High-pressure Hose Research Articles

Numerical Simulation and Flow Field Analysis of Porous Water Jet Nozzle Based on Fluent

The water jet nozzle is a penetrating drilling tool, which sends the pumped water to the nozzle through a high-pressure hose. It can work in a variety of working environments. When it dredges the blockage in the pipeline, its structural parameters will affect the jet flow field in the pipeline. Taking the self-propelled water jet nozzle as the research object, SolidWorks was used to establish the nozzle model with different parameter structures. Based on Fluent, the k-ε turbulence model was used to simulate the jet of nozzles with different nozzle sizes and arrangements in the pipeline. The distribution of the jet flow field and the change in velocity and displacement of nozzles with different parameters in the pipeline were compared, and then computational fluid dynamics (CFD) were used to process the simulation data for further research. The results show that when the inclination angle of the rear nozzle is 35°, the attenuation of the front jet velocity and the fluctuation of the wall fluid velocity are the smallest. When the nozzle aperture is increased from 2 mm to 3.5 mm, the vortex area inside the pipe is reduced, and the velocity attenuation of the front jet is also reduced, with the velocity attenuation rate decreasing by about 10%. This study provides a reference for the design and parameter optimization of self-propelled water jet nozzles.

Trajectory design based on frictional resistance of deflector in a hydraulic radial drilling system

The trajectory design is a key factor affecting the frictional resistance of the deflector, which is crucial for the drilling ability of the hydraulic radial drilling system. In this research, the trajectory design model and geometric constraints model of a deflector are established by analyzing the geometric relationship of the deflector and considering the geometric constraints of the casing. According to the actual contact form between the high-pressure hose and the deflector, the theoretical model of frictional resistance is built based on segmental rigidization and micro-element methods. The theoretical model is verified by the deflector friction experiment. The results demonstrate a good agreement between the experimental results of friction resistance of different sizes of high-pressure hoses and the theoretical results, with an error of less than 7%. The influence of critical parameters of deflector trajectory on the friction resistance is studied by coupling the geometric constraints model and the frictional resistance theoretical model of the deflector. The findings show that the deflector’s frictional resistance increases with the inclination angle β of the inclined-straight section and decreases with the increase in the radius R of the bending segment, the inclination angle ω of the straightening segment, and the channel radius of r deflector. A new trajectory parameters of the deflector are presented by taking a five-inch casing as an example, they are β = 9°, R = 92 mm, ω = 108°, r = 17 mm. The research results provide a theoretical rationale for designing a low-frictional resistance deflector.

Определение прочностных характеристик полимерного ремонтного бандажа для рукавов высокого давления

A comparative analysis of the strength characteristics of high-pressure hoses without damage and with a restored defect in the form of a through cut was carried out. To repair damages of high-pressure hoses, it is proposed to use bandages made of polymer composite materials based on a carbon filament and an epoxy binder. It is shown that the use of high-pressure hoses in hydraulic lines of road construction machines, restored using a polymer bandage, allows one to maintain the operational characteristics of this rubber-technical element.

Research and application of a flexible measuring array for deep displacement of landslides

Abstract. The multidimensional and multi-sliding surface measurement of deep-seated displacement on landslides poses a significant technical challenge in landslide monitoring and early warning. The fixed-borehole inclinometer serves as an important measurement method based on drilling for this purpose. In this study, a novel flexible measurement array for deep-seated landslide displacement and its installation and measurement processes were developed, enabling higher accuracy in full-hole multidimensional deformation measurement. The measurement array consists of individual measurement probes as basic units, connected in series through coaxial cables and high-pressure rubber hoses, forming a flexible measurement array. Each probe is equipped with acceleration and magnetic field sensors, allowing for the measurement of borehole inclination and azimuth angles and providing a more comprehensive understanding of the deformation of deep-seated landslides. This flexible measurement array resolves the limitations of traditional fixed inclinometers, such as limited probe quantity or inaccurate installation positions that fail to reflect the deformation trend of the landslide body. Moreover, it eliminates the need for auxiliary installation accessories like pulleys and inclinometer pipes, simplifying the mechanical structure and installation process, which represents an advancement in methodology and an improvement in measurement techniques. This array provides a more comprehensive and improved monitoring tool for disaster prevention and mitigation, thereby enhancing the level of geological hazard monitoring and early warning technology.

