High Rate Of Development Research Articles

Navigating Regulatory Frameworks and Compliances for Bacteriophages as Therapeutic Agents.

The emergence of multiple antibiotic resistance in recurrent bacterial infections has led to exploring alternative therapeutic options, including using bacteria lysing viruses [bacteriophages] to control recalcitrant infections. Bacteriophages [Phage] and their end products such as enzymes, virus-like particles, and vectors are being used for varied applications such as basic and applied research for the field of phage therapeutics. Phage-based products and services such as viral vectors for gene therapy/vaccines, imaging agents, diagnostics as well as drug delivery agents form a wide range of useful innovative therapeutics that are under development. Regulatory compliances are hence essential for safely implementing phage in varied applications. Product compliances ensure safety, efficacy, stability, and quality control in preclinical as well as manufacturing and marketing processes. A well-established regulatory framework ensures innovative product development with high rates of successful clinical translation and development of phage therapeutics as effective alternatives to antibiotics or for consideration in integrated pathogen management strategies. This review highlights the importance of regulatory standards in different stages of phage therapy- during preclinical research as well as different regulatory bodies in the manufacturing, clinical evaluation, and market approval of phage-based products. Global trends in facilitating phage therapeutics' regulatory frameworks and compliances are discussed.

Estimating optimal temperature conditions for growth, development, and reproduction of Tenebrio molitor (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)

Abstract The yellow mealworm, Tenebrio molitor L., is one of the most important industrialized insects worldwide. As a poikilotherm, T. molitor requires a temperature-regulated environment for its farming. Currently, the farming of T. molitor uses temperatures between 29 and 31°C determined to be optimal for maximizing growth. This study was aimed to test and determine optimal temperature for T. molitor impacting all stages including their development, reproduction, and fitness. Pupae of T. molitor were exposed to 8 different temperatures (18, 21, 24, 27, 30, 33, 36, and 39°C). Developmental rates (=1/d to develop) were calculated at 8 temperatures and fitted in a poikilotherm model to determine the temperature with the highest developmental rate (developmental maximum, To). The developmental maximum was 33°C and the thermal maximum (tm) (lethal temperature) was 39°C. The biological and demographic parameters of T. molitor were compared at 3 favorable temperatures below the To (31, 29, and 27°C) to determine the fitness of T. molitor populations. Fecundity and egg viability were the highest at 27°C (5.25 eggs/female/d and 73.99%, respectively) and the lowest at 31°C (1.55 eggs/female/d and 27.14%, respectively). The shortest larval development time was observed at 27°C and the longest at 31°C (142.81 and 161.97 d, respectively). The highest fitness was observed at 27°C with a population doubling time of 32.78 d compared to 40.58 and 239.4 d at 29 and 31°C, respectively. In conclusion, 27°C is closer to the optimal temperature for T. molitor productivity than 29°C, thus reducing its farming energy needs.

The Median Nerve Displays Adaptive Characteristics When Exposed to Repeated Pinch Grip Efforts of Varying Rates of Force Development: An Ultrasonic Investigation.

Repeated gripping with high grip forces and high rates of grip force development are risk factors for carpal tunnel syndrome. As the nerve's adaptive ability is crucial to prevent disease progression, we investigated how these risk factors influence median nerve deformation and displacement over the time course of a repeated pinch grip task. Seventeen healthy participants performed a repeated grip task against a load cell while their carpal tunnel was scanned with ultrasound. The grip task involved pulp-pinching three consecutive times from 0 to 40% maximal voluntary exertion (MVE), performed at three different rates of force development (RFD): 40% MVE/1 second; 2 seconds; and 5 seconds. Ultrasound images were analyzed at 10% MVE intervals. Nerve circularity, width, height, and cross-sectional area were measured to assess deformation. Median nerve displacement was assessed by its change in position relative to the flexor digitorum superficialis tendon of the third digit (FD) in both radioulnar and palmodorsal axes. Linear mixed modeling indicated that median nerve deformation increased, becoming more circular, with each repeated pulp-pinch (P < .01) and with grip force magnitude (P < .01). However, a faster RFD decreased nerve deformation (P < .01). Furthermore, the nerve displaced ulnarly during pulp-pinching, with greater displacement during the fastest (ie, 40% MVE/1 second) RFD (P < .01). The median nerve deformed and displaced in response to pulp-pinching; however, faster rates of force development hindered this adaptive response. This likely reflects the viscoelastic properties of the healthy nerve and subsynovial connective tissue, highlighting the importance of tissue compliance in preventing nerve compression.

