High Quality Digital Video Research Articles

Design and Implementation of Parallel Bypass Bin Processing for CABAC Encoder

The ever-increasing demand for high-quality digital video requires efficient compression techniques and fast video codecs. It necessitates increased complexity of the video codec algorithms. So, there is a need for hardware accelerators to implement such complex algorithms. The latest video compression algorithms such as High-Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) and Versatile Video Coding (VVC) have been adopted Context-based Adaptive Binary Arithmetic Coding (CABAC) as the entropy coding method. The CABAC has two main data processing paths: regular and bypass bin path, which can achieve good compression when used with Syntax Elements (SEs) statistics. However, it is highly intrinsic data dependence and has sequential coding characteristics. Thus, it is challenging to parallelize. In this work, a 6-core bypass bin path having high-throughput and low hardware area has been proposed. It is a parallel architecture capable of processing up to 6 bypass bins per clock cycle to improve throughput. Further, the resource-sharing techniques within the binarization and a common controller block have reduced the hardware area. The proposed architecture has been simulated, synthesized, and prototyped on 28 nm Artix 7 Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). The implementation of Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) has been done using 65 nm CMOS technology. The proposed design achieved a throughput of 1.26 Gbin/s at 210 MHz operating frequency with a low hardware area compared to existing architectures. This architecture also supports multi-standard (HEVC/VVC) encoders for Ultra High Definition (UHD) applications.

Responsive Aesthetics: Remediating Digital-to-Analog Television Converters as Artist Tools

“Responsive Aesthetics: Remediating Digital-to-Analog Television Converters as Artist Tools” documents the research process undertaken to explore the reanimation of a digital-to-analog television converter box as an artistic tool for intervention with the digital broadcast image through real-time datamoshing. We define datamoshing as an exploitation and interruption of the algorithms that comprise high quality digital streaming video, resulting in the visual distortion and alteration of the image. Our goal was to create a responsive datamoshing system that would not only modulate and distort the incoming broadcast image, but also provide artists with a level of control over these variations. We approached this process as artists, rather than technologists. Inspired by a specific visual or aesthetic result, we would reflect on how this result was achieved technically and then experiment with other methods that might offer further enhancement. The final result was the creation of a responsive datamoshing tool for use in exhibition or performance, both on its own or in combination with other systems (i.e., software, apps, image processing machines).

QoS-Optimized Adaptive Multi-layer (OQAM) architecture of wireless network for high quality digital video transmission

Quality of Service (QoS) optimization is an important design goal in wireless video transmission. The application (APP) layer 802.11e medium access control (MAC) layer, and physical (PHY) layer of the wireless protocol stack can be jointly designed for the exchange of information. This will optimize the performance of wireless network for real-time digital video transmission. This paper proposes an innovative ‘QoS-Optimized Adaptive Multi-layer (OQAM)’ architecture. It ensures reliable and high-quality video transmission over communication channels. The channel exhibits wide variability in throughput, delay, and packet loss. The simulation is performed using EvalVid and Network Simulator-2. Enhanced Intra Prediction (EnIP) algorithm with H.264/MPEG4 Advanced Video Coding (AVC) is proposed at the APP layer. This H.264/MPEG4 AVC is a non-scalable video enCOder/DECoder (CODEC). Improved MAC Adaptive Retry Limit (IMALr) is proposed as smart-packet drop mechanism at the 802.11e MAC layer. It uses packet overflow drop (Pov) and expired-time packet discard (Pex) algorithm. Enhanced Adaptive Forward Error Correction (EnAFEC) is proposed at the PHY layer. The aforementioned algorithms are jointly considered in the proposed OQAM architecture, which increases the coding efficiency, reduces end-to-end delay and increases reliability of wireless network for real-time Video over Wireless (VoW) transmission.

Acquisition of high-quality digital video of Drosophila larval and adult behaviors from a lateral perspective.

Drosophila melanogaster is a powerful experimental model system for studying the function of the nervous system. Gene mutations that cause dysfunction of the nervous system often produce viable larvae and adults that have locomotion defective phenotypes that are difficult to adequately describe with text or completely represent with a single photographic image. Current modes of scientific publishing, however, support the submission of digital video media as supplemental material to accompany a manuscript. Here we describe a simple and widely accessible microscopy technique for acquiring high-quality digital video of both Drosophila larval and adult phenotypes from a lateral perspective. Video of larval and adult locomotion from a side-view is advantageous because it allows the observation and analysis of subtle distinctions and variations in aberrant locomotive behaviors. We have successfully used the technique to visualize and quantify aberrant crawling behaviors in third instar larvae, in addition to adult mutant phenotypes and behaviors including grooming.

