High-rise Residential Buildings Research Articles

Keberkesanan Taman Poket dalam Meningkatkan Kualiti Hidup Penduduk Bandar di Kawasan Perumahan Bertingkat Kos Rendah di Malaysia

Issues and problems regarding the allocation of open space in high-rise residential buildings that have been determined by the Local Authority (PBT) do not match the population is a problem that has been going on for a long time and has been debated but has not yet been fully addressed even though various strategic measures have been identified and taken to reduce the problem this. Rapidly developing cities have long struggled with the issue of green space requirements. Adding green areas such as pocket parks is one of the actions that can be taken to reduce the effects of rapid urbanization. Research on the effectiveness of pocket parks in improving the quality of life of urban residents in Malaysia has been studied in this study. The main aim of this study is to identify the allocation of pocket park design guidelines by Local Authorities (PBT) for high-rise houses/low-rise apartments in Malaysia and to identify the effectiveness of pocket parks in improving the quality of life of low-cost housing residents in Selangor. To achieve the objective, a questionnaire survey was conducted involving 108 respondents who stayed in three low-cost multi-storey housing. This questionnaire survey discusses the issue of pocket parks in Selangor as well as the role of pocket parks in improving the quality of life of residents. Findings from the analysis of the questionnaire are divided into three parts, which are the demographics of the respondents, the understanding of the pocket park, and the suggestions and improvements of the respondents regarding the effectiveness of the pocket park in improving the quality of life of the people in Selangor. The results of this study show that there are several factors that contribute to the effectiveness of pocket gardens in high-rise residential buildings. The majority of the respondents agreed that the pocket park facilities provided as a whole improve the quality of life of the residents.

Development and performance assessment of a new opensource Bayesian inference R platform for building energy model calibration

Many factors contribute to the inherent uncertainty of energy consumption modeling in buildings. It is essential to perform a calibration and sensitivity analysis in order to manage these uncertainties. Despite the availability of several calibration methods, they are often deterministic and lack quantified uncertainties. Moreover, the selection of parameters in building energy modeling for calibration depends on the user’s experience. Therefore, a more rigorous selection process is required. This study developed a new automated Bayesian Inference calibration platform running as an R package. A sensitivity analysis module and a Bayesian inference module determine the calibration parameters and uncertainties, respectively. The Meta-model module is developed to replace the building energy model for the Markov Chain Monte Carlo process to save computing time. The proposed platform is successfully demonstrated on a synthetic high-rise office building and a real high-rise residential building in a hot and arid climate. The relationship between the number of calibration parameters, calibration performance, and the accuracy of the Meta-model is further discussed. The developed calibration platform in this study proved to have clear advantages over the existing platforms, with the ability to reasonably estimate building energy performance in a short computing time.

Static strength design of local thickened plate joints between multi-cell concrete-filled steel tubular column and steel beam

A new-type local thickened plate joint (LTPJ) between multi-cell concrete-filled steel tubular columns (CSTC) and steel beams is adopted in residential building structures. However, no available strength design method for such beam-column joints is reported. This paper presents the mechanical behavior and static strength design of such joints. The local thickened plates are adopted to replace the normal thickness plates of the CSTCs within the LTPJ region. The rectangular section and L-shaped section of the multi-cell CSTC are involved in the joint study, respectively. Firstly, a finite element model (FEM) of the LTPJ between CSTCs and steel beams is established, which is then adopted to investigate the mechanical behaviour and static load-bearing capacity of the LTPJ. Codirectional and inverse bending moments are applied on the beams on two opposite sides of the LTPJ to simulate lateral loads (arise from wind or earthquake) and dead gravity loads, respectively. It is revealed that the LTPJ experiences shear failure when subjected to lateral loads, whereas it succumbs to bending failure when under dead gravity loads. The shear-bearing capacity of the LTPJ results from the three-part contribution of the steel tube web, the steel tube flange, and the core concrete. The bending-bearing capacity of the LTPJ is determined by the plate normal tension-bearing capacity of the steel tubes, which is predicted by adopting the theory of yielding line and numerical fitting. Finally, the load-bearing capacities of LTPJ under bidirectional bending moment are investigated numerically, and accordingly, some strength design recommendations are proposed in practical application. To conclude, these results provide a method for accurately predicting the load-bearing capacity of the LTPJ subjected to lateral loads and gravity loads, which holds the potential to expand and enhance the application of LTPJs and CSTCs in the design of high-rise residential buildings.

