High School Sports Research Articles

Feasibility of electrocardiogram screening in the USA prior to high school sport participation

BackgroundSudden cardiac death in young athletes is a catastrophic event with an incidence of 1:40,000–1:80,000. Pre-participation sport screening utilizes a 14-point targeted evaluation. Recently, some states have added an ECG to the traditional history and physical. ObjectivesThe study describes a large-scale ECG screening program for middle and high school students. The aim is to depict important components, partners, and plans that can be adopted by other municipalities to help prevent sudden cardiac arrest in this population. MethodsIn 2019, Brevard County School Board in Florida mandated ECGs before participation in middle and high school sports. They partnered with a non-profit group that provides ECGs for a $20.00 fee. Volunteer pediatric cardiologists interpreted the ECGs. Results were emailed to participants, and abnormal results received a phone call to ensure appropriate follow-up care. ResultsThere were 5877 ECG screenings between 4/1/19–12/31/19 with 3% (199/5877) abnormal: 30% (60/199) ventricular conduction, 26% (51/199) arrhythmias, 13% (25/199) ventricular hypertrophy/chamber enlargement, 11% (21/199) ST-T abnormalities, 8% (16/199) prolonged QTc, 6% (12/199) WPW syndrome, and 4% (7/199) AV conduction and axis deviation. The incidence of critical heart disease with a risk of sudden cardiac arrest was 0.1% (8/5877) in those with a confirmed final diagnosis: 6 who underwent an ablation procedure for WPW syndrome, 1 with gene-positive long QTc, and 1 with left ventricular hypertrophy who is undergoing genetic evaluation for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. ConclusionsTo our knowledge, this is the first large school district in Florida to mandate this level of cardiovascular screening. This pilot project demonstrates that large volume ECG screening prior to school sport participation is feasible at a low cost when utilizing appropriate manpower and providing access to follow up-care.

The Black Athlete in West Virginia: High School and College Sports from 1900 through the End of Segregation

As of 2021, West Virginia's two Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs), Bluefield State and West Virginia State, are the only two in the country that have a majority white student body. Both compete today in NCAA Division II intercollegiate sports and receive much less funding than the state's largest public colleges, Marshall University and West Virginia University. Despite such demographic and financial changes in the past fifty years of West Virginia higher education, there is a rich history of African American colleges and high schools in the state, and this is especially true for African American athletic achievement. For example, the Pittsburgh Courier voted Bluefield State in 1927 and 1928 and West Virginia State in 1936 as Black-college national co-champions in football, yet neither college enjoyed much athletic-program success following desegregation. The story of how these two colleges changed from national African American football powerhouses to majority-white universities is but one analyzed within The Black Athlete in West Virginia, but it is perhaps the central, most critical theme.In what is the work's strongest chapter, the authors trace how Bluefield State and West Virginia State became the first HBCUs in the United States to join a white-colleges-only athletic conference, in their case, the West Virginia Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (WVIAC). Both university presidents were strong believers in desegregation, and both initiated the process of joining WVIAC themselves within months of the Brown v. Board ruling. Within about six months, WVIAC college presidents met and approved both schools’ applications to join. Just like that, a West Virginia collegiate sport league was integrated, a relatively direct process that contrasts with the turmoil-filled integration stories present in chapters on Marshall and West Virginia University. But like so many civil rights stories, this simple narrative was not so cut and dry.Joining the WVIAC was celebrated among most in the two colleges, but some felt African American academic leadership betrayed Black athletes and that WVIAC membership was a step backward. First, the best African American teams from West Virginia colleges had a chance of being recognized as the national Black-college champion. This honor, typically determined by the votes of Black newspapers, was forfeited with WVIAC membership. Next, while desegregation was recognized by an overwhelming majority as a social good, the growing number of white students at each HBCU—especially Bluefield State—led to social conflict within a decade of joining the WVIAC. “While other campuses erupted in protests over the Vietnam War,” the authors write, “Bluefield's black students protested what they believed was a move by the state of West Virginia to make Bluefield State a white college and to erase its cultural heritage as a historically black college” (150). A bomb planted by an unknown perpetrator exploded in the campus physical education building in 1968. In response, the university closed its dormitories, effectively making the college a white commuter college (the surrounding county population was just 7 percent African American). Throughout all this, Bluefield State maintained a strong basketball culture largely comprised of out-of-state African American players, and social division grew.The only shortcoming in this well-researched book is that its title is a misnomer. It would have been better named “The Black Basketball and Football College Athlete in West Virginia.” Of the book's ten chapters, four are exclusively about basketball, and another four are more generally about school integration, with basketball and football serving as major cultural landmarks. Women's sports, high school sports, and other men's collegiate sports do receive an occasional mention, such as future US Olympic wrestler Bobby Douglas, but more of these examples would have provided greater depth. For instance, famed African American sportswriter Wendell Smith played baseball at West Virginia State College. Smith claimed that a white Major League scout told him that he would never be signed to a lucrative contract due to professional baseball's color barrier, at which point Smith promised himself to fight for baseball integration. He would go on to be a pivotal character in Jackie Robinson's story, which began for Smith on a baseball diamond just outside Charleston, West Virginia. Regardless, this is a strong contribution to sport history, to the history of school desegregation, and to West Virginia history. Anyone with interest in any of these topics should consider this work a top priority.

