High-quality Content Research Articles

Impact of the Febrile Podcast and Learning Resource as an Infectious Diseases Education Platform.

Febrile is an infectious diseases (ID) podcast and learning platform with the aim of providing high-quality and accessible ID content for learners. We describe the use of Febrile as a resource for learning and teaching ID as well as learner satisfaction and perceived impact on clinical practice. The Febrile platform was launched in December 2020 and includes audio podcast episodes, infographics, and detailed online summaries of adult and pediatric ID topics. Production and contributor information is summarized. Podcast, website, and social media engagement is reported from available quantitative analytics. An online anonymous survey was conducted to assess educational impact. After 3 years of operation, Febrile has produced 90 episodes and has been downloaded >460 000 times in 196 countries, with the majority of its audience (58.9%) listening from within the United States. A total of 230 participants from 30 countries and 38 US states completed the survey, of whom 79 (34.5%) were ID fellows in training and 78 (34.2%) were ID faculty physicians. Seventy-two percent of survey respondents reported visiting the website, and 82% had seen an infographic. Enhancing core ID knowledge was the primary driver for listening. Two-thirds of respondents indicated that information learned from Febrile has changed their practice, and 50% have used Febrile as a way to teach others. Febrile also led to favorable impressions of ID for those considering ID as a career. Febrile is an engaging platform for ID medical education and provides a unique resource within the global ID community.

Современное учебно-методическое обеспечение образовательного процесса на занятиях по иностранному языку в условиях цифровизации общества

Introduction: The article analyzes the problem associated with the emergence of digital tools in the digital era, which has led to the emergence of a new didactic tool for teachers to organize the educational process, which has improved the quality of teaching a foreign language. The purpose of the article is to assess the possibilities and ways to improve the educational process in the digital era with the help of modern educational and methodological support, including digital tools. Materials and methods of research: methods of comparison and analysis of teaching practice. The research materials were the results of a survey of foreign language teachers with experience in using digital technologies. Research results: the prospect of using modern educational and methodological support for the educational process in the era of digitalization of society is substantiated; The content of the concepts “digital educational environment”, “digital tools”, “digital technologies” and “digital educational resources” is revealed. As a result of the diagnosis, an increase in the level of development of communication skills in students was revealed on the basis of modern educational and methodological support. Discussion and conclusion: analysis of the results of the study showed a positive impact on the development of foreign language communicative competence in students. It is proposed to actively use digital tools that open wide access to high-quality educational digital content and bring the language training of future specialists in the field of intercultural contacts to a new level of quality.

The Implementation of Digital Education in India: A Study

The world has witnessed an exponential increase in the use of technology in the field of education and the global education sector has been witnessing revolutionary changes in present times. This happens because all across the world the digital revolution taken place. In the past traditional Indian classrooms were characterized by students passive listening to hour-long lectures without any visual aids. However, with the advance digital technology, learning has become more engaging and interactive for both students and educators. In India, there has been significant increase in the adoption of digital and live virtual classrooms across various educational levels in recent years. This study was explore how leveraging high-quality content developed for Massive Open Online Courses can enhance traditional face to face teaching, with students engagement being one of the benefits and aims to gave overview of digital education, components of digital education, benefits of digital education in India and challenges of an Indian society for moving towards digital education.

Media Ethics and News Media Financing in a Fledgling Economy- A Case of the Gambia

Purpose: This paper examines how media ethics and news media financing interact in the setting of a nascent economy. The study focuses on the significance of ethical standards in journalism and how obstacles to funding might have a detrimental effect on them. Issues interrogated include how media ethics are violated, how financial hardships have contributed to the phenomena, the causes of the paucity of funding, and how the news media can navigate the daunting terrain of shrinking financial resources.
 Methodology: The study collected data from both primary and secondary sources. While interviews with 15 seasoned media professionals provided the primary data, recent literature provided the secondary data.
 Findings: The results of this study reveal that many media organisations are underpaying their employees, failing to facilitate skills acquisition training for staff, lacking editorial guidelines, hiring underqualified staff to cut costs, and failing to adequately provide the staff with the logistics needed for news gathering, all of which compromise professionalism and drive the phenomena of sensational reporting, partisanship (especially during elections), one-sided reporting, inadequate source attribution, language decorum, inaccurate reporting, lack of skills for covering highly sensitive topics like those relating to children, domestic violence, court proceedings, etc., invasion of people's privacy, and acceptance of freebies by journalists are all examples of how ethical standards are broken.
 Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Innovative advertising campaigns aimed at small businesses, grants for the promotion of current development issues, the creation of content that would draw viewers from outside of Gambia, increased media organization collaboration to cut production costs, the creation of high-quality content, being more inventive to create content that various populations can relate to, and the Media Council's advocacy for government subvention to news media organization’s were suggested as solutions to funding challenges faced by the media.