Facilitators and benefits of implementing lean premise design: A case of Hong Kong high-rise buildings

Defective design, poor stakeholder participation, and a mismatch between design provisions and end-user requirements cause most building construction waste. However, lean building design promotes collaboration and reduces waste. This study examines the benefits and facilitating measures of applying the lean premise design (LPD) scheme in high-rise residential buildings (HRRBs) to promote sustainability and minimise waste. This study employed a mixed-method strategy integrating a comprehensive analysis of existing literature, research interviews, and a questionnaire survey. The study highlighted the critical phases of the LPD scheme to achieve its benefits in building design and construction before the empirical examination of its benefits and facilitating measures. LPD includes stakeholder training at project start-ups, project goal identification, user-oriented collaboration, communication platform establishment, BIM, and digital tool inclusion. The benefits of the LPD scheme are enormous, including construction waste reduction, improvement in overall sustainability, reduction in cost overrun, flexibility to sustainable building design, reduction in energy usage and reduction in time waste. LPD benefits can only be realised with a sufficient facilitating framework. This study identified a policy mandate to drive fundamental cultural shifts among stakeholders, government credit for LPD adoption in BEAM Plus, public education, and the development of a communication platform for stakeholders to improve end-user feedback in design and construction processes as critical facilitators. Recent research on the construction industry's benefits and sustainability strategies supports the study's findings. While the LPD scheme can achieve sustainable flexibility in Hong Kong's HRRBs, the need for government involvement and support will further increase its adoption.

Seismic performance and deformation mechanism of precast single-face superposed shear wall

The application of single-face superposed (SFS) shear walls in high-rise residential buildings within seismic zones has attracted extensive attention in past years, but the seismic performance of SFS shear walls hasn't been well understood yet. This study presents the results of quasi-static cyclic tests on four precast SFS shear walls using different horizontal joints and one cast-in-place (CIP) shear wall. The main objective is to achieve a thorough knowledge of the deformation behavior and deformation mechanism of SFS shear walls by analyzing the experimental results describing the global and local deformation behaviors. In general, SFS shear walls behaved equivalently to or even slightly better than the CIP shear wall in terms of bearing capacities, ductility properties, stiffness degradations, and energy dissipation properties. However, unlike the flexure-shear-dominated deformation mode of the CIP shear wall, SFS shear walls were primarily dominated by rigid body rotation behavior and secondarily by flexural-shear deformation. Based on the experimental results, the significant influence of the strain development of vertical rebars, opening, and slip at the horizontal joint on the deformation behavior of SFS shear walls was discussed. It was found that the continuously increasing opening, the sequential yielding of vertical rebars, and the slip at the horizontal joint together led to the difference in deformation behavior between SFS shear walls and the CIP shear wall. Therefore, future work will investigate whether SFS shear walls could emulate well CIP shear walls if the severe deformation at the horizontal joint is greatly reduced.

Ventilation Strategies for Mitigating Indoor Air Pollutants in High-Rise Residential Buildings: A Case Study in Dubai

This study investigates the effectiveness of different ventilation methods in reducing indoor air pollutants in newly constructed residential buildings, focusing on indoor air quality (IAQ) in Dubai. The paper highlights the growing concern for IAQ in response to residents’ increasing awareness of their well-being and environmental sustainability. The study examines the concentrations of formaldehyde (HCHO), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and total volatile organic compounds (TVOC) in bedrooms and living rooms before and after implementing various ventilation methods during the construction phase. The findings indicate that mechanical exhaust ventilation, mainly through bathroom and kitchen exhaust fans, was highly effective in reducing HCHO levels. Combining kitchen and bathroom exhaust fans demonstrated the most significant reduction in HCHO concentrations. Similarly, reductions in VOCs, such as ethylbenzene, toluene, and xylene, were observed with different ventilation methods. Natural ventilation also proved effective in reducing pollutant concentrations. The results emphasize the importance of implementing appropriate ventilation strategies to improve IAQ in residential buildings. However, the study acknowledges the limitations of a single-location measurement and recommends further research to validate the findings across different building types and locations. Additionally, long-term studies are necessary to assess the sustained effects of ventilation methods on IAQ. The study highlights the significance of addressing IAQ concerns in residential buildings and suggests potential research directions to explore other ventilation strategies and their energy efficiency implications. Ultimately, this research contributes to developing healthier and sustainable living environments by promoting effective ventilation strategies to mitigate indoor air pollutants.