Impact of Synthetic Textiles Emission in Sports Car Furnishing -An Overview

A sports automobile is one that is built with a focus on dynamic performance, including handling, acceleration, top speed, driving excitement, and the ability to race. Sports cars and other performance automobile categories, including muscle cars, are not always mutually exclusive; in fact, some cars can fit into more than one category. The automotive sector is the biggest consumer of technical textiles; each of the approximately 45 million cars produced globally each year uses around 20 kilograms of textiles. Undoubtedly, design and textiles will be crucial components in producing these unique homes. Not only do carpets and textile headliners enhance the general cosiness and aesthetics of the room, for high-pressure belts and hoses, reinforcing textile strands are necessary. Numerous air and oil filters, as well as bonnet liners, use non-woven materials. This essay addresses the issue of pollution caused by sports vehicle emissions of synthetic textiles and explores potential solutions. The use of synthetic materials in motor sports automobiles accounts for about 82% of all synthetic fabrics released into the atmosphere. Exhaust emissions account for 76% of the share of sports cars, evaporation for 22%, and refuelling for 2%. Human health issues resulting from emissions from synthetic textiles include cancer in cases of extended exposure and a host of other ailments in cases of shorter exposure. This paper gives an overview of the impact of man-made textile emissions on sports car furnishing and its source of reduction.

Hydraulic Radial Drilling Using a Rotary Hydraulic Nozzle Aimed at Increasing the Exploitation of Deposits

The exploration and development of new hydrocarbon deposits face increasing challenges, primarily driven by the shift away from hydrocarbons towards renewable energy sources like shallow geothermal deposits, wind farms, and photovoltaics. This shift necessitates finding solutions that minimize environmental impact and enable increased energy extraction from existing or decommissioned fields and wells. This paper explores the possibility of excavating from potentially depleted fields, where a significant portion (up to 85%) of the reservoir’s resources remain unrecoverable due to low reservoir energy. To address this, secondary and tertiary exploitation methods are proposed involving the supply of external energy to increase the pressure in the reservoir layer, thereby enhancing resource exploitation. One of the suggested tertiary methods involves reaming the deposit with multiple small-diameter radial holes using a hydraulic drilling nozzle. The entire process comprises several key components, including the coiled tubing unit (CTU), high-pressure flexible hose, window drilling kit for casing pipe, kit for positioning the exit of the hydraulic drilling head from the casing pipe, anchor, and hydraulic drilling head attached to the end of the high-pressure flexible hose. This method aims to increase the contact between the reservoir layer and the wellbore, potentially leading to an increase in or initiation of exploitation in certain deposit scenarios. The described method presents an environmentally friendly approach, eliminating the need for drilling new boreholes and offering cost-effective access to resources in decommissioned deposits with insufficient reservoir energy for self-exploitation. The applicability of this method to extract methane from coalbed seams is also mentioned in this article. In a separate article, the authors detail the design of a hydraulic drilling nozzle specifically for reaming the reservoir layer.

Experimental Study of the Sleeve Material Mechanical Properties during the Sample Tensile Test

Composite materials are widely used in various industries. Both ordinary household items and specialized equipment used, in particular, in emergency and rescue formations, are made from them. Each equipment has a different level of reliability. One of the types of such equipment with the lowest level of reliability is fire hoses. Fire hoses work under different internal working pressures, and depending on this indicator, during their manufacture, such materials are chosen that are able to withstand it. High-pressure fire hoses are a separate type of fire hoses. In order to ensure the necessary strength of the material, it includes an internal reinforcing layer, which is a weaving of textile threads or metal wire. The composite structure of the material greatly complicates the process of checking the technical condition of high-pressure fire hoses, which may have hidden defects. These defects can cause their destruction during operation and lead to non-fulfillment of the tasks assigned by units of emergency and rescue formations. Therefore, the study of changes in the properties of the composite material from which high-pressure fire hoses are made due to the influence of various factors on it is relevant.

