High-resolution Mode Research Articles

Image Quality Comparison between Digital Breast Tomosynthesis Images and 2D Mammographic Images Using the CDMAM Test Object.

: PurposeTo evaluate the image quality (IQ) of synthesized two-dimensional (s2D) and tomographic layer (TL) mammographic images in comparison to the 2D digital mammographic images produced with a new digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) system. Methods: The CDMAM test object was used for IQ evaluation of actual 2D images, s2D and TL images, acquired using all available acquisition modes. Evaluation was performed automatically using the commercial software that accompanied CDMAM. Results: The IQ scores of the TLs with the in-focus CDMAM were comparable, although usually inferior to those of 2D images acquired with the same acquisition mode, and better than the respective s2D images. The IQ results of TLs satisfied the EUREF limits applicable to 2D images, whereas for s2D images this was not the case. The use of high-dose mode (H-mode), instead of normal-dose mode (N-mode), increased the image quality of both TL and s2D images, especially when the standard mode (ST) was used. Although the high-resolution (HR) mode produced TL images of similar or better image quality compared to ST mode, HR s2D images were clearly inferior to ST s2D images. Conclusions: s2D images present inferior image quality compared to 2D and TL images. The HR mode produces TL images and s2D images with half the pixel size and requires a 25% increase in average glandular dose (AGD). Despite that, IQ evaluation results with CDMAM are in favor of HR resolution mode only for TL images and mainly for smaller-sized details.

Development of a scoring parameter to characterize data quality of centroids in high-resolution mass spectra

High-resolution mass spectrometry is widely used in many research fields allowing for accurate mass determinations. In this context, it is pretty standard that high-resolution profile mode mass spectra are reduced to centroided data, which many data processing routines rely on for further evaluation. Yet information on the peak profile quality is not conserved in those approaches; i.e., describing results reliability is almost impossible. Therefore, we overcome this limitation by developing a new statistical parameter called data quality score (DQS). For the DQS calculations, we performed a very fast and robust regression analysis of the individual high-resolution peak profiles and considered error propagation to estimate the uncertainties of the regression coefficients. We successfully validated the new algorithm with the vendor-specific algorithm implemented in Proteowizard’s msConvert. Moreover, we show that the DQS is a sum parameter associated with centroid accuracy and precision. We also demonstrate the benefit of the new algorithm in nontarget screenings as the DQS prioritizes signals that are not influenced by non-resolved isobaric ions or isotopic fine structures. The algorithm is implemented in Python, R, and Julia programming languages and supports multi- and cross-platform downstream data handling.

Recognition of high-resolution optical vortex modes with deep residual learning

Optical vortex beams with fractional orbital angular momentum (OAM) can greatly enhance the channel capacity in free-space optical communication. However, high precision measurement of fractional OAM modes is always difficult, especially under the influence of atmospheric turbulence (AT). In this work, we identify the high-resolution OAM modes down to 0.01 using an improved residual neural network (ResNet) architecture based convolutional neural network (CNN). Experimentally, using a single cylindrical lens, the light intensity distribution can be readily converted into a diffraction pattern containing significant features trained into a CNN model. For the fractional OAM modes from 5.0 to 5.9 over a long propagation distance of 1500 m, at 0.1 resolution, our model's predicting accuracy is up to 99.07% under strong AT, ${C}_{\mathrm{n}}^{2}=1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}15}\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}{\mathrm{m}}^{\ensuremath{-}2/3}$. At 0.01 resolution, the accuracy is as high as 86.98% under intermediate AT, ${C}_{\mathrm{n}}^{2}=1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}16}\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}{\mathrm{m}}^{\ensuremath{-}2/3}$, and exceeds 73.78% under strong AT, ${C}_{\mathrm{n}}^{2}=1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}15}\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}{\mathrm{m}}^{\ensuremath{-}2/3}$. So, these results may have great implications in free-space optical communication.

Involvement of membrane palmitoylated protein 2 (MPP2) in the synaptic molecular complex at the mouse cerebellar glomerulus.

