High-rise Structures Research Articles

Parametric Study of Internal Curing of Concrete Using Brick Chips: A Review

Abstract: As urban landscapes evolve with taller skyscrapers, the design and safety of high-rise buildings under wind forces have become critical considerations. This study explores the impact of aspect ratios—height-to-width proportions—on the wind behavior of buildings. Tall, Shorter, wider structures are less vulnerable to wind-induced vibrations than slim buildings having high aspect ratios with low aspect ratios face challenges in stability and strength. The research examines how building shape and aspect ratios influence structural behavior under wind loads. Key parameters, including maximum displacements, story drift, shear forces, and bending moments, are analyzed to assess wind effects. The study also compares buildings of varying aspect ratios but equal floor areas to determine optimal designs. By identifying the most suitable aspect ratios for high-rise structures, this research aims to enhance safety, functionality, and aesthetic appeal while addressing the challenges posed by wind forces in urban environments.

Optimization design and application of high-rise building structure based on hybrid genetic algorithm

Optimization design and application of high-rise building structure based on hybrid genetic algorithm

Comparison of Reinforcement of High Rise Structure in Different Seismic Zones Using Staad Pro

Abstract: In this research design of G+10 High Rise Structure has been analyzed. The earthquake is most dangerous natural hazard in manmade structure. The demand of earthquake resisting building has been increased which can be fulfilled by providing the shear wall , Structure reinforcement and the appropriate sizing of beams and columns in the structure for resisting lateral forces. Shear walls also have high stiffness and strength which can be used to resist horizontal loads and gravity loads making useful in various structural engineering design. The study focuses on G+ 10 high rise structures located in seismic zones II, III, IV and V of India with shear walls at corners of the external walls . A Comparison of reinforcement for both flexural and compression members across different seismic zone is included . The analysis is done by using STAAD-Pro Connect Edition V22 software. The IS codes used for the analysis and designing is IS 1893 (Part-1):2016 (criteria for earthquake resistant design of structures), IS 456:2000 (plain and reinforced concrete) and SP 16: 1980 (design aids for reinforced concrete to IS : 456 )

A Theoretical Prediction for Shear Capacity of Cellular Solid Shear Walls

Steel plate shear walls (SPSWs) nowadays are accepted as an efficient lateral force-resisting system, especially for high-rise structures, because of their large initial stiffness and high level of energy absorption. There are different types of SPSWs based on their infill plate type. Cellular solid shear walls (CSSWs) are innovative steel shear walls filled with cellular solids. CSSWs can be useful for special architectural designs because of their unique appearance and openings. Whereas many studies have been reported on the SPSWs, there is a shortage of studies about CSSWs. This study presents the results of a detailed, numerical parametric analysis of triangular and quadrilateral CSSWs under monotonic loading in terms of their shear capacity, initial stiffness, and ductility, and also compares them with SPSWs. The investigated parameters are the size of cells, the cellular solid depth, and the cell wall thickness. The study results indicate that at the same capacity, the quadrilateral cellular solids are far lighter than triangular ones, making the quadrilateral CSSWs more suitable for use. In addition, the findings reveal that the performance of CSSWs is good enough to be used as a lateral force-resisting system in buildings. Finally, a practical procedure for the strength capacity of CSSWs based on the theoretical strip model is proposed.

Optimization of Tuned Mass Damper for Steel–Concrete Hybrid Wind Turbine Tower Using Genetic Algorithm