Full visualization and startup performance of an ammonia pulsating heat pipe

In this paper, a novel study on full visualization and startup performances of pulsating heat pipe using ammonia as working fluid are experimented. The tested pulsating heat pipe, consisting of 6 turns, is fully made of quartz glass tubes with 6mm outer diameter and 2mm inner diameter. The filling ratio is 70%. Wall temperature fluctuations of several key positions are recorded under a series charge of heat inputs. The visualization investigation is conducted to observe the oscillations and circulation flows with the advantage of high quality digital video camera, by which the unique thermodynamic behaviors are able to recognize and analyze more easily. The experimental results show that the startup power required by the ammonia Pulsating Heat Pipe (PHP) is very small, owing to particular identities of ammonia. It is observed that there are also some unevenly distributions in slug-train during initial and operating state. Phenomena such as circulation flows and local oscillations coupling breaking up of bubbles and formation of slugs are observed.

Scalable Extension of HEVC for Flexible High‐Quality Digital Video Content Services

This paper describes the scalable extension of High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) to provide flexible highquality digital video content services. The proposed scalable codec is designed on multi‐loop decoding architecture to support inter‐layer sample prediction and inter‐layer motion parameter prediction. Inter‐layer sample prediction is enabled by inserting the reconstructed picture of the reference layer (RL) into the decoded picture buffer of the enhancement layer (EL). To reduce the motion parameter redundancies between layers, the motion parameter of the RL is used as one of the candidates in merge mode and motion vector prediction in the EL. The proposed scalable extension can support scalabilities with minimum changes to the HEVC and provide average Bjøntegaard delta bitrate gains of about 24% for spatial scalability and of about 21% for SNR scalability compared to simulcast coding with HEVC.

P23.14: Remote ultrasound diagnosis of fetal cardiac abnormality using real‐time high quality digital video transport system

Although initial evaluation of the pregnant patientpresenting with abdominal pain, fever, bleeding, and various othersymptoms will be obstetric, medical and surgical etiologies must alsobe considered. Given the concern for radiation exposure to the fetus,ultrasound is often utilized for evaluation of multiple organs duringpregnancy. MRI has been increasingly utilized in the evaluation ofthe pregnant patient owing to the absence of ionizing radiation,multiplanar capability with a wide field of view, and excellent tissuecharacterization.

Adaptive two-step edge-based partial distortion search algorithm using motion vector prediction

Motion estimation is a core process within video coding schemes, because it enables the transmission and storage of video signals, while using a lower bit rate. Various methods have been proposed for motion estimation. A full search algorithm is considered to be the optimal method, but it suffers from a high computational burden. In order to reduce the computations, this paper proposes an adaptive two-step edgebased partial distortion search algorithm. The proposed algorithm reduces computations by reducing the total search point and adjusting the search range. The proposed algorithm is 147 times faster than full search (FS), 12 times faster than normalized partial distortion search, and 1.75 times faster than a two-step edge based partial distortion search (TS-EPDS). It also shows a high video quality, in comparison with FS, in terms of PSNR. The proposed algorithm is suitable for real-time implementation of high-quality digital video applications.

Anywhere But the Home: The Promiscuous Afterlife of Super 8

Anywhere But the Home: The Promiscuous Afterlife of Super 8

Exposing Digital Forgeries in Interlaced and Deinterlaced Video

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> With the advent of high-quality digital video cameras and sophisticated video editing software, it is becoming increasingly easier to tamper with digital video. A growing number of video surveillance cameras are also giving rise to an enormous amount of video data. The ability to ensure the integrity and authenticity of these data poses considerable challenges. We describe two techniques for detecting traces of tampering in deinterlaced and interlaced video. For deinterlaced video, we quantify the correlations introduced by the camera or software deinterlacing algorithms and show how tampering can disturb these correlations. For interlaced video, we show that the motion between fields of a single frame and across fields of neighboring frames should be equal. We propose an efficient way to measure these motions and show how tampering can disturb this relationship. </para>