Analysis and optimization strategy of residential buildings in the main urban area of Kunming

With the rapid development of China's social economy, the number of housing construction has been increasing and the quality of housing has always been improving. At the same time, people's requirements for residential construction are also higher. Aiming at the residential buildings in the main urban area of Kunming, this paper analyzes the current situation of residential buildings in the main urban area of Kunming by using the methods of literature analysis, field investigation, induction and comparative analysis. It is found that the existing residential forms in Kunming mainly include multi-storey residence, villa and high-rise residential buildings, and analyze the problems of these three kinds of buildings.

Evaluation of Fire Protection systems in Residential High-rise Buildings for Evacuation Optimisation- A Case of Bengaluru

Significance of the research- Among different types of occupancies, a Residential high-rise building presents a more significant challenge to fire protection due to its functionality, complexity, and economic value. Objective of the study- The key objective of the present paper was to examine the situation of physical (as opposed to non-physical) fire protection systems in randomly selected Residential high-rise buildings in Bengaluru for Evacuation optimization. Methodology- Methods used include Physical observation, document review, and interviews. A multi-attribute evaluation model/approach was applied to establish the sufficiency or suitability of fire protection systems in light of NBC-2016 [1] and Bangalore Byelaws-2016. The study reveals that fire-fighting/evacuation lifts and other fire protection systems are primarily present in the buildings. Nevertheless, due to inadequate maintenance or unsuitable elements, their safety performance is compromised. Research findings- The analysis revealed that fire hoses and hydrants demonstrated the highest level of adequacy and suitability in terms of their number, locations, and maintenance across the buildings. Conversely, only 50% of the buildings had a sprinkler system that was sufficiently installed, indicating a need for improved coverage and maintenance, possibly due to cost considerations. The performance of other systems was as follows: fire driveways (83%), fire escape staircases (83%), fire detection and alarm (40%), corridors and passageways (67%), assembly areas (83%), hose reels and hydrants (100%), fire brigade access and facilities (67%), safety signs and notices (17%), portable fire extinguishers (50%), and fire audits (17%). Based on these findings, it is recommended to prioritize increased efforts in inspecting and maintaining fire protection systems throughout the lifespan of the project to address the identified shortcomings. Additionally, the design of residential high-rise buildings should incorporate provisions for fire-fighting evacuation lifts and facilities catering to the needs of disabled individuals.

Energy analysis of high-rise residential buildings under demolition using controlled explosion: An Indian case study

The end-of-life phase of buildings has not found adequate representation in the literature despite affording opportunities for reclaiming precious construction material and energy savings from the reuse and recycling of demolition waste. Moreover, the extant literature has limited the research focus primarily to the energy analysis of only the building portion, while the associated components, such as mechanical, electrical and plumbing (MEP) services and site features, are generally excluded from study scope. Furthermore, the majority of research studies in this area have excluded the demolition of buildings using controlled explosion. The current study aims to address these research gaps with a view to estimate the demolition energy requirements for the prospective demolition of a recently constructed high-rise residential building, including all connected services and site features. The demolition is executed using a hybrid method comprising deconstruction, mechanical demolition, and controlled explosion.The results indicate that, although building-related sub-systems accounted for approximately 80% of demolition waste and demolition energy requirements, non-building sub-systems, including MEP services, represented a considerable share of about 20% and thus should not be ignored. The overall waste generation rate of the building project is estimated to be about 1715 kg/m2.Concrete contributed to the highest proportions of demolition waste (73.20%) and demolition energy consumption (84.46%), while steel scrap enabled the highest amount of embodied energy recovery (90.46%) in recycling. Overall, the demolition project resulted in the recovery of nearly 2.70% of the embodied energy consumed during the pre-occupation stage of the building project life cycle.The findings of this study are expected to be useful to stakeholders in identifying opportunities to reduce the demolition energy footprint to make the end-of-life stage of a building project more sustainable. The study also establishes the need for emergent policy initiatives on the revision of guidelines for demolition waste management based on the realistic waste generation rate of high-rise residential buildings; the establishment of waste exchanges to reduce landfill space requirements; and incentivizing the use of recycled products in new constructions. Additionally, some relevant areas have been suggested for further research.

