High-quality Higher Education Research Articles

Review of Essential Amendments in Indian Higher Education with Special Reference to COVID-19 Pandemic and National Education Policy (NEP) 2020

India's aspirations to become a major player in the global knowledge economy are fundamentally dependent on high-quality higher education. The availability of faculty with the necessary skills is a must for the global scope of Indian ventures. These goals have been placed on hold because of the COVID-19 pandemic. The pandemic has affected higher education around the world. In India, it halted the implementation of visionary provisions of National Education Policy (NEP) 2020. It has led to unanticipated challenges in continuing the educational activities as Indian higher education continues to suffer from inadequate access to technology. As such, this review paper discusses Indian higher education from a historical perspective to the current situation, with a special focus on NEP 2020 modifications that are have been proposed to improve the education system. It primarily concentrates on the difficulties that Indian higher education faced in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper also explored the opportunities and the necessary adjustments and alterations that may be needed for a smooth and qualitative delivery of higher education in light of visionary NEP 2020 provisions.

Metaheuristics Method for Classification and Prediction of Student Performance Using Machine Learning Predictors

Over the last few decades, there has been a gradual deterioration in higher education in all three areas: the academic setting (both staff and students), as well as research and development output (including graduates). All colleges and universities are essentially focused on improving management decision-making and educating pupils. High-quality higher education can be obtained through a variety of methods. One method is to accurately forecast pupils’ achievement in their chosen educational context. There are numerous prediction models from which to pick. While it is unclear whether there are any markers that can predict whether a kid will be an academic genius, a dropout, or an average performer, the researcher reports student achievement. This article presents a metaheuristics and machine learning-based method for the classification and prediction of student performance. Firstly, features are selected using a relief algorithm. Machine learning classifiers such as BPNN, RF, and NB are used to classify student academic performance data. BPNN is having better accuracy for classification and prediction of student academic performance.

A Comparison of Income Inequality in China and Russia and The Impact on Human Capital

Both China and Russia in economic transition are facing the risk of widening income gap and increasing inequality. This paper analyzes the degree of income inequality between the two countries from the perspectives of Gini coefficient, income quintile and decile. The income distribution system aimed at maintaining the stability has failed to curb the expansion of income inequality. Instead, it has resulted in an unfair distribution of educational opportunities and huge differences in family education investment, which increasingly affects the quality of education, especially the acquisition of high-quality higher education resources. So income inequality has become the main obstacle to the accumulation and development of human capital. Only by controlling income inequality within a reasonable range through a more inclusive system and giving individuals fair educational opportunities can the stock and quality of human capital be improved.

Analysis on the Changing Trend of the Entrance Opportunity of High Quality Higher Education

Analysis on the Changing Trend of the Entrance Opportunity of High Quality Higher Education

A Multiobjective Allocation Method for High-Quality Higher Education Resources Based on Cellular Genetic Algorithm

Optimizing the allocation of higher education resources and improving the utilization efficiency of educational resources are of great significance to further promoting the balanced development of higher education quality. In order to rationalize and maximize the efficiency of the allocation of innovation and entrepreneurship education resources in colleges and universities and build an evaluation index system for the input and output of educational resources, this paper proposes to use the improved cytogenetic algorithm educational resources for resource allocation and utilization. The adaptive constraint processing technology is combined with the cytogenetic algorithm to avoid the algorithm falling into local optimum. Our method has achieved good results on high-dimensional functions. The utilization efficiency and allocation efficiency of innovation and entrepreneurship education resources in colleges and universities have increased by 21.33% and 18.92%, respectively, and tend to be in a balanced state, which can optimize the allocation of educational resources.

Social Aspects of “Gaokao Migration” in Contemporary China

This article examines the special phenomenon of “Gaokao migration”, points out their specifics and differences from the general educational migration. The reasons and consequences of this phenomenon are analyzed. Based on the laws and regulations adopted in China, possible ideas for solving this problem are proposed. The article points out that, in addition to carefully analyzing the qualifications of candidates to ensure fair admission to universities, the development of large-scale, diversified and high-quality higher education is a more realistic way in the long term. Proposed through the joint creation and use of digital educational resources, as well as strengthening international cooperation to address future migration challenges in education.