Multiple description video coding using coefficients ordering and interpolation

A Multiple Description Video Codec is presented, suitable for high-quality digital video transmission. The method works in the DCT domain, and associates to each descriptor two data sources: a subset of the original transform coefficients, and side information concerning the position and magnitude of the remaining coefficients. When one or more descriptors are (partially) lost, the side information is used at the decoder to interpolate the missing coefficients, thus achieving a better reconstruction. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is greatly enhanced by the use of a JPEG-like syntax and an efficient 3D-VLC in the encoding of the overhead information. This choice makes also easier and natural the integration of the MDC scheme in most DCT-based standard encoders such as M-JPEG and MPEG-1/2. With respect to previous approaches to MDC, the proposed strategy is characterized by a limited overhead and a reduced impact in terms of computational complexity. Furthermore, the coefficient selection strategy allows splitting the video stream into an arbitrary number of descriptors, overcoming a major limitation of most MDC schemes. These features make the proposed method suitable for real-time applications of video delivery, especially in wireless environments where the computational complexity is usually performed by low-power devices. As far as the reconstruction quality is concerned, extensive experimental sessions demonstrated that the loss of one descriptor produces a slight degradation in a two-descriptors scheme, while it is almost seamless in a three-descriptors scheme.

The influence of biological sex, sexuality and gender role on interpersonal distance

This research reports on a conceptually and methodologically innovative study, which sought to measure the influence of gender on interpersonal distance. In so doing, we argue for an important distinction to be made between biological sex, gender role, and sexuality. To date, however, progress in the study of interpersonal distance (IPD) has been inhibited by poor operational definitions and inadequate measurement methodologies. For our own investigation, we innovated on methodology by devising the digital video-recording IPD method (DiVRID) that records interpersonal spatial relationships using high quality digital video equipment. The findings highlighted not only the validity of our innovative method of investigation, but also that a more sophisticated conceptualization of the impact of gender on IPD is warranted than can be accounted for by biological sex differences. In this study, we found that gender role accounts for more of the variation in IPD than the conventionally reported gender variable, sex.

Use of Screen Recording Software to Create Video Tutorials for Dermatopathology Education

Texts and atlases have limitations when used to teach dermatopathology to trainees: they can be tedious and time‐consuming to use, image detail is limited, text and figure legends can be ambiguous, and only a minor degree of image annotation (letters, arrows, lines outlining important features) is possible. A video screen recording software program (Camtasia Studio) has been used to create high quality digital audio and video dermatopathology tutorials. The screen recording program is started with the image window being recorded. Audio narration (USB digital microphone) is recorded along with live drawings of annotating lines outlining important histologic features, creating the effect of a “digital chalkboard” being used by the instructor. Separate clips of each “chalkboard annotation” with accompanying narration can be combined to create a seamless movie detailing each of the important histopathologic features leading to a specific dermatopathologic diagnosis. Video dermatopathology tutorials are extremely effective because they closely mimic instruction at the microscope. However, they offer the significant advantage of allowing remote teaching at any time or place convenient for the learner. Tutorials can be compressed into a variety of multimedia formats and streamed for web delivery or can be provided on CD for distribution.

Portable receivers for digital multimedia broadcasting

A new national standard for digital multimedia broadcasting (DMB) has been announced in Korea to provide high quality digital audio, video, and data broadcasting services to fixed, mobile, and portable receivers. We have developed the world's first DSP/FPGA implementation of the portable DMB receiver, complete with an RF receiver, a 6.4-inch LCD display, and audio/video/data decoders. In this paper, we present the design, implementation, and performance of this portable DMB receiver. First, we provide a brief overview of the DMB system and the audio/video coding tools supported by it, i.e., MPEG-4 BSAC and MPEG-4 Part 10 AVC/H.264. We discuss the low-power high-performance design of the DMB receiver, focusing particularly on the audio/video decoding parts. Finally, we illustrate the performance of the portable DMB receiver that operates in real-time at the overall frequency of 25 MHz.

DVTS-Based Remote Laboratory Across the Pacific Over the Gigabit Network

The objective of this study is to investigate a remote laboratory on electric motors using high-speed networks between Japan and the United States. The client, situated at Stanford University, Stanford, CA, accessed the remote laboratory system set up in Japan. Through this client, the remotely located user operated the motors and conducted experiments. The remote laboratory was conducted over a high-quality digital video conference system, making it possible for both sides to communicate smoothly with each other and for the remote user to observe close-up details of the laboratory, including the motor's fine movements. Using a network bandwidth of 15 Mb/s, the authors were able to demonstrate the validity of the remote laboratory experiment.

