, the number of priority levels is assumed to be unlimited. However, if a task set requires more priority levels than the system can support, several jobs must in practice be assigned the same priority level. To solve this problem, a novel group priority earliest deadline first (GPEDF) scheduling algorithm is presented. In this algorithm, a schedulability test is given to form a job group, in which the jobs can arbitrarily change their order without reducing the schedulability. We consider jobs in the group having the same priority level and use shortest job first (SJF) to schedule the jobs in the group to improve the performance of the system. Compared with earliest deadline first (EDF), best effort (BE), and group-EDF (gEDF), simulation results show that the new algorithm exhibits the least switching, the shortest average response time, and the fewest required priority levels. It also has a higher success ratio than both EDF and gEDF.

An Effective Replication Technique Using Rateless Codes for Unstructured P2P Networks

It is possible to recover the original data from a certain amount of encoded data by using rateless codes, which are utilized for multicast streaming. In this paper, we propose an effective replication technique using rateless codes for unstructured P2P networks. More specifically, we propose a method to spread and find chunks generated from files efficiently. Through simulation experiments, we show that the proposed technique achieves high search success ratio and shortens the time required to obtain a file. Various Internet services are available today owing to the rapid growth of the Internet. Many of these services use the client/server (C/S) model in which a computer receiving the service (a client) is connected to a dedicated computer providing the service (the server). This model is based on the relationship between a master and a servant. The C/S model allows client data to be centrally managed on the server and thus has the advantage of being easy to design as a business model. In recent years, the rapid migration of everyday household connections to broadband has made it possible for such Internet services to transfer large volumes of content, and high- quality sophisticated services are expected in connection with these large-volume communications in the corporate world. It is extremely costly for the C/S model to provide such advanced services; the costs arise from the need to provide backup servers and to invest in equipment that can keep pace with the newest advances in processing capacity and can support an increasing number of clients. Quite simply, it is becoming more and more difficult to provide stable services using the C/S model. A new network model that is currently attracting much attention is the peer-to-peer (P2P) model. In this network model, computers (peers) on the network communicate and share files on an equal footing with each peer serving as both a server and a client. As a result, traffic is not concentrated only at the server unlike the case in the C/S model, thereby reducing the cost required for investing in new equipment.

Improving End-to-End Routing Performance of Greedy Forwarding in Sensor Networks

Greedy forwarding is a simple yet efficient technique employed by many routing protocols. It is ideal to realize point-to-point routing in wireless sensor networks because packets can be delivered by only maintaining a small set of neighbors' information regardless of network size. It has been successfully employed by geographic routing, which assumes that a packet can be moved closer to the destination in the network topology if it is forwarded geographically closer to the destination in the physical space. This assumption, however, may lead packets to the local minimum where no neighbors of the sender are closer to the destination or low-quality routes that comprise long distance hops of low packet reception ratio. To address the local minimum problem, we propose a topology aware routing (TAR) protocol that efficiently encodes a network topology into a low-dimensional virtual coordinate space where hop distances between pairwise nodes are preserved. Based on precise hop distance comparison, TAR can assist greedy forwarding to find the right neighbor that is one hop closer to the destination and achieve high success ratio of packet delivery without location information. Further, we improve the routing quality by embedding a network topology based on the metric of expected transmission count (ETX). ETX embedding accurately encodes both a network's topological structure and channel quality to nodes' small size virtual coordinates, which helps greedy forwarding to guide a packet along the optimal path that has the fewest number of transmissions. We evaluate our approaches through both simulations and experiments, showing that routing performance are improved in terms of routing success ratio and routing cost.

Effect of two radial artery puncture methods on the neonatal blood collection

Objective To explore touch puncture method and wired positioning puncture method on the neonatal blood collection via radial artery.Methods Totals of 600 newborns needed blood collection via radial artery were randomly into experimental group and control group,per group 300 cases.Control group received traditional touch method to puncture,while experimental group on the bases of puncture method received anatomy wired positioning puncture.Then,the success ratio of one-time puncture,puncture time and complications were compared.Results The success ratio of one-time puncture of experimental group was 96.0％ higher than control group that was 88.3％,and the difference was statistically significant( x2 =12.21,P＜0.01) ;Puncture time of experimental group was(2.82 ±0.24) min lower than control group that was (3.93 ± 0.50) min,and the difference was statistically significant ( t =9.897,P ＜ 0.01 ) ; The incidence of complications of experimental group was 3.3％ lower than control group that was 7.6％,and the difference was statistically significant (x2 =5.44,P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusions Anatomy wired positioning method using in neonatal blood collection has a strong operability and high puncture success ratio,which deserves to be spread and used in the clinic. Key words: Infant,newborn; Radial artery; Puncture

Effect of SiteRite5 vascular ultrasound and micro intubation scabbard technology on indwelling double channel power peripherally inserted central catheters ( Power PICC) in upper arm