Empirical evaluation of EnergyPlus infiltration model for a case study in a high-rise residential building

Empirical evaluation of EnergyPlus infiltration model for a case study in a high-rise residential building

Predictability and periodicity of occupant lighting control in high-rise residential buildings

Predictability and periodicity of occupant lighting control in high-rise residential buildings

Energy and indoor thermal performance analysis of a glazed façade high-rise building under various Nordic climatic conditions

Research has shown that glazed buildings can have higher energy use and are more prone to overheating than other types of buildings. However, few studies have explored the performance of glazed buildings in cold climates. This article aims to evaluate the energy and indoor thermal performance of a high-rise residential building with glazed façades and balconies under Nordic climatic conditions, through a parametric study. Dynamic, whole-year simulations are used to evaluate the impact of four design parameters (with and without glazed balconies, type of balcony glazing, window to wall ratio, and building location within the Nordic region) on the energy and indoor thermal performance of the building. The results show that the building without glazed balconies outperformed that with glazed balconies. Changing from single- to double-pane glazing also helped to reduce energy use and overheating, as did lowering the window-to-wall ratio. Overheating of apartments was found to occur during the summer in five of the six locations simulated, which suggests that solar control strategies might be needed for glazed buildings even in a Nordic climate. This study highlights the importance of further research on glazed residential buildings, which are becoming more common in contexts subject to such climates.

Investigation of urban heat island and climate change and their combined impact on building cooling demand in the hot and humid climate of Qatar

Urban Heat Island (UHI) and climate change are two critical factors affecting the energy demand of buildings. However, the previous literature often overlooked the concurrent impacts of these factors, which leads to an erroneous estimation of the current and future energy demand of buildings. To address this issue, this paper investigates the UHI and climate change and their combined impacts on the current and future cooling demands of high-rise residential buildings in the hot and humid climate of Qatar. The impacts of UHI and climate change on the climatic conditions of the Marina district of Lusail City, Qatar, are evaluated using Urban Weather Generator (UWG) and World Weather Generator (WWG) tools, respectively, for 2050 and 2080. A total of eight weather sources, two for 2020 and six for 2050 and 2080, are compared to the weather data collected from the established local weather stations in the city. Two important methods are adopted to elaborate on the combined impact of the UHI and climate change on building cooling demand. In the first method (M1), the future weather file obtained from the Open Weather Map (OM) is processed by UWG for the UHI impact analysis and then by WWG for the climate change impact analysis, while in the second method (M2), the future weather file is first processed by WWG, followed by UWG. According to the results, for the hot and humid climate of Qatar, the cooling energy consumption of the high-rise residential building increases by 19% and 33.5% for 2050 and 2080, respectively, by the first method, and by 20% and 34.4% for 2050 and 2080, respectively by the second method. Both methods yield fairly similar results on the combined impact of UHI and climate change on building cooling demand in hot and humid climates. The findings of this study highlight the importance and necessity of considering UHI and climate change impact in building energy simulations to estimate the present and future energy demand of buildings accurately.

Computation of embodied energy and carbon dioxide emissions of geopolymer concrete in high-rise buildings: a case study in Chennai city

The total primary embodied energy (EE) and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions (ECO2e) of geopolymer concrete (GPC) in high-rise (60 m height) residential buildings located at Chennai city, India, were carefully examined in this study. The buildings were analysed and designed with the same aspect ratio and loading with two structural systems; Reinforced concrete (RC) framed and Shear wall type. The computation was performed for floor area, building volume, and concrete quantity. The results show that for the same grade of concrete, compared with conventional concrete (CC), GPC's EE is reduced by 46%, ECO2e is reduced by 42%, and the cost is reduced by 7%. The primary energy consumption (EET) and CO2 emissions (ECO2eT) towards material transportation in GPC shear wall and framed structures are 8% lower and associated cost is 22% cheaper than CC buildings. Compared to CC, the total primary EE and ECO2e of GPC RC shear wall and framed buildings are 46 and 55% lower, respectively. From the study, it has been observed that GPC is more environmentally beneficial than that of using CC in high-rise structures.