Development of International Medical Teleconference System Using Advanced Research Network and Digital Video Transport System(DVTS)

Objective: The purpose of this study is to develop telesurgical conference system by establishing a gigabit broad-banded network between hospitals in Korea and Japan using Digital Video Transport System(DVTS) on internet protocol, and to audit performance of this system through questionnaire study. Methods: The Korea Advanced Research Network(Korean side), the Fukuoka Gigabit Highway(Japanese side), and the Korea-Japan Cable Network(international line)were used for assuring a high speed network connectivity. DVTS streaming was propagated with 30 M bps bandwidth for two channels on IPv4 network. Network security was built with virtual private network solution to guarantee protecting patient's privacy. Technological performance and satisfaction of users were evaluated following the events. Results: The teleconference sessions and live surgery transmission with DVTS on Internet protocol using advanced research network were performed successfully. Bandwidth of 60 Mbps for two-line transmission was maintained throughout the conference. The quality of the transmitted pictures had no frame loss with the rate of 30 frames per second. The sound was also clear and the time delay was less than 0.3 sec. Effectiveness of telesurgical conference using advanced network was felt beneficial for 94% of the attendants in questionnaire study. Conclusion: Establishing an international telesurgical conference system with high quality digital video transmission over internet protocol using international gigabit network was performed successfully. With the improvement of network engineering, this system is expected to contribute penetration of medical skills and knowledge through network infrastructure.

Design of multi-standard NTSC/PAL video encoder

Abstract This paper presents the design of a multi-standard NTSC/PAL video encoder. The encoder converts International Telecommunication Union-Recommendation (ITU-R) BT.601 4:2:2, ITU-R BT.656 or RGB inputs from various video sources into National Television Standards Committee (NTSC) or phase-alternate line (PAL) TV signals in both S-video and composite video baseband signals (CVBS). The encoder adopts multiplier-free structures to reduce hardware complexity. The hardware bit width of programmable digital filters for luminance and chrominance signals, along with other operating blocks, are carefully determined to produce high-quality digital video signals of 1 least significant bit (LSB) error or less. The proposed encoder is experimentally demonstrated by using the Altera APEX20K600EBC652-3 device.

2619 Remote Laboratory の研究開発

The objective of this study is to investigate a remote laboratory on electric motors using high-speed networks between Japan and the U.S. A client situated at Stanford University (California, U.S.A) accessed the remote lab system set up in Japan. Through this client, the remotely located user operated the motors and conducted experiments. The remote lab was conducted over a high quality digital video conference system, making it possible for both sides to communicate smoothly with each other, and for the remote user to observe close-up details of the lab including the motor's fine movements. Using a network bandwidth of 15-30 Mbps, the authors were able to demonstrate the validity of the remote lab experiment.

A low cost optical storage server for near video-on-demand systems

A near video-on-demand system is one of the most economic and practical applications to provide high quality digital video services through a network in terms of cost, storage and network capacity requirements. In this paper, an optical storage server with a novel data placement and retrieval schemes is proposed for a near video-on-demand system. The proposed data placement scheme on the optical discs fully exploits the periodical broadcast characteristic of an NVOD service to optimize the disc bandwidth utilization. By further applying our retrieval schedule strategy, the buffer requirement of a system can be significantly reduced. In that way, the maximal number of supported streams with the minimal buffer requirement can be easily achieved, The storage system can be applied not only to CD-ROMs storing MPEG-1, but also to Digital Video Disks (DVDs) storing MPEG-2 in the near future.

3207 日米を高速回線で結んだremote laboratory実験について(OS06-2/設計教育(2))(OS06/設計教育)

The objective of this study is to investigate a remote laboratory on electric motors using high-speed networks between Japan and the U.S. A client situated at Stanford University (California, U.S.A.) accessed the remote lab system set up in Japan. Through this client, the remotely located user operated the motors and conducted experiments. The remote lab was conducted over a high quality digital video conference system, making it possible for both sides to communicate smoothly with each other, and for the remote user to observe close-up details of the lab including the motor's fine movements. Using a network bandwidth of 15-30 Mbps, the authors were able to demonstrate the validity of the remote lab experiment.