A Double-Edged Sword: Quality and Credibility of Colon Cancer Screening Content on YouTube.

Introduction Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a significant public health challenge globally, with its pathogenesis involving the transformation of benign adenomas into malignant carcinomas. Despite advancements in screening and early detection significantly improving outcomes, the rise of digital platforms like YouTube for disseminating health information presents new challenges. Concerns over the accuracy and reliability of content underline the necessity for rigorous evaluation of these digital health education tools. Methods Our study was conducted at Nassau University Medical Center, East Meadow, New York. We meticulously analyzed YouTube videos on "colon cancer screening awareness," employing strict selection criteria to ensure both relevance and quality, focusing on English-language content with pertinent audio. Videos were evaluated for their quantitative and qualitative attributes-views, subscriber counts, likes/dislikes, comments, and content type, classifying them as scholarly or personal. We assessed video credibility through scientific accuracy using the DISCERN instrument, Global Quality Score (GQS), and Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool (PEMAT), ensuring consistency in quality and reliability evaluation among seven researchers via the intraclass correlation coefficient. These tools - DISCERN for assessing reliability and quality, GQS for evaluating overall quality, and PEMAT for understandability and actionability - facilitated a comprehensive evaluation framework. Our analysis, leveraging descriptive and inferential statistics, scrutinized differences in content quality between academic and private institutions, employing t-tests to identify statistically significant disparities. The study utilized Microsoft Excel (version 16.73, Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, Washington, United States) and IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, version 29.0 (released 2022; IBM Corp., Armonk, New York, United States). for robust data processing and analysis, confirming the educational value and trustworthiness of the examined YouTube content. Results Our study of 156 YouTube videos on educational content, split between academic (68 videos) and private sources (88 videos), revealed significant quality differences. Using the DISCERN, PEMAT, and GQSmetrics, academic videos consistently outperformed private ones, with significant margins: DISCERN (54.61 vs. 34.76), PEMAT (3.02 vs. 2.11), and GQS (3.90 vs. 2.02), supported by low p-values indicating a statistically significant superiority. These findings suggest that the source of content-academic versus private-plays a crucial role in determining the quality and reliability of educational materials on platforms like YouTube, highlighting the academic sector's commitment to higher educational standards. Conclusion The study emphasizes the critical role of credible sources in enhancing the quality of health education content on YouTube, particularly concerning CRC screening. The superiority of academic institutions in providing high-quality content suggests a need for viewers to critically assess the source of information. It also calls for enhanced regulatory oversight and measures to ensure the accuracy and reliability of health information online.

FEATURES OF TEACHING THE DISCIPLINES ETHICAL AND RELIGIOUS ORIENTATION

Issues related to the current state and peculiarities of teaching humanitarian disciplines of an ethical and religious orientation in the Ukrainian educational space are highlighted. The importance and practical significance of the ethical component in modern educational practices is substantiated. The set of problems that take place both in the organization of the teaching activity itself in disciplines of an ethical and religious nature, as well as promising ways and means of solving them, are analyzed. Special attention is paid to the analysis of the need for optimization and high-quality meaningful content of these disciplines in educational programs. The importance of finding new approaches and mechanisms for the introduction of the ethical and religious component into educational practices is emphasized as a fundamental factor in the formation of the worldview and spiritual orientations of young people.