The system for assessing the quality of education in the universities of the leading countries of the world

The main purpose of the article is to study the most successful experience in the implementation of the education quality assessment system in the leading countries of the world. The world is constantly changing and developing. Together with it, we are changing, our ideas about the natural and anthropogenic environment, about our capabilities and needs are changing. We strive to know more, be able to do better, learn faster. And on this path, education is a powerful tool capable of changing the world. As a socio-cultural institution, education is acquiring new properties and characteristics. But the desire of people to form or receive education of the highest quality remains unchanged, especially in the context of systemic transformations. Universities have always been the main producers and providers of knowledge in society, but today they are recognized as the main generators of knowledge. In the context of global competition, a complex of interrelationships between high-quality higher education, scientific research both in the academic environment and outside it is becoming more important for ensuring the innovative and productive development of the state. As a result of the study, the most effective mechanisms for the implementation of the education quality assessment system in the leading countries of the world, as well as the most optimal methods for their adaptation, were analyzed.

Determinants of Trust in Higher Education

The article addresses the factors that influence students’ trust in the teachers, faculty administration and university administration. Establishing trusting relationships at the university leads to a number of positive effects: for example, it facilitates cooperation between members of educational organization, making them more united, open to communication and motivated; it is a prerequisite for academic excellence, high-quality higher education and loyalty. This is the reason of the researchers’ interest to this topic. However, the factors influencing students’ trust in teachers and university management have yet to be defined. This paper examines the individual, socio-economic and institutional characteristics of student trust. The emphasis is placed on subjective factors – the perception and assessment by young people of what happens with them in the learning process. It is shown that students’ trust in the teachers and university management is positively correlated with their justified expectations (satisfaction), regarding higher education, and negatively correlated with the course of study. The influence of gender is significant when students trust in the administration of the faculty, while the influence of family income is significant when they trust in the administration of the university. Moreover, the last two factors are regionally specific: their effects are significant only for the trust of students studying at Moscow and St. Petersburg universities.

The System of Public Administration in educational institutions in rural regions in the context of the development of educational culture

The main purpose of the article is to study the main qualities of public administration of the higher education system in rural areas. One of the tasks of the state policy in relation to higher education in rural areas at present is the development of a system for diagnosing the quality of education to determine the compliance of the level of education with state standards. In the formation of state policy in the field of higher education in modern conditions, in comparison with recent times, the problem of the quality of higher education has become the leading one. Formation of conditions for the fullest satisfaction of the needs of citizens in high-quality higher education, and the economy - in competent specialists, is becoming one of the main tasks of public administration bodies in higher education in rural areas. In modern conditions of civilizational development, the state plays the main, decisive role in the development of education - by its inherent methods, it is actively involved in the management of educational processes in rural areas. As a result of the study, the most indicative foreign experience of public administration of the higher education system in rural areas was analyzed.

QUALITY OF HIGHER EDUCATION: INTERNATIONAL DISCOURSE

The article deals with the state of research of the concept of higher education quality in Ukraine and other countries of the world. The issue of assessment of university education quality has been defined as the insufficiently studied phenomenon in the domestic and foreign scientific literature and, therefore, it requires further research. It has been found out that the world community considers high-quality higher education as a tool for social, cultural and economic growth. The article stresses that nowadays there is no country which would be satisfied with its higher education system, and the search for innovations for provision tangible results continues. The views of the scientists on higher education quality have been revealed: higher education quality is considered as a set of qualities of a person with higher education that reflects his or her professional competence, value orientation, social orientation and determines the ability of higher education to satisfy both personal spiritual and material needs, as well as the needs of society.

The impact of university rankings on higher education in Russia

High-quality higher education has long been a necessity in the modern world, because it is often one of the few "social elevators". This paper examines the impact of university rankings (international and Russian) on higher education. The study of changes in the availability of higher education, indicators reflecting the quality of education, and also identified indicators that distort the places of Russian universities in international rankings, underestimating them. At the same time, the university's desire to "enter" the rating or improve its position in it may have negative consequences.

