High School Stage Research Articles

Същност и класификация на електронните образователни ресурси и приложението на презентациите в учебните часове по „География и икономика“ и „Туризъм“ (гимназиален етап)

The theoretical basis of the electronic educational resources is considered, in which selected resources are applied, which are applied in the education in Geography and economics and Tourism. What are ICT's and their application? This is the main task of any teacher who has many applicable multimedia technologies, each subject. Guidelines for preparation, result and evaluation by the audience for making presentations in certain subjects, in the fields of Geography and Economics and lessons in Tourism, for the high school stage are described. A survey was conducted with the opinion and assessment of the trained representatives. The final grade of the teacher's presentation was given by the students.

RETRACTED: Pentium microprocessor system structure and principal of political teaching and teaching material improvement

Abstract Designed a hybrid structural model of intelligent mobile learning platform based on Android system. Designed a prototype of a front-end platform for mobile learning. The intelligent system shows system test analysis to provide strong practicality and reference value and new method under mobile model to realize ideology and political leaders in university education. The report on election has been included in government method of four high school teachers. And interest of these teachers to election, by analyzing how that are trying to generate a student of politics to further concept of, author tries to understand politics of directives in better junior high school stage. Overall, author's teachers believe that capture students' interest in everyday politics and elections. However, teachers often miss opportunity to promote a subtle understanding of this interest in politics. The definition of political socialization problem is the way people have their political skills, develop direction and practices, how their experience is not shaping their own political base set. In this process is through a family relationship, or via interaction at school have been shown to occur in main. In education, in previous studies, in elementary school of lower grades, it indicates that are beginning education of political socialization and students, continued penetration of life. These ought to there is a great deal of analysis of political guidance that occurred in four classifications. In any case, these educators, a top pick of social investigations instructors in United States, have gotten formal preparing on most proficient method to instruct legislative issues. It must be emphasized that there is no. Educators perceive adulation and understudies; it should utilize an assortment of methodologies to cultivate this interest. Nonetheless, as brought up, don't accept that these measures are sufficient for guidance. Subsequently, it has botched a remarkable chance to cultivate a political comprehension of understudies.

High School Students’ Weakness of Arabic Reading Comprehension and Its Linkage to the Teaching Methods Used by Teachers The Case of the UAE

This study focuses on Arabic reading comprehension. It aimed to identify students’ perspective regarding teaching and learning practices during reading lessons in the United Arab Emirates high schools. The study adopts a descriptive method through a focus group of 12 freshmen female students at Zayed University. After analyzing students’ responses, the study found that reading lessons are mainly conducted in traditional way where teachers are the supplier of the information and students are simply the recipients. It also indicated that teachers focus primarily on word-by-word understanding of the text without stimulating the students’ higher thinking skills such as analysis, interpretation, comparisons, inference, criticism, and evaluation. The study also found that teachers did not give the importance of grammar lessons to reading lessons whereas few teachers used interactive teaching methods in class to stimulate students’ thinking and increase their motivation. The study concluded that the students were dissatisfied with the methods used during reading lessons, as they do not show interest in class participation since their minds are not challenged. The study recommended reconsidering qualifying and training programs for Arabic language teachers at the university level. It also emphasized the importance of the continuous professional development in a practical context in addition to monitoring the process of teaching Arabic language in general and reading in particular in an attempt to support teachers with needed help to make Arabic reading a daily habit in students’ lives. Key Words: Conscious Reading, Focus Groups, High School Stage, Higher Reading Skills, Teaching Methods, Thinking and Reading.

E-Learning in the Teaching of Mathematics: An Educational Experience in Adult High School

Currently, the e-learning method, due to the period of confinement that is occurring due to COVID-19, has increased its use and application in the teaching and learning processes. The main objective of this research is to identify the effectiveness of the e-learning method in the teaching of mathematics with adults who are in high school, in contrast to the traditional expository method. The study developed is quantitative, descriptive and correlational. The research design is quasi-experimental, with a control group and an experimental group. The results show that the use of the e-learning method has a positive influence on motivation, autonomy, participation, mathematical concepts, results and grades. It can be concluded that the e-learning method leads to improvement in adult students who are studying the mathematical subject in the educational stage of high school, provided that it is compared with the expository method. Therefore, this method is considered effective for its implementation in adults.