Design and development of prime herder optimization based BiLSTM congestion predictor model in live video streaming

High-quality content for the user in video streaming services depends critically on the ability to predict the continuous user’s quality of experience (QoE). However, continuous QoE prediction has proven challenging due to the complexity imposed by the temporal dependencies in QoE data and the non-linear correlations among QoE impact elements. In this research congestion prediction model is developed using the prime herder optimization-based BiLSTM (PHO-based BiLSTM). The input database is first gathered from the NIMS and darpa99 week 1 database and, the data collection is analyzed and the packet information is extracted after that the extracted features are then fed into the optimized BiLSTM classifier to train the classifier. The classifier’s hyperparameters are successfully tuned by the recommended prime herder optimization, which is made by fusing the herding characteristics of a prime sheepdog and herder optimization. Based on the traffic congestion prediction achievements, at training percentage (TP) 90, the accuracy is 94.81%, specificity is 94.90%, and mean square error (MSE) is 4.91 respectively for D1, similarly based on D2 the accuracy is 95.62%, specificity is 95.96%, and MSE is 0.38 respectively.

What is Livestream Marketing, and How Did It Change the Market?

Since the Covid-19 pandemic, more industries are exponentially moving to the digital realm. Consequently, the marketing strategies of companies are also digitized, with live-streaming e-commerce being one of the most favored marketing structures, particularly in China. Throughout the live broadcast market, beauty, chat, dinner, games, and even all kinds of curiosity can become the main content of the live broadcast and be watched. Still, the e-commerce live broadcast is to sell goods for the purpose, unlike the entertainment live broadcast mode, it is commercial, and the e-commerce live broadcast content marketing is to improve the consumer stickiness through high-quality live broadcast content and interaction to increase consumer purchasing behavior. This paper will mostly discuss the changes in sales and the money put into marketing by a company affected by the appearance of live stream marketing through empirical studies and inferences from such.

Do orthopaedics surgeons have any idea what predatory journals are?:(cross-sectional study)

ObjectiveThe legitimacy of published research confronts a real challenge posed by predatory journals. These journals not only distribute inadequately written articles but also undermine the prospects of acknowledgment and citation for high-quality content. It is essential, nevertheless, to differentiate between predatory journals and reputable open-access ones. A worldwide anti-predatory movement seeks to enhance awareness about such journals. Hence, our objective was to assess the awareness, attitudes, and practices of Sudanese orthopedic surgeons concerning both predatory and open-access publishing. MethodsConducted between January and April 2023, this cross-sectional electronic survey involved Sudanese orthopedic surgeons. The survey, comprising five domains to gauge knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to predatory and open-access publishing, was shared via the Sudanese Orthopedic Surgeons Association email distribution list among the 561 registered surgeons. The targeted sample size was 286. Categorical variables were reported using frequencies, while continuous variables were presented as medians and interquartile ranges. Nonparametric tests and ordinal regression were employed for inferential statistics. ResultsOf the 561 surgeons, 104 participants completed the questionnaire, resulting in a response rate of 18.5 %. Approximately 49% exhibited poor knowledge, with 56% unfamiliar with the term "predatory journals," and 74% unaware of Beall's list. Overall attitudes toward publication in open-access and predatory journals were neutral for 60% of participants, and only 26% demonstrated good overall publication practices. Higher knowledge scores positively correlated with attitude and practice scores. Ordinal regression analysis identified variables such as employment in university hospitals, higher academic rank, publication experience, and working in well-resourced countries as factors increasing the likelihood of higher knowledge, attitude, and practice scores. ConclusionThe majority of the study participants reported very low knowledge of predatory journals and their possible detrimental consequences on the integrity and quality of scientific publications. Therefore, educational efforts on the negative impact of predatory publication practices in orthopedics are needed.

Qualitative Study on Internet Use and Care Impact for Black Men With Prostate Cancer.