Steel–concrete hybrid towers (SCHTs) have been adopted as a popular supporting structure for wind turbines with the increasing hub height and rotor diameter. The excessive transverse vibration of the supporting tower adversely compromises the turbine’s operation and leads to structural deteriorations. The tuned mass damper (TMD) has been validated as an efficient device integrated with high-rise structures in vibration suppressions. This study aims to provide a reliable method for determining the key parameters of the TMD to obtain the optimal performance in vibration suppressions. This study begins with a rigorous theoretical analysis to investigate the dynamic responses of the SCHT. The dynamic analysis serves as a basis for developing a dynamics model of the SCHT integrated with a TMD, which provides a programmable method to analyze the effect of the TMD on the dynamic responses of the SCHT. Then, an optimization model based on the genetic algorithm (GA) is established to obtain the optimal parameters of the TMD. Finally, a numerical test comprising 12 loading conditions is conducted to analyze the vibration mitigation effect of the TMD. The validation process also provides discussions about the influence of the wind turbine operation states and the fitness function adopted in the GA on the efficiency of the TMD. Those findings demonstrate the effectiveness and limitations of the TMD for mitigating vibrations of the SCHT. It thereby contributes to the understanding and improvement of vibration control strategies for SCHT structures and can guide future design and optimization efforts.

Seismic Resilience Evaluation of High-Rise Frame-Core Tube Structure Considering Structural Network Performance Loss and Repair Path

Structural seismic resilience is influenced by both the structural performance loss (loss) and the repair path (path). Some studies ensure the reality of path but lack accuracy of loss. Others ensure the accuracy of loss but lack the reality of path. Therefore, this paper proposes a new resilience evaluation method for frame-core tube structure that considers both loss and path. Firstly, the complex network method is used to establish structural network performance and its loss index. Next, the repair path is determined by updating the network performance after component repairs. Then, a resilience index that considers both network performance loss and repair path is proposed. Finally, the resilience of the case structures is evaluated and compared with methods that do not reasonably consider loss or path. The results indicate that the proposed method can comprehensively consider the impact of loss and path on resilience. Loss has a greater impact on resilience when the structure is less than slight loss or is in the late stage of moderate loss. Path has a greater impact on resilience when the structure is slight loss or is in the early stage of moderate loss. When only considering loss, the fixed linear path underestimates the resilience of a convex-shaped path and overestimates the resilience of a concave-shaped path. When only considering path, underestimating or overestimating loss can lead to a higher or lower resilience. Particularly when the structure is in the late stage of moderate loss, resilience dropped from 89.16% to 42.04% due to overestimation of loss.

Experimental Investigation of Embedment Depth Effects on the Rocking Behavior of Foundations

Shallow foundations supporting high-rise structures are often subjected to extreme lateral loading from wind and seismic activities. Nonlinear soil–foundation system behaviors, such as foundation uplift or bearing capacity mobilization (i.e., rocking behavior), can act as energy dissipation mechanisms, potentially reducing structural demands. However, such merits may be achieved at the expense of large residual deformations and settlements, which are influenced by various factors. One key factor which is highly influential on soil deformation mechanisms during rocking is the foundation embedment depth. This aspect of rocking foundations is investigated in this study under varying subgrade densities and initial vertical factors of safety (FSv), using the PIV technique and appropriate instrumentation. A series of reduced-scale slow cyclic tests were performed using a single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) structure model. This study first examines the deformation mechanisms of strip foundations with depth-to-width (D/B) ratios of 0, 0.25, and 1, and then explores the effects of embedment depth on the performance of square foundations, evaluating moment capacity, settlement, recentering capability, rotational stiffness, and damping characteristics. The results demonstrate that the predominant deformation mechanism of the soil mass transitions from a wedge mechanism in surface foundations to a scoop mechanism in embedded foundations. Increasing the embedment depth enhances recentering capabilities, reduces damping, decreases settlement, increases rotational stiffness, and improves the moment capacity of the foundations. This comprehensive exploration of foundation performance and soil deformation mechanisms, considering varying embedment depths, FSv values, and soil relative densities, offers insights for optimizing the performance of rocking foundations under lateral loading conditions.