Reducing the fluid loss in case of depressurization of tractors’ hydraulic drive

BACKGROUND:The operation of hydraulic drives of agricultural machinery is associated with the problem of leakage of fuel and lubricants, leading to contamination of water and soil. The most intense oil spill occurs when high-pressure hoses of hydraulic equipment are destroyed. The existing methods of solving the problem of oil leakage from high-pressure hoses have severe restrictions and high costs of their implementation. One of the effective methods of solving the problem is the use of hydraulic drive protection devices that disconnect the unpressurised section from the pressure source.
 AIMS:To develop an improved protection device an emergency stop device that controls a hydraulic drive with several types of hydraulic motors with a minimum number of device elements.
 MATERIALS AND METHODS:The design of a hydraulic drive emergency stop device (RUF Patent No. 2522013) installed in the hydraulic system of a tractor with single- and double-acting hydraulic cylinders has been developed. The method in use is a morphological analysis of the structure and distinctive features of existing engineering solutions.
 RESULTS:The shutdown unit and the terminal sensor of the emergency stop device compare the value of the hydraulic pump supply with the flow rate in the drain line. At the same time, the device is able to automatically adjust itself to their permissible difference, ensuring that there are no false responses when using double-cavity hydraulic cylinders with one rod. False responses when connecting a single-cavity hydraulic cylinder are prevented by using an additional flow sensor that blocks the shutdown unit. The fluid flow is throttled in the annular gaps between the pistons, sensor and shutdown unit housings; in this case, both pistons are mutually balanced.
 CONCLUSIONS:The proposed solution is aimed to eliminate significant oil throw-out form high-pressure hoses and makes it possible to use a single device for controlling the whole tractor hydraulic system. As a result, the weight and cost of the protection device reduce and the hydraulic drive scheme does not complicate significantly. The developed device does not demand additional power supply from the tractors on-board power circuit, as it operates with use of hydraulic energy. The protection device is applicable to hydraulic cylinders and hydraulic motors of various sizes thanks to ability of self-adjustment to the greatest difference in flow rate.

VOLUMETRIC RIGIDITY OF HYDRAULIC SYSTEMS

A hydraulic drive is a set of interacting hydraulic devices that is designed to be ghosted by means of a working fluid under pressure. The main element in hydraulic drives most machines is a power hydraulic cylinder. Hydraulic cylinder refers to volumetric hydraulic devices, since their operating mode is to fill the volume of the working chamber and empty it. The very principle of operation of the hydraulic cylinder is based on the movement of the worker organ (piston, membrane, plunger), under the influence of the energy of the flow fluid or the mechanical energy of external forces (gravity, spring).Depending on the principle of operation of hydraulic cylinders, it can be divided into two groups: one-way hydraulic cylinder, two-acting hydraulic cylinders. To ensure the operation of the hydraulic cylinder, a pump is required, the purpose of which is to convert mechanical energy into the energy of the flow fluid. Studying the stiffness of a hydraulic cylinder can help determine the optimal load that a hydraulic cylinder can withstand, as well as help in choosing the right size of hydraulic cylinder for a particular system. The stiffness of the hydraulic cylinder can be determined by measuring the movement of the hydraulic cylinder as the load increases in a given range. For example, a hydraulic press can be used to increase the load on a hydraulic cylinder to a certain value, and then a measuring tool can be used to determine the movement of the hydraulic cylinder. This data can be recorded on a computer, which can then be used to analyze and calculate the stiffness of the hydraulic cylinder. The stiffness of the hydraulic cylinder can be expressed in newtons per millimeter or other units depending on the specific measurement system. By using various materials (indicated in the literature), the results of studies aimed at determining the reduced volumetric stiffness of high-pressure hoses and the dependence of the reduced volumetric stiffness of the hydraulic cylinder on the change in the volumes of the working cavities in the process of moving its rod are given. Keywords: hydraulic system, volumetric stiffness, hydraulic cylinder, module, hydromechanical systems, hoses, pressure, rod, dynamics.

Failure Analysis of High Pressure Hose in Hydraulic Loading System

During the low temperature static test of a certain model, the hose of the hydraulic system leaked oil and bulged. In this paper, through the macroscopic observation and analysis, anatomical observation and analysis, scanning electron microscope analysis and infrared spectrum analysis of the failed high-pressure hose, the reason for the failure of the high-pressure hose is obtained: due to the cracking failure of the inner rubber, the high-pressure oil in the pipe leaks outward, and the outer CPE material leaks or bulges locally. The reason for the cracking of the inner rubber is mainly related to two factors: 1) the inner steel wire winding layer of the hose is locally uneven, and there are bridging and overhead phenomena; 2) the inner rubber has low elongation and poor compatibility of deformation.

