The thermal deformation control (TDC) of the high-speed spindle (HSS) is difficult to be realized because the nonlinear, non-steady, and varying influencing factors, and traditional cooling system cannot effectively dissipate the internal heat and realize TDC. It is expected to effectively export the internal heat of HSS with a reasonable design and manufacturing. To effectively realize HSS cooling and TDC, the effect of gas–liquid phase change of axially rotating heat pipe (ARHP) on fluid-thermal-solid behaviors of HSS is investigated. The ARHP, which is suitable for HSS cooling and TDC, is designed. Then an experimental platform is constructed to study the operation performance and heat dissipation performance (HDP) of the designed ARHP under different working conditions. The effects of the rotational speed, heat flux, and cooling air flow rate on HDP of ARHP are investigated. The designed ARHP is embedded into the original HSS (O-HSS) to dissipate the internal heat, and the silicone grease (SG) is used to fill the gap between the ARHP and shaft core of HSS, increasing the contact area and enhancing heat transfer. Then the fluid-thermal-solid coupling behavior of HSS is simulated and experimentally studied. To verify the effectiveness of the designed ARHP and the proposed heat dissipation scheme, the fluid-thermal-solid coupling behaviors of O-HSS, HSS with ARHP (ARHP-HSS), and HSS with ARHP and SG (ARHP-SG-HSS) are compared. The results show that the maximum temperatures of ARHP-SG-HSS and ARHP-HSS are reduced by 50% and 43.5% compared with that of O-HSS, respectively. Moreover, the maximum thermal balance time of O-HSS, ARHP-HSS, and ARHP-SG-HSS is 1450 s, 800 s, 500 s, respectively. The maximum thermal deformation (TD) ranges of O-HSS, ARHP-HSS, and ARHP-SG-HSS are [-35 μm, 25 μm], [-20 μm, 10 μm], and [-20 μm, 10 μm], respectively. The maximum TDs of ARHP-SG-HSS and ARHP-HSS are reduced by 76.5% and 58.8% compared with maximum TD of O-HSS, respectively.
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