High Population Growth Rate Research Articles

Spatial Analysis of Changes in Land Use Against Detailed Spatial Plans (RDTR) in North Klaten District Using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) Year 2012-2020

The study in this study was conducted in the North Klaten District. North Klaten District was chosenbecause it has the highest population growth rate in Klaten Regency in 2012-2020. The higher thepopulation growth in an area, the higher the demand for land in the area and changes in land useoccur. A land that is continuously turned into a built-up area can lead to land use that is not inaccordance with the Detailed Spatial Plan that has been prepared by the regional government. Thisstudy aims to analyze the distribution of land use change in North Klaten District in 2012-2020 andanalyze the suitability of land use changes to the Detailed Spatial Plan for 2011-2031. The researchmethod used is a survey method to test the accuracy of digitizing data on land use changes. Thesampling method used a purposive sampling method. The analytical method used is spatial analysis todetermine the distribution of land use changes and the suitability of land use changes to the DetailedSpatial Plan. The first result of this study is the distribution of land use changes that occurred inNorth Klaten District in 2012-2020 of 158.68 ha. The highest type of land change is rice fields intosettlements of 60.05 ha or 75.69%, this land change share occurs in all villages. The village with thehighest type of change from paddy fields to settlements is Belangwetan Village, which is 10.81 ha. Thesecond result of this study is the classification of the suitability of land use changes to the DetailedSpatial Plan which is divided into two classifications, namely land changes according to the DetailedSpatial Plan of 77.17 ha or 97.26% and land changes that are not according to the Detailed SpatialPlan of 77.17 ha or 97.26% 2.17 ha or 2.74%. Changes in land use that are not in accordance withthe Detailed Spatial Plan can be caused by several factors, including the ignorance of somecommunities regarding the existence of spatial regulations and the negligence of some communities incomplying with the spatial regulations that have been set by the government in making changes toland use.

Measuring the Economic Efficiency and Total Productivity of Effective Inputs for Wheat Farms in Nineveh Governorate for the Agricultural Season (2019-2020)

Wheat is the food of the era and every era that has passed and every era will come and the need for it increases and worsens annually with the high population growth rate in developing countries, including Iraq, so the research aims to study a comparative study of technical efficiency (TE) and economic efficiency (EE) of wheat in Nineveh governorate for the 2019-agricultural season. 2020) as well as achieving growth in the total productivity (TFP) of the effective inputs involved in the production process for a number of (60) farms, Both technical and specialized competence was estimated and then access to economic efficiency, where the estimation of these two efficiencies was made using the DEAP data envelope method with input directive assuming constant volume returns to the capacity of the CRS, and from which it was found that the average technical efficiency reached (0.735) and the average economic efficiency reached (0.575). And that the full technical efficiency has been achieved at a rate of 26.66% and the remaining 83.14% has been distributed between less than 100% and more than 20%, and this is a large percentage indicating the farmers’ negligence in using economic resources efficiently. Less than 100% and more than 20%, and this indicates that there is a waste in the resources used, As for economic efficiency, it has been achieved at a rate of 21.8% and the rest is 89.4% distributed between 100% and more than 20% and this percentage is large and the reason for this is the high production costs of the resources used because of the high prices, which led to a decrease in Allocative efficiency, which was reflected in the economic efficiency, as for the total productivity. (TFP) The analysis was done using the Malquist Productivity Index, and from it it was found that (TFP) lies between a maximum of (0.992) for farm No. (14) and a minimum of (0.301) for farm No. (42), while the average total productivity of a farmer reached (0.688). It is the result of the great effect of the change in technical efficiency (TEC), which reached (1,000) and the technical change that reached (0.688). Therefore, the research recommends increasing the unit area for this crop by using effective resources in the quantities recommended by specialists after carefully studying the properties of the soil and the extent of its needs for those resources.