We previously reported that the membrane skeletal protein 4.1G in the peripheral nervous system transports membrane palmitoylated protein 6 (MPP6), which interacts with the synaptic scaffolding protein Lin7 and cell adhesion molecule 4 (CADM4) in Schwann cells that form myelin. In the present study, we investigated the localization of and proteins related to MPP2, a highly homologous family protein of MPP6, in the cerebellum of the mouse central nervous system, in which neurons are well organized. Immunostaining for MPP2 was observed at cerebellar glomeruli (CG) in the granular layer after postnatal day 14. Using the high-resolution Airyscan mode of a confocal laser-scanning microscope, MPP2 was detected as a dot pattern and colocalized with CADM1 and Lin7, recognized as small ring/line patterns, as well as with calcium/calmodulin-dependent serine protein kinase (CASK), NMDA glutamate receptor 1 (GluN1), and M-cadherin, recognized as dot patterns, indicating the localization of MPP2 in the excitatory postsynaptic region and adherens junctions of granule cells. An immunoprecipitation analysis revealed that MPP2 formed a molecular complex with CADM1, CASK, M-cadherin, and Lin7. Furthermore, the Lin7 staining pattern showed small rings surrounding mossy fibers in wild-type CG, while it changed to the dot/spot pattern inside small rings detected with CADM1 staining in MPP2-deficient CG. These results indicate that MPP2 influences the distribution of Lin7 to synaptic cell membranes at postsynaptic regions in granule cells at CG, at which electric signals enter the cerebellum.

A Novel Frequency-Domain Focusing Method for Geosynchronous Low-Earth-Orbit Bistatic SAR in Sliding-Spotlight Mode

The low-earth-orbit synthetic aperture radar (SAR) can achieve enhanced remote-sensing capabilities by exploiting the large-scale and long-duration beam coverage of a geosynchronous (GEO) SAR illuminator. Different bistatic imaging modes can be implemented by the steering of an antenna beam onboard the LEO receiver, such as high-resolution sliding-spotlight mode. In this paper, the accurate focusing of GEO-LEO bistatic SAR (GEO-LEO BiSAR) in sliding-spotlight mode is investigated. First, the two major problems of the accurate bistatic range model, i.e., curved trajectory within long integration time and ‘stop-and-go’ assumption error, for sliding-spotlight GEO-LEO BiSAR are analyzed. Then, a novel bistatic range model based on equivalent circular orbit trajectory is proposed to accurately represent the range history of GEO-LEO BiSAR in sliding-spotlight mode. Based on the proposed range model, a frequency-domain imaging method is put forward. First, a modified two-step preprocessing method is implemented to remove the Doppler aliasing caused by azimuth variance of Doppler centroid and beam steering. Then, an azimuth trajectory scaling is formulated to remove the azimuth variance of motion parameters due to curved trajectory. A modified frequency-domain imaging method is derived to eliminate the 2-D spatial variance and achieve accurate focusing of the echo data. Finally, imaging results and analysis on both simulated data and real data from an equivalent BiSAR experiment validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

High-Resolution Wide-Swath Ambiguous Synthetic Aperture Radar Modes for Ship Monitoring

This paper proposes two high-resolution, wide-swath synthetic aperture radar (SAR) acquisition modes for ship monitoring that tolerate ambiguities and do not require digital beamforming. Both modes, referred to as the low pulse repetition frequency (PRF) and the staggered (high PRF) ambiguous modes, make use of a wide elevation beam, which can be obtained by phase tapering. The first mode is a conventional stripmap mode with a PRF much lower than the nominal Doppler bandwidth, allowing for the imaging of a large swath, because the ships’ azimuth ambiguities can be recognized as they appear at known positions. The second mode exploits a continuous variation of the pulse repetition interval, with a mean PRF greater than the nominal Doppler bandwidth as the range ambiguities of the ships are smeared and are unlikely to determine false alarms. Both modes are thought to operate in open sea surveillance, monitoring Exclusive Economic Zones or international waters. Examples of implementation of both modes for TerraSAR-X show that ground swaths of 120 km or 240 km can be mapped with 2 m2 resolution, ensuring outstanding detection performance even for small ships. The importance of resolution over noise and ambiguity level was highlighted by a comparison with ScanSAR modes that image comparable swaths with better noise and ambiguity levels but coarser resolutions.

Performance of Ultra-High-Resolution Computed Tomography in Super High-Resolution Mode at the Routine Radiation Dose: Phantom Study.

