High-speed Railway Transport Research Articles

Factors Affecting Travel Mode Choice between High-speed Railway and Air Transportation among University Students for Tourism - Evidence from China

ABSTRACT This study investigates the students’ preferred travel mode choice (high-speed railway (HSR) or air transportation (AT)) for tourism and the influencing factors which predict their mode choice. A questionnaire survey was conducted among university students (refers to both undergraduate and graduate students) in Beijing, China, measuring the students’ demographic characteristics, travel situations, travel mode choice, and intentions regarding tourism. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed to explore the influencing factors responsible for travel mode choice between HSR and AT. The results showed that gender, transportation cost, transportation time, the person accompanying the traveler, and sources of funds are significant factors of choosing HSR. It was found that males are found to be more attracted to HSR as compared to females. Furthermore, choosing HSR as a travel mode is negatively correlated with transportation costs. The study results further revealed that travel partner (who accompany the students in the tour) and sources of funds are the crucial variables in predicting their travel mode choice among university students. It was found that students prefer to travel via HSR with their spouse or lover. Lastly, improvements are suggested for government officials and related stakeholders to maximize the profits of HSR and AT.

Перспективные технологии производства тормозных дисков из керамоматричных композитов на основе SiC-матрицы систем торможения высокоскоростного железнодорожного транспорта

Перспективные технологии производства тормозных дисков из керамоматричных композитов на основе SiC-матрицы систем торможения высокоскоростного железнодорожного транспорта

Delay propagation cellular automata model based on max-plus algebra for robustness evaluations of non-periodic train operation plans

Based on discrete-event dynamic system theory, train operation events in high-speed railway transportation systems are regarded as the basic elements of these dynamic systems. For non-periodic timetable railways in China, based on a max-plus algebra method, a delay propagation cellular automata model is proposed to evaluate the robustness of high-speed train operation plans. The cellular automata evolution rules that can reproduce the delay propagation state of trains mainly consider train safety headway constraints, passenger transfer constraints, and electric multiple unit (EMU) connection constraints. A simulation analysis of actual cases is performed. The simulation results show that the model can be used to evaluate the robustness of the train operation plan. The numerical results show that in the preparation of train operation plans, the proposed model can predict which trains have significant influences on delays in advance and improve the possibility of reducing the occurrence of delays to maintain high-quality service.

Split ratio trade‐off between output torque and braking torque of surface‐mounted permanent‐magnet machines

This study deals with the optimisation of surface-mounted permanent-magnet (SPM) motor for the vehicle door of high-speed railway transport systems, where both high-output torque under healthy conditions and low braking torque under fault conditions are required. The split ratio of rotor outer diameter to stator outer diameter is one of the most important design parameters due to its significant impact on the output torque. As found in this study, it also has significant effect on the braking torque. Therefore, the split ratio for SPM machine with consideration of braking torque is investigated. The relationships between the split ratio and both the output and braking torque are analytically established. It is found that the maximum output torque and the maximum braking torque correspond to the same split ratio. Therefore, considering the short-circuit operating condition of the door system, the split ratio related to the maximum output torque no longer satisfies its requirements. It is demonstrated that the split ratio can reduce the braking torque under a short-circuit fault. The analytical results are verified by the finite-element analyses. The experiments on the prototype 12-slot/10-pole SPM machine validate the analyses.

Principles of Urban Planning Development of Suburban Belt of Samara-Togliatti Agglomeration

The article deals with the solution of such issues that are associated with the development of the suburban belt of Samara-Togliatti agglomeration-conurbation (STA) and problems that are connected with infrastructural changes in the region. The article shows the results of theoretical researches in the sphere of territory and settlement spatial development. There is considered historical development of the settlement structure of the Samara guberniya. The infrastructural support of the forming the Greater Samara megapolis is considered in the dialectical contradiction of internal and external factors in cooperation with the global transport map. There are made practical proposals of a territorial settlement system formation of the Samara guberniya based on the development of related towns in the structure of the STA suburban belt with peripheral local rural settlement systems. There is considered the potential development of the STA subcenters (Samara-Arena, aerotropolis Kurumoch, Krasny Yar, Kinel, Dubovy Umeet, Chapaevsk, Bezenchuk) and potential contact points of the STA suburban belt with local settlement systems (Dimitrovgrad, Otradniy, Pestravka, Novospasskoye, etc). The authors of this article were tasked to explain the principles of phased development for the near, medium and long-term perspective of the STA transport and communication framework. Currently, there are strong centripetal trends of movement from rural settlement systems to subcentres of STA. To create the opposite centrifugal movement, it is proposed to develop capital residential and industrial construction in potential contact points of the STA suburban belt with rural peripheral resettlement systems, creating employment for high-qualified labour. On the 2nd phase, these traffic flows should be strengthened by high-speed railway transport. The authors propose variants of the placement of multimodal transport and logistics hubs (Multihub) in promising “growth poles”, which are planned to be at the contact points of the peripheral suburban belt STA with local rural settlement systems. In the long term it is suggested to identify areas of town-planning reserves for the formation of Multi-hubs in order to include the Samara guberniya in the structure of the currently planned international transport corridors Europe - America and the Arctic – Southwestern Asia. There is emphasized the development of the south and the south- east direction, the perspective development of the transit railways network.