Optimal parameters of tuned mass damper for the reduction of wind-induced vibration of high-rise buildings

At present, the use of a tuned mass damper (TMD) to control structural dynamic response under wind or earthquake excitations has become a common method for many high-rise structures. In previous studies, the amplitude of structural dynamic response which is usually viewed as a stochastic process is rarely used as a parameter to evaluate the vibration mitigation performance of a TMD system. In this paper, the motion equations of the structures controlled by a TMD system under wind excitation are established first. Then, the vibration mitigation performance of the TMD system under wind load is analyzed from the point of view of the reduction of the amplitude of response stochastic processes, during the analysis the influence of mass ratio is also taken into account. Finally, the vibration reduction coefficients are obtained as a function of frequency ratio and damping ratio, and the optimal frequency ratio and damping ratio of TMD system can be determined for which the minimum vibration reduction coefficient is achieved. The analysis results show that compared with the uncontrolled structure, the optimization method based on vibration reduction coefficient greatly reduces the amplitude of structure response under wind load and has certain adaptability and reliability.

Performance of steel-fibre-reinforced self-compacting concrete subjected to high temperature

Self-compacting concrete (SCC) has recently become more popular in high-rise structures and industrial units. Such structures are more at risk of fire owing to the extensive installation of gas and electrical appliances, so investigating the performance of SCC after high-temperature exposure is extremely important. Therefore, in this study, the properties of SCC after exposure a temperature of 500°C were investigated. Furthermore, differential expansion between aggregates and the cementitious matrix can induce internal stresses, which may result in cracking. Therefore, steel fibre (SF) at different dosages were added to SCC to prevent crack formation under high temperatures. Marble waste (10%) was examined as a filler material, and was found to improve the interfacial transition zone. The performance of SCC after high-temperature exposure was evaluated through visual inspection (cracking and spalling) and assessments of mass loss, compressive strength and tensile strength. Furthermore, the microstructure of the SCC was analysed using scanning electron microscopy. The results indicated that the addition of SF improved the performance of SCC at elevated temperatures. Considerable degradation was observed in the control mix (without SF) at 500°C. However, the SF-reinforced SCC was stable and had better strength at 500°C. Therefore, it is recommended that SF-reinforced SCC exposed to temperatures up to 500°C without any harmful impact.

Seismic Collapse Risk Assessment and Fragility Analysis of Reinforced Masonry Core Walls with Boundary Elements Using the FEMA P695 Methodology

In the past, the primary objective of structural design codes was centred around ensuring human life safety, with a strong focus on preventing structural collapse. This approach predominantly relied on force- or strength-based criteria as the basis for design. Nevertheless, a notable shift has occurred recently, transitioning the design philosophy from 'strength' towards a 'performance'-based approach. This shift signifies a growing recognition that strength and performance are not identical. However, to adopt the performance-based seismic design approach, it is essential to develop precise models for estimating damage and potential losses associated with various seismic force-resisting systems (SFRSs). Fragility functions are widely interpreted among the most prevalent damage and loss models. They establish a crucial link between specific demand parameters and the likelihood of exceeding various damage states. Although reinforced masonry (RM) structures have recently gained popularity, the seismic design of mid- to high-rise RM structures is still challenging because it requires a reliable SFRS capable of providing the needed ductility and capacity. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to evaluate the key seismic performance parameters (i.e., system overstrength and ductility) and to perform a collapse capacity risk assessment of reinforced masonry core walls with boundary elements (RMCW+BEs) as the main SFRS in RM structures. The current study utilizes the applied element method (AEM) implemented in the Extreme Loading for Structures software (ELS) to model three RM structures with various heights (10-, 15-, and 20-story buildings). Nonlinear pseudo- static pushover analysis was performed to quantify the ductility and overstrength of the proposed RM system following the FEMA P695 guidelines. In addition, an incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) was carried out to assess the seismic collapse risk of RMCW+BEs by generating system-level-based fragility curves. The results showed that the proposed RM system provides the needed ductility, overstrength and deformation capacity for a ductile SFRS for typical mid- and high-rise RM buildings. Furthermore, the developed collapse fragility curves verified excellent seismic performance, negligible collapse probability values and high reserved collapse capacity at the maximum considered earthquake (MCE) design level. The findings of this study significantly contribute toward adopting RMCW+BEs as an effective SFRS for typical RM buildings in the next generations of North American masonry design standards.