GUTE FREMDSPRACHENKENNTNISSE ALS MITTEL ZUR ALLGEMEINEN UND BERUFLICHEN BILDUNG

This article deals with the features of teaching a foreign language (German) of a professional orientation at a technical university. The authors substantiate the relevance of the study, pointing out that proficiency in a foreign language is a means of general and professional development of a student's personality. The stimulating factor in learning a foreign language (German) is motivation. The conditions that contribute to increasing the level of motivation of students of technical specialties of the university in the process of studying a foreign language (German) of a professional orientation are described in detail. The authors of the article emphasize that the professional orientation of teaching a foreign language (German) at a university contributes to the further formation of students' motives, awareness of the importance of acquiring knowledge for the successful mastering of a profession, which in turn determines the need for mastering skills and abilities. They argue the need to provide a motivational sphere in the process of learning a foreign language (German). Explain that intrinsic motivation is not enough to get a high-quality higher education, to become a competitive specialist. That’s why it is necessary to develop external motivation. The authors describe in detail the reasons for the predominance of external motivation over internal motivation among students in the issue of learning a foreign language (German). Particular attention is paid to the study of the issue of the fact that the satisfaction of the actual cognitive and professional motives in the study of a foreign language (German) forms a stable motivation for its further study as a means of communication, obtaining new information for solving academic and professional communication problems. The article is of particular interest to philologists, teachers of foreign languages.

Individual-Centred Approaches to Accessibility in STEM Education

Equitable access to high-quality higher education is in line with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals 4, 5, and 10, which indicate that it is crucial for a future sustainable society. Globalisation and reductions in systemic barriers to university admission are creating increasingly diverse higher education classrooms, but traditional education methods may unfairly disadvantage some groups of students. Creating equity in access to high-quality education requires teaching approaches that are considerate of each student’s individual sociocultural context as it affects their educational attainment. Building on discipline-based education research (DBER) principles in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education, a modified holistic approach is proposed that primarily centres on students and tailors the teaching methods to the needs of the individuals and the dynamic of the whole class. This work demonstrates that educational attainment and student confidence was improved by applying an individual-centred teaching approach in a highly diverse undergraduate engineering classroom. Trials of this approach in a pilot classroom showed clear and consistent improvement over standard active learning approaches. Best practice guidelines for individual-centred teaching in STEM classrooms are provided. Further work is needed to examine the efficacy of this approach in a generalised setting, but the positive outcomes for student attainment are in line with existing research in the literature. The best practice guidelines presented herein may serve as a starting point for other educators to become more aware of the sociocultural needs of their individual students and classrooms, which may result in a move towards equity in STEM higher education.

Online distance education system in remote region in the Russian and Mongolian universities during the COVID-19 pandemic

The objective of the study is to compare the role of faculty between two universities in restriction regime conditions, to identify problems and future perspectives for the transformation of information technologies in universities. The study was conducted among 145 lecturers from Russia and 102 lecturers from Mongolia. The questionnaire consists of 20 questions related to the research topic. The anonymous study was conducted in July 2020 after the second academic semester. The analysis of the resulting survey showed 100% adaptability to online learning of the lecturers in the National University of the Medical Science in Darkhan and 75% adaptability to online learning of the lecturers in Trans-Baikal State University when they moved to the online learning approach. The effectiveness and quality of the transition to the online learning approach principally depend on the professional qualities of lecturers. The lecturers of the Mongolian university had an adequately high level of application of modern information and communication technology in distance learning in comparison with the lectures in Trans-Baikal State University. The implementation of the educational online process by lecturers should be focused on obtaining high-quality higher education, two university students. Survey findings point to the need for universities to continue to improve digital transformation, which is currently one of the most effective ways to engage students in the educational process.

OBJECTIVE STRUCTURED PRACTICAL EXAMINATION ON DISCIPLINE “UKRAINIAN LANGUAGE AS FOREIGN LANGUAGE” AS TOOL TO ASSESS COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCIES OF INTERNATIONAL MEDICAL SDTUDENTS

High quality higher education is a solid basis of individual and public intellectual property. It is also an integrated part of standard of living and citizens’ welfare. Finally, the mission of higher education is to offer competitive priority to its receivers now and in the future. So, we need to pay our attention on the quality of education. This article focuses on the evaluation of language and communicative competencies of future health care professionals. Health care system is of exceptional importance because the existence and further development of the state institution as a whole is impossible without the full and harmonious functioning of the health care system. The author highlights approaches to monitor students’ knowledge and speaking skills as well as behaviour, attitude. Applying Objective Structured Practical Examination (OSPE) at a medical university, especially at the non-clinical departments has been proven as an effective tool to assess these abilities, describes the design, preparation and procedure of this examination. Some themes within the scope of the material checked («At the hospital admission office. Primary patient assessment. General complaints of the patient»», III year, medical faculty) have been presented and analyzed in details in the context of this examination. Experimental Stations of the Objective Structured Clinical Examination on the discipline «Ukrainian as a Foreign Language» is one of the modern way to evaluate how effectively medical students can communicate and apply language knowledge when simulating commonly encountered scenarios at medical settings. Moreover, the Objective Structured Practical Examination (OSPE) can be used for checking of students’ communicative skills. Thus, there are some differences between the Objective Structured Practical Examination (OSPE) and the Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE). The study has been presented within the anthropocentric scientific paradigm. The methodology included descriptive analytical methods, general linguistic methods, modern methods of comparison, discourse analysis.