Community Participation Provides Hydrological Environmental Services In the Watershed Area

The extent of critical and potential critical land in the Kambaniru watershed has encouraged community perceptions where management of land and forests in the watershed-based area of community empowerment is an important effort. To be able to achieve a good Kambaniru watershed condition, the behavior and activities of land and forest utilization by the community must comply with the principles of soil and water conservation. High population growth rate and followed by pressure on land has the potential to create new social problems in the form of poverty. On the other hand, the large potential of people who are willing to provide hydrological environmental services in watershed areas can be used as government investment. Therefore, opportunities for community participation need to be managed through an incentive approach through a cost-sharing mechanism. The overall objective of this study is to formulate a cost-sharing regression model of hydrological environmental services; to analyze the value of hydrological benefits for households at the upstream level in the Kambaniru watershed area, and assess the condition of community poverty levels based on pressure on land in the Kambaniru watershed area. This study concludes the formulation of the cost-sharing regression model of hydrological environmental services in the Kambaniru watershed area can explain the condition of the amount of water use and water requirements for households. The condition of population poverty is triggered by high pressure and dependence on land and forests. The recommendation is that farmer household should be given hydrological benefit compensation and lending without interest.

Contemporary Demographic Situation in China

Demographic processes in China are important not only for its socio-economic development, but also for the global economy as a whole. The high growth rate of China's population at the end of the 20th century provided many countries with labor resources. The changes taking place at the beginning of the 21st century are fundamentally different. The current demographic situation in China is characterized by a slowdown in population growth, a change in the age structure of the population and the institution of family and marriage. The main objective of this study is a comparative analysis of China's demographic indicators for the period from 2010 to 2020. The study is based on data from China's sixth and seventh national censuses in 2010 and 2020. The analysis showed that in the future we can talk about an increase in the proportion of the Chinese population at older ages. In addition, social problems caused by an unbalanced gender structure of the population will become more and more visible. In the past, the population problem in China was associated with a large population. The solution to the problem was to regulate the excessive growth of the population. The demographic problem in the future is associated with an increase in the proportion of the population of the older age group. These processes require the state to apply new measures to adapt the social infrastructure. This infrastructure should provide a birth support system, on the one hand, and an increasing proportion of the older population, on the other.

SOVIET AND POST-SOVIET TRANSFORMATIONS OF URBAN SYSTEM: CASE OF KAZAKHSTAN FROM 1979 TO 2022

This study analyzes the transformation of the urban system in Kazakhstan from 1979 to 2022 by studying the interrelationship between population change in large cities and demographic trends in nearby towns and rural areas. The findings suggest that the collapse of the USSR triggered a large-scale spatial realignment of the population leading to dramatic changes in the population size of urban settlements. The estimations largely failed to confirm relationships between the growth of large cities vs population change in mid-size and small urban settlements that would hold throughout the entire sample period. However, the analysis of district-level data showed that remote and rural areas were more prone to depopulation while districts around rapidly growing large cities had significantly higher rates of population growth. The population in large cities and regional centers was found to be growing much faster than in periphery areas, which is very much in line with findings from studies done on other former Soviet states.

Analisis K-Means Cluster untuk Identifikasi Kawasan Pengelolaan Sampah di Kabupaten Tapin Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan

Population growth of Tapin Regency is projected to grow until it reaches more than 200,000 in 2025. In current conditions, the government can only manage a small amount of solid waste in certain urban settlement areas. Limited service coverage of waste management systems causing a serious threat for environmental quality. The research was intended to determine and identify zone for planning and developing the waste management system in a larger scale area to improve waste management services in Tapin Regency. The research methods using PCA (principal component analysis) then K-Means cluster to obtain waste management zone in that area. The results have shown that waste management zones can be classified into 3 types zone. Zone type 1 consisted of 25 villages located in a urban area that has the highest vulnerability of solid waste generation. Zone type 2 consisted of 36 villages and located relatively close to the rural-urban area which has the highest population growth rate. Zone type 3 consisted of 36 villages located very far from the urban area which has the lowest vulnerability of solid waste generation. Zone type 1 and 2 were determined as priority clusters for developing waste management services which have 73.3% coverage of all area. Waste management systems coverage in zone type 3 implemented by the addition of community participation programs.