STAAD Based G+2 Single-Column Residential Analysis

The principle cause of this study is to layout a whole building relaxation on a single column. The rapid increase in population and scarcity of land tends to the development of construction technology and high- rise commercial structures. The building plays a vital role in improving various activities in the late world. The Aim of present study “Analysis and design of high rise building by staad pro is to define proper technique for creating Geometry, cross sections for column and beam etc, developing specification and supports conditions, types of Loads and load combinations. In this study a 30- storey high rise structure is analyzed for seismic and wind load combination using staad pro and comparison is drawn. Currently, there are four mosques on Java Island recognized as Saka Tunggal Mosques, which employ a single wooden column as the main column, placed at the center of the prayer hall to support the roof. This unique structural system, when compared to the traditional four-column system, is remarkable even if its style is exceptional for mosques on Java Island. This study aims to provide scientific data and promote the local government's understanding about the importance of the Saka Tunggal Mosques by focusing on the one in Banyumas, which is placed at a cultural heritage site, founded in 1871. The rapid increase in population and scarcity of land tends to the development of construction technology and high-rise commercial structures. Building plays a vital role for improving the various activities. In the late world, prompt to action of peoples from one place to another is of great extent mainly for earnings. In building more facilities like financing section, computer section, administration section, design section and drawing section are provided. The aim of the project is to analyse and design of multi-storey building resting on the single column by using different code provisions. A lay out plan of the proposed building is drawn by using AUTO CADD. The structure consists of ground floor plus five floors, each floor having the one house. Staircase must be provided separately. The planning is done as per Indian standard code provisions. The building frames are analyzed using the various text books. Using this so many standard books analysis of bending moment, shear force, deflection, end moments and foundation reactions are calculated. Detailed structural drawings for critical and typical R.C.C. members are also drawn. Recent studies regarding progressive collapse resistance of buildings considered only single critical column removal scenario. However, limited investigations have been conducted so far to assess multi-column removal scenarios. Hence this study is made to compare progressive collapse resistance of a multi-story building under both single and multi-column removal scenarios. An eight-storey reinforced concrete building was analyzed by using linear static analysis procedure and DCR values of the members are calculated to investigate the potential of progressive collapse as per GSA guideline.

Study on the Shock-Absorption Performance of Isolation Systems in High-Rise Vertically Irregular Double-Story Structures

(1) Research background: The aim of this study was to explore the seismic response of vertically irregular high-rise buildings using a double-layer isolation system. (2) Methods: A 24-story vertically irregular high-rise frame-shear wall structure was designed, and the finite element model of the double-layer isolation structure was established, as well as the models of the seismic structure, the foundation isolation structure, and the story-separated seismic structure. A dynamic time–history analysis of these models under rare ground motion was carried out. (3) Results: The double-layer isolation system has the best isolation effect, followed by the foundation isolation structure, and finally the interlayer structure. The double-layer isolation system can increase the natural vibration period of the structure by 1.25 times, reduce the displacement angle of the layer by about 74.3%, reduce the acceleration of the top layer by about 82.3%, reduce the base shear force by about 59.68%, reduce the overturning moment of the bottom layer by about 68.89%, and reduce the torsion angle of the top layer by about 89.68%. (4) Conclusions: The double-layer isolation system can effectively reduce the overall seismic response of the structure and effectively control the torsional response of the structure, which makes it feasible for application.

Experimental investigation of ice resistance in jacket foundations for large offshore wind turbines

ABSTRACT Each winter, the Bohai Sea in China freezes, forming a thick ice layer that significantly affects the safety of ship and offshore structures. Offshore wind turbines, particularly high-rise structures, are especially vulnerable to collapse under the pressure of sea ice. This paper presents an experimental study on the ice resistance of the steel jacket foundation of a 10 MW offshore wind turbine. The study examines the failure modes, hysteresis curves, stiffness, and energy dissipation capacity of the jacket foundation under ice loading. Results indicate that the branch tube joints within the sea ice zone are prone to fracture, leading to a reduction in the overall stiffness and load-bearing capacity of the foundation. These findings offer a valuable experimental basis for improving the ice resistance performance of offshore wind turbines and enhancing their structural safety in ice-prone regions.

