High-pressure Hose Research Articles

Statistical Process Control for Monitoring Nonlinear Profiles: A Six Sigma Project on Curing Process

ABSTRACT Curing duration and target temperature are the most critical process parameters for high-pressure hose products. The air temperature collected in the curing chamber is represented in the form of a profile. A proper statistical process control (SPC) implementation needs to consider both numeric as well as profile quality characteristics. This article describes a successful Six Sigma project in the context of statistical engineering for integrating SPC, a statistical method, to the existing practice of engineering process control (EPC) according to science. A case study on a real production curing process is thoroughly investigated. It is shown that the new findings could potentially result in significant energy savings. The solutions provided in this study can be generalized into other curing processes and applications subjected to both EPC and SPC.

Research on High-Pressure Hose Knitting Machine Knowledge Modeling Based on Ontology

In view of knowledge management problems for the manufacturing industries , this paper presents an approach of knowledge organization and management based on ontology. Knowledge model of high-pressure hose knitting machine is completed by the use of ontology modularization technology and ontology integration technology.It achieves a greater range of knowledge sharing and reusing ,provides a technical support for the enterprise to speed up product design , and has a certain significance on knowledge accumulations and innovations of manufacturers.

Research on Constitutive Equation for Steel Wire Wound Reinforced High-Pressure Hose

According to the features of reinforced layer of steel wire wound reinforced high-pressure hose (hereinafter referred to as SRH), 9 classical models for predicting the engineering elastic modulus of reinforced layer of continuous filament reinforced composite material were contrastively analyzed. As a result, Chinese engineering empirical formula should be conformable for predicting the engineering elastic constants of SRH reinforced layer in material normal coordinates. Based on composite microscopic theory and tensor theory, constitutive equation of SRH reinforced layer in structural cylindrical coordinates in three-dimensional case was obtained.

Research on Constitutive Equation for Steel Wire Wound Reinforced High-Pressure Hose

According to the features of reinforced layer of steel wire wound reinforced high-pressure hose (hereinafter referred to as SRH), 9 classical models for predicting the engineering elastic modulus of reinforced layer of continuous filament reinforced composite material were contrastively analyzed. As a result, Chinese engineering empirical formula should be conformable for predicting the engineering elastic constants of SRH reinforced layer in material normal coordinates. Based on composite microscopic theory and tensor theory, constitutive equation of SRH reinforced layer in structural cylindrical coordinates in three-dimensional case was obtained.

An experimental study and finite element analysis for finding leakage path in high pressure hose assembly

High pressure power steering hoses used to steer vehicles supply hydraulic power generated by a hydraulic pump driven by engine. The life of high pressure hoses is affected by vibration and heat coming from the engine. The failure of high pressure power steering hoses is caused by leakage which occurs from fittings. This can be verified by analysis and observation through cutting the hose assembly to check leakage path. Through the completion of an experimental study, it was found that leakage [main failure mode] was the result of sharp corners of the sleeve damaging the outer rubber layer through constant movement. Although, the essential reason for leakage is the hardening of the rubber after a long period of use. The leakage phenomenon referred to above was verified by the reappearance of fluorescent material coming from the space between the nipple and the inner rubber—and the space between the reinforced material and the outer rubber. The goals of this study are the analysis of stress and strain distribution during the swaging process. Additional goals include determining where the stress concentration occurs, and proposing improvement points which include the shapes of the sleeve and nipple of the high pressure hose assembly as determined by finite element method.