Fire Risk of Polyethylene (PE)-Based Foam Blocks Used as Interior Building Materials and Fire Suppression through a Simple Surface Coating: Analysis of Vulnerability, Propagation, and Flame Retardancy

Building fires can spread through surface combustion of both combustible and interior finishing materials. Recently, the use of foam blocks as interior materials for high-rise residential buildings has increased. However, as foam blocks are primarily composed of polyethylene, they are not flame-retardant and can readily burn and the fire can spread, leading to large-scale damage. Herein, the fire hazard and diffusion characteristics of foam blocks were compared with those of flame-retardant and general wallpapers to confirm the risk of fire. The fire risk of the foam blocks was confirmed using flammability, cone calorimetry, and spread-of-flame analyses. Based on a comparative analysis of the fire risk of foam blocks, the average total heat release was 11.2 MJ/m. This is approximately three times higher than the average heat release rate of the flame-retardant wallpaper and approximately two times higher than that of the general wallpaper. The foam blocks ignited rapidly owing to fire and generated large amounts of combustion gas and heat. To prevent such a fire, 5 wt% montmorillonite (MMT) was simply coated after surface modification to suppress the occurrence of fire. Various flame-retardant materials, surface modifications, and fire safety systems must be developed to prevent fire hazards.

A Generative Adversarial Network with Spatial Attention Mechanism for Building Structure Inference Based on Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Remote Sensing Images

The acquisition of building structures has broad applications across various fields. However, existing methods for inferring building structures predominantly depend on manual expertise, lacking sufficient automation. To tackle this challenge, we propose a building structure inference network that utilizes UAV remote sensing images, with the PIX2PIX network serving as the foundational framework. We enhance the generator by incorporating an additive attention module that performs multi-scale feature fusion, enabling the combination of features from diverse spatial resolutions of the feature map. This modification enhances the model’s capability to emphasize global relationships during the mapping process. To ensure the completeness of line elements in the generator’s output, we design a novel loss function based on the Hough transform. A line penalty term is introduced that transforms the output of the generator and ground truth to the Hough domain due to the original loss function’s inability to effectively constrain the completeness of straight-line elements in the generated results in the spatial domain. A dataset of the appearance features obtained from UAV remote sensing images and the internal floor plan structure is made. Using UAV remote sensing images of multi-story residential buildings, high-rise residential buildings, and office buildings as test collections, the experimental results show that our method has better performance in inferring a room’s layout and the locations of load-bearing columns, achieving an average improvement of 11.2% and 21.1% over PIX2PIX in terms of the IoU and RMSE, respectively.

Characteristics of embodied carbon emissions for high-rise building construction: A statistical study on 403 residential buildings in China

High-rise residential buildings are prevalent in Chinese cities and have considerable impacts on the sustainable construction industry. Although individual case studies have assessed the embodied carbon emissions, there is still a need to explore the general characteristics and driving factors. This study established a dataset containing 403 buildings and assessed the statistics and distribution of relevant embodied carbon intensities using a cradle-to-site system boundary. An average embodied carbon intensity of 424.1 kgCO2e/m2 was obtained, with 2/3 of the carbon emissions attributed to structural materials including steel, concrete, and prefabricated members. Based on contribution analyses and significance tests, the influences of driving factors encompassing building height, structural form, seismic design grade, delivery type, and building investment were examined, and carbon reduction strategies were discussed. The results indicated a potential 28.8% reduction in the embodied carbon intensity considering a cascaded strategy of substituting low-carbon materials, optimizing material use, and using local materials.