Black men have a greater risk of prostate cancer as well as worse quality of life and more decisional regret after prostate cancer treatment compared to non-Hispanic White men. Furthermore, patients with prostate cancer who primarily obtain information on the internet have significantly more decisional regret compared to other information sources. Our objective was to explore the perspectives of Black patients on the use and impact of the internet for their prostate cancer care. In 2022-2023, we conducted seven virtual focus groups with Black patients with prostate cancer (n = 22). Transcripts were independently analyzed by two experienced researchers using a constant comparative method. Online sources were commonly used by participants throughout their cancer journey, although informational needs varied over time. Patient factors affected use (e.g., physical health and experience with the internet), and family members played an active role in online information-seeking. The internet was used before and after visits to the doctor. Key topics that participants searched for online included nutrition and lifestyle, treatment options, and prostate cancer in Black men. Men reported many downstream benefits with internet use including feeling more empowered in decision-making, reducing anxiety about treatment and providing greater accountability for research. However, they also reported negative impacts such as feeling overwhelmed or discouraged sorting through the information to identify high-quality content that is personally relevant, as well as increased anxiety or loss of sleep from overuse. In summary, online sources have the potential to positively impact the cancer journey by reinforcing or supplementing information from health care providers, but can be harmful if the information is poor quality, not representative, or the internet is overused.

Strategi TVRI Medan dalam Meningkatkan Kualitas Siaran di Era 4.0

This research examines TVRI Medan's strategies for improving broadcast quality in the era of 4.0 using qualitative descriptive qualitative research methods, data collection techniques such as observation and interviews. The results show that TVRI Medan's strategies for enhancing broadcast quality in the 4.0 Era involve the use of the latest technology, development of digital platforms, collaboration with educational institutions and local creative agencies, and more active interaction with the audience. TVRI Medan's success in improving broadcast quality is attributed in part to the availability of adequate broadcasting technology support. This significantly influences the quality of broadcast programs, as the general public tends to prefer media with high-quality content. TVRI continues to enhance quality to adapt to changing media trends, improve the appeal and quality of broadcasts, and develop innovative content.

METHODS, DATA AND TOOLS FOR FACILITATING A 3D CULTURAL HERITAGE SPACE

Abstract. In recent years, the cultural heritage (CH) sector has experienced a rapid evolution due to the introduction of increasingly powerful digital technologies and ICT (Information and Communication Technologies) solutions. As for many other domains, digital data, Artificial Intelligence (AI), and Extended Reality (XR) are opening up extraordinary opportunities for expanding heritage knowledge capabilities while boosting the research on innovative solutions for its valorisation and preservation. Being aware of the fundamental and strategic role of CH in the history and identity of the European countries, the European Commission has assumed a central role in fuelling the policy debate and putting together stakeholders to take a step forward in CH digitization and use, primarily through initiatives, programs, and recommendations. Within this framework, the ongoing European 5DCulture project (https://www.5dculture.eu/) has been funded to enrich the offer of 3D CH digital assets in the common European Data Space for Cultural Heritage by creating high-quality 3D contents and to foster their re-use in several sectors, from tourism to education. Through 8 re-use scenarios around historic buildings and cityscapes, archaeology, and fashion, the project aims to deliver a set of digital tools and increase the capacity of CH institutions to more effectively re-use their 3D digital assets.