Using a chest phantom, we compared the image quality of ultra-high-resolution computed tomography (U-HRCT) images acquired in super high-resolution (SHR) and normal resolution (NR) mode and at the routine radiation dose. The detector size was 0.25 and 0.5 mm, respectively. A chest phantom was scanned on a U-HRCT scanner. The scan parameters were tube voltage 120 kV and volume CT dose index 13.0 mGy, the routine radiation dose for conventional scans. The rotation time was 0.5 s/rot, the number of matrices was 512 in NR and 1024 in SHR mode. For physical evaluation, the modulation transfer function was measured on the spherical simulated nodule, and the noise power spectrum on the cylindrical water phantom. A CT value profile curve was created using an in-house simulated bronchial phantom. For visual evaluation, 3 radiologists and 3 radiology technologists evaluated overall image quality using a 4-grade scale (grade 1, poor; and grade 4, excellent). The 10% of modulation transfer function was 13.5 lp/cm in NR and 14.9 lp/cm in SHR mode ( P <0.01). ƒ peak was 5.6 lp/cm in NR and 8.8 lp/cm in SHR mode ( P <0.01), and the peak of noise power spectrum shifted. On the profile curves, the CT value at the edge changed in NR but not in SHR mode. The overall image quality was grade 3.0 ± 0.7 in SHR and grade 2.0 ± 0.7 in NR mode ( P <0.01). The image quality of SHR mode with U-HRCT was superior to that of NR mode at the routine radiation dose.

VERDI: VERsatile DIffractometer with wide-angle polarization analysis for magnetic structure studies in powders and single crystals.

The VERsatile DIffractometer will set a new standard for a world-class magnetic diffractometer with versatility for both powder and single crystal samples and capability for wide-angle polarization analysis. The instrument will utilize a large single-frame bandwidth and will offer high-resolution at low momentum transfers and excellent signal-to-noise ratio. A horizontal elliptical mirror concept with interchangeable guide pieces will provide high flexibility in beam divergence to allow for a high-resolution powder mode, a high-intensity single crystal mode, and a polarized beam option. A major science focus will be quantum materials that exhibit emergent properties arising from collective effects in condensed matter. The unique use of polarized neutrons to isolate the magnetic signature will provide optimal experimental input to state-of-the-art modeling approaches to access detailed insight into local magnetic ordering.

Cold neutron triple-axis spectrometer (Cold TAS) at HANARO

A cold neutron triple-axis spectrometer (Cold TAS) has been installed in HANARO at the Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, South Korea. It has been designed for high-resolution inelastic-neutron-scattering (INS) measurements of spin and lattice dynamics using a neutron velocity selector (NVS) for incident cold neutrons. We evaluated the wavelength resolution and harmonics filtration of the NVS and verified the vertical focusing effects of the pyrolytic-graphite crystal monochromator. The beam flux at the sample position and the spectrometer resolution, which are key factors in INS experiments, attained the typical TAS specification. Finally, we exemplified INS spectra to show the current performance of the high-resolution mode and magnetic-excitation measurements.

EVALUATION OF DEM DERIVED BY REPEAT-PASS X-BAND STRIPMAP MODE PAZ DATA

Abstract. This paper, presents the initial results of digital elevation model (DEM) extraction from PAZ Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) satellite images using repeat-pass interferometric analysis. We used a multi-temporal high-resolution strip-map mode X-band satellite image that has a single polarization. Five main classes, i.e., volcanic structures, agriculture, settlement, sand dune and plain bareland are considered depending on the structure of the region. Within the category, the coherence value and DEM value are evaluated. In the accuracy assessment analysis, a reference map produced from aerial photogrammetry is used. Additionally, global DEM TanDEM-X data is also tested in the study region. In the analysis, quality metrics, mean error (ME), root means square error (RMSE), standard deviation (STD), and the normalized median absolute deviation (NMAD) are used. The results showed that as the temporal baseline increases the coherence values and the quality of the DEM product decrease. The RMSE values range between 2.36 m to 7.09 m in different classes. The TanDEM-X data provided high accuracies over each class range from 0.88 m to 2.40 m. Since the study area is vulnerable to sinkhole formation, sinkhole-like signals were also observed in the interferograms obtained from different and sequential pairs. The high-resolution repeat-pass PAZ data pointed out its potential for interferometric products generation.