Network structure and evolution characteristics of cities in China based on high-speed railway transport flow

Network structure and evolution characteristics of cities in China based on high-speed railway transport flow

Time Distance and Mutual Fund Holding Horizon: Evidence from a Quasi-Natural Experiment Setting of High-Speed Railway Opening

Using a quasi-natural experiment setting of high-speed railway opening, we examine whether mutual fund holding horizon changes after the time distance between mutual funds and listed companies is shortened following the opening of high-speed railway. With the DID (difference-in-difference) method, we find that the holdings of mutual fund in remote listed companies increase following high-speed railway opening of remote cities in which these listed companies are located. We also find that this effect is mainly reflected in the high-speed railway transportation optimal interval (i.e. physical distance between 240 and 1800 kilometers), and this effect is stronger for companies with lower analyst coverage. We further find that the opening of high-speed railway facilitates the site visits of mutual funds to remote listed companies, which will eventually increase mutual fund holdings and extend mutual fund holding horizon.

Impact of High-Speed Railway Transportation on Economic Development in Zhengzhou City

China’s high-speed rail is the leader in driving a new round of China’s economy. Looking at it today, the scale of China’s construction of high-speed rail is unprecedented. From improving the speed of operation, coastal travel, and extending from the Central Plains to the northwest, it has a huge impact on social and economic development. The rapid development of high-speed rail will create a new chapter in the history of the economy. Based on the data of some socio-economic and high-speed rail transportation in Zhengzhou City from 2007 to 2017, this paper analyses the relationship between high-speed rail transportation and social economy, and provides reference for the decision-making department to formulate transportation development planning. The study found that there is a strong correlation between high-speed rail transportation and economic development. The two influence each other and coordinate development. The direction of high-speed rail construction should be clarified to better realize the comprehensive development of regional economy.

Research on Demand Analysis and Development Prospect of High-Speed Railway Express Market

With the rapid development of e-commerce, the demand for express delivery industry has grown rapidly. Compared with other modes of transportation, the high-speed railway’s “high speed, high safety, high punctuality rate” and other characteristics ensure the rapid delivery of goods on time. In order to accurately predict the demand of the high-speed railway express delivery market, this paper collects a large amount of data extensively and processes the data through SPSS software. The extrapolation method and the proportional method were used to predict the demand of the national express delivery market and the national off-site express market demand in 2025. On this basis, the four indicators of safety, reliability, rapidity and economy are selected to construct Logit model for characteristic variables, and MATLAB software is used to calculate the market share of high-speed railway transportation. Finally, calculate the forecast value of China’s high-speed rail express business, analyze the prospects of China’s high-speed railway express market, and determine the future development direction of the railway industry to achieve efficiency gains and market-oriented reforms, which have certain reference value and practical significance.

Multiple regression analysis on the HVAC energy consumption of railway passenger stations

With the rapid development of high-speed railway transport in the last decade, the number of railway passenger stations in China has surged. Distinguished by its large floor space, high quality of service, long operation time and high occupancy rate throughout the year, the electricity consumption of the heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) system for current railway stations is much higher than other types of public buildings. Despite of its huge amount of energy consumption, the assessment standard and benchmarking for the railway passenger stations is not completely established. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the energy use level and the associated factors of influence. In this paper, extensive field tests have been conducted to collect detailed energy data of stations in different climate zones in China. Multiple regression model is adopted to determine relevant impacting parameters. The results showed that building area tends to be the primary factor affecting the energy consumed by the HVAC system in each of the four climate zones. Furthermore, for each climate region, regression equations are developed, which serve as an effective standard to evaluate the energy consumption of stations.