DEVELOPING ENHANCED AND ENRICHED 3D MODELS OF CULTURAL HERITAGE ASSETS AS PART OF THE EU CO-FUNDED 5DCULTURE PROJECT

Abstract. 5Dculture is a 24-month collaborative project co-funded by the European Union. It includes twelve partners from diverse sectors of cultural heritage, including archaeology, museums and fashion. It aims to enrich the offer of European 3D digital cultural heritage assets in the data space and fosters their reuse in important domains such as education, tourism and the wider cultural and creative sectors towards socially and economically sustainable outcomes. In particular, the project will deliver high-quality 3D content by identifying and engaging existing datasets from partners’ collections focusing on topics of fashion, archaeology and architecture, all of which occupy a central place in the vast cultural heritage of Europe. It will also develop several reuse scenarios, which will experiment with the aforementioned assets in their complexity (from high-quality to derivatives).The Discovery Programme has a long research interest in 3D digital documentation and has participated in collaborative projects in the past, notably 3D-ICONS. However, opportunities and challenges in the reuse of 3D archaeological content exist, including the reuse of 3D content to enhance visitors experience at archaeological sites and the ability to exploit 3D surrogates for different sectors (tourism, education, gaming, the arts, conservation and heritage management).This paper will present the research that has been undertaken in this context, through the development of an enhanced processing pipeline to improve the quality of 3D models of cultural heritage assets, resulting in their improved re-use. It will present the approaches to improving model geometry, generating and applying enhanced textures, creating rich and functional metadata and strategies for persistence and archiving.A core component of our research has been the development of the processing pipeline to improve 3D model appearance through the application of parametric materials in the development of synthetic textures which artificially enhance the visualising of cultural heritage objects. Through the visual enhancements of 3D content improvements to the interpretation and aesthetic appearance of monuments and artefacts can be achieved, adding value to the original surveyed data. The paper will detail the processing pipeline, working from prime survey data in survey specific software, through 3D modelling techniques, and finally visualising and presentation approaches which enable increased accessibility and usability.The paper will conclude with a discussion of deliverables, particularly in the context of value to conservation. The Discovery Programme works together with many of the state agencies in Ireland on heritage and conservation projects, and it is the delivery of enhanced but practical outputs that their archaeologists and architects require. These include the Office of Public Works, National Monuments Service & the Heritage Council.

Is the Electroconvulsive Therapy Video on YouTube Supportive Information for Patients and Their Primary Caregivers?

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a significant contemporary medical treatment modality for various mental disorders that have not responded to other treatments. YouTube is a valuable place to get health-related educational content that can have a big impact on patients' and their primary caregivers' behaviors and decisions. The aim of the study is to analyze the content of YouTube videos related to ECT to investigate the quality and reliability of videos as supportive information for patients and their primary caregivers. A total of 250 videos related to ECT that are available on YouTube were analyzed. The Global Quality Scale and the modified DISCERN tool were used to assess the quality and reliability of the videos. Details of the content of the video, caregiver appearance, methods of information presentation, source of the video, and video parameters were analyzed as well. The analysis revealed that the median total score of Global Quality Scale was 3 (interquartile range, 2; min-max, 1-5), which means the video quality was medium. The median total score of the modified DISCERN tool was 3 (interquartile range, 1; min-max, 0-5), which means the videos were highly reliable. Most of the video sources in the included videos were educational (41.2%, n = 103) from formal caregivers, and there was no significant difference between Global Quality Scale scores, video parameters, and modified DISCERN scores. YouTube is considered a supportive source of information related to ECT but needs more encouragement from formal caregivers to disseminate high-quality and reliable healthcare content on YouTube platforms to ensure access to accurate information.

Tinkercad Circuits Platform-Based Learning Experiences of Gifted Students in the Emergency Distance Education Process

An issue arising in emergency distance education procedures, such as the response to the COVID-19 pandemic, is a lack of appropriate high-quality content and course activities for high ability students suitable for distance education. In this study, online CAD-based learning experiences structured with the Tinkercad Circuits Platform designed for gifted students were investigated based on the opinions of students regarding the distance education activity and the evaluations of the students’ scientific writing skills. This study used a single case holistic design with 10 gifted 6th-grade students at Usak Science and Art Center in Türkiye. All of the students stated that they had not previously encountered an activity such as the “smart air conditioning system”. The students also stated that although the activity was carried out in the form of distance education, it was positive and fun to be application-based, and that it was fun to research, discuss, design, and code with Tinkercad to look for a solution to the given problem. The evaluation of students’ products showed participants’ high level of proficiency in activities requiring advanced problem-solving skills, including planning the solution to the problem, creating an alternative plan for the solution, realizing, and evaluating the design.

Pemanfaatan Media Sosial Instagram Dalam Membangun Brand Image Pada Klub Internal Persebaya Amatir

This research provides in-depth insight into optimizing the use of Instagram as an effective branding tool, with an emphasis on high-quality visual content to maintain brand consistency that is able to stimulate more active consumer interaction. As a football club, Persebaya Amateur feels the need to expand its reach and interaction with its audience, especially through social media as the main communication channel. The main focus of this research is on the Instagram platform, which is the main media used by the club. To obtain accurate data and information, careful research methods are used. The findings from this research can provide a deeper insight into the club, especially within the internal scope of Persebaya Amateur, to understand consumer behavior on social media and design branding strategies that are more targeted. This strategy involves consistent branding activities, focuses on the club's identity values, and can increase audience interaction and engagement. Practically, the results of this research can guide amateur football clubs and similar organizations in designing more effective branding strategies through social media, with the aim of increasing audience interaction and involvement, as well as strengthening the club's identity and image.