Mass screening and treatment for malaria among gold miners in Suriname

Background: The activities and habits of small to medium scale gold miners -and their interaction with both the environment and the local population- are recognized as one of the main determinants of the current occurrence and dispersion of malaria in the Amazon Region. Gold miners are the group with highest risk for malaria in the region. Their exploration techniques are based on damming creeks and rivers, to provide water that is used in high pressure hoses, to dig for gold. This practice, multiplies the potential breeding sites of the main vectors in the region. We assessed the malaria prevalence in gold mining areas in Suriname. Methods: Mass screening and treatment for malaria was conducted in 4 main gold mining areas in Suriname. A standardized national malaria form was used to collect the information. Malaria blood films were stained with 4% Giemsa and read using microscopy (1000X). 100 microscopic thick film fields were inspected before a slide was being declared malaria negative. For positive-malaria smears, parasite species were identified and treatment was given following the national malaria protocol. Results: Between June and October, 2009, there were 2543 people screened for malaria in 4 main gold mining areas in Suriname. These 4 areas had 261 gold mining camps (Victoria:26; Benzdorp:88; Sellacreek:79; Maku:68). Sixty-six percent of the people seen were Brazilian. Malaria infections were reported among 85 people with an overall prevalence of 3%. There were 42, 40 and 3 cases of Plasmodium falciparum, P. vivax and P. malariae, respectively. Parasite specific prevalence ranged from 1-4%(Pf), 1-3%(Pv) and <1%(Pm). All malaria cases were uncomplicated infections and treated. No cases were detected among pregnant women. Conclusion: Despite a steep decline of malaria morbidity in Suriname (∼95% reduction), “hot spots” still exist. From the 4 gold mining areas evaluated, Sellacreek was the only malariafree region. Gold mining activities implies population movements and transmission of malaria which make diagnosis and treatment, a critical gap for the sustainability of the impact obtained in other areas. A strategy to increase access to adequate diagnosis and treatment for malaria -training locals and serving their populations- in gold mining areas is ongoing. Abstracts for SupplementInternational Journal of Infectious DiseasesVol. 14Preview Full-Text PDF Open Archive

충격 압력을 받는 파워스티어링 시스템의 고압호스 수명 예측

유압호스는 적용되는 압력에 따라서 저압, 중압, 고압으로 구분되어진다. 승용차의 파워스티어링 시스템은 저압부와 고압부 시스템으로 구분되어질 수 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 차량이 회전할 때 발생되는 충격압력이 고압호스부에 적용될 때 수명을 예측하는 것이다. 내부와 외부 조건을 조절하기 위해서 충격 압력과 작동유의 온도는 충격압력 시스템에서 제어되는 것이 필요하다. 충격압력 시험에서 압력과 작동유 온도만을 조절하여 얻은 결과는 고압호스의 수명을 예측하기 위한 조절형 가속수명시험을 적용하였으며, 또한 유한요소법으로 스웨이징부를 해석하였다.

Theoretical and experimental study of the pulling force of jet bits in radial drilling technology

Radial drilling technology, of which the jet bit is the key device, is a research focus in the field of oil drilling and production. This paper establishes mechanical equations for jet bits and analyzes the hydroseal of backward jets in bottom holes. Meanwhile this paper establishes a mechanical equation for a high pressure hose and analyzes the axial force distribution. Laboratory experiments indicate that the flow rate, the angle between the backward nozzle axis and the jet bit axis, and the hole diameter are the major influencing factors; the generation of the pulling force is mainly due to the inlet pressure of the jet bit; the backward jets can significantly increase not only the pulling force but also the stability of jet bits. The pulling force would reach 8,376 N under experimental conditions, which can steadily pull the high-pressure hose forward.

Contamination profiles of Escherichia coli and enterococci in steamed chicken meat products.

This study determined the sources of contamination by Escherichia coli and enterococci in frozen ready-to-eat chicken products. The efficiency of the heat treatment process was sufficient to eliminate E. coli or enterococci. However, the prevalence of E. coli and enterococci in cooked chicken after chilling was 2.7%, and after slicing and dicing it was 1.3 and 9.3%, respectively. These results indicated that contamination occurred after cooking. In the finished product, E. coli was absent, while enterococcus prevalence was reduced to 1.3%. The environment at each production step, such as the machine surfaces, workers' gloves, and the condensate, was sampled to determine the correlation with the contamination in products. E. coli and enterococci were found on the machine surfaces in all production steps, but E. coli contamination was mostly from the infeed transfer belt at the chilling step, while the enterococcus contamination arose mostly from the slicing or dicing steps, especially from the dicing machine belt, which directly contacts the products. Indeed, E. coli and enterococci were detected on food contact surfaces throughout the production period, including prior to its commencement. These results indicated that the cleaning before and during the production process was ineffective. In addition, cleaning and sanitizing food contact surfaces followed by nonfood contact surfaces (floor and drains) by use of a high-pressure water hose created aerosol with microbes from the floors and drains and spread such microbes onto already cleaned food contact surfaces.