Experimental and analytical study on CFST column-steel beam joints with stiffening ring and stirrups under high axial compression ratio

Super high-rise structures frequently employ concrete-filled steel tubular (CFST) column-steel beam joints with stiffening ring because of its superior performance. This study examined the structural behavior of high axial compression ratio stiffening ring joints with stirrups in the column. Three 1/2-scaled joints with different stirrup arrangements and axial compression ratios were designed and tested. Apart from analyzing the hysteresis behavior, skeleton curve, stiffness degradation, energy dissipation, and steel strain of each specimen, an investigation was conducted into the failure mechanisms of the specimens under low cycle reciprocating load on the beam end. Furthermore, a three-dimensional nonlinear solid finite element (FE) model was developed for the joint. The results of the FE analysis and the experimental data agreed well regarding failure modes, hysteresis curves, and steel strain. Furthermore, the energy dissipation allocation mechanism of joints with various parameters was revealed. The results show that the seismic performance of the stiffening ring joint with stirrups was excellent, and stirrup confinement effectively improved the seismic performance of stiffening ring joints. Under a high axial compression ratio of 0.8, the joint with stirrup exhibited bending failure at the beam end, avoiding the phenomenon of column end bending failure in traditional specimens. In addition, the stiffening ring joint underwent a transition from beam energy dissipation to column energy dissipation when the beam-column flexural capacity ratio reached 1.39. The study's findings can serve as a guide for engineers using stirrups in square CFST column-steel beam joints with stiffening rings.

Vibration and Acoustic Coupling Test and Analysis of High-Rise Glulam Building Floor Structure

Vibration and Acoustic Coupling Test and Analysis of High-Rise Glulam Building Floor Structure

Analytical method for random seismic response of structures with tuned parallel inerter mass system and optimal parameters based on reliability

Tuned parallel inerter mass system (TPIMS) composed of tuned mass damper (TMD) and series parallel inerter-Ⅱ system has excellent damping performance. Earthquake action on structures has typical randomness, however the existing methods for outputs of structures with TPIMS only are numerical. In the work, an analytical method for calculating outputs and a globe method for optimizing TPIMS’s parameters was presented. Firstly, using dynamic finite element technique, the general dynamic equation of high-rise structures with TPIMS was established. Secondly, using quadratic decomposition method, the concise unified analytical solutions of zero-, first- and second-order spectral moments (ZFS-OSMs) of structural absolute and interlayer displacement, the inerter’s force and TMD’s displacement were deduced. Finally, three examples were carried out to verify the proposed method, to study influence of number of real vibration modes and to demonstrate the method for optimizing TPIMS’s parameters, respectively. The results show that the quantity of real vibration modes of uncontrolled structures with a participation weight of 100 % has the characteristics of both accuracy and efficiency in output analysis and the proposed optimal method is global.

A mode shape sensitivity-based wavelet feature extraction method for interface debonding detection in concrete-filled steel tubes

Abstract The use of concrete-filled steel tube (CFST) composite columns is increasingly prevalent in the construction industry, particularly in high-rise structures. A common issue in CFST columns is interface debonding between the concrete core and the steel tube. If this debonding progresses both superficially and deeply, it can lead to instability and buckling of the column, posing a serious threat to the overall structural integrity. This study presents an innovative and effective method for extracting damage-sensitive features using horizontal, vertical, and diagonal detail coefficients derived from the wavelet analysis of corrected modal signals. The study introduces the total normalized irregularity detection index (NIDIT) as a damage detection metric. The results indicate that NIDIT is highly effective in identifying and detecting debonding regions. NIDIT quantifies the accumulation of irregularities and disturbances in the affected areas, allowing for the detection of concrete surface debonding from the steel tube. The findings show that NIDIT can accurately and efficiently detect damage in middle and end-edge regions, addressing a significant challenge in structural health monitoring with high precision.