Robustness assessment of China's high-speed railway transportation network

Abstract. The robustness of the high-speed rail transportation network is closely related to the passenger transportation efficiency, and is also a concrete manifestation of the anti-jamming capability of the high-speed railway transportation system. By the end of 2017, the business mileage of Chinese high-speed railway has reached 25,164 km, the number of passengers has reached 175.216 million, accounting for 56.8% of railway passenger traffic; the number of passenger turnover has reached 587.56 billion person-km, accounting for 43.7% of railway passenger traffic turnover.As of 2018 On December 4th, the country operate 4,251 high-speed railway trains every day. At the same time, passenger transportation efficiency of high-speed railways is highly susceptible to sudden events such as natural disasters. Therefore, quantitative assessment of anti-jamming capability of high-speed railway network, and the propose of specific improvements, are of great practical significance to improve passenger transport efficiency, enhance scientific decision-making high-speed rail transport infrastructure investments.This paper used the the high-speed train running data on December 4, 2018 to analyze the work.Its high-speed railway network schematic is shown in Figure 1.The Scale-free property of networks means that the node degree of networks obeys power-law distribution. It is generally believed that scale-free networks exhibit robustness against random faults and vulnerability to deliberate attacks. In this paper, the regularity of node degree change is expressed by distribution function P(k). As shown in the degree distribution of double logarithmic coordinate system as shown in Figure 2, the network has a great goodness of fit and better obeys power law score.That is to say, the network is a scale-free network.In this paper, random attacks and deliberate attack simulations are used to observe the condition of the structure of China's high-speed railway network, and in order to measure the robustness of high-speed rail network. Among them, the formula refers to random delete a node from the network; deliberate attack is to delete nodes according to their importance. Attack strategies for node degree and intermediate centrality are used to determine which nodes are selected for each simulated attack (the lower the importance, the smaller the impact on the network). According to the three attack strategies for the high-speed railway transportation network, experiments are carried out to carry out continuous simulation attacks on the network: in each time, a node in the network and all its connected edges are deleted, the relative average shortest path and average clustering coefficient of the network at this time are counted. And the degree of fragmentation, looping until all nodes in the network are deleted, that is to say, the network is completely invalid. In Fig. 3, Fig. 4 and Fig. 5, the X axis represents the number of attack nodes, and the Y axis represents the current network structure feature metric.It can be seen that the intentional attack based on the centrality of node mediation has the most serious damage to the network, that is, in other word, the state of splitting and crashing of the network.. For deliberate attacks, China's high-speed railway transport network is very fragile, and attacking nodes with high intermediary centrality value is the most destructive to China's high-speed railway transport network. Therefore,in order to ensure the normal operation of passenger transport we need to focus on ensuring the stability of the sites with the highest intermediary value. This paper ranks the sites according to the value of intermediary centrality. Figure 6 shows the top 10 sites in China's high-speed rail transport network with centrality as intermediaries.

A prediction method for wheel tread wear

PurposeThe increasing demands of high-speed railway transportation aggravate the wheel and rail surface wear. It is of great significance to repair the worn wheel timely by predicting the wheel and rail surface wear, which will improve both the service life of the wheel and rail and the safe operation of the train. The purpose of this study is to propose a new prediction method of wheel tread wear, which can provide some reference for selecting proper re-profiling period of wheel.Design/methodology/approachThe standard and worn wheel profiles were first matched with the standard 60N rail profile, and then the wheel/rail finite element models (FEMs) were established for elastic-plastic contact calculation. A calculation method of the friction work was proposed based on contact analysis. Afterwards, a simplified method for calculating wheel tread wear was presented and the wear with different running mileages was predicted.FindingsThe wheel tread wear increased the relative displacement and friction of contact spots. There was obvious fluctuation in the wheel tread friction work curve of the worn model. The wear patterns predicted in the present study were in accordance with the actual situation, especially in the worn model.Originality/valueIn summary, the simplified method based on FEM presented in this paper could effectively calculate wheel tread wear and predict the wear patterns. It would provide valuable clews for the wheel repair work.