ASSESSMENT OF THE FIRE RESISTANCE OF BUILDINGS FROM FIREPROOF REINFORCED CONCRETE BUILDING STRUCTURES

The authors conducted an analysis of the current state of evacuation of low-mobility population groups from high-rise residential buildings in the event of a fire. The analysis of the literature made it possible to formulate a number of obstacles to the effective evacuation of people from high-rise residential buildings. Norms in the field of fire safety are not perfect and, as a rule, are aimed at ordinary categories of citizens. The goal of approaches to evacuation calculations is to reduce the time it takes to evacuate residents of a high-rise building in the event of a fire. The authors substantiated the possibility of safe self-evacuation in the event of a fire of the less mobile population groups using fire elevators. Mathematical and graphical calculations of people's evacuation time were carried out using the Pathfinder software complex with the use (without use) of fire elevators. The authors performed a mathematical calculation of the time of evacuation of people and the time of blocking by dangerous factors of fire evacuation routes during a fire in accordance with the methodology of DSTU 8828:2019 Fire safety. Terms. Kyiv: Technical Committee "Fire Safety and Fire Fighting Equipment". To confirm the effectiveness of using fire elevators for the evacuation of people belonging to the M4 population groups with limited mobility (disabled people who move around in wheelchairs), the calculation part was performed. The object of the calculations is a high-rise apartment building on the street. Baidy Vyshnevetskoho, 68 in Cherkasy. The authors determined the dependence of the evacuation time on the movement parameters of people of different mobility groups. The authors compared calculations of evacuation time by stairwell and using fire elevators. Fire elevators are effective when evacuating people from floors for the category of mobility group M4. The researchers proposed management solutions to increase the level of fire safety, ensure the constant readiness and operability of fire elevators for evacuating people with reduced mobility from high-rise residential buildings. Keywords: evacuation routes, evacuation exits, high-rise residential buildings, fire elevators, evacuation time.

CRITICAL SUCCESS FACTORS FOR MODULAR CONSTRUCTION ON HIGH-RISE RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS BASED RISK MANAGEABILITY TO INCREASE PROJECT TIME PERFORMANCE

International Construction Costs published in Comparison 2020 continued to increase as an impact of the Covid-19 pandemic, The modular system is considered able to answer the problems of increasing costs. Although modular construction has been widely applied to low-rise buildings, application in high-rise buildings remains limited, less than 1% worldwide. The need for residential high-rise building applying modular construction in Indonesia becomes important. The interdependence between parties in modular projects is greater than in conventional methods. Unavailability of design guidelines hinders the construction industry in implementing modular technology. The purpose of this study is to analyze the critical success factors for modular construction of residential high-rise buildings applying risk-based management to improve project time performance. Forty-one Indicators were drawn from literature reviews and specialist interviews to conduct a sustainability evaluation. The survey was submitted to case project developers, designers, supervisors, and contractors in Indonesia, thereafter statistically analyzed using SPSS and risk management analysis with three stages: risk sources, risk drivers and risk causes. Critical success factors for drawing approvals have a considerable influence on modular construction among 15 other factors, followed by supply chain and design standardization. It is necessary to mitigate these risks to improve project time performance.

Energy-Saving and Ecological Renovation of Existing Urban Buildings in Severe Cold Areas: A Case Study

High-rise buildings in cold regions have a requirement of ecological improvement due to the continuous response to climate change throughout the year. This study evaluates wind environment, light environment, thermal environment, and energy consumption environment using Phoenics, Ecotect, and DesignBuilder tools, utilizing a high-rise residential building in an intensely cold place as an example. With the goal of repairing the buildings, green energy-saving measures are applied from the perspectives of form, structure, system, and equipment strategy. The energy-saving rates and carbon dioxide emission reduction rates of the renovated buildings were predicted. The results reveal that, in the building performance diagnostic, the wind speed clearly rise at the building’s corner, particularly on the outdoor level and the top floor; meanwhile, the inside lighting is insufficient, and there is a glare hazard adjacent to the window. The performance of the target building has unquestionably increased following the repair of 12 measures, including the bay windows, exterior walls, and solar energy. The influence of strong winds in winter and tranquil winds in summer greatly decreased in terms of the wind environment. In the light environment, indoor lighting is more uniform; the range of (Universal Design index) UDI100–2000 increased from 9.2% to 32.7%; and UDI2000, which may cause glare, decreased by 28.4%. Energy savings and pollution reduction rates were as high as 19.8% and 38.8%, respectively, due to the installation of solar photovoltaic panels. Based on all the measures, the overall energy saving rate of the target building was 63.8%, and the CO2 emission reduction rate was 90.3%.