(021) ChatGPT's Ability to Assess Quality and Readability of Online Medical Information

Abstract Introduction Health literacy plays a crucial role in enabling patients to understand and effectively use medical information. As technology rapidly advances, the significance of health literacy becomes even more pronounced, particularly in comprehending complex medical information. Artificial Intelligence (AI) platforms have garnered significant attention for their remarkable ability to generate automated responses to a wide range of prompts. However, their capacity to assess the quality and readability of provided text remains uncertain. Given the growing prominence of AI web assistant tools, we hypothesized that integrating these tools into patients' web searches could enhance the retrieval of accurate medical information. Objective To evaluate the proficiency of Conversational Generative Pre-Trained Transformer (ChatGPT) in assessing readability, and utilizing the DISCERN tool to assess quality of online content regarding shock wave therapy for erectile dysfunction. Methods Websites were generated using a Google search of “shock wave therapy for erectile dysfunction” with location filters disabled. Readability was analyzed using the Readable software (Readable.com, Horsham, United Kingdom). Quality was assessed independently by three reviewers using the DISCERN tool. The same plain text files collected were inputted into ChatGPT to determine whether it produced comparable metrics for readability and quality. Results The study results revealed a notable disparity between ChatGPT's readability assessment and that obtained from a reliable tool, Readable.com (p<0.05). This indicates a lack of alignment between ChatGPT's algorithm and that of established tools, such as Readable.com. Similarly, the DISCERN score generated by ChatGPT differed significantly from the scores generated manually by human evaluators (p<0.05), suggesting that ChatGPT may not be capable of accurately identifying poor-quality information sources regarding shock wave therapy as a treatment for erectile dysfunction. Conclusions ChatGPT’s evaluation of the quality and readability of online text regarding shockwave therapy for erectile dysfunction differs from that of human raters and trusted tools. ChatGPT's current capabilities were not sufficient for reliably assessing the quality and readability of textual content. Further research is needed to elucidate the role of AI in the objective evaluation of online medical content in other fields. Continued development in AI and incorporation of tools such as DISCERN into AI software may enhance the way patients navigate the web in search of high-quality medical content in the future. Disclosure No.

(320) Erectile Dysfunction and Men’s Health Websites: How diverse is our Racial, Ethnic, and Sexual Orientation Representation?

Abstract Introduction Images featured in patient educational materials can enhance comprehension of medical conditions, particularly those associated with sensitive issues like erectile dysfunction (ED). Past research indicates that minority men are often underrepresented in online urological content and thus may not relate to the material. Objective The present study aims to evaluate the representation of racial, ethnic, and sexual orientation diversity in ED and men’s health content on reputable urology program websites. Methods Websites of the top urology departments from U.S. News & World Reports 2022 rankings were reviewed as sources of high quality content. All subpages were reviewed to identify ED and men’s health sites with extraction of photo and video imagery depicting human subjects. A three-person review team interpreted race, ethnicity, and sexual orientation categorically. Race was also interpreted using a numeric scale, Fitzpatrick skin rating, and median ratings classified as white (1-3) or non-white (4-6). Consensus ratings were summarized descriptively. Spearman’s rank correlation was used to measure inter-rater reliability of Fitzpatrick ratings and MedCalc’s z-test used to compare diversity proportions to national rates from census data. Results The top 50 ranked urology program websites were reviewed. Seven programs did not have any patient-facing ED or men’s health web pages. Nearly half of programs with sites did not contain any human images (n=19/43, 44%). A total of 113 images were collected and reviewed. Race in the 102 (90.3%) interpretable images included 6 (5.9%) Asian, 16 (15.7%) black, 75 (73.5%) white, and 5 (4.9%) other men. Latino men were represented in 3/70 (4.3%) images. Utilizing Fitzpatrick ratings, 94 (83.2%) subjects were classified as white and 19 (16.8%) non-white. Most images [67 (59.3%)] demonstrated a man without a partner which precluded sexual orientation evaluation. Of those pictured with a partner, 25 (92.6%) were interpreted as heterosexual and 2 (7.4%) as same sex. Between reviewer correlation coefficients for Fitzpatrick ratings ranged from 0.66-0.69. Table 1 compares interpreted image data to population benchmarks from United States census data. Conclusions Limited imagery on academic urology ED websites continues to underrepresent some groups, namely Latinos. Although men in same sex relationships were depicted, the absolute number of such images was low. Conscious effort to improve diversity in online men’s health, and namely ED, content is needed. Disclosure No.