Does sinonasal cancer survival differ based on human papillomavirus status?

6565 Background: The sinonasal tract is a lesser known “hot spot” for the human papillomavirus (HPV), compared with the oropharynx. Additionally, unlike the oropharynx, the role of HPV tumor status in the survival and overall prognosis of the sinonasal tract and other non-oropharyngeal head and neck cancer sites remains inconclusive. Understanding differences in survival based on HPV status could be useful clinically, as it has been for HPV-positive oropharyngeal disease. This study examined whether there are survival differences in sinonasal cancer based on HPV status. Methods: This study included adult sinonasal cancer cases diagnosed between 2010 and 2015 in the National Cancer Database. A multivariable Cox proportional hazards model estimated the association between sinonasal cancer HPV status (HPV-positive, HPV-negative) and all-cause mortality while controlling for covariates (sex, age, race/ethnicity, insurance status, urban/rural, county-level household income, county-level percentage without high school diploma, comorbidity score, stage, histology, facility type, and treatment). A second multivariable proportional hazards model stratified HPV-positive tumor status by high-risk HPV (16, 18, 26, 31, 33, 35, 36, 45, 51, 52, 53, 56, 58, 59, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 73, 82, and 85) vs. low-risk HPV (6, 11, 32, 34, 40, 42, 44, 54, 61, 62, 64, 71, 72, 74, 81, 83, 84, 87, and 89) and compared their all-cause mortality to HPV-negative patients. Results: There were 1,750 sinonasal cancer patients included in this study, and 484 (27.7%) had HPV-positive disease. Among patients with HPV-positive disease, 75.6% had high-risk types. Mortality risk among all HPV-positive patients combined was 23% lower than HPV-negative patients (aHR = 0.77; 95% CI 0.64, 0.93). After stratifying by high-risk vs. low-risk HPV, high-risk HPV positive patients had 30% lower mortality risk than HPV-negative patients (aHR = 0.70; 95% CI 0.57, 0.88) while risk of mortality did not significantly differ between low-risk HPV-positive patients and HPV-negative sinonasal cancer patients. Conclusions: Sinonasal cancer shows differential survival based on HPV status, and sinonasal cancer patients positive for high-risk HPV had a significantly greater survival advantage than low-risk strains and those with HPV negative disease. HPV status might yet play a role in prognostication of sinonasal cancer, if future studies confirm these findings.

Práticas de leitura e desempenho na escrita de alunos do ensino médio

O objetivo desta pesquisa é verificar a relação entre desempenho na disciplina de língua portuguesa, variáveis sociodemográficas e práticas de leitura de aluno de ambos os sexos, regularmente matriculados no Ensino Médio no período noturno de escola da rede pública do Estado de São Paulo. Foi aplicado questionário semiestruturado organizado em dois campos: caracterização sociodemográfica e práticas de leitura. Também foram realizadas duas sessões de grupo focal e coletadas as notas atribuídas a cada participante na disciplina de língua portuguesa nos anos de 2014 e 2015. Os dados quantitativos foram analisados pela estatística descritiva (média e desvio - padrão). A análise dos dados textuais foi feita pela Classificação Hierárquica Descendente. Os resultados indicaram baixo desempenho na disciplina de língua portuguesa (média de 5,83) e baixa frequência de leitura (69%). Foi observado também que o melhor desempenho foi de alunos do sexo feminino que estavam concluindo o Ensino Médio. Os depoentes declararam aumento na frequência diária de leitura e maior dificuldade na compreensão nesta mesma etapa do Ensino Médio. Em relação ao gênero literário, declararam preferir aventura e ficção. De acordo com os depoentes, os professores são os que mais incentivam a leitura, seguidos da família e apontam como motivo principal do desinteresse pela leitura escolar a pouca autonomia dos alunos na escolha dos textos e a metodologia empregada pelos professores nas aulas. Conclui-se pela necessidade de estudos em diferentes contextos como forma de aprofundar a compreensão da relação entre leitura e desempenho na língua portuguesa.