Physical Activity and Game Play Ability in a High School Sport Education Basketball Season

To date, there is limited research investigating physical activity levels during a sport education season in high school physical education settings and how these are affected by ability levels. The aim of this study was to investigate (1) how students' game play in basketball would improve during a sport education season as a function of ability level, and (2) how students' MVPA levels differ as a function of game play ability. One class with 21 high school students (aged 16-18) participated in a 14-day sport education basketball season. Prior to and upon completion of the season, students' 3v3 basketball game play performance was assessed. Three mixed ability teams were composed with an equal gender distribution. The System of Observing Fitness Instruction Time (SOFIT) was used to collect students' MVPA during the season. Repeated measures ANOVA detected a significant improvement in game play ability from 52% (range: 28%-68%) to 84% (range: 60%-100%) for high– as well as low-ability students, p < .001. High-ability students engaged in MVPA for 65% during team practice and 49% during game play. Low-ability students had consistently lower MVPA values than high-ability students (41% vs 55%), p <.01, with 56% of MVPA during team practice and 34% during game play. All students spent more than 40% of team practice and game play in vigorous physical activity. We concluded that both high-and low-ability high school students improved their game play and their ability level affected MVPA levels during the sport education basketball season. High-ability students met the 50% MVPA benchmark during team practice and game play, whereas low-ability students only met this guideline during team practice.

The Effect of Exercise Addiction Levels of Physical Education and Sports School and Sports High School Students on Healthy Living Skills

The aim of this study is to examine the effects of exercise addiction levels of physical education and sports school and sports high school students on healthy living skills. The research group consists of 269 (88 female, 181 male) volunteer students studying at Bitlis Eren University School of Physical Education and Sports (124 people) and Bitlis Ziya Eren Sports High School (145 people). In the research, “Personal Information Form” was used as data collection tool, “Exercise Addiction Scale” to determine students’ exercise addiction levels, and “Healthy Living Skills Scale” to determine students’ healthy life levels. The data were analyzed with SPSS 22 statistical package program. Significance level was accepted as p &lt; 0.05. In line with the findings obtained from the research, it was determined that there was a positive and low-level significant relationship between the exercise addiction and healthy living skills scales and the sub-dimensions of the scales. With the gender variable, the total and sub-dimensions of the exercise addiction scale, postponement of individual-social needs and emotional change, tolerance development and passion sub-dimension; the type of school variable and the sub-dimensions of the exercise addiction scale, hyperfocus and emotion change sub-dimension; health priority sub-dimension, which is one of the sub-dimensions of the healthy living skills scale with the height variable; It was determined that there was a statistically significant difference between the exercise frequency variable and the total score of the exercise addiction scale and the sub-dimensions of the scale, extreme focus and emotion change, tolerance development and passion total score (p &lt; 0.05).