Contributions of Innovation and Entrepreneurship Education to Entrepreneurial Intention with Entrepreneurial Motivation as an Intervening Variable in Vocational High School Students

Unemployment is a major problem in Indonesia. This happens because Indonesia is a country with a high population growth rate, which affects the competition for jobs. One way that is considered quite effective to overcome the problem of unemployment is to create or increase the number of entrepreneurs. This study aims to determine the direct effect and indirect effect of Innovation, Entrepreneurship Education, Entrepreneurial Intention, on Entrepreneurial Motivation. The research method used in this research is quantitative. The independent variables are Innovation (X1) and Entrepreneurship Education (X2), the dependent variable is Entrepreneurial Intention (Y), and the Intervening variable is Entrepreneurial Motivation (Z). The number of respondents in this study were Vocational High School students with a sample of 32 students. Based on the results of research that has been done, directly and indirectly Innovation, entrepreneurship education, entrepreneurial intention, and motivation have a significant effect on entrepreneurial intention in Vocational Students.

An assessment of socioeconomic indicators and energy consumption by considering green financing

Countries are now facing the problem of carbon emissions due to the high growth rate of population. To bridge this gap of carbon emission reduction, this research investigates the impacts of socioeconomic indicators on green financing among divergent communities of Punjab, Pakistan via primary data collected from 800 households through a questionnaire, applying stratified and simple random sampling techniques. A linear regression technique estimates the effects of the socioeconomic indicators on green financing at the household level. The results indicate that education and knowledge of households about green financing have greater impact. Due to the significantly negative effect of monthly income, enhancement of monthly income should be preferred through different measures to make green financing possible. In this way, policy measures can be taken at the national level to raise people's knowledge and education about green financing. The government should take the initiative to help communities become aware about sustainable energy consumption. Incentives should be provided at the household level to encourage green financing for a better and cleaner environment. This study assists the government and communities to move towards a green environment by applying the easy way of green financing at a lower cost.

The effect of habitat transformation on a twig epiphytic orchid: Evidence from population dynamics

The tropical Andean landscape has been dramatically transformed over the last century with remaining native forest limited to small fragments within a heterogeneous matrix of crops, cattle pastures, and urban environments. We aimed to explore the impact of habitat transformation on the population dynamics in an endemic twig epiphytic orchid located within the undisturbed forest and within modified matrix habitat in two regions with contrasting landscape structures: with a dominant shade coffee matrix and a dominant grassland matrix. Over 2 years, we surveyed 4,650 individuals of the Colombian endemic orchid, Rodriguezia granadensis. We undertook four post-breeding censuses in three sites in each region in both native forest and pasture sub-sites (12 sub-sites; 48 censuses in total), and constructed demographic transition matrices (n = 36). The transition probabilities were calculated using a Bayesian approach and population grow rates were evaluated using asymptotic models and elasticities using transient dynamics. Between regions, higher population growth rate and inertia (defined as the largest or smallest long-term population density with the same initial density distribution) was seen in the shade coffee-dominated landscape. Additionally, population growth rate and damping ratio was higher in forest compared with pasture, with lower convergence time for the forest subsites. These demographic patterns reveal the contrasting levels of population resilience of this orchid in different landscape structures with the more connected shade-coffee dominated landscape permitting some healthier populations with greater population growth and survival in forest than pasture. This study highlights that twig epiphyte colonization of isolated phorophytes in pastures should not be interpreted as a sign of a healthy population but as a temporal transitory period.