An Empirical Study on the Comprehensive Optimization Method of a Train Diagram of the China High Speed Railway Express

The rapid and stable development of China’s economy has driven the increasing demand for express transportation. Based on network operation, China Railway Corporation of High-speed Railway launched high-speed rail products, which have attracted wide attention from all walks of life. With the application of high-speed express trains, the market structure of express transportation in China will change dramatically, from highways as the main mode of transportation to high-speed railway transportation relying on a high-speed railway network, which will effectively reduce the environmental pollution caused by express transportation and further improve the sustainable development of the economy and the logistics industry. At present, the freight Electric Multiple Units (EMU) has been successfully developed and has entered the final test stage. In the last paper, we have introduced the theory and method of the high-speed rail express train operation plan. In addition, a train diagram is an important foundation of railway transportation organization. In order to ensure the sustainable development of high-speed rail express trains after they are put into use, based on the operation plan of high-speed rail express trains, this paper establishes a comprehensive compilation model of a high-speed rail express train diagram, considering train running time, freight flow distribution scheme, and the operation plan of freight multiple units, and an exact solution algorithm based on the Lagrange relaxation algorithm is designed. The computational results are encouraging and demonstrate the effectiveness of the model and solution method.

Optimizing Train-Set Circulation Plan in High-Speed Railway Networks Using Genetic Algorithm

As a sustainable transportation mode, high-speed railway (HSR) has been developing rapidly during the past decade in China. With the formation of dense HSR network, how to improve the utilization efficiency of train-sets (the carrying tools of HSR) has been a new research hotspot. Moreover, the emergence of railway transportation hubs has brought great challenges to the traditional train-sets’ utilization mode. Thus, in this paper, we address the issue of train-sets’ utilization problem with the consideration of railway transportation hubs, which consists of finding an optimal Train-set Circulation Plan (TCP) to complete trip tasks in a given Train Diagram (TD). An integer programming TCP model is established to optimize the train-set utilization scheme, aiming to obtain the one-to-one correspondence relationship among sets of train-sets, trip tasks, and maintenances. A genetic algorithm (GA) is designed to solve the model. A case study based on Nanjing and Shanghai HSR transportation hubs is made to demonstrate the practical significance of the proposed method. The results show that a more efficient TCP can be formulated by introducing train-sets being dispatched among different stations in the same hub.

MEMORIES OF SCIENTIFIC SCHOOL OF ACADEMICIAN V. A. LAZARYAN

Only now, in the era of high-speed railway transport, there is a realization concerning the greatness of pioneering research 50 years ago of Academician V. A. Lazaryan, his fellow students, their demand and relevance in the evolutionary development of railways in the world. The work is the author's memoirs about the outstanding representatives of the scientific school of transport mechanics (including in the direction of the dynamics and stability of the trains movement) – Academician V. A. Lazaryan, Academician M. H. Bondar, Professor Y. P. Blokhin. They and their students, an informal creative team of researchers of different generations, continued and continue the work of their leader – Academician V. A. Lazaryan.

CORRELATION OF TECHNICAL SOLUTIONS AND CONSTRUCTION COSTS OF HSR

For the English full text of the article please see the attached PDF-File (English version follows Russian version).ABSTRACT The article highlights the urgency and specificity of high-speed railways in Russia. The specifics of accounting for the cost of construction of HSR are indicated. The necessity of evaluating project solutions based on the technical and economic comparison of options is substantiated. Present and prospective technical solutions and technologies for construction of HSR are given, possibilities for further transition to the overpass method of their erection are considered. A comparative analysis of the estimated cost of construction of HSR-2 Moscow-Kazan and similar analogues, whose projects are implemented in international practice, are presented. The authors argue that the high-speed railway line Moscow- Kazan is unique, technically complex, the first in Russia infrastructure project of this level. Compliance with the requirements of the terms of reference, regulatory documents and the application of best practices of foreign countries have a determining effect on the estimated cost of construction. In comparison with the railways of the common network with train speeds of up to 200 km/h, the HSR-2 project significantly exceeds the share of the main construction sites (by more than 36 %). The presented data confirm that the cost of project solutions with the increase in the speed of trains by more than 200 km/h is interdependent from the increase in the requirements for safety and continuity of movement of high-speed railway transport. The editorial board reminds that all interpretation of facts and the conclusions lay exclusively in the sphere of authors’ responsibility. Keywords: railway, high-speed highway, construction, technical and economic comparison, cost of line, cost of technical solutions, roadbed, ballastless track superstructure, HSR in the world.