Patterns of failure after stereotactic radiosurgery for brain metastases from small cell lung cancer: outcomes in the immunotherapy era.

Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is known to have high rates of development of brain metastases. Standard treatment has been whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT) but the role for more focused treatment and hippocampal avoidance has arisen in the past decade. In addition, with possible penetration of the central nervous system by more modern immunotherapies, the risk of distant failure may be lower. As such, we reviewed patients at our institution treated with stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) to look at patterns, locations, and predictors of failure in the brain. A retrospective review and analysis of charts was done on 46 patients treated with SRS (no history of prior WBRT) for their brain metastases from SCLC. Multivariate analysis was used to determine significant prognostic factors influencing survival and local/distant failure. We tracked timing and type of immunotherapy, if any, as well as if patients failed in the hippocampus or required WBRT. There were 46 patients with 97 total brain metastases treated with SRS in this study. Median number of metastases was 2 (1-5). The median dose of radiation was 20Gy (20-30) in 3 fractions (1-5) for all 97 tumors. 11 patients did not receive immunotherapy, whereas 35 patients had immunotherapy of some sort. Median overall survival (OS) for the entire cohort was 13months, with a 12month OS of 59% and 2year OS of 30%. Cox regression did not reveal any significant predictors of OS, including age, sex, total volume, extracranial disease, KPS, immunotherapy, or number of metastases. 12month and 24month local control of disease was 95% and 80%, respectively. There were no significant predictors of local failure including volume, dose, or immunotherapy. 25 of the patients had distant brain failure, with a rate of distant failure of 38% and 64% for 6 and 12months, respectively. Immunotherapy, number of metastases, total target volume, nor presence of extracranial disease was predictive of distant brain failure. WBRT free survival was also measured and found to be 73% at 1year. There were no significant predictors for this measure. Lastly, five patients in this cohort showed failure in the hippocampus, where the rate of failure at 6 and 12months was 16%. Rates of distant brain failure in SCLC patients after SRS remain similar to those of NSCLC patients in the immunotherapy era. We did not show a decrease in distant failure rate based on immunotherapy use. The rate of hippocampal failure was quite low and should provide reassurance that SRS and techniques such as HA-IMRT can be reasonably used in these patients. Ongoing clinical trials will help provide more definitive answers in this arena.

High-Energy Transsyndesmotic Ankle Fracture Dislocation-Does Deltoid Ligament Repair Influence the Progression of Posttraumatic Arthritis in Logsplitter Injuries?

To determine the effect of deltoid ligament repair on the development of posttraumatic arthritis in logsplitter ankle injuries. Retrospective cohort. Academic, Level I trauma center. Patients ≥18 years of age with logsplitter injuries (OTA/AO 44B, 44C) treated with open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) with or without deltoid ligament repair from January 2008 to October 2021. The rate of posttraumatic arthritis (PTOA) development at the final follow-up (minimum 6 months) after ORIF was evaluated using the Kellgren-Lawrence scale. The achievement of acceptable reduction indicated by articular reduction <2 mm, and a medial clear space ≤4 mm was assessed at 6 weeks postoperatively with weight-bearing radiographs. The effect of deltoid ligament repair on the development of PTOA was investigated. Fifty-nine patients aged 49.1 ± 17.2 years met inclusion criteria with a mean follow-up of 16.6 months (range = 6 to 96). Twenty-six of 59 patients (44%) had developed PTOA at the final follow-up. Acceptable reduction was achieved in 83.1% (49/59) of fractures. The acceptable reduction rate in fractures undergoing deltoid ligament repair was 100% versus 78% in those without deltoid ligament repair (13/13 vs. 36/46, P = 0.017). The rate of PTOA development was significantly lower in patients who underwent deltoid ligament repair (15%) than those who did not (52%), P = 0.026. Patients who underwent deltoid ligament repair had a significantly reduced rate of PTOA development leading to arthrodesis compared with those who did not (0% vs. 17%, P = 0.013). Logsplitter injuries resulted in a high rate of development of posttraumatic arthritis. An acceptable reduction is required to minimize the risk of development of PTOA and progression to arthrodesis. Deltoid ligament repair during ORIF may facilitate acceptable reduction and decrease the rate of PTOA and progression to arthrodesis in these injuries. Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