Exploration of the Application Status and Prospect of Sports Games in Junior High School Sports Teaching

Exploration of the Application Status and Prospect of Sports Games in Junior High School Sports Teaching

A STUDY OF THE STUDENTS’ PARTICIPATION MOTIVE IN HIGH SCHOOL SPORTS CLUB

The purpose of this study was to explore students’ participation motive in High school sports clubs in a qualitative research manner. The research participants included 15 High school students who joined the sports club. The research was performed using conducting one-to-one deep interviews through semi-structured questionnaires. The interview data were analyzed in combination with field notes and focus group interview data to construct a mental process of the High school students in joining the sports club by utilization of a grounded theory approach. The results showed that: there were four high-order topics of the students for joining the sports clubs, namely Self-Demand, Social Support, Interpersonal Interaction and Self-Actualization. The Self-Demand contains four low-order topics; interest, pressure resistance promotion, physical fitness promotion and focused promotion. Social Support contains three low-order topics; peer influence, family support and teacher support. Interpersonal Interaction contains two low-order topics; cooperation and respect. Finally, Self-Actualization contains two low-order topics; the inspiration of potency and sense of accomplishment. It was concluded that the High school students joined the sports club due to meeting the self-demand, being influenced by the social support, suffering from the interpersonal interaction with good learning students, and inspiring the possibility of self-actualization.

40. Is it Really Getting Better? Changing Disparities in Sexual Minority Adolescents’ Sport Participation

Physical activity during adolescence is linked to improved physical health, mental health, BMI, academic performance, and motor skill development. Despite such benefits, there is a global decline in sports participation among adolescents. Sexual minority adolescents are particularly vulnerable to disengaging from physical activity, and particularly from organized (coached) sports, likely because they experience a sense of exclusion and lack of safety within high school sports culture. Disparities in regular sports participation have previously been identified between heterosexual and sexual minority adolescents (aged 12-19) in British Columbia, Canada.

The Epidemiology of Ankle Sprains in US High School Sports, 2011-2012 to 2018-2019 Academic Years.

Continued monitoring of ankle sprain rates and distributions is needed to assess temporal patterns and gauge how changes in incidence may be associated with prevention efforts. To describe the epidemiology of ankle sprains in 16 US high school sports during the 2011-2012 to 2018-2019 school years. Descriptive epidemiology study. Online injury surveillance from high school sports. High school athletes who participated in practices and competitions during the 2011-2012 to 2018-2019 school years. A convenience sample of high school athletic trainers provided injury and athlete-exposure (AE) data to the National High School Sports-Related Injury Surveillance Study (data provided by High School Reporting Information Online [HS RIO]). Ankle sprain rates per 10 000 AEs with 95% CIs and distributions were calculated. Yearly rates were examined overall and by event type, injury mechanism, and recurrence. Overall, 9320 ankle sprains were reported (overall rate = 2.95/10 000 AEs; 95% CI = 2.89, 3.01). The highest sport-specific rates were reported in girls' basketball (5.32/10 000 AEs), boys' basketball (5.13/10 000 AEs), girls' soccer (4.96/10 000 AEs), and boys' football (4.55/10 000 AEs). Most ankle sprains occurred during competition (54.3%) and were due to contact with another person (39.5%) or noncontact (35.0%). Also, 14.5% of injuries were recurrent. Across the included academic years, ankle sprain rates generally increased. Compared with the 2011-2012 academic year, rates in the 2018-2019 academic year overall were 22% higher; noncontact-related and recurrent ankle sprain rates also generally increased by 91% and 29%, respectively. Time trends suggested that ankle sprain rates have increased across the past decade, particularly among those with noncontact-related mechanisms, contrasting with previous research that indicated decreases in incidence. These findings may pinpoint specific etiologic factors that should direct prevention efforts, including considering both person-contact and noncontact mechanisms by mitigating illegal contact through rule changes and enforcement, as well as bracing and proprioceptive and balance-training programs.