Optimization for the Following Operation of a High-Speed Train Under the Moving Block System

Efficient and safe following operation of a high-speed train (HST) under the moving block system (MBS) has been the trend for high-speed railway (HSR) transportation. However, due to the complex operating environment and changeable operation state of HST during the following operation process, it becomes inapplicable for conventional train control approaches to satisfy HST’s multi-objective operation demand including safety, punctuality, energy efficiency, and ride comfort. To resolve this problem, in this paper, practical models for the real-world characteristics of HSR’s line parameters and HST’s following control, as well as the multi-objective optimization model with some novel metrics, are established for achieving the optimal following control of HST under MBS. Besides, the multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm is modified with the preference information of control sensitivity and energy efficiency, so as to efficiently obtain the optimal following control strategy based on the real-time data of HST like velocity, location, and speed restriction. Furthermore, the convergence performance of our proposed method is demonstrated by comparative tests which also help select the proper algorithm parameters. Finally, the efficiency and feasibility of the proposed framework are illustrated by showing some experimental results.

Selecting an Appropriate Express Railway Pavement System Using VIKOR Multi-Criteria Decision Making Model

A gigantic evolution has been brought about in the railway transportation by the emergence of the expressways as the most efficient method of carrying passengers within short and medium interurban distances. Various types of expressway pavements have been offered during the recent years. A considerable amount of the repair and maintenance costs in railroad sector is allocated to the constituents forming the pavements. No thorough and precise research has been so far conducted on the railroad expressways featuring traffics with speeds over 250 km/h and the extant information have merely been trivial changes in the procedures existent for speeds below 200 km/h and these are not deemed of much use and applicability. Thus, the current research paper is devoted to the investigation and selection of express railways pavement system design using VIKOR method. The evaluations indicate that the commencement of the first high-speed train work in 1964 in Japan marked a turning point in the railroad passenger transportation in the world. The development of the high-speed railway transportation is enumerated as an important revolution helping the railroads retake their crucial role in passenger transportation in such a way that it is found overtaking the roadway and aerial transportation and even exposing some airlines to real crisis. The high-speed railroad is undergoing an intensive expansion worldwide and as a safe, sound and sustainable transportation system, it has well proved its role in the social and economic development of the nations.

The implications of high-speed railways on air passenger flows in China

The High-speed Railway (HSR) network in China is the largest in the world, competing intensively with airlines for inter-city travel. Panel data from 2007 to 2013 for 138 routes with HSR-air competition were used to identify the ex-post impacts of the entry of HSR services, the duration of operating HSR services since entry, and the specific impacts of HSR transportation variables such as travel time, frequency, and ticket fares on air passenger flows in China. The findings show that the entry of new HSR services in general leads to a 27% reduction in air travel demand. After two years of operating HSR services, however, the negative impact of HSR services on air passenger flows tends to further increase. The variations of the frequency in the temporal dimension and the travel time in the spatial dimension significantly affect air passenger flows. Neither in the temporal nor spatial dimensions are HSR fares strongly related to air passenger flows in China, due to the government regulation of HSR ticket prices during the period of analysis. The impacts of different transportation variables found in this paper are valuable to consider by operational HSR companies in terms of scheduling and planning of new routes to increase their competitiveness relative to airlines.

Recognition of Wheel Polygon Based on W/R Force Measurement by Piezoelectric Sensors in GSM-R Network

The influence of polygonal wheels on vehicle dynamic responses and condition monitoring measurement, are a focal point of research to ensure operation safety and improve service quality of high speed railway transportation. Wheel defects are commonly identified by the detection of wheel–rail (W/R) contact forces based on installing strain gauge on wheelsets or rails. Compared with strain gauge, PVDF piezoelectric sensor has the advantages of high sensitivity, wide frequency response, vast dynamic range, and perfect electromagnetic-immune property. Hence, a measure system to recognize wheel polygon based on W/R force measurement by PVDF strain sensors in Railroad network is built, which has long distance and high stability. On the basis of W/R contact forces derived from wheel polygon impacts, the measured PVDF strain sensor response is processed to generate an index that reflects the condition of wheel polygon. An automatic remote condition monitoring system is designed under GSM-R transmission lines. The preliminary experimental results showed that this system is suitable for complex electromagnetic environment and stable demands of high speed railways.