The Creation of Concordance as an Effective Tool for Studying the Text: On the Example of A. Baitursynov’s Concordance

The active use of modern computer technologies in philology has led to the intensive development of corpus linguistics. A promising direction in this area is the development of national language corpora and the construction of concordances of various types, differing in the forms of presentation of the material, search capabilities, and technical functions. This research presents basic information about the national language corpora and concordances currently being developed in Kazakhstan. We note that the level of development of corpus linguistics in Kazakhstan differs from the level of development of language corpora in developed countries. Therefore, we point out objective factors that cause an insufficiently high rate of development of Kazakhstani dictionaries in electronic form, especially alphabetical-frequency concordances to the author's texts. This research is a part of our project to develop a Kazakh-Russian parallel corpus of Akhmet Baitursynov, which has about 3,500 words in usage. The article analyzes the structure of concordance and presents the stages, tasks of development, and functional description of the first concordance in Kazakh lexicography by Akhmet Baitursynov, a reformer and founder of Kazakh orthography, a Turkologist, author of the first textbooks. The article analyzes different approaches of scientists to the issue of systematization and typological characteristics of known concordances. Based on this analysis, we have proposed their generalized classification. The developed version of the concordance of A. Baitursynov’s language is the foundation for creating a variety of dictionaries; it can become a precedent for translating Kazakh language to a digital platform.

In vitro clonal micropropagation of selected Malus niedzwetzkyana Dieck forms demonstrating high resilience when introduced into urban environments

Background. Currently, the use of an interdisciplinary approach based on a combination of traditional introduction methods and clonal micropropagation techniques makes it possible to solve one of the key problems of introduction – the establishment of bioresource collections consisting of selected plant accessions with valuable agronomic traits and resistance to unfavorable urban environments. Materials and methods. A plant introduction study resulted in identifying seven specimens of Malus niedzwetzkyana Dieck with resilience to urban environments, high rate of crown development, and longevity. They served as source material for the development of a clonal propagation protocol and in vitro preservation of selected genotypes of this species. Results. It was shown for M. niedzwetzkyana that the most favorable time for taking its plant material for introduction into in vitro culture is the beginning of the active growth of vegetative shoots after flowering. The most optimal sterilization technique for such plant material was a stepwise regime using alcohol, sodium hypochlorite, and silver nitrate: it provided from 50 to 70% of sterile explants and the maximum percentage of meristem proliferation. Combining 0.8 mg/L of benzylaminopurine (BAP) with 0.14 mg/L of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) at the stage of microclonal propagation ensured a significant increase of the reproduction coefficient (on average up to 5.3 ± 0.7) and an improvement in morphometric parameters of microshoots; the maximum frequency of shoot proliferation was 100%. The yield of shoots adapted to ex vitro conditions was 90%. Conclusion. The developed clonal micropropagation protocol made it possible to introduce selected M. niedzwetzkyana forms into in vitro culture and reproduce them in order to set up a resource base for further fundamental and applied research into the system of the genus Malus Mill.

Анализ состояния малокомплектных школ Арктической зоны России

In the article, the authors consider the problems associated with the state and functioning of small educational institutions located in the Arctic zone of Russia, which are due to the specific climatic and national cultural characteristics of this territory. The authors note that the high rates of socio-economic development of the Arctic zone of Russia require the improvement of the educational system of the studied region. The analysis of educational organizations is carried out in the following areas: material and technical condition, equipment of subject rooms and educational spaces, staffing, completeness of classes and levels of implemented education. The presented statistical data (in the form of diagrams and tables) not only visualize the content of the article, but also focus on problem areas in the development of small schools in the region. Based on the results obtained, the causes were identified and proposals were formulated to solve the identified problems.