Objective To observe the successful puncture rate,complications,the liquid flow rate and the high-pressure-injection status of upper arm indwelling double-channel Power PICC with SiteRite5 vascular ultrasound and micro inmbation scabbard technology.Methods Totals of 106 patients received PICC randomly divided into control group(53 cases) and observation group(53 cases),and two groups were assessed vessel by SiteRite5 vascular ultrasound of American Bard and used micro intubation scabbard technology in indwelling double-channel Power PICC.Control group used there valve type double-channel PICC catheter of Bard,while observation group used double-channel Power PICC catheter.Then successful puncture rate,complications ratio,the way and effects of high-pressure-injection when received enhanced CT examination in two groups were compared.Results The successful puncture rate of two groups was 100％,respectively.Complications ratio of control group was 7.41％ and observation group was 0.00％,the difference was statistical significant( x2 =5.76,P＜0.05).Observation group received enhanced-CT examination that can directly connected with highpressure-injection,while 100％ patients of control group needed peripheral large veins puncture again; liquor exosmosis and local swelling ratio and local pain,unwell ratio of control group was 17.02％ and 25.53％,and that of observation group was 0.00％,and the difference was statistical significant ( x2 =18.60,29.27 ; P ＜0.01 ).Conclusions Upper arm indwelling double-channel Power PICC with SiteRite5 vascular ultrasound and micro intubation scabbard technology has a safety operation,wiresoft,high successful puncture ratio,low complication ratio,liquor velocity and flow reach clinical requirement,and can use enhanced-CT to make up the deficiency of existing PICC puncture,no risk for liquor exosmosis,and can increase Catheter utilization ratio,effectively decrease the workload of nurses,and improve the satisfaction of patients,which has a better clinical utilization value. Key words: Ultrasound guided; Micro introducer scabbard technology; Power peripherally inserted central catheters; Complications; Flow velcocity; High-pressure-injection

Fracture development in shale and its relationship to gas accumulation

Shale with high quartz, feldspar and carbonate, will have low Poisson’s ratio, high Young’s modulus and high brittleness. As a result, the shale is conducive to produce natural and induced fractures under external forces. In general, there is a good correlation between fracture development in shale and the volume of brittle minerals present. Shale with high TOC or abnormally high pressure has well-developed fractures. Shale fracture development also shows a positive correlation with total gas accumulation and free gas volume, i.e., the better shale fractures are developed, the greater the gas accumulation and therefore the higher the gas production. Fractures provide migration conduits and accumulation spaces for natural gas and formation water, which are favorable for the volumetric increase of free natural gas. Wider fractures in shale result in gas loss. In North America, there is a high success ratio of shale gas exploration and high gas production from high-angle fracture zones in shale. Good natural gas shows or low yield producers in the Lower Paleozoic marine organic matter-rich rocks in the Sichuan Basin are closely related to the degree of fracture development in brittle shales.

DNA observation with scanning tunneling microscope using a solution

This paper investigates the roles of a solution (decane) in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) observation with a scanning tunneling microscope. Our study indicates that decane prevents continuous water adsorption from air and subsequent ionization of the water to create specific conditions for DNA observation. Analysis of the tunneling current reveals that the current with decane became twice as stable in deviation and the current is sustained 1 nm further in the z-direction than without decane. The apparent barrier height with decane is also decreased by a factor of 0.18. These properties enable us to measure bulky DNA (4 nm) at the highest success ratio ever attained.

Effect of improved venous puncture method

Objective To observe the effect of improved venous puncture method and provide basis for popularizing the method which is rapid, painless and of less trauma. Methods According to single-blind random method, 2 132 patients undergone venous puncture treatment in the emergency department of our hospital from August 2008 to August 2009 were selected and divided into two groups: improved group ( 1 066 cases) and traditional group( 1 066 cases). Observed the effect of two groups. Results Improved method was superior to traditional method in pain easing, and there was statistical difference between the two groups (Z = 21.95 ,P ＜0.01 ). Improved method could increase puncture success ratio, with statistical significance as compared to traditional method ( x2 =36.61 ,P ＜0.01 ). Also, zhe former had more rapid venous return ( u = 196. 50,P ＜0. 01 ) and less incidence of bleeding of penetration points and subcutaneous ecchymosis after needle withdrawing ( x2 = 11.76 ,P ＜ 0. 01 ) than the latter. Conclusions Improved puncture method is of less pain and higher puncture success ratio and is superior to the traditional method. Key words: Venous puncture; Method improved; Effect

Congestion aware data dissemination in social opportunistic networks

This paper describes the design, development and evaluation an interest driven overlay on the top of our congestion aware forwarding protocol (CAFe) for social opportunistic networks. We show that P2P filecasting on top of Cafe achieves high success ratio of answered queries and high availability of intermediary nodes while maintaining fast downloads.

Designing Connection Oriented Networks for Multi-Domain Path Resilience

A challenge in network management and control is the ability to account for multi-domain requirements in the network planning process. Especially in Connection Oriented Networks where multi-domain path finding is a critical issue, networks need to be designed in such a manner as to restrict the possibility of erroneous inter-domain path selection. In this paper we propose per-domain topology design considerations that would leverage accurate disjoint path computations in a multi-domain environment, covering requirements of end-to-end path resiliency. In multi-domain environments state information between domains is heavily aggregated, hiding internal topology details dictated by scalability concerns, but also by restrictive domain administration policies for privacy, and security. Disjoint path finding is strongly affected by the aggregation techniques, since they do not provide information on path overlap. To handle this issue we introduce a metric, the Overlap Factor (OF), that quantifies path overlap in domains. The OF can be passed as an additional parameter of the inter-domain information exchange model to evaluate disjoint end-to-end paths. Alternatively, if domains were appropriately designed, this additional parameter might not be needed in evaluating resilient pairs of inter-domain paths. We based our recommended topology design algorithm on exploiting locally known OF values within the context of Genetic Algorithms. Extensive simulations confirm that domains designed using our proposed algorithm, result into accurate multi-domain disjoint path identification, with a high success ratio compared to networks that are designed without inter-domain considerations.