CONCEPTUAL ANALYSIS OF THE GEOGRAPHY TRAINING OF THE COUNTRIES IN THE BULGARIAN SCHOOL

This article explores geography training for the countries in high school, first high school and second high school stage. Content - analysis, conceptual and situational analysis, place and themes, meaning and role, goals and expected results, vertical relationships and activities, number of school hours and new concepts, geographical algorithm for characterization of the country and principles of study, and other methodologies - didactic segments, have been tracked.Didactic models of country training in compulsory and profiled preparation have been made up. Network dependencies and intra-disciplinary synthesis between the studied countries, typical representatives of the region between primary and secondary education for compulsory and profiled preparation, are revealed.Country training covers grades V, VI, VII, IX, X and XI in compulsory and profiled preparation.The educational reform in Bulgaria since 2016 has enacted in geography and economics curricula in all classes of compulsory preparation, with the article focusing on the connection and integration between compulsory and profiled geography preparation of the countries. The processes of expanding, upgrading and deepening the educational content for geography training of the countries by classes, stages and degrees of education are explored.Contemporary trends in the development of geographical science are reflected in the curricula content of profiled geography and economics preparation.Country geography training and territorial differentiation by region in the world are part of modular training 4.The curricula regulates the countries of study by applying the traditional geographical algorithm to characterize a country: geographical location and borders; geopolitical influence in the region and the world; natural resource potential; geo - demographic processes; urban development and urbanization; economic development.Characterization of selected countries in the region is constructed regionally - territorial and typological principle in XI class: Northern Europe (Sweden), Western Europe (United Kingdom), Southern Europe (Spain), Central Europe (Poland), Eastern Europe (Ukraine), Central Asia (Kazakhstan), Far East (Indonesia), Middle East (Iran), Middle East (Israel). Profile training in XI grade promotes the development of students' abilities to reason, discuss, comment and evaluate different ideas and concepts independently, which extends the geographical culture of understanding and reasonable activity in the geographical space.The geography and economics training of the profiled preparation are set out the current and contemporary trends of geographical development - regionalization, ecologization, economization, technology, socialization.The curricula determines the training in regional geography, focusing on the formation of students' skills for: expressing critical thinking, analyzing information from different sources, developing a scientific thesis, choosing contemporary behaviors and exhibiting active citizenship, discussing the basic intra-regional problems, mapping of sub-regions, analyzing information from different sources, developing a scientific question or solving a geographic case.

Компетентностният подход и неговите литературнообразователни проекции в първи гимназиален етап (8.-10. кл)

In line with the current educational theses, this publication recognizes the role of competency approach in the contemporary literary education, focusing on the literary educational discourse in the first high school stage (grades 8-10). The development illustrates the functionalization of the competence approach in the teaching of literature in Bulgarian school, as well as its relation to the specific literary-educational approaches - thematic and intertextual. The research represents ideas for studying works included in the literature curricula (for the respective classes), combining scientific theses and literary-educational pragmatics, focusing on the development of the thematic chain "native and foreign" and the generated intertextual allusions.

Компетентностният подход и неговите литературнообразователни проекции в първи гимназиален етап (8.-10. кл)

In line with the current educational theses, this publication recognizes the role of competency approach in the contemporary literary education, focusing on the literary educational discourse in the first high school stage (grades 8-10). The development illustrates the functionalization of the competence approach in the teaching of literature in Bulgarian school, as well as its relation to the specific literary-educational approaches - thematic and intertextual. The research represents ideas for studying works included in the literature curricula (for the respective classes), combining scientific theses and literary-educational pragmatics, focusing on the development of the thematic chain "native and foreign" and the generated intertextual allusions.