Assessment of the Impact of Direct Water Cooling and Cleaning System Operating Scenarios on PV Panel Performance

Among the various renewable energy-based technologies, photovoltaic panels are characterized by a high rate of development and application worldwide. Many efforts have been made to study innovative materials to improve the performance of photovoltaic cells. However, the most commonly used crystalline panels also have significant potential to enhance their energy yield by providing cooling and cleaning solutions. This paper discusses the possibility of introducing a dedicated direct-water cooling and cleaning system. As assumed, detailed schedules of the operation of the developed direct water cooling and cleaning system should be fitted to actual weather conditions. In this context, different cooling strategies were proposed and tested, including different intervals of opening and closing water flow. All tests were conducted using a dedicated experimental rig. 70 Wp monocrystalline panels were tested under laboratory conditions and 160 Wp polycrystalline panels were tested under real conditions. The results showed that introducing a scenario with a 1-min cooling and a 5-min break allowed for proving the panel’s surface temperature lower than 40 °C. In comparison, the temperature of the uncooled panel under the same operating conditions was close to 60 °C. Consequently, an increase in power generation was observed. The maximum power increase was observed in July and amounted to 15.3%. On the other hand, considering selected weeks in May, July, and September, the average increase in power generation was 3.63%, 7.48%, and 2.51%, respectively. It was concluded that the division of photovoltaic installation allows reasonable operating conditions for photovoltaic panels with a lower amount of energy consumed to power water pumps.

Small molecules, enormous functions: potential approach for overcoming bottlenecks in embryogenic tissue induction and maintenance in conifers.

Somatic embryogenesis (SE) is not only the most effective method among various strategies for the asexual propagation of forest trees but also a basis for genetic improvement. However, some bottlenecks, such as the recalcitrance of initiation, the maintenance of embryogenic potential during proliferation and the low efficiency of maturation as well as high rate of abnormal embryo development remain unresolved. These bottlenecks refer to complex mechanisms, including transcriptional regulatory networks, epigenetic modifications and physiological conditions. In recent years, several small molecules utilized in animal stem cell research have exhibited positive effects on plant regeneration, including conifer species, which offers a potential novel approach to overcome the challenges associated with SE in conifers. In this review, we summarize the small molecules used in conifers, including redox substances, epigenetic regulatory inhibitors and other metabolism-related molecules, which overcome these difficulties without the use of genetic engineering. Moreover, this approach also has the advantages of dynamic reversibility, simple operation, and simultaneous regulation of multiple targets, which might be one of the best choices for optimizing plant regeneration systems including SE.

Integrative analysis of exvivo studies and microarray reveals the novel inhibitor effects of trehalose on the pathogenesis of pterygium.

Pterygium is a frequent eye surface condition that is characterized by a high rate of proliferation, fibrovascular development, cellular migration, corneal infiltration, and angiogenesis. We investigated that exvivo primary pterygium and conjunctival cell cultures were generated to analyze the effect of trehalose on cellular proliferation. After trehalose treatment, we performed microarray analysis to evaluate changes in the mRNA profile. We analyzed gene ontology (GO) and KEGG pathways to identify hub genes that changed expression levels after treatment and were associated with pterygium development. We selected three genes to verify their expression levels using qRT-PCR. The study also evaluated the impact of trehalose treatment on cell migration through a wound-healing assay. Our results suggested that pterygium cell proliferation was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by trehalose. 2354 DEG were identified in pterygium and conjunctiva cells treated with trehalose compared to untreated groups. Functional enrichment analysis showed that differentially expressed mRNAs are involved in proliferation, vasculature development, and cell migration. We identified ten hub genes including upregulated (RANBP3L, SLC5A3, RERG, ANKRD1, DHCR7, RAB27B, GPRC5B, MSMO1, ASPN, DRAM1) and downregulated (TNC, PTGS2, GREM2, NPTX1, NR4A1, HMOX1, CXCL12, IL6, MYH2, TXNIP). Microarray analysis and functional investigations suggest that trehalose affects the pathogenesis of pterygium by modifying the expression of genes involved in crucial pathways related to cell function.

Country risk and political risk under investigation – recent trends, prospects, and implications

For many years, economic growth has been one the main objectives of economies around the world. Recently, the central focus has diverted from the quantitative to the qualitative approach. Mainstream research acknowledged that institutional quality along with country risk is among the most significant factors that contribute to the achievement of high economic development rates. Country risk is associated with the probability that investors or companies from a certain country will face greater instability or losses and includes financial, economic, and political risks. Lower political risk ranks first in the category of main drives that enable countries to attract more foreign direct investments and allow markets to operate efficiently. This article examined the recent evolutions in terms of the concept and main antecedents of the political risks, considering the current negative disruptions that economies were forced to experience, covering aspects related to health, wars, and economic downturns. The analysis identified that a high political risk negatively impacts demographics, environment, and the health system. The ability of countries to bounce back and develop a strong resilient economy toward adverse shocks depends on the institutional quality and the effectiveness of policymakers, who are responsible for elaborating efficient economic policies.