Research on borehole repair model and working parameters optimization of self-propelled rotary excavator

The collapse or plugging of gas extraction borehole can result in partial or complete failure of the extraction function, affecting the efficiency of gas extraction and increasing project costs. The integrated friction coefficient k indicates the resistance of the borehole repair system per unit length. The current repairing methods are mainly self-propelled and rotary drilling technology, which ignores the influence of drilling angle and return water flow on integrated friction coefficient k. In this paper, wellbore repair model based on Newton’s variable mass law is established. The relationship between repair length and hydraulic parameters, wellbore parameters and pipeline parameters is derived. The system resistance test experiment is carried out to clarify the influence of well length, angle, backwater and movement speed on the integrated friction coefficient k. Main conclusions are as follows: the integral friction coefficient k is the key parameter of the repair model, the system resistance increases linearly with the increase of drilling repair distance. Backwater exerts backward thrust on the front end of the drill bit and the high-pressure hose, resulting in an increase in the integrated friction coefficient k, the increase of drilling angle and jet pressure can lead to the increase of backwater flow and the increase of integral friction coefficient k. The improved repair model can more accurately predict the maximum repair distance of self-propelled and rotary drill bits. At the repair distance of 104.7 m, the error between the repair value and the experimental value is 5.7 m, which verifies the feasibility of the application of drilling repair in self-propelled and rotary drilling technology.

A Generalized Hydraulic Model for Propulsion Force Calculations in Radial Jet Drilling

Summary Radial jet drilling (RJD) involves drilling several small-diameter lateral holes from a single vertical wellbore to increase reservoir contact and production. RJD system components (diverter, flexible hose, and jetting bit) are conveyed to the target depth using coiled tubing. A high-pressure flexible hose is used in conjunction with a jetting bit to drill holes laterally. Without a rigid drillstring, no axial force can be transferred to the bit as it penetrates the rock. As a result, the bit is propelled by hydraulic means. Thus, in addition to front-jetting nozzles, RJD bits use back-jetting nozzles. Therefore, the rate of penetration (ROP) and maximum hole length (MHL) must be maximized through proper hydraulic optimization. Existing hydraulic models rely on field-measured parameters (discharge coefficient and flow rate ratio) that vary by the bit design to predict the propulsion force, bit hydraulic power, and the maximum lateral hole length. Hence, this study aims to develop a generalized and accurate hydraulic model that does not require field-measured parameters to make predictions. As a result, the new model can be used for optimizing RJD operations by selecting suitable bit designs and lateral hole geometries. This article presents a new RJD hydraulic model that uses a discharge coefficient that varies with the nozzle aspect ratio. The model predicts the propulsion force, differential pressure across the bit, and MHL based on the design of the bit, nozzle, and lateral hole geometries, and flow rate. To verify the model, extensive experiments were conducted with single-nozzle and multi-nozzle jetting bits. The pump pressure was varied while flow rate and propulsion force were recorded during the tests. Model predictions are compared and validated with experimental data. Measured and model-predicted propulsion forces demonstrate a reasonable agreement with a maximum discrepancy of 25%. Once the model has been validated, it is used to perform a parametric study to investigate the influence of various factors on bit performance. According to the parametric study, nozzle and hole diameters, friction factor, and hose density strongly influence bit performance. Furthermore, the diameter of the nozzle has been found to have a significant effect on bit performance parameters (propulsion force, bit hydraulic power, and MHL).

LANDING GEAR FAILURES CONNECTED WITH HIGH-PRESSURE HOSES AND ANALYSIS OF TRENDS IN AIRCRAFT TECHNICAL PROBLEMS

Reliability and maintenance analysis in aviation industry focused on a main objective of the accident and incident investigations what are help to better understand the causes of accidents. In the article suggested the underlying concept by scorecard of situations what lead to aviation accidents. In the present research, the aviation accident connected with a landing gear and a problem of failure to follow maintenance instructions during a maintenance on aircraft landing gear hydraulic drive was under an investigation, on an example of root cause analysis of the failure of hydraulic flexible highpressure hoses. The approach presented in this research of experimental measurements, based on fluid pressure measuring, high-pressure hoses vibration measuring and frequency’s analysis. By spectrum analyses was found that high-pressure hoses are most susceptible to deformation at frequencies to the response of the fluid within, as well as at hoses material resonance frequencies. The compact version of hoses is more deformational on the resonance points than a standard version of hose. In final according to analyses, was established that disrespect of the frequency conditions was leaded to causes irreversible degradation changes of the hose inner structure and occurrence of material defects inside layers contact what lead in final step to hose failure.