Comparison of subthalamic nucleus borders determined by high-resolution MRI and microelectrode recording

Background . Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) is an acknowledged efficient and safe method of treatment of advanced stages of Parkinson’s disease. The traditional way of intraoperative target verification is a combination of microelectrode recording (MER) and intraoperative macrostimulation. The appearance of high-field tomographs, new sequences, and methods of computer processing of the obtained images raises the question whether it’s necessary to use intraoperative verification of the target. Objective . The aim of the study was to analyze the comparability of 3T MRI data and microelectrode registration data in determining the boundaries of the subthalamic nucleus in patients with Parkinson's disease. Material and methods . 20 patients who have been undergone 3T MRI for preoperative planning for STN-DBS were included in the study. We determined the upper and lower boundaries of 40 subthalamic nuclei in high-resolution T2 and SWAN modes and compared these data with the data obtained during surgery using the MER. Results . The discrepancy between the MED and 3T MRI data when determining the upper STN border was 1.2 mm in SWAN mode and 1 mm in high-resolution T2 mode. The lower border of the subthalamic nucleus could be determined with an accuracy of 0.85 in SWAN mode and 0.75 mm in T2 mode. The groups didn’t have significant differences (Wilcoxon sign-rank test, p &gt; 0.05). Conclusion . 3T MRI in high-resolution T2 and SWAN modes demonstrated high comparability with microelectrode data in determining the upper boundary, lower boundary and middle of the subthalamic nucleus, which makes it possible to use it as a method for direct STN imaging.

A UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS method with a superimposed multiple product ion strategy and esterase inhibitor improved sensitivity for the determination of xylocarpin H in rat plasma

Xylocarpin H is a natural limonoid that has the potential to be a viable therapeutic candidate whether used alone or in combination with other medications. However, the pharmacokinetic properties of xylocarpin H are still not well understood and require further investigation. Sensitive analysis of xylocarpin H using liquid chromatography tandem triple-quadrupole mass spectrometry is challenging due to its structural feature. In the present research, a sensitive UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS method was developed and validated to determine xylocarpin H in rat plasma. After simple methanol protein precipitation pretreatment with 50 mM esterase inhibitor bis(4-nitrophenyl)-phosphate (BNPP), xylocarpin H and Schisandrin (internal standard) were separated on a Synergi 4 u fusion-RP C18 column (50 mm × 3.0 mm, 4 µm) using isocratic elution with a mobile phase consisting of formic acid (0.1%) and acetonitrile, which were detected only within 3 min. The QTOF-MS/MS detection, which is a high-resolution mode, can accurately quantify analytes (ppm<5). The peak area of xylocarpin H was determined by adding the single peak areas of m/z 483.2013, m/z 465.1930 and m/z 345.1333 as the superimposed multiple product ions (SMPI) mode for data processing with optimized the high-resolution extraction widths of fragment ions at ± 0.05 Da. The S/N of the SMPI mode was found to be approximately two to seven times greater than the independent product ion mode. The linearity, precision, accuracy, and stability were completely validated for the method. Finally, the validated method was employed for the pharmacokinetic study of xylocarpin H in rats. The study indicated that the optimized high-resolution extraction widths of fragment ions and SMPI mode for data processing significantly improve the quantitative sensitivity of QTOF-MS/MS. In addition, esterase inhibitor BNPP was added in the process of sample treatment to inhibit the degradation of xylocarpin H in rat blood, which further improved the sensitivity of the quantitative method.

Design and Performance of X-Band SAR Payload for 80 kg Class Flat-Panel-Type Microsatellite Based on Active Phased Array Antenna

The small synthetic aperture radar (SAR) technology experimental project (S-STEP) mission aims to develop an innovative spaceborne SAR microsatellite as a constellation of 32 microsatellites featuring a high-resolution stripmap mode of 1 m. The S-STEP is a spaceborne SAR microsatellite technology demonstration program in which innovative approaches have been proposed and investigated for SAR payload system designs for improving the development speed, affordability, size and weight parameters, and quality of SAR satellite systems. In this study, the major design approach includes a bus–payload integrated flat-panel-type SAR payload based on an active phased-array antenna. This study conducted an SAR image performance analysis considering the mission requirements to validate the feasibility of the innovative SAR payload design of the S-STEP. These performance analysis results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed SAR payload design approach under the new space paradigm.