Swimming Performance Assessments of Fish Species of Greatest Conservation Need to Inform Future Stream Crossing Designs in Texas

Conventional structures associated with stream crossings such as bridges and culverts can lead to zones of high-velocity water flow that impede fish passage. Such obstacles are likely to harm native fish populations by impacting migrations critical to their life history strategies, causing habitat fragmentation and extirpation, thereby limiting population growth and distribution. Due to the high rates of human population growth and development occurring in Texas, this is an issue of particular concern for fish designated as species of greatest conservation need (SGCN). This project focused on four SGCN fishes native to the Edwards Plateau Ecoregion, namely the Guadalupe Bass, Guadalupe Roundnose Minnow, Guadalupe Darter, and Plateau Shiner, at both adult (all species) and juvenile (Guadalupe Bass only) life stages. Our primary aim was to aid in the design of future culverts associated with stream crossings (or the modification of existing culverts) so that the water velocities through these structures do not exceed the swimming capacities of our target SGCN fishes. To this end, we assessed their maximum sustained swimming speeds (Ucrit) under a typical range of Edwards Plateau stream temperatures (15, 22.5, and 30 °C) to be used in site-specific calculations of the maximum allowable culvert water velocities (Vf). A secondary objective was to collect physiological endpoints of relevance to the overall swimming performance including the maximum burst swimming speeds (Umax), metabolic rate measurements (i.e., standard metabolic rate (SMR), maximum metabolic rate (MMR), and aerobic scope (AS)), cost of transport (COT), and optimal swimming speed (Uopt). Temperature-related effects were observed that can be used to inform site-specific culvert designs. In general, the highest Ucrit values for the tested species were near, or possibly between, 22.5 and 30 °C, while Umax stayed relatively consistent among treatments.

ПОСТРОЕНИЕ ОБОБЩЕННЫХ ПОКАЗАТЕЛЕЙ ВЛИЯНИЯ НА ПРИРОСТ ВВП НА ПРИМЕРЕ СТРАН БРИКС

In the last decade, due to high rates of economic development, the role of BRICS countries in the global economy has significantly increased. An analysis of existing methods for assessing the economic condition of BRICS countries has shown the need to establish an optimal system of socio-economic indicators that affect the growth of the gross domestic product (GDP) of these countries, based on which their development can be evaluated. The aim of this study is to aggregate twelve socio-economic indicators for the BRICS countries into generalized factors. The use of factor analysis methods made it possible to construct three factors: production factor, trade factor, and natural resources factor. Based on the obtained results, the BRICS countries were ranked according to each factor.

Socio-cultural risks of multimodal large generative models of "artificial intelligence" (GenAI)

The article is devoted to the study of the conditions for ensuring the information security of Russian citizens when using generative "artificial intelligence" technologies in the socio-cultural sphere. The relevance of the topic is due to the modern high rates of development of computer neural networks that generate multimedia content: texts, images, sounds and videos. The developers classify generative technologies as "artificial intelligence", position them as a "new nuclear project" capable of radically increasing the productivity of socio-cultural creativity, and receive significant government, corporate and investment financing. The object of the study is modern multimedia generative models, the subject of the study is the possibility of their use in the socio-cultural sphere of creativity and the associated risks of information security. The purpose of the study is to determine the conditions for ensuring the information security of Russian citizens when using multimodal generative technologies in the socio-cultural sphere. The research materials are scientific publications of recent years (2021–2024) in Russian journals of the HAC list (categories K1, K2) and international Scopus publications (quartiles Q1, Q2) devoted to research and critical analysis of the possibilities of multimodal generative models, associated risks and security tools. The philosophical methodology is applied: theoretical and cultural analysis, synthesis. The scientific novelty of the article is due to the application of a philosophical theoretical and cultural methodology for a critical comparison of the declarations of developers and the actual potential of applications of multimodal generative technologies. The result of the study is an assessment of how greatly exaggerated the risks predicted based on the positioning of the technologies in question as "artificial intelligence". The real risks are proposed to include: the incompatibility of development costs with the usefulness of the results; lowering the cultural level of professional and amateur creativity and worsening the tastes of the mass audience; use in "social engineering", fraud, mass disinformation, fake news, manipulation of public consciousness, "cancellation culture", destruction of traditional values and substitution of socio-cultural identity. The means of ensuring the safety of Russian citizens in the development and use of multimedia generative technologies in the socio-cultural sphere are recommended.