Characterization of High-Pressure Fuel Hose with Braided Reinforcement

This study aims to investigate the effect of material type and braiding angle on the performance characteristics of the reinforced multi-layered hose, to manufacture a high-pressure fuel hose. For this purpose, NBR (Acrylo-Nitrile Butadiene rubber)/CPE (chlorinated polyethylene) fuel hose was manufactured using a single-screw extruder and for the production of the reinforcement layer, braiding technology was used. With an attempt to discuss the effect of braiding angle on the performance characteristics of the reinforced multi-layered hose, the speed of the radial braiding machine was altered. E-glass, aramid, carbon, polyester, and basalt yarns were used for the production of the braided layer. Then CPE (chlorinated polyethylene) rubber was extruded for the cover application. Performance properties of the fuel hose such as hardness, ply adhesion, vacuum collapse bursting pressure, and diametric expansion were measured and evaluated according to the requirements of the related standards. The results revealed that, with increased braiding speed, ply adhesion, vacuum collapse, and diametric expansion properties of hoses increase, while hardness, permanent deformation, and bursting pressure of hoses decrease. It has been determined that NBR/Basalt/CPE fuel hose produced in 4m/min braiding speed provided optimum functional and adhesion properties, because of its hardness, permanent deformation, bursting, and vacuum test values at 25°C are within the limit. Additionally, the results were verified by running finite element analysis (FEA) using the ANSYS simulation program.

Field test of radial jet drilling technology in a surface formation

The radial jet drilling (RJD) technology is an efficient formation stimulation and injection technology that drills multiple laterals perpendicular to the central well. Extensive research has been on jet rock breaking, lateral extension, productivity prediction, and technological processes. However, little public literature illustrates the overall drilling performance of the RJD systems. Herein, a field test is conducted in the surface sandstone formation. Eight laterals are successfully drilled using the self-rotating multi-orifices nozzle with a 35–40 MPa (5.08–5.80 ksi) jet pressure. The cumulative length of the eight laterals is 21.1 m (69.2 ft), with the longest one being 5.7 m (18.7 ft). The lateral diameter is 50 mm (1.97 in), drilled at the fastest drilling rate of 3.6 m/h (11.8 ft/h). The auxiliary traction device can provide extra feed-in force to the high-pressure hose. The lateral trajectories are measured with their accuracy confirmed by the coring well. During the field test, a lateral trajectory up-warping problem is found, of which the possible causes and the suggestions are provided. According to the internal shape of the lateral obtained by endoscopic imaging, the lateral section exhibits a ring structure, indicating the high rock breaking efficiency of the self-rotating multi-orifices nozzle. The formation anisotropy and natural fracture have little influence on the lateral trajectory but affect the lateral section shape. The research results prove the reliability of the RJD system developed and can contribute to future development and application of RJD technology.

Extension Limit of a Straight-Swirling Mixed Jet Bit and Its Influential Factors in Radial Jet Drilling

Radial jet drilling (RJD) is applied to low-permeability and unconventional natural gas. A self-propelled bit chiefly affects the borehole length and drilling efficiency. Herein, for a straight-swirling mixed jet (SSMJ) bit, a prediction model of the drilling extension limit L EL was established by analysing the forces and pressure loss of RJD system. L EL of a specific project was calculated and the pressure loss and forces distribution were obtained. Additionally, the influence laws of the main factors on L EL were studied using the established model. The results indicated that the high-pressure hose contributes the main system pressure loss, and the recoil force of backward nozzles is the sole driving force of RJD. The recoil force of forward nozzle and friction between the hose and borehole constitute the main resistances. Increasing the pump pressure p b , backward nozzle diameter d b , and jet diffusion angle θ x and reducing forward nozzle diameter d f , impeller central hole diameter d m , and backward nozzle inclination angle θ b are conducive to improving L EL . However, larger p b and d b increase the hydraulic consumption, besides larger θ x or smaller d f , and d m will reduce the rock-breaking capability. From a sensitivity analysis, p b and d m have the maximum and minimum influence on L EL , respectively. Finally, prediction value L EL of an oil well in Eastern Sichuan can be up to 63.7 m. The results provide a guidance for the hydraulic parameters and key component selection, additionally bit structure optimization of RJD.