Kinematics and Feedback in H ii Regions in the Dwarf Starburst Galaxy IC 10

We present a survey of the central region of the nearest starburst galaxy, IC 10, using the W. M. Keck Observatory Keck Cosmic Web Imager (KCWI) at high spectral and spatial resolution. We map the central starburst of IC 10 to sample the kinematic and ionization properties of the individual star-forming regions. Using the low spectral resolution mode of KCWI, we map the oxygen abundance, and with the high spectral resolution mode, we identify 46 individual H II regions. These H II regions have an average radius of 4.0 pc, star formation rate ∼1.3 × 10−4 M ⊙ yr−1, and velocity dispersion ∼16 km s−1. None of the H II regions appear to be virialized (α vir ≫ 1), and on average, they show evidence of ongoing expansion. IC 10's H II regions are offset from the star-forming-region size–luminosity scaling relationships, as well as Larson’s Law that relates size and velocity dispersion. We investigate the balance of inward and outward pressure, P in and P out, finding P out > P in in 89% of H II regions, indicating feedback-driven expansion even in these low-mass H II regions. We find warm gas pressure (P gas) provides the dominant contribution to the outward pressure (P out). This counteracts the inward pressure, which is dominated by turbulence in the surrounding gas rather than self-gravity. Five H II regions show evidence of outflows that are most likely supported by either stellar winds (two regions) or champagne flows (three regions). These observations provide new insights into the state of the star-forming regions in IC 10 and negative feedback from low-mass clusters.

Influence of the starter culture on the volatile profile of processed cocoa beans by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry in high resolution mode

Cocoa is the main component of chocolate. It is widely accepted that cocoa quality largely depends on the processing, especially the fermentation step. Traditionally, fermentation takes place spontaneously by the endogenous microbiota; however, the process can lead to poor quality and heterogeneity of the final product. In this study, we evaluated the influence of the starter culture on the profile of volatiles during fermentation of commercial volumes of Mexican cocoa. Volatiles were also analyzed in post-fermented cocoa samples obtained after drying, roasting, and conching. Our results revealed a most desirable volatile profile in cocoa fermented with starter culture, mainly due to the higher relative content of alcohols (40%) and aldehydes (3.5%), but also due to a lower acidity (<1%) as compared to endogenous fermentation (acids, 65%; alcohols, 2%; and aldehydes <0.5%). Additionally, it is remarkable, the higher content of pyrazines in the inoculated samples after processing.

Target Localization Based on High Resolution Mode of MIMO Radar with Widely Separated Antennas

Coherent processing of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar with widely separated antennas has high resolution capability, but it also brings ambiguity in target localization. In view of the ambiguity problem, different from other signal processing sub-directions such as array configuration optimization or continuity of phase in space/time, this paper analyzes it from the information level, that is, the tracking method is adopted. First, by using the state equation and measurement equation, the echo data of multiple coherent processing intervals (CPI) are collected to improve the target localization accuracy as much as possible. Second, the non-coherent joint probability data association filter (JPDAF) is used to achieve stable tracking of spatial cross targets without ambiguity measurements. Third, based on the tracking results of the non-coherent JPDAF, the ambiguity of coherent measurement is resolved, that is, the coherent JPDAF is realized. By means of non-coherent and coherent alternating JPDAF (NCCAF) algorithms, high accuracy localization of multiple targets is achieved. Finally, numerical simulations are carried out to validate the effectiveness of the proposed NCCAF algorithm.

Performance of the time-resolved ultra-small-angle X-ray scattering beamline with the Extremely Brilliant Source.

The new technical features and enhanced performance of the ID02 beamline with the Extremely Brilliant Source (EBS) at the ESRF are described. The beamline enables static and kinetic investigations of a broad range of systems from ångström to micrometre size scales and down to the sub-millisecond time range by combining different small-angle X-ray scattering techniques in a single instrument. In addition, a nearly coherent beam obtained in the high-resolution mode allows multispeckle X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy measurements down to the microsecond range over the ultra-small- and small-angle regions. While the scattering vector (of magnitude q) range covered is the same as before, 0.001 ≤ q ≤ 50 nm-1 for an X-ray wavelength of 1 Å, the EBS permits relaxation of the collimation conditions, thereby obtaining a higher flux throughput and lower background. In particular, a coherent photon flux in excess of 1012 photons s-1 can be routinely obtained, allowing dynamic studies of relatively dilute samples. The enhanced beam properties are complemented by advanced pixel-array detectors and high-throughput data reduction pipelines. All these developments together open new opportunities for structural, dynamic and kinetic investigations of out-of-equilibrium soft matter and biophysical systems.