Administrative Perspective on Violence in School Environment in Official High Schools (Sample of Bursa Province)

In this study; it is aimed to determine the opinions of school administrators about the situation, time, place, the groups and the reasons of the violence incidents experienced in the level of students, teachers, administrators and parents in official high schools in Bursa. Phenomenological design, one of the qualitative research methods, was used in the study. The research sample consists of 54 official high school administrators. A semi-structured interview form developed by the researchers was used as a data collection tool in the study. Interviews were held with 54 school administrators. The data were analyzed with categorical content analysis and frequency analysis, which are among the types of content analysis. Results have been obtained based on the research findings. It can be said that, the fact that violence is experienced more intensely in vocational and technical high school because students experience more intense uncertainty about determining goals for the future and in sports high schools may be due to the fact that students participate more in physical activities, have more physical strength and have difficulty controlling their physical strength when they get angry because they have difficulty in controlling their anger as of their age.

The Role of Athlete Competitiveness in High School Sport Specialization in the United States.

Background:Sport specialization has been associated with increased injury and negative psychosocial effects on young athletes. With the continuing trend toward specialization, studies have begun to examine what motivates this decision (eg, building a skill, getting a scholarship). No study has directly assessed the personal characteristics underlying these stated reasons.Purpose/Hypothesis:This study examined the role of athlete competitiveness (enjoyment of competition and competitive contentiousness) as a characteristic associated with propensity to specialize in the United States. We hypothesized that, at the high school level, athletes would be more likely to engage in sport specialization owing to enjoyment of competition versus competitive contentiousness.Study Design:Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3.Methods:We conducted an online survey of 975 high school athletes in the United States who were recruited via the Dynata research panel. Measures included a previously published sport specialization categorization (low, medium, high) and the 2 dimensions of the Revised Competitiveness Index (enjoyment of competition and competitive contentiousness). Also collected were athlete characteristics, sports played by the athletes, level of competition, and whether they planned to play sports in college. Analytical methods employed included cross-tabulations, multinomial logit, and ordinary least squares regression.Results:Overall, 22.4% of the athletes reported a high, 34.8% reported a medium, and 42.9% reported a small level of specialization. No differences in the distribution of sport specialization by sex or age were observed; however, athletes who definitely planned to play in college were significantly more likely to have a high level of specialization (P < .001). Enjoyment of competition was associated with greater specialization (beta = .196; P < .001), whereas competitive contentiousness was associated with lower levels of specialization (beta = −.299; P < .001). These findings were robust to all 3 different analytical methods we employed.Conclusion:Study findings indicated that, while athlete competitiveness is associated with sport specialization, the nature of that competitiveness determined the association. Being an argumentative contrarian may predispose athletes to lower levels of sport specialization, whereas enjoying competition may encourage higher levels of specialization.

Investigation of the Level of Susceptibility to Ethical Values of Sports High School Students

Aim: This study aims to determine the predisposition of students studying at Malatya Sports High School to ethical values. Methods: This is an applied study in the form of a descriptive survey model. The population consists of 371 students who continue their education at Malatya Sports High School in the 2021-2022 academic year, and the sample group consists of randomly selected 188 students at Malatya Sports High School. “Predisposition to Ethical Values Scale” developed by Kaya was used in the study. The Cronbach's Alpha value of the scale was found as 0.89, and the Cronbach's alpha values of the sub-dimensions were determined as 0.80 for 'Love, Respect', 0.86 for 'Justice, honesty' and 0.74 for 'Cooperation'. Results: Following the study, there is no significant difference found in the predisposition of students at Malatya Sports High School to ethical values according to the variables of gender, age, class, educational background of father and mother. A significant difference was found according to the variable of family income. It was determined that this difference emerged between the sub-dimensions of love-respect and justice-honesty. Conclusion: We can say that sports high school students who receive sports training will stay away from unethical behaviors as a result of the positive behaviors they learn from educational activities at school, trainings and their teammates. Keywords: Sports, Student, Ethical, Value

Investigation of the Creative Drama Levels of Teacher Candidates who Study at University According to Different Variables