중등교과서의 고려시기 내용요소와 급간 체계화 방안

This study tried to review the research achievements of the learned circles of the Goryeo Dynasty history. It is to extract the central content elements that explain the time period, and to systematize them on the base of differences, between middle and high schools, fundamental aspects of history education.BR We have experienced that the possible options under current circumstances are limited. Because the issue of systematization has been raised repeatedly and negative views have been submitted to the discussion itself, despite the changes in the curriculum taking into account the systematization. If so, the most realistic approach at this time is to review the learning elements from the bottom up, to organize them around the core elements, and to apply them to 2015 school curriculum which was the most recent curriculum.BR On the other hand, it is believed that in the to long term, it is necessary to find out the ways to systematize content elements according to the times, which is the core of history. The long term method of systematization is to allow middle school students to discern the signs of the historical changes of more than 100 years. In the high school stage, through the descriptions of major topic history, the long term method is to explore also the changes of dynastic units, and to compare premodern history and modern history.

Obstacles to using the Laboratory in Teaching Physics from the Point of View of The Physics Secondary School Teachers in the Central District Directorates in Jordan: معوقات استخدام المختبر في تدريس الفيزياء من وجهة نظر معلمي الفيزياء للمرحلة الثانوية في مديريات إقليم وسط الأردن

This study aimed at identifying the obstacles that face Physic teachers while using the laboratories in teaching high school stages in the Central District Directorates in Jordan, as the researcher conducted an analytical survey through distributing a questioner including five dimensions, which are; the laboratory technician, tools and machineries, physics syllabus and school’s schedules, librarian and teacher and students. The random sample consisted of a number (90) are all male and female teachers high school stage physic teachers in the Central District Directorates. The findings of the study showed that the most challenging obstacles were as followed using the laboratory had the mean (3.86), physics syllabus and school’s schedule had the mean (3.85), librarian and teacher had the mean (3.77), students had the mean (3.57) and at the end tools and machineries had the mean (3.51). All of which are rated (high). Therefore, there was not any statistical significant among all the means that hinder using laboratories among high school physic teachers’ attitudes in the Central District Directorates due to the limitation of teachers’ experiences. According to the study there were number of recommendations in order to overcome the obstacles and difficulties of using the laboratory by physic teachers in Jordan 's schools in general. The necessity of providing the following requirements such as having big laboratory in each school with a special lab had the mean (3.77), the needed instruments, supplying electricity and water, gas and safety conditions. Also, shorting the number of students to accommodate the space of labs. Supervisors visits should be carefully scheduled to lead teachers as well as trainings and workshops to increase teacher profitability. Further studies are recommended on the role of schools administrations in making school labs more effective and another study on virtual labs in helping physic teacher making experiments and making labs experiments guidance alongside with automated exams

Students’ Mastering of Structural Analysis of Substance as a Method to Form Future Specialists’ Scientific Thinking. Part II