Улучшение характеристик космических РСА в режимах высокого разрешения

The methods of increasing the size of the radar image obtained by space radars with synthesized aperture in high-resolution mode are analyzed. The image size increase is achieved due to the extended scanning of the antenna beam in the azimuthal plane. The basis of the considered methods is the classical searchlight mode. The modes of composite (multi-frame) searchlight shooting and sliding searchlight shooting are compared. The dependences of azimuthal resolution and frame size on the size of the scanning sector are estimated. Numerical examples are based on the parameters of COSMO-SkyMed and TerraSAR-X radars. A list of the main ways to increase scanning is provided. A brief description of the Staring Spotlight mode is given, as an example, which allows to significantly increase the detail and quality of images.

First direct dynamical detection of a dual supermassive black hole system at sub-kiloparsec separation

We investigated whether the two recently discovered nuclei in NGC 7727 both host a super-massive black hole (SMBH). We used the high spatial resolution mode of the integral-field spectrograph MUSE on the VLT in adaptive optics mode to resolve the stellar kinematics within the sphere of influence of both putative black holes. We combined the kinematic data with an HST-based mass model and used Jeans models to measure their SMBH mass. We report the discovery of a dual SMBH system in NGC 7727. We detect a SMBH in the photometric center of the galaxy in Nucleus 1, with a mass of MSMBH = 1.54−0.15+0.18 × 108 M⊙. In the second nucleus, which is 500 pc offset from the main nucleus, we also find a clear signal for a SMBH with a mass of MBH = 6.33−1.40+3.32 × 106 M⊙. Both SMBHs are detected at high significance. The off-axis nature of Nucleus 2 makes modeling the system challenging; however, a number of robustness tests suggest that a black hole is required to explain the observed kinematics. The SMBH in the offset Nucleus 2 makes up 3.0% of its total mass, which means its SMBH is over-massive compared to the MBH − MBulge scaling relation. This confirms it as the surviving nuclear star cluster of a galaxy that has merged with NGC 7727. This discovery is the first dynamically confirmed dual SMBH system with a projected separation of less than a kiloparsec and the nearest dynamically confirmed dual SMBH at a distance of 27.4 Mpc. The second Nucleus is in an advanced state of inspiral, and it will eventually result in a 1:24 mass ratio SMBH merger. Optical emission lines suggest Nucleus 2 is a Seyfert galaxy, making it a low-luminosity Active Galactic Nuclei. There are likely many more quiescent SMBHs as well as dual SMBH pairs in the local Universe that have been missed by surveys that focus on bright accretion signatures.

Anti-reflux surgical treatment for Barrett’s oesophagus

The aim of the study. To improve the effectiveness of surgical treatment for patients with hiatal hernia (HH) and gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD) in combination with Barrett’s esophagus by developing a new method for surgical correction of the physiological cardia incompetence. Materials and methods. The study was conducted in the Department of Digestive Surgery of the State Institution “Institute of Gastroenterology of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine” in 2020–2021 and involved 56 patients with HH and GERD, among them axial HH was detected in 42 patients (75.0 %) – type I; paraesophageal HH – in 6 patients (10.7 %) – type II; mixed HH – in 8 patients (14.3 %) – type III (code ICD-10 – K44). The diagnosis was established using esophagogastroduodenoscopy (by high-resolution NBI mode), X-ray and histological examinations, manometry. Results. When the diagnosis of HH in combination with Barrett’s esophagus was confirmed, a two-stage treatment was performed. During the first stage, argonoplasmic coagulation of the altered esophageal mucosa was done. Anti-reflux procedures constituted the second stage to remove HH and restore an excessive dilatation of the esophageal orifice of the diaphragm by cruroraphy with correction of anti-reflux function of the cardia by fundoplication, angle of His reconstruction and providing free food passage. 11 (19.6 %) patients underwent surgery according to a new technique that provided reliable recovery of cardia physiological functions and preservation of the anatomical relation between the diaphragm and the esophageal-gastric junction and included cruroraphy and fundoplication. Conclusions. Thus, the proposed two-stage method of surgical treatment for patients with HH and GERD in combination with Barrett’s esophagus is highly effective. The application of the proposed method provides the elimination of pathological changes which are visible on conventional endoscopy in the esophageal mucosa, reliable restoration of cardia physiology and preservation of the anatomical relation between the diaphragm and the esophageal-gastric junction. In the post-surgical period, the proposed method of surgical treatment reduces the likelihood of recurrent failure of cardia physiological functions, dysphagia and Barrett’s esophagus.