Cost-effectiveness of increased contraceptive coverage using family planning benefits cards compared with the standard of care for young women in Uganda

BackgroundUganda has a high population growth rate of 3%, partly due to limited access to and low usage of contraception. This study assessed the cost-effectiveness of the family planning benefits cards (FPBC) program compared to standard of care (SOC). The FPBC program was initiated to increase access to modern contraception among young women in slums in Kampala, Uganda.MethodsWe developed a decision-analytic model (decision tree) and parameterized it using primary intervention data together with previously published data. In the base case, a sexually active woman from an urban slum, aged 18 to 30 years, was modelled over a one-year time horizon from both the modified societal and provider perspectives. The main model outcomes included the probability of unintended conception, costs, and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) in terms of cost per unwanted pregnancy averted. Both deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were conducted to assess the robustness of the modelling results. All costs were reported in 2022 US dollars, and analyses were conducted in Microsoft Excel.ResultsIn the base case analysis, the FPBC was superior to the SOC in outcomes. The probability of conception was lower in the FPBC than in the SOC (0.20 vs. 0.44). The average societal and provider costs were higher in the FPBC than in the SOC, i.e., $195 vs. $164 and $193 vs. $163, respectively. The ICER comparing the FPBC to the SOC was $125 per percentage reduction in the probability of unwanted conception from the societal perspective and $121 from the provider perspective. The results were robust to sensitivity analyses.ConclusionGiven Uganda’s GDP per capita of $1046 in 2022, the FPBC is highly cost-effective compared to the SOC in reducing unintended pregnancies among young women in low-income settings. It can even get cheaper in the long run due to the low marginal costs of deploying additional FPBCs.Trial registrationMUREC1/7 No. 10/05-17. Registered on July 19, 2017.

Slum Settlement Development and Its Impact on Women's Health in Gondar Town Chirkos Sub-City

Lack of basic services is one of the most frequently mentioned characteristics of slum. People living in informal settlements, particularly in slums, suffer more spatial, social and economic exclusion. The basic problems inherent in slums are health hazards, particularly for women. The main of objective of the study is to investigate Slum settlement Development and Its impact on women's health in Gondar town, Chirkos sub city. Cross sectional design and mixed research approach were used for this study. Three Kebeles were selected from Chirkos sub city purposively and sample households were selected using simple random sampling. Among 3237 target population 110 samples were selected. Data were collected from both primary and secondary sources via survey questionnaire, key informant interview, indirect personal observation and document references. Descriptive quantitative analysis and qualitative way of analysis were used to analyze data. Results show that magnitude of slum settlement development is very high. Slum settlers do not get basic home infrastructures and there is problem of tenure security. Migration of people from another place especially from rural areas, higher rate of population growth, prevalence of local markets in the study area, housing provision problem, poverty and income in equality were found factors responsible for slum development. Women’s in the slum have poor habit of keeping their personal hygiene and sanitation and have waste disposal habit. Slum settlement has great impact on women’s health. The main common disease in slum areas includes measles, pneumonia, diarrhea, typhoid and typhus and common cold.

Population Changes with a Special Reference to Mortality

The age structure of a population is governed largely by demographic factors, though these factors in turn are influenced by economic and social conditions. The three factors that contribute to changes in population age structure are fertility, mortality and migration. These demographic factors are reasonably independent of each other. The key components of population changes such as fertility, mortality, and migration are always measured as age- and time-specific events. Mortality is defined as the estimated total number of deaths in a population of a given sex and/or age, divided by the total number of this population, expressed per 100,000 population, for a given year, in a given country, territory, or geographic area, Social Awareness and Actions to Neutralize Pneumonia Successfully (SAANS) initiative implemented since 2019 for reduction of Childhood morbidity and mortality due to pneumonia. The principal reason for the higher rate of population growth, particularly between 1941 and 2022, was a substantial drop in the mortality rate without a corresponding decline in the fertility rate. The present paper deals with mortality, its rates, types, causes and remedial measures to reduce mortality rates.

Bayesian Hierarchical