Introduction. In today’s knowledge society, the amount of scientific-applied information, which university graduates have to acquire, continues to increase continuously. There is a concurrent reduction in the number of study hours to undertake educational programmes in order to increase the hours for students’ independent work. Against this background, higher school is required to increase future experts’ competencies. Therefore, the content of fundamental and special disciplines of entire period of training and independent work of students should be thoroughly coordinated by increasing students’ motivation to self-education and self-development. Classroom-based and independent learning of disciplines and sections of fundamental academic courses, especially chemistry, is impossible without formation of students’ scientific thinking. Today, it is difficult to consider the activity of most professionals without the ability to think scientifically: active expansion of science into professional sphere has a strong tendency to be increased.The aim of the present research is to show the possibilities of formation and development of scientific thinking in the students of natural-scientific and technical directions of education using the example of studying of one of the elements of programmes in chemistry (the method of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis).Methodology and research methods. The research was carried out on the basis of competency-based, systematic and interdisciplinary approaches. The methods of analysis, synthesis, integration, differentiation and compactification of fundamental knowledge and training material were used.Results and scientific novelty. The high potential of chemical education for formation of scientific thinking, subject content (chemical), natural-scientific and holistic scientific thinking is emphasised. However, chemistry education in higher education institution is complicated by the absence of the unified structure of fundamental preparation, the preservation of extensive approach to the content of chemical disciplines, the irrational organisation of students’ independent work, which now is accounted for a half of instructional time. Overcoming these problems lies in the dialectic unity of fundamental and practice-oriented knowledge, which is provided by the compliance with the principles of continuity and interdisciplinarity. It is necessary to provide deductive structurisation of training material in order to give integrity and systemacity to the content of education, without which it is impossible to create a comprehensive natural-scientific picture of the world in students. The key initial element of vocational training stimulating the formation of reflexive skills and scientific thinking of future experts is mastering by students of a categorical-conceptual framework of science, which is consistently and comprehensively revealed throughout a high school stage of education. The authors designated phases of development of scientific thinking (formal-logical, reflexive-theoretical, hypothetico-deductive thinking), which are not clearly differentiated due to interpenetration and entanglement of their components and identity of thought processes in terms of their speed and quality. However, the allocation of these stages allows to structure and to correct the content of educational material taking into account the characteristics and the level of students’ readiness.From these standpoints, the expediency of more detailed examination of the NMR method is proved within the disciplines such as “Chemistry”, “General Chemistry”, “Inorganic Chemistry” and “Analytical Chemistry” (a part of material about the NMR method can be worked out by students independently). This method, based on one phenomenon, includes hundreds of various types of the experiments, which are intended for receiving particular information. The NMR method is widely used both in scientific research, including master’s thesis, and in the most various manufacturing spheres. Today, the spectroscopy of NMR is recognised as the most powerful informative and perspective method of structural analysis of substance. The fundamental nature, interdisciplinarity and universality of the method provide students with basic professional knowledge on physics, chemistry, medicine, biology, technology and ecology. The authors of the present research propose the option of configuration of educational information on NMR. According to the suggested version, the principle of work is the following: firstly, bachelors study the system of key concepts and terms, moving gradually from formal-logical to substantial generalisations; then, students learn to explain the phenomena scientifically and to make forecasts, and, as a result, they become the “owners” of hypothetico-deductive thinking. The acquired competencies are the key to professional literacy, which is improved in master’s degree programme, when the previously compactified scientific knowledge in a contracted form is developed in the form suitable for an optimal solution of a particular research or practical aim. The similar scheme of vocational training makes it possible to overcome traditional orientation of high school programmes of the natural-science block (i.e. retention of permanently growing amount of factual material).Practical significance. The research materials can be useful for methodologists of the higher school, for experts engaged in methodological development and the organisation of educational process, for high school teachers of chemistry and related disciplines, for post-graduate students and master’s students of chemical and chemico-technological specialties as well.

Students’ Mastering of Structural Analysis of Substance as a Method to Form Future Specialists’ Scientific Thinking. Part I