Introduction: In this study, pre-service teachers' attitudes towards creative drama in the Physical Education Sports High School (PESC) and classroom teaching departments at Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University in the 2019-2020 Academic year were measured with different variables. Material and Methods: The Drama Creative Drama Attitude Scale developed by Okvuran (2000) was applied to 120 prospective teachers, 58 of which were PESC and 62 of which were primary school teachers. SPSS program was used for data analysis. Frequency, descriptive statistics, correlation, t-test, ANOVA and Exploratory Factor Analysis (AFA) were used in the analysis. Results: It was found that there was a negative relationship between the attitudes towards drama and critical attitudes towards drama among the dimensions obtained with EFA. In addition, a statistically significant positive relationship was found between individual attitudes and attitudes towards drama. In addition, it was found that there was a significant difference in gender critical attitudes in favor of female participants. According to their departments, a significant difference was found in critical attitudes. A significant difference was found in favor of high school compared to Anatolian high school. Conclusions: As a result, it was determined that the sample's perspective on creative drama was positive. KeyWords: Creative Drama, Prospective Teachers, University

External stressors prior to traumatic knee injury: A cohort study on youth athletes.

Background:Data on external stressors, such as social and environment variables and other "life events", and its relation to injury in youth athletic population are scarce. Investigating if external stressors is associated with injury risk may help coaches and other team staff to provide a more safe sport environment. The aim of the present study was to evaluate different aspects of external stressors and its potential association to traumatic knee injury in youth athletes.Methods:This study comprised of youth female and male athletes from Swedish national sports high schools, aged 15–19 years, participating and competing in soccer, handball, or floorball. The athletes recorded any traumatic knee injury that had occurred during high-school in a web-based injury form. Data on external stressors and subjective perceived stress was also collected.Results:The majority (60%) of stress factors noted was related to sport context. More athletes in the injured group of athletes reported life event stressor (p=0.001) and experienced stress more often (p=0.02) compared to the group of non-injured athletes. No differences between injured and non-injured athletes in terms of change of club, team coach, training protocol or game formation were noted (p&gt;0.05). A weak correlation (r=0.20, p=0.02) was found between the number of stressors and injuries.Conclusions:A high prevalence of external stressors are present in youth elite athletes with a majority of stress factors related to sport context. Life event stressors are present prior to injury and seem to be associated with traumatic knee injury to some degree.

Youth sport specialization associated with poorer lower extremity function & pain as young adults

ABSTRACT Objective Examine the link between youth sports specialization and long-term lower extremity joint health after sports by comparing lower extremity function, pain, and history of sport-related injuries between young adults that were highly, moderately, and low specialized in youth sports. Methods We used a cross-sectional design, and all data was collected using an electronic survey. Our sample included N = 356 young adults who participated in a primary sport during youth and high school sports but were no longer participating in that sport as a young adult. Participants were stratified into high (n = 111), moderate (n = 119), and low (n = 126) specialization groups using a 3-criteria sport specialization questionnaire based on youth sports participation prior to high school. We compared participants current Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS) score (0–80), the proportion of participants with clinically important deficits in LEFS score (≤71/80), current lower extremity (foot/ankle, knee, hip) pain scores (0–10), and history of lower extremity (foot/ankle, knee, hip) injuries between the high, moderate, and low specialization groups. Results The high specialization group reported significantly lower overall LEFS scores, and a greater proportion (40%) reported clinically important deficits in LEFS scores compared to the low specialization group (20%). The high specialization group also reported greater foot/ankle and knee pain and a greater proportion of sport-related knee injuries than the low specialization group (49% vs 25%). Conclusions Our findings suggest that even after discontinuing sports, young adults who were highly specialized in youth sports before high school reported clinically important deficits in lower extremity function, greater foot/ankle and knee pain, and a greater history of knee injuries than young adults who were not specialized in youth sports, suggesting a possible link between youth sports specialization and long-term lower extremity health after sports.

Scholars’ perspectives of positive youth development in coach education for high school sports