Abstract 1010: Novel Murine Model For Infrarenal Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Development And Rupture

Introduction: Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA) rupture is linked with increased mortality. Multiple rodent models attempt to capitulate AAA pathology to investigate a preventative cure. However, there are currently no murine models that reliably mimic AAA rupture. Compounds such as porcine pancreatic elastase (PPE), papain, β-aminopropionitrile (BAPN) and angiotensin II (ANG II) can independently promote AAA formation in rodents. We hypothesize that combining these agents can lead to reliable infrarenal AAA rupture model in mice. Methods: 28 male C57BL/6 mice underwent aortic topical exposure to 50μL of either saline (sham), PPE, papain or both PPE+papain (20 &amp; 10.3mg/mL respectively) for 20 minutes with a cotton ball to induce AAA degeneration. A group of 10 mice were also exposed to BAPN at 0.3% via drinking water (Fig 1A). After 3 days, another group of 5 mice was further exposed to ANG II subcutaneous pump. Weight and in vivo aortic size were measured longitudinally. Mice that died spontaneously were promptly assessed to evaluate for AAA rupture (Fig 1B). All remaining mice were sacrificed at week 4. Results: Compared to sham, mice exposed to papain or PPE+papain, but no BAPN or ANG II, demonstrated no change in weight gain, but significantly increased aortic diameter at week 4 (p&lt;0.01) while administration of 0.3% BAPN demonstrated further increase in AAA diameter in both groups (p=0.002 and p&lt;0.001, respectively; Fig 1C). All mice that received PPE+papain+0.3% BAPN as well as ANG II pump developed infrarenal AAAs and 80% developed a free rupture by day 9 (Fig 1D). Conclusion: We present a novel murine model that provides a high rate of infrarenal AAA development and rupture. The model not only combines matrix degradation, but also impulse risk factors known to enhance AAA rupture in humans. The feasibility and reliability of the model facilitates its use in future murine genetic and pharmacological studies that aim to understand AAA pathophysiology and methods of prevention.

Cannabidiol Inhibits Epithelial Ovarian Cancer: Role of Gut Microbiome.

Epithelial ovarian cancer is among the deadliest gynecological tumors worldwide. Clinical treatment usually consists of surgery and adjuvant chemo- and radiotherapies. Due to the high rate of recurrence and rapid development of drug resistance, the current focus of research is on finding effective natural products with minimal toxic side effects for treating epithelial ovarian tumors. Cannabidiol is among the most abundant cannabinoids and has a non-psychoactive effect compared to tetrahydrocannabinol, which is a key advantage for clinical application. Studies have shown that cannabidiol has antiproliferative, pro-apoptotic, cytotoxic, antiangiogenic, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory properties. However, its therapeutic value for epithelial ovarian tumors remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the effects of cannabidiol on epithelial ovarian tumors and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. The results showed that cannabidiol has a significant inhibitory effect on epithelial ovarian tumors. In vivo experiments demonstrated that cannabidiol could inhibit tumor growth by modulating the intestinal microbiome and increasing the abundance of beneficial bacteria. Western blot assays showed that cannabidiol bound to EGFR/AKT/MMPs proteins and suppressed EGFR/AKT/MMPs expression in a dose-dependent manner. Network pharmacology and molecular docking results suggested that cannabidiol could affect the EGFR/AKT/MMPs signaling pathway.