YOUTUBE AND INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE, A 10-YEAR UPDATE

Abstract INTRODUCTION As the prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) continues to rise, patients are turning to social media, notably YouTube®, for IBD information. This content has transformed since Mukewar et. al’s 2013 analysis of the top YouTube® videos about IBD. Furthermore, patient-desired information is now better understood, including 1) IBD treatment pros and cons, 2) self-advocacy, 3) IBD health tips, 4) IBD coping strategies, and 5) education on patient experiences. We analyzed YouTube® IBD videos to assess their informational quality and ability to address patient-desired attributes. METHODS Using the query “inflammatory bowel disease OR IBD,” we reviewed the top 50 English YouTube® IBD videos under 20 minutes. We gathered video metadata and assessed informational quality using the Patient Educational Video Score for Inflammatory Bowel Disease (PEVIS-IBD score) designed by Mukewar et al. with disease and treatment advancement updates. Possible scores ranged from 0 to 28. Patient-desired attribute count was noted per video. One-way ANOVA was done to test statistical significance. RESULTS 49/50 videos remain accessible. 35% focus on Crohn’s Disease, 30% on Ulcerative Colitis, and 35% on both. Most videos were MD/RN education (17, 35%), patient stories (14, 29%), and hospital/physician-produced IBD explainers (11, 22%). Only 18 (37%) had YouTube® Health Source Accreditation. MD/RN education videos ranked highest on PEVIS-IBD (13.47). Patient stories ranked lowest (7.57). 24/49 discussed at least one patient-desired attribute, with half of these covering three or more. MD/RN education videos did not address any attributes. Figure 1 shows detailed information about each category of video. DISCUSSION Our study shows a shift in IBD YouTube videos, with ⅓ of the top 50 videos being MD/RN education, a previously undescribed segment. Despite high PEVIS-IBD scores reflecting high-quality factual content, all of these videos lack patient-desired attributes, signaling a need for research to ascertain their value to patients. Of the patient-centric videos (32, excluding MD/RN education), 75% discussed at least one desired attribute, with half discussing 3 or more. Patient story videos had the highest attribute count, but low PEVIS-IBD scores, highlighting an opportunity for videos that simultaneously feature patient stories and facts about IBD. Only 37% of videos had YouTube® Health Source Accreditation, with videos from reputable organizations like the Crohn's and Colitis Foundation lacking this tag. Medical societies should be aware of this feature and ensure their channels are properly accredited. Figure 1 Analysis of key video metadata by category. Reference Mukewar S, et al. YouTube and inflammatory bowel disease. J Crohns Colitis. 2013;7(5):392-402.

A differential game model for sponsored content

We consider a communication platform distinguished for its high-quality content, where advertising can take two different forms: traditional and sponsored (also known as native advertising in the marketing literature). Native advertising is a widely used marketing tool that aims to mimic the regular topics of the platform on which it is placed. Due to this striking resemblance, native advertising may be very effective, but at the same time, it may negatively influence the perceived credibility of the media outlet. In our model, a firm allocates investments to both traditional and native advertising on such a platform. Meanwhile, the media outlet must grapple with the trade-off between the profit accrued from publishing native advertising and the ensuing decline in credibility. We formalise this problem as a hierarchical infinite-time horizon linear state differential game, played à la Stackelberg, where the media outlet acts as the leader while the firm is the follower. Finally, we characterise a time-consistent open-loop equilibrium and obtain the conditions that make it optimal for the media outlet to accept native advertising.