HAZARD IDENTIFICATION OF WELDING IN CONFINED SPACE OF THE CEMENT PRODUCTION COMPANY

Introduction: Maintenance of a electrostatic precipitator cooler machine involving welding activities in confined spaces, so the company of cement production need to understand the existing hazard by conducting hazard identification. Welding are related with physical, chemical, mechanical, and electrical hazards that can cause accidents and occupational illnesses. When the welding is carried out in confined spaces, it can increasing the hazards include chemical hazards in the air, configuration of the building structure, poor airflow, or any combination of existing hazards. Methods: This research aimed to conduct hazard identification on welding activities in confined spaces. The research design used a descriptive observational with cross sectional approach. The research population was the workers who repair the electrostatic precipitator cooler machines. Sample of this research were selected using the Purposive sampling method, 2 welders in the rapping bar and 1 safetyman. Primary data was collected by conducting observation and interviews using checklist sheet, secondary data was obtained by collecting company profile and daily safety reports. Result: The results of the analysis showed that the identified hazards of welding activities in confined space are 5 of mechanical hazards, 4 of atmospheric hazards, 5 of ergonomics hazards, 5 of falling hazards, 6 of physical hazards, 5 chemical hazards, and 4 electrical hazards. Conclusion: The conclusion of this research was the dominant potential hazard come from physical hazards consisting of inadequate light, welding sparks, optical radiation, noise, high pressure gas and hoses. Some hazards inflict accidents and illness due to work on welding in confined space are welding sparks, fume, oxygen and asitelyn gases, as well as toxic and carcinogenic substance i.e. cement and coal dust. Keywords: confined space, hazard identification, welding

Investigation of the Operational Durability of High Pressure Metal Hoses Made of Austenitic Steels

The reasons for the decrease in the operational resistance of high-pressure metal hoses made of austenitic steels are considered. The main cause of damage to metal high-pressure hoses was revealed, namely, the low performance of the metal protective braiding under the influence of an unfavorable environment. It has been established in the work that in the initial state the wire made of AISI 201 steel has a high strength (σ0.2= 1370 MPa and σT= 1650 MPa) and has relatively low plastic characteristics (δ = 15 % и ψ = 40 %), since up to 40–60% deformation martensite is present in its structure. The resistance of steels of the austenitic class AISI 201 and AISI 316 to intergranular corrosion has been investigated. The effect of heat treatment on the mechanical and plastic properties of wire samples of ø made of AISI 201 steel has been investigated. Optimal heat treatment modes have been determined that increase the durability of the braid in an unfavorable environment and, consequently, the operational durability of metal hoses in general.

Алгоритм действий пожарной охраны по сращиванию (наращиванию) рукава высокого давления при тушении пожара на железной дороге

Purpose. Rail transport is one of the safest types of transportation, however, train accidents and catastrophes entail loss of life and significant property damage. A topical issue is the uninterrupted fire suppressant supply in case of fires on the railway. The authors present the results of an experiment on the development of a connecting device prototype to extend high-pressure hoses during firefighting. Methods. The authors have applied a comprehensive analysis of situational factors on the basis of practical experience in conducting fire extinction, preliminary planning and descriptions of the operational situation at a fire scene. The simulation of fire unit actions in extinguishing a fire on the route between stations has been carried out. Tests of the developed sample, a connecting device for high-pressure hoses, have been carried out as well. Findings. The authors have determined a significant degree of influence of fire unit actions on the effectiveness of performing the major combat mission, as well as the possibility of using the optimized management task route by the Fire-Ground Commander. The author team has developed a connecting device prototype to extend high-pressure hoses during fire fighting. Research application field. The study results are aimed at rationalizing the fire extinguishing process and organizing management to perform the main combat mission on the infrastructure of rail-type transport. The results can be applied to improve the forces of units involved in performing the main combat mission, increase the training facilities and capacities of Fire Service and introduce fire protection educational institutions into the process of training as well. Conclusions. The results of the experiment on the development of a connecting device prototype to extend high-pressure hoses during fire fighting in hard-to-reach places are presented. An algorithm for using a high-pressure hose in railway transport is proposed. It will allow reducing the consumption of a fire extinguishing agent relative to normal pressure hoses and increasing the distance for its use.

Analysis of the efficiency of thermal insulation of high-pressure hoses of the drilling rig URB-2A2 based on mathematical modeling

Analysis of the efficiency of thermal insulation of high-pressure hoses of the drilling rig URB-2A2 based on mathematical modeling