Introduction. In today’s knowledge society, the amount of scientificapplied information, which university graduates have to acquire, continues to increase continuously. There is a concurrent reduction in the number of study hours to undertake educational programmes in order to increase the hours for students’ independent work. Against this background, higher school is required to increase future experts’ competencies. Therefore, the content of fundamental and special disciplines of entire period of training and independent work of students should be thoroughly coordinated by increasing students’ motivation to self-education and self-development. Classroom-based and independent learning of disciplines and sections of fundamental academic courses, especially chemistry, is impossible without formation of students’ scientific thinking. Today, it is difficult to consider the activity of most professionals without the ability to think scientifically: active expansion of science into professional sphere has a strong tendency to be increased.The aim of the present research is to show the possibilities of formation and development of scientific thinking in the students of natural-scientific and technical directions of education using the example of studying of one of the elements of programmes in chemistry (the method of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis).Methodology and research methods. The research was carried out on the basis of competency-based, systematic and interdisciplinary approaches. The methods of analysis, synthesis, integration, differentiation and compactification of fundamental knowledge and training material were used.Results and scientific novelty. The high potential of chemical education for formation of scientific thinking, subject content (chemical), natural-scientific and holistic scientific thinking is emphasised. However, chemistry education in higher education institution is complicated by the absence of the unified structure of fundamental preparation, the preservation of extensive approach to the content of chemical disciplines, the irrational organisation of students’ independent work, which now is accounted for a half of instructional time. Overcoming these problems lies in the dialectic unity of fundamental and practice-oriented knowledge, which is provided by the compliance with the principles of continuity and interdisciplinarity. It is necessary to provide deductive structurisation of training material in order to give integrity and systemacity to the content of education, without which it is impossible to create a comprehensive natural-scientific picture of the world in students. The key initial element of vocational training stimulating the formation of reflexive skills and scientific thinking of future experts is mastering by students of a categoricalconceptual framework of science, which is consistently and comprehensively revealed throughout a high school stage of education. The authors designated phases of development of scientific thinking (formal-logical, reflexive-theoretical, hypotheticodeductive thinking), which are not clearly differentiated due to interpenetration and entanglement of their components and identity of thought processes in terms of their speed and quality. However, the allocation of these stages allows to structure and to correct the content of educational material taking into account the characteristics and the level of students’ readiness. From these standpoints, the expediency of more detailed examination of the NMR method is proved within the disciplines such as “Chemistry”, “General Chemistry”, “Inorganic Chemistry” and “Analytical Chemistry” (a part of material about the NMR method can be worked out by students independently). This method, based on one phenomenon, includes hundreds of various types of the experiments, which are intended for receiving particular information. The NMR method is widely used both in scientific research, including master’s thesis, and in the most various manufacturing spheres. Today, the spectroscopy of NMR is recognised as the most powerful informative and perspective method of structural analysis of substance. The fundamental nature, interdisciplinarity and universality of the method provide students with basic professional knowledge on physics, chemistry, medicine, biology, technology and ecology. The authors of the present research propose the option of configuration of educational information on NMR. According to the suggested version, the principle of work is the following: firstly, bachelors study the system of key concepts and terms, moving gradually from formal-logical to substantial generalisations; then, students learn to explain the phenomena scientifically and to make forecasts, and, as a result, they become the “owners” of hypothetico-deductive thinking. The acquired competencies are the key to professional literacy, which is improved in master’s degree programme, when the previously compactified scientific knowledge in a contracted form is developed in the form suitable for an optimal solution of a particular research or practical aim. The similar scheme of vocational training makes it possible to overcome traditional orientation of high school programmes of the natural-science block (i.e. retention of permanently growing amount of factual material).Practical significance. The research materials can be useful for methodologists of the higher school, for experts engaged in methodological development and the organisation of educational process, for high school teachers of chemistry and related disciplines, for post-graduate students and master’s students of chemical and chemico-technological specialties as well.

Semantic Mapping or Rote Memorisation: Which Strategy Is More Effective for Students’ Acquisition and Memorization of L2 Vocabulary?

The present paper aimed to compare the influence of two vocabulary teaching strategies on students’ vocabulary retention—roughly used in this paper to refer to the process of acquisition and memorisation. In particular, the strategies of semantic mapping and rote memorisation were compared and contrasted within a trail of evidence-based data gathered systematically from two ESL classes in an international school in the Emirate of Sharjah in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The participants of the study were 30 male students who were in grade 12, the last stage of high school in the UAE educational system. The participants were randomly divided into two groups: a control group and an experimental group. In order to measure the impact of the two strategies under investigation on the students’ vocabulary retention, the two groups sat for a pre-test and a posttest. The intervention that took place between the two tests lasted for three weeks. The results showed that the students’ retrieval of the target vocabulary words improved as a result of implementing both strategies, but that the improvement which resulted from the use of semantic mapping overrode that which ensued from rote memorisation.

DISCUSSION AND EXPERIMENTATION WITH MATERIALS AND TECHNIQUES

One of the currently vital problems in the Arts education in comprehensive schools has been examined in the article, namely: the issue of forming and developing practical skills of students in the creative process of artistic activities. This developing in the educational practice reflects the visual concepts and degree of knowledge applied creatively in the educational tasks. The practical skills themselves reveal the gist and specific features of Arts as a subject and that is why the research done in this direction is realized in devising an experimental educational model called Discussion and Experimentation with Materials and Techniques. The model comprises educational tasks and approaches for mastering materials and techniques in section Paintings and has been approbated at a high school stage. Nevertheless, it can prove useful with certain grades in Middle school as well. We also believe that discussion experimenting can be successfully applied in other sections of Arts teaching such as Graphics, Sculpture and Decorative Applied Arts. The essence of the educational model suggested by the author is basically a combination of two separate methods supplemented at times in the process of learning by other teaching methods. The first one of the above mentioned is Experimenting with materials and techniques, which is typical for the area under observation and the other one is the interactive method discussion with a broader scope of application in Didactics and partial Pedagogy. As a whole the experimentation model can be defined as interactive in character as the traditional methods /educational narrative and demonstration/ utilized in the introduction of the lesson are intertwined with the interactive reciprocity of the discussion. The main aim of the model and the discussion as well is to stimulate the interest of the students and motivate them for better performance. Compared to traditional educational techniques and technologies, the subsequent results in practice of the model’s approbation prove it more effective in forming and successful developing of artistic skills in students.