The main venous vessels of the stomach of a Yorkshire pig in the age aspect

Currently, there are known pig breeds that are characterized by a high rate of growth and development, precocity, fertility, individual structural features, high productivity and economic profitability. The study and breeding of new pig breeds helps to thoroughly analyze the data obtained in comparative, species, age aspects with similar types of farm animals. This fact helps to make a reliable assessment of all economic factors, as well as to analyze the quality of products received from the pig industry. The study was conducted at the Department of Animal Anatomy of the St. Petersburg State University of Veterinary Medicine. Cadaveric material for the study was delivered to the Department of Animal Anatomy of the St. Petersburg State University of Veterinary Medicine from the pig breeding complex of the Leningrad Region. To achieve this task, traditional morphological research methods were used, namely: fine anatomical dissection with injection of latex vessels, photographing, vasorentgenography with injection of lead meerkat, morphometry in the "RadiAnt" program. The largest main vessels diverting blood from the pig's stomach are the splenic, left and right gastric veins. Ultimately, they are syntopically connected to the small omentum, passing between the leaves of which they open into the portal vein of the liver. The branch of the right gastric vein branches along the loose type, and the splenic and left gastric veins branch along the main one. When conducting a comparative analysis of the morphometric characteristics of the diameter, the splenic vein will prevail over the left and right gastric veins. The results of the study can be used by veterinary specialists, in particular surgeons, to establish operative access to the stomach of pigs.

Study on the relationship between the changes in polyamine content and seedless grapes embryo rescue breeding.

This study was envisaged to investigate the physiological reasons affecting the embryo development and abortion of seedless grapes on the basis of the previous embryo rescue breeding techniques of seedless grapes. Specifically, the relationship between the embryo rescue breeding of seedless grapes and the change of polyamine content was evaluated, in order to provide hybrid germplasm in the breeding of new seedless grape cultivars. Four ovules of 4 naturally pollinated Eurasian seedless grape cultivars, including 'Thompson Seedless' grape (hereinafter referred to as 'Seedless White' grape), 'Flame Seedless' grape, 'Heshi Seedless' grape and 'Ruby Seedless' grape were employed for the study. Changes in the endogenous polyamine content, exogenous polyamine content, and the suitable combination of exogenous polyamines in the seedless grape berries and isolated ovules were determined during the best embryo rescue period. Furthermore, the effect of different exogenous polyamine contents on the germination and seedling rate of different seedless grape embryos was analyzed. In the best embryo rescue period, the number of ovules had different effects on the content of polyamines. For seedless grape cultivars with 4 ovules, a high content of polyamines was found to be more beneficial in the embryonic development. The existence of embryos had different effects on the development of embryos. In the ovules with embryo, an increase in the content of polyamine was beneficial to the growth and development of the ovule. Different ratios of exogenous polyamines had varying effects on the embryonic development. Putrescine (Put) exhibited the greatest effect on the embryonic development. Further, correlation analysis showed that different combinations of exogenous polyamines had varying effects on the embryonic development. A maximal ovule development was observed in the combination of exogenous polyamines of putrescine2+spermidine2+spermine1. For maximal embryo germination and seeding formation, the optimal combination was putrescine2+spermidine2+spermine2. Irrespective to the number of ovules or the existence of embryos, the results indicated that a high content of endogenous polyamines promoted the growth and development of embryos. The embryo rescue efficiency of different exogenous polyamines was different, and the appropriate combination of exogenous polyamines was beneficial to the growth and development of ovules, with a high development rate of the ovule and seedling.

Анализ барьеров развития электроэнергетики России: история вопроса, современное состояние и перспективы

The author's view of the history of the Russian electric power industry is presented, based on facts confirmed in official sources, an analysis of the problems of the development of the electric power industry in the period from the beginning of the XX century to the present. Based on the latest data, an analysis of the dynamics of the Russian electric power industry from 2018 to the present has been carried out, and the main trends in the market under consideration have been identified. The prospects for the development of the industry are considered, taking into account the Federal legislation of the Russian Federation and state plans. Special attention is paid to the impact of the tense geopolitical situation on the Russian electricity market in 2022-2023. The main problems faced by market participants, as well as the actions of the government and companies in response to the changes, are analyzed. Various methods of electricity production are considered and a comparative analysis of different types of power plants is carried out, which includes a description of their positive and negative sides. It is noted that despite the high rates of development from the moment of formation to the present, barriers and challenges have always arisen, which resulted in reforms to change and modernize the approaches of the state to the development of the Russian electric power industry. Today, the electric power industry of the Russian Federation demonstrates stability, however, the potential of its development tools has not been exhausted and requires constant monitoring and updating. Options for measures to improve the efficiency of the industry are proposed. It is concluded that the various proposed measures will help set a new positive vector for the development of the electric power industry in Russia.