Seismic collapse risk assessment and fragility analysis of reinforced masonry core walls with boundary elements using the FEMA P695 methodology

In the past, the primary objective of structural design codes was centred around ensuring human life safety, with a strong focus on preventing structural collapse. This approach predominantly relied on force- or strength-based criteria as the basis for design. Nevertheless, a notable shift has occurred recently, transitioning the design philosophy from 'strength' towards a 'performance'-based approach. This shift signifies a growing recognition that strength and performance are not identical. However, to adopt the performance-based seismic design approach, it is essential to develop precise models for estimating damage and potential losses associated with various seismic force-resisting systems (SFRSs). Fragility functions are widely interpreted among the most prevalent damage and loss models. They establish a crucial link between specific demand parameters and the likelihood of exceeding various damage states. Although reinforced masonry (RM) structures have recently gained popularity, the seismic design of mid-to high-rise RM structures is still challenging because it requires a reliable SFRS capable of providing the needed ductility and capacity. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to evaluate the key seismic performance parameters (i.e., system overstrength and ductility) and to perform a collapse capacity risk assessment of reinforced masonry core walls with boundary elements (RMCW + BEs) as the main SFRS in RM structures. The current study utilizes the applied element method (AEM) implemented in the Extreme Loading for Structures software (ELS) to model three RM structures with various heights (10-, 15-, and 20-story buildings). Nonlinear pseudo-static pushover analysis was performed to quantify the ductility and overstrength of the proposed RM system following the FEMA P695 guidelines. In addition, an incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) was carried out to assess the seismic collapse risk of RMCW + BEs by generating system-level-based fragility curves. The results showed that the proposed RM system provides the needed ductility, overstrength and deformation capacity for a ductile SFRS for typical mid- and high-rise RM buildings. Furthermore, the developed collapse fragility curves verified excellent seismic performance, negligible collapse probability values and high reserved collapse capacity at the maximum considered earthquake (MCE) design level. The findings of this study significantly contribute toward adopting RMCW + BEs as an effective SFRS for typical RM buildings in the next generations of North American masonry design standards.

Semi-active omnidirectional liquid column vibration absorber with rapid frequency adjustment capability

This paper explores the semi-active omnidirectional liquid column vibration absorber, a unique tuned liquid column damper consisting of multiple circularly distributed columns for the control of vibrations in all lateral directions. Each column features actuator-controlled cells that can trap liquid and adjust column cross-sections, facilitating a rapid shift in natural frequency during operation. Unlike previous semi-active tuned liquid column dampers, this design can modulate its natural frequency without altering the total liquid mass and eliminate the need for overpressure or additional springs. Validation is conducted on a full-scale omnidirectional prototype. However, the trapped liquid mass plays a crucial role in determining the damper’s optimal tuning parameters and affects the resulting restoring force, emphasizing its significance in the design process. This research introduces a comprehensive mathematical model of the absorber, accompanied by a control algorithm, and proposes a corresponding design approach. Moreover, a shape function informed by experimental damping is developed to address complexities arising from geometry and cell arrangements. The focus of the study is the lateral vibration control of high-rise civil engineering structures. Numerical and experimental analyses demonstrate the superior adaptability of the absorber to fluctuating structural properties, marking a significant improvement over its passive counterpart in various loading scenarios.

Exploring the Natural Ventilation System of Biomimetic Solar-Powered African Termite Mounds Using Computer Simulated Models for Varied Building Configurations

With the drastic increase in energy consumption and CO2 emissions in recent decades, there is an urgent need for more efficient buildings. To aid in these efforts, this research explored a biomimetic approach to building ventilation by analyzing the natural ventilation system in solar-powered African termite mounds (ATM) using nine building configurations with the aid of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software. Eight different building orientations were simulated, each with two wall opening percentages, and two building depths, and applied to both midrise and high-rise structures. Results show that operative temperatures of the ATM ventilation systems were significantly lower compared to the conventional models by seven degrees. Additionally, there is a consistent result of lower wind velocities for the ATM ventilation system in all types of building footprints tested. The bio-mimetic approach with the ATM-inspired ventilation system provides a practical blueprint for an energy efficient future in building ventilation system design.