Characterization of the Steel Tire Cord - Rubber Interface

Abstract Brass-coated steel cords are extensively used as reinforcement material in radial tires, high-pressure hydraulic hoses and heavy duty conveyor belts. Bonding between rubber and steel cord is obtained via the formation of an adhesion interface layer during the curing process. The adhesion build-up mechanism involves the chemical reaction of sulfurating species contained in the rubber skim compound and copper of the brass coating, forming a CuxS layer at the rubber-brass interface. Advances in mechanistic investigations are presented, using analytical techniques such as X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and optical microscopy (OM). XPS and AES provide chemical in-depth information, whereas OM and AFM highlight the morphology of the resulting interfacial layers. These investigations improve the understanding of the adhesion mechanism, both for adhesion buildup and for bond degradation.

A multimeasure-based methodology for the ergonomic effective design of manufacturing system workstations

The paper proposes a multimeasure-based methodology that can be used by production engineers for the ergonomic effective design of workstations within industrial environments. In particular the authors achieve the effective ergonomic design of the workstations belonging to a real industrial plant by using an approach based on multiple design parameters, Design of Experiments (DOE) and multiple performance measures. The industrial plant being considered is made up by 8 different workstations, 14 workers and it manufactures high-pressure hydraulic hoses. The design methodology aims at considering both the interaction of the operators with their working environment and the work methods. To this end, the workstations' actual configurations are compared with several alternative scenarios by using a well-planned experimental design. As support tool for applying the design methodology the authors use Modeling & Simulation (M&S) and a virtual three-dimensional environment for recreating, with satisfactory accuracy, the evolution over the time of the real industrial plant. Relevance to industry The authors propose a methodology for the effective ergonomic design of workstations within industrial plants. The methodology based on multiple design parameters and multiple performance measures supports the design and the evaluation of workstations in terms of both ergonomics and work methods.

Some recollections about kuru in a patient at Rabaul in 1978, and subsequent experiences with prion diseases

I first heard about kuru when I was undertaking the six-month full-time Diploma in Tropical Medicine and Hygiene (DTM&H) course at Edinburgh University in 1970–1971. The Head of the Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, the eminent Dr Frederick J. Wright, had visited Papua New Guinea and

Effects of operating conditions of high pressure washing on the removal of biofilms from stainless steel surfaces

Hosing with water is the most common approach to cleaning in the food industry. Measurements of the removal of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm from stainless steel using a high pressure hose showed that, over the range of pressures tested, impact pressure does not significantly affect microbial removal. Nozzle pressures of 2.5 × 10 6 and 9.5 × 10 6 Pa were used, and the distance between the nozzle and target surface was between 20 and 120 cm. When using cold water, microbial removal increased ( p < 0.001) from 2.9- to 4.1- to 4.9-log 10 as the time exposed to the water spray increased from 5 to 30 to 60 s. With hot water, microbial removal was 4.9-, 5.1-, and 5.2-log 10 when using the same exposure times. The use of detergent followed by spraying with water increased ( p < 0.001) the removal of organisms to 5.6-log 10.

