Artificial Radiocaesium (137Cs) has been widely deposited over global soils. In this study, we measured 137Cs activity concentrations in the soil samples taken from Jing-Jin-Ji Region, North China, during 2007–2008. The surface soil (0–20cm) samples were collected from 452 sites in this region. The activity concentration of 137Cs in the samples was measured using a GEM series HPGe (high-purity germanium) coaxial detector system (ADCOM-100). The main findings are as following. (1) The activity concentration of 137Cs in surface soils in the region of study fluctuates within 0.3±0.1 to 12.9±0.4Bq/kg with mean value of 3.7Bq/kg. Compared to other regions located at roughly the same latitude, the 137Cs activity is relatively low. The results indicate that there are no new inputs of the radionuclides into the area at that time and the data obtained could serve as baseline levels of 137Cs in Jing-Jin-Ji Region. (2) Considering land use types, surface soil in woodland mostly shows high 137Cs activities with rare natural erosion and anthropogenic activities, and the surface soil with relatively low 137Cs activities appears in the areas of intensive anthropogenic activities, especially in the cities, river banks, reservoirs and the strongly eroded areas. The findings suggest that the varying distribution of 137Cs activities in surface soil corresponds with land use types.