Changing educational trends in the context of global digitalization of society

The fourth industrial revolution affects all spheres of life of modern society and economy. In contrast to previous revolutions, when the structure and organization of universities were relatively intact, the combination of technology with artificial intelligence is being implemented more and more deeply and on a larger scale in many areas of the educational system around the world. The very concept of 'deep learning', which is key to progress in the use of digital resources and artificial intelligence, changes the basic, well-established goals of universities and can create new competition for them. This, in turn, entails an inevitable change in the overall paradigm of teaching, education and self-education, and the implementation of ongoing research, which requires a fundamental re-evaluation and transformation of the entire educational model. Whether universities will cope with this task will become obvious in the near future, but it is already impossible to ignore, that is, simply ignore the opening prospects. Global digitalization can provide a high-quality educational environment to stimulate interest in educational resources, which contributes to the formation of a conscious, urgent need for obtaining high-quality higher education. Interactive and digital technologies support students’ involvement in the learning process and improve the learning process as a whole, making it more intuitive and adaptive. Innovative resources also provide an opportunity for self-development by targeting students for research activities. Such technologies allow many students outside of a University or other educational institution from all over the world to participate in scientific discoveries through web audiences and joint online projects. In addition to improving the quality of education, the latest technologies can make education available to a much larger number of applicants. However, the results of the analysis of potential and already implemented methods using interactive scientific developments allow us to come to the conclusion that we should not forget that high-quality education at the highest professional level requires personal and subjective attention, which cannot be automated. The author's conclusions obtained from the analysis of publications on this issue are the value of the study and can be applied in the implementation of the educational process in the context of global digitalization at many stages of education.

World experience of professional development of staff

Problem setting. Today, high-quality higher education and vocational training is recognized by the world community as a significant dominant in the creation of a system of values by economies and the ability to quickly adapt to changing environments for production processes. Preservation and development of human creative potential is the main goal of innovative education, which should be permeated with universal values. To do this, it is necessary to make it develop harmonious thinking, which is based on a combination of inner freedom of the individual and his social responsibility, as well as tolerance. Analysis of recent researches and publications. A significant contribution to solving the problems of personnel development has been made by domestic and foreign scientists and practitioners, including O. Amosov, O. Ataeva, V. Vesnin, N. Gavkalova, G. Dessler, O. Yegorshin, V. Kovalev, N. Markova. E. Morgunov and others. Issues related to personnel development management were studied by such scientists as V. A. Savchenko, T. P. Zbrytska, G. O. Savchenko. A. O. Vornachev, A. N. Boyko, and Y. I. Kravets studied the world experience of professional training of skilled workers. Target of research to analyze the modern world experience of professional development of personnel of enterprises on the example of leading economies. Article’s main body. The article points out that the priority areas for further development of our country’s enterprises are the wider use of the experience of leading economies of the world in the field of quality management and development, formation and maintenance of a culture of quality, development and implementation of standards for personnel development, adapted to the needs of a specific organization. As the development of national vocational education becomes innovative through the use of the experience of the leading countries of the world, the need for specialists to improve their skills during work in accordance with the requirements of the modern world labor market is increasing, the national system of competences and qualifications and so on is being improved. Conclusions and prospects for the development. In order to overcome the shortage of highly qualified specialists, it is proposed to introduce at the state level legislatively regulated financial support of enterprises in the field of vocational training and development of employees, namely: (1) to develop and legislatively invest the funds in the training of employees and their professional development through loans, government tax incentives for companies to organize training, training, retraining, retraining and advanced training of staff; (2) allocate government subsidies to employers who create additional training places for industrial and on-the-job training; (3) stimulate the interest of employers in improving the professional level of staff through a system of encouraging them and improving the organization and improving the quality of education; (4) create funds for employers to transfer a percentage of their payroll to cover most of their employers’ training costs; (5) envisage, within the framework of collective agreements, the creation of training funds, the assets of which are formed either from a payroll tax or through government subsidies; (6) strengthen the responsibility of employers and employees themselves for their professional level in order to increase the efficiency of the use of funds for vocational training of staff; (6) develop draft legal acts to encourage and encourage staff to continue learning and appropriate mechanisms for their implementation (financial assistance – state or sponsorship, educational leave - partially or fully paid, grants, scholarships, etc.); (7) to encourage enterprises to expand cooperation with higher education institutions, research institutes and other institutions of social and pedagogical orientation for the development of scientific and methodological foundations of professional development of staff.