RESEARCH ON THE NORMATIVE PROVISION OF THE EDUCATION SYSTEM WITH A FOCUS ON THE SUBJECT PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND SPORT

In the last four years there have been a number of changes in the field of secondary education in the country, which are basically of a normative nature. Following the processes of regulation and functioning of the education system in the country, we decided to study the basic normative documents that regulate and have relation to the subject Physical Education and Sport. The method by which we conducted the study is research and analysis of literary and documentary sources. As a result of the research carried out, we have identified changes in the structure of the educational system, which have an immense impact on the state of the educational requirements and the content of the subject curricula. The conclusions of the conducted survey are as follows: 1. The already approved legal framework, which regulates the secondary education system in the country, is based on a qualitatively new approach in education, which leads to both structural and functional changes in the system. 2. The subject of Physical Education and Sports remains obligatory for all pupils at all stages and levels of the education system, except for those who are trained under the "Dual Training" system in the second high school stage. 3. In the approved curricula of Physical Education and Sport, there are many repetitions of the learning content in the different stages and grades, which is a prerequisite for loss of training hours and non-observance of the principles and particularities of the training in motor activities.

The Role Of The Teacher In Enhancing Social Responsibility At High School Stage

The current research aimed at identifying The role of the teacher in enhancing social responsibility at the students according to following fields ( concern , understanding and participation ) in accordance with all sample , gender ( male , female ) , besides difference indication regarding the role of the teacher in enhancing social responsibility at the students according to following fields (concern, understanding and participation) basing of gender variable .The researcher adopted a scale to measure the role of the teacher in enhancing social responsibility at the students of high school stage , consisted of ( 34) paragraphs , distributed into three fields (concern - with 10 paragraphs for measurement , understanding- 12 paragraphs for measurement and participation – with 12 paragraphs for measurement .This scale was applied to a sample of the teachers , amount of (100) teachers from both genders in halves .After statistic processing of obtained data from the sample , we reached to the following results:
 
 Weak teacher role in enhancing social responsibility at the students of high school stage in fields of ( concern , understanding and participation ) .
 
 There is differences with statistic indication in enhancing social responsibility at the students of high school stage according to gender variable as the difference was for the favor of females teachers

(The importance of academic guidance)

(The importance of academic guidance) This study is concerned with how students are required to be directed prior to accepting to a university. Such guidance could be continued after students being admitted to the university psychologically, socially, scientifically, behaviorally and personally. This subject covers three parts: FirstPart : This is associated with how students are to be guided before accepting in a university both educationally and academically; for instance, students should be aware of whichacademic specialization they have to choose in line with their willingness and ambitions to be appropriate with their scientific abilities and in a way that to be associated with creating a job in market. Moreover,such awareness must be launched at last stage of high school so that students can have full information as to selecting their scientific departments at universities. Besides, this guidance should include moral aspect of students; for example,students' awareness should be raised fitted with the manners of their lives at universities, their behaviours with opposite sex, male or female, the way of their behaviours with teachers at universities, the way of taking advantage of technology and Internet, social media sites in particular Facebook. SecondPart : This focuses on the significance of students within university academically. In this sense, the education and the science do not possess any values if students are not directed to a right and respectable behaviour. This is due to the fact that students are akin to a column for asociety; the more students have good education, the better and more successful the society will be. In this respect, university is one of the foundations which is concerned with preparing students and raising their behaviors and moralities; hence, university should greatly shed light on the issue of directing students so that they can pay attention to their lectures and assignments in a way that prevents them from playingtruant,tests postponements, plagiarism and cheating,smoking or becoming addiction to drugs and alcohols , the rise of failures in exams , the way of treating with teachers at university. All of these factors have an adverse effect on students;therefore, it is of particular interest a high priority is given to the issue of students directing academically,psychologically,socially,vocationally, morally and personally. ThirdPart : It deals with the problem of to what extent public universities of Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG) have placed importance on the issue of directing students. Conclusion : finally some findings regarding the study will be presented.