Lessons in Morality and Mortality

Lessons in Morality and Mortality

Combined photosynthesis and mechanical aeration for nitrification in dairy waste stabilisation ponds

New Zealand has 16,500 dairy farms (avg. 220 cows), with cows kept on pasture throughout the year. During the 9-month dairy season, the cows are milked twice a day (averaging 2.5-3 h per day in the dairy parlour). Urine and faecal wastes deposited in the dairy parlour are washed away with high pressure hoses, using large volumes of water. A common method of treatment is in simple two-pond (anaerobic/facultative) lagoon systems, which remove about 95% of suspended solids and BOD5, but only 75% of total-N prior to discharge. High concentrations of ammoniacal-N in the effluent can cause toxicity to aquatic organisms in receiving waters. Mechanical aeration of the second (facultative) lagoon to promote nitrification improves effluent quality by reducing oxygen demand and potential ammonia toxicity to streamlife. Mechanical aeration however is associated with considerable mixing, which may prevent algae from optimising photosynthesis in the facultative lagoon. A series of experiments was undertaken which tested the efficiency of mechanical aeration and then attempted to combine it with daytime algal oxygen production in order to maximise ammonia conversion to nitrate, while minimising costs to the farmer. An experimental facility was developed by dividing a large facultative lagoon into two, producing a matched pair of lagoons, operated in parallel with influent flow split equally. Over successive dairy seasons, various aeration regimes were compared. Continuous aeration promoted nearly complete nitrification of the ammoniacal-N (99% removal), and effluent BOD was approximately halved. However the continuous mixing reduced algal biomass, and thus daytime algal photosynthesis. Night-only aeration permitted greater algal photosynthesis to occur, as well as halving electrical power consumption. Ammoniacal-N removal reduced to 90% (10 g m(-3) remaining in the effluent), while BOD removal was also lower than in the continuously aerated lagoon (59 and 69% respectively). Providing a series of biofilm attachment surfaces for nitrifying bacteria by suspending geotextile material close to the surface in the pond in consistently aerobic water resulted in improved ammoniacal-N removal efficiency (93%) with night aeration, but still lower removal than continuous aeration.

High Pressure Hose May Separate

High Pressure Hose May Separate

유압식 자동차 동력조향장치 고압호스가 실내소음에로 미치는 영향의 주파수 분석을 통한 연구

High pressure hose having tuning cables, called Resonator hose is frequently used to attenuate pressure ripple generated by the pump for reducing the vehicle interior noise. A number of studios have been conducted on the resonator hose and its analytical models. However, there are few studies which deal with the influence of resonator hose on vehicle interior noise because the most of studies were focused on transmission loss of the resonator hose. This paper presents NVH test results of power steering system and frequency analysis results. In the frequency analysis, both the relations between vibration, pressure ripple and vehicle interior noise and also the design parameters of high pressure hose influencing on vehicle Interior noise were discussed. The test was done for various high pressure hose specimens in full turn condition.

Bredel Hose Pumps invests in advanced grinding machinery

Specialist pump manufacturer Bredel Hose Pumps BV designed the high-pressure hose pump in 1973, and since then has successfully completed more than 65 000 installations in industries as diverse as chemical processing, food processing, brewing, paper manufacturing, mining, and waste and water treatment. The company recently invested ▪2.2 million in custom-built automatic grinding equipment. In this article from the Netherlands, Tiemen Postma, Development Engineer Rubber & Hose Technology, explains the importance of the grinding process for the reliable operation and longevity of Bredel's hose pumps.

A process for the manufacture of cold, clean, dry air at temperatures down to 173 K and its application in the forced cooling of high-pressure rubber hose prior to wire braiding

This paper describes a new technique for freezing braided wire rubber hose with cold air produced by refrigeration using an air turbine. This work details the whole refrigeration system and the procedure, highlights the characteristics of the refrigeration cycle and the design of the freezing chamber and also discusses the present situation of the technique in a wide range of applications. It has been proved in the production practice of the rubber hose that this new technique is a pioneering and effective achievement with low production costs.

Stresses and Strains in High-Pressure Composite Hoses

A simple mechanical model for a high-pressure hose made of ethylene-propylene rubber reinforced with two helical steel wires and a layer of fabric is analyzed. The model assumes perfect bonding between the different constituents and the torsional effect due to the right-handed helical wires is neglected. Both linear and nonlinear stress-strain relations are considered for the rubber which is assumed to be incompressible. Stresses and strains of the constituents are obtained for different internal pressures and geometrical parameters.