An Important Way for the Balanced Development of China’s Higher Education: First-class Universities to the Central and Western Regions

With the support of the higher education institutions in the western region and the promotion of the higher education revitalization plan in the central and western regions, China has basically solved the problem of “higher education poverty in the central and western regions”, but the relationship between supply and demand of high quality higher education is still very tense, especially in the central and western high quality higher education. Being lack of resources and a small number of first-class universities, the uneven geographical distribution of high-quality higher education resources has become the main factor restricting the overall development of China’s higher education. How to rationally allocate high-quality higher education resources in the east to the central and western regions, the feasibility of first-class universities to the central and western schools, and the promotion of policies to solve the central and western are of great significance. Keywords: higher education balance, first-class university, central and western school DOI : 10.7176/JEP/10-9-06 Publication date :March 31 st 2019

EVALUATION OF OPEN HIGHER EDUCATION PROGRAMS IN TURKEY

In the development of open and distance education, the formation of open universities constitutes an important milestone. What is expected from those institutions called “mega universities”, with their large scale economies as a result of their high number of students, is that they provide this large mass of students with low-cost and high-quality higher education. This role can be undertaken by an open university in every country. However, besides Anadolu University, which used to be the only institution in Turkey in this field for many years, Istanbul University and Ataturk University also have been active in open education since 2011. The motivation of this study is to evaluate the development processes of these universities that have more than one hundred thousand students. For this purpose, the following are evaluated and interpreted: The place of undergraduate and graduate programs offered in these three universities in all university programs; their different practices in associate degree and undergraduate programs; quota restrictions and enrollment numbers in programs; and program diversities. In the scope of this study, relevant data from the last ten years of higher education manuals were collected, and the university web pages were examined. Findings in the study show that sufficient program diversity has not been achieved, and high quota restrictions decreased the student numbers of these universities. The ways of achieving program diversity and overcoming quota constraints by considering quality and requirements are the subjects of more detailed further researches.

THE CHALLENGES OF FORMALIZATION AND MODELING OF HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS IN THE 21ST CENTURY

This study is aimed at the analysis and development of methodologies to ensure and manage the quality of higher education. There have been radical changes and transformation of the postindustrial society into a global information society on the basis of knowledge and competence, and the increased external demands from society to the result of higher education have significantly influenced the development of higher education at the end of the 20th century. Accordingly, the roles, organizational forms and ways of functioning of higher education institutions (HEIs) have changed as one of the basic elements of the higher education system, ensuring the development of economic, social, cultural and global, national and regional communities as a whole. The current system of education is characterized by the virtual absence of institutions responsible for the results of their activities. Not sufficiently independent forms and mechanisms of participation of citizens, employers, professional associations on the development of educational policy have not been developed. There are no structures for an independent assessment of the quality of education.As a result of adaptation to the global information society, the classical model of the HEI was transformed, which manifested itself in the formation of a new type of HEI. The vector of transformation of the models of HEI were not only accompanied by diverse organizational change and revisions of the missions of universities, but also by the formation of strategic management as a factor in-system with the release of its organizational and functional entity. In the article, as a form of presentation of scientific methodologies of social processes and objects, a triad hierarchical model is proposed, represented in the form of a hierarchical system containing levels: system, structure, inter-system exchange, movement and applied fields of knowledge. Thus, the essence of the approach is to develop a triadic concept and its application to describe the structures of social objects and processes and construct different classes of models to study their properties and improve management processes, taking into account the human factor.In the future, the proposed methodology can provide the most appropriate solution to ensure a comprehensive and high-quality higher education.