An analysis of practical activities for the first stage of high school based on GLP

This paper aimed to analyze the content of the practical activities of the physics writers for the first stage of high school according to the standards of the good educational laboratory (GLP). In order to achieve this objective, the researcher reviewed the studies that dealt with the good educational laboratory and its requirements. It prepared a list of the GLP standards, which consisted of (4) fields and (55) standard, and then presented them to a group of experts and specialists in the methods of teaching science and quality of education to express their opinions and observations. The analytical descriptive approach was used as a tool for analyzing the physics book content in light of the GLP standards. The content of the practical activities of the authors of physics for the first stage of high school preparatory to a very A low percentage, where the proportion of inclusion (31.2%). It was also found that there was did not adopt a standard through which to prepare practical activities according to the GLP standards. These findings indicate that the GLP standards should be included in physics books activities for the importance of activities in stimulating students thinking and making them able to explore.

교육을 받을 권리에 관한 연구

본 연구는 우리 헌법이 명시적으로 규정하고 있는 교육을 받을 권리 조항(헌법 제31조 제1항)과 관련된 헌법적 문제들에 대하여 고찰하였다. 헌법 제31조 제1항에 보장된 교육을 받을 권리는 문구(文句)의 규정양식, 제정 연혁, 실효적 보장의 조건 등을 고려할 때, ""좁은 의미"의 학습권이 중심이 되는 기본권"이다. 따라서 체계적인 시스템과 무관한 이른바 "자기교육(自己敎育)"으로서 광의의 학습권은, 다른 헌법적 가치의 보호아래 놓여있다고 볼 수 있다. 그 중 고등학교 무상교육 또는 의무교육제도는 우리나라 헌법에서 보장하고 있는 교육받을 권리를 실질적으로 보장하고 교육기회의 평등을 실현하는 데 기여할 수 있으며, 또한 고등학교 의무교육 또는 무상교육에 대한 국민의 요구 정도와 외국의 사례에 비추어 볼 때 고등학교 무상교육 또는 의무교육의 정당성은 확보된다. 무상교육의 범위와 관련하여서 헌법상 교육의 기회균등을 실현하기 위해 필수불가결한 비용, 즉 모든 학생이 의무교육을 받음에 있어서 경제적인 차별 없이 수학하는 데 반드시 필요한 비용은 수업료나 입학금의 면제, 학교와 교사 등 인적ㆍ물적 기반 및 그 기반을 유지하기 위한 인건비와 시설유지비, 신규시설투자비 등의 비용이라고 볼 수 있다. 무상교육 또는 의무교육은 국가의 중요한 교육제도 중의 하나로 볼 수 있다. 따라서 이에 대한 법적 근거는 국민의 대의기관인 국회에서 법률로 제정하는 것이 타당할 것이다. This study examined the Constitutional cases related to Article 31 Clause 1. The traditional interpretations made by academic constitutional studies are limited. Their shortcomings may stem from confusion concerning the concept and characteristics of the right to education, as stated in Article 31 (1) of the Constitution. The Right to Education recognized in Article 31 (1) of the Constitution, when considering its provisional form, its year of adoption and the terms of actual protection expressed in its phrasing, is a ""narrow interpretation" of the basic right focusing on the Right to Learn." Therefore, a wider interpretation of the Right to Learn, independent from the structured system of education, is protected under a different constitutional value. Applying compulsory education to high school stage in Korea could contribute to realizing equity in education, demand of stake holders and foreign countries" cases support implementing the high school tuition policy. The coverage of tuition includes admission fee and school supplies. Tuition free or compulsory education is one of major institutions of education, so it needs to be stipulated on the law by the National Assembly in Korea.