ABSTRACT Background Despite the fact that research supports the positive impact coach education has on increasing the quality of athletes’ developmental experiences in sport, there remains resistance regarding the use of positive youth development (PYD) content within coach education. The purpose of the current study is to explore what scholars, who are often viewed as ‘experts,’ believe is important to include in PYD-focused coach education for high school sport coaches. Methods A set of criteria, which were aligned with the study’s aims, were established to identify potential participants: (a) scholars who studied PYD-focused coach education, sport-based PYD, and/or coach education; (b) scholars who published their work in peer-reviewed journals; and (c) scholars who were aware of the nature of high school sport and/or conducted research focused on this sport context. In total, of 162 scholars from around the world who were recruited, 30 completed the entire questionnaire. Specifically, data were collected using a 20-question online survey as a qualitative research tool to understand scholars’ perceptions of the integration of PYD content in coach education, as well as how coaches may best learn about PYD content. Findings Findings highlight that scholars believe PYD-focused coach education is relevant for high school coaches and should focus on a variety of components, including life skills, social justice, and mental health literacy. Scholars also purport that holistic athlete development may be an effective overarching framework for coach education. Further, scholars believe that coach learning should be maximized through a combination of formal, non-formal, and informal learning situations and should focus on learner-centered pedagogical strategies. Implications PYD-focused coach education should help coaches consider technical, tactical, physical, and life skill development as equally important pursuits.

Investigation of the Level of Susceptibility to Ethical Values of Sports High School Students

Aim: This study aims to determine the predisposition of students studying at Malatya Sports High School to ethical values. Methods: This is an applied study in the form of a descriptive survey model. The population consists of 371 students who continue their education at Malatya Sports High School in the 2021-2022 academic year, and the sample group consists of randomly selected 188 students at Malatya Sports High School. “Predisposition to Ethical Values Scale” developed by Kaya was used in the study. The Cronbach's Alpha value of the scale was found as 0.89, and the Cronbach's alpha values of the sub-dimensions were determined as 0.80 for 'Love, Respect', 0.86 for 'Justice, honesty' and 0.74 for 'Cooperation'. Results: Following the study, there is no significant difference found in the predisposition of students at Malatya Sports High School to ethical values according to the variables of gender, age, class, educational background of father and mother. A significant difference was found according to the variable of family income. It was determined that this difference emerged between the sub-dimensions of love-respect and justice-honesty. Conclusion: We can say that sports high school students who receive sports training will stay away from unethical behaviors as a result of the positive behaviors they learn from educational activities at school, trainings and their teammates. Keywords: Sports, Student, Ethical, Value

Predictors of perfectionistic tendencies in sport among undergraduate kinesiology students

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to examine the athletic identity, identity foreclosure, perceived task value in sport, and perfectionism of kinesiology students with high school and college sport experience. Participants completed an online survey that included items regarding demographic information, athletic identity ego identity, perceived task value in sport, and sport perfectionism. Pearson moment correlations indicated that higher athletic identity was associated with higher subjective task value, identity foreclosure, perfectionistic strivings, and perfectionistic concerns. Multiple regression analyses revealed that athletic identity and subjective task value were significant predictors of perfectionistic strivings and that athletic identity and identity foreclosure were significant predictors of perfectionistic concerns. Future research should replicate the study with participants from different ethnicities and geographical regions using longitudinal and qualitative methods to examine the development of subjective task value in sport.

The “SHRed Injuries Basketball” Neuromuscular Training Warm-up Program Reduces Ankle and Knee Injury Rates by 36% in Youth Basketball

To evaluate the effectiveness of a neuromuscular training warm-up prevention program, Surveillance in High school and community sport to Reduce (SHRed) Injuries Basketball, for reducing all-complaint ankle and knee injuries in youth basketball players. Quasi-experimental study. High school/club basketball teams (male and female players aged 11-18 years) in Calgary, Canada participated in 2016-2017 (control; season 1) and 2017-2018 (intervention; season 2). The control season included a standard-of-practice warm-up. In season 2, a SHRed Injuries Basketball coach workshop was completed by participating team coaches. Teams were randomized by school/club to an unsupervised or a supervised (weekly supervision by study personnel) implementation of the coach-delivered SHRed Injuries Basketball program. The 10-minute SHRed Injuries Basketball program included 13 exercises (ie, aerobic, agility, strength, balance). All-complaint ankle and knee injuries were collected weekly using validated injury surveillance. Multilevel, multivariable Poisson regression analyses (considering important covariates, clustering by team and individual, and offset by exposure hours) estimated incidence rate ratios (IRRs) by intervention group (season 1 versus season 2) and secondarily considered the control versus completion of the SHRed Injuries Basketball program, unsupervised and supervised. Sixty-three teams (n = 502 players) participated in season 1 and 31 teams (n = 307 players: 143 unsupervised, 164 supervised) participated in season 2. The SHRed Injuries Basketball program was protective against all-complaint knee and ankle injuries (IRR = 0.64; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.51, 0.79). Unsupervised (IRR = 0.62; 95% CI: 0.47, 0.83) and supervised (IRR = 0.64; 95% CI: 0.49, 0.85) implementations of the SHRed Injuries Basketball program had similar protective effects. The SHRed Injuries Basketball program was associated with a 36% lower rate of ankle and knee injuries. Neuromuscular training warm-ups are recommended as the minimal standard of practice for injury prevention in youth basketball. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2022;52(1):40-48. doi:10.2519/jospt.2022.10959.

Epidemiology of Lower Leg Soft Tissue Injuries in High School Athletes.

BackgroundAnnually there are an estimated 4.5 million sports- and recreation-related injuries among children and young adults in the United States. The most common sports-related injuries are to the lower extremities, with two-thirds occurring among children and young adults (age range 5-24 years). The objective is to describe the epidemiology of lower leg injuries across 27 high school (HS) sports over a 3-year period.MethodsThe Datalys Center for Sports Injury Research and Prevention provided lower leg injury data for 27 sports in 147 high schools for 2011-2012 through 2013-2014 academic years from National Athletic Treatment, Injury and Outcomes Network (NATION) HS Surveillance Program.ResultsThe overall rate of lower leg injuries over this 3-year period was 1.70 per 10 000 acute events (AEs) (95% CI, 1.59-1.82). In men, the highest number of lower leg injuries was in football (n=181), but indoor track had the highest rate of injury at 2.80 per 10 000 AEs (95% CI, 2.14-3.58). In women, the highest number of lower leg injuries and the highest rate of injury were in cross-country (n=76) at 3.85 per 10 000 AEs (95% CI, 3.03-4.81). The practice injury rate was 0.91 times the competition injury rate (95% CI, 0.78-1.07).ConclusionAn improved understanding of the most common sports in which lower leg injuries are seen may help direct appropriate resource utilization. Our data would suggest efforts toward prevention of these overuse injuries, especially in football, track, and cross-country may have the greatest impact on the health of student athletes.Level of Evidence:Level IV, case series.

Порівняльний аналіз результатів дослідження виховання рішучості старшокласників у спортивно-оздоровчій діяльності

The article deals with a comparative analysis of the results of the research on raising the determination of high school students in sports and recreational activities. The comparative analysis of the research results was aimed at substantiation and experimental verification of the effectiveness of the pedagogical conditions, content, forms and methods of education of determination of 10-11th grade students determined by us. In addition, our task was to establish the dynamics of changes in the education levels of determination of high school students in the process of sports and recreational activities.The goal is to carry out a comparative analysis of the results of the study of the education of the determination of high school students in sports and health activities.The article states that the method of raising the determination of high school students in the process of physical education included the use of a set of effective content in the context of the phenomenon being studied (implementation of updated physical education lessons, use of types of sports and recreational activities (softball, handball, badminton, non-contact rugby)), forms (individual sports and health exercises, group and collective physical (game) exercises with elements of manifestation of decisive actions), methods (interactive lectures, intellectual competitions, self-analysis and self-evaluation, creating a situation of success, accessibility, assimilation, method of creative tasks, persuasion, approval, creation of problematic situations, encouragement, competitions, etc.) and pedagogical conditions (training of physical education teachers for the implementation of the method of raising the determination of high school students; implementation of pedagogically appropriate content, types and methods of education of the determination of high school students in the process of physical education in the field of sports and health; organization of competitive activities in order to motivate high school students to play softball, handball, badminton, non-contact rugby).The article presents the dynamics of the levels of manifestation of the upbringing of determination among the students of the experimental and control groups according to the criteria (knowledge of determination, the desire to show determination, readiness for determination, the ability to make determination, the attitude of the individual to himself and to the results of his own decisive actions) and the levels of their manifestation (high, medium, low). The calculation of the results of the research at the formative stage proved the effectiveness of the introduction into the educational process of the developed method of raising the determination of high school students in the process of physical education.Key words: determination, forms, content, methods, education of determination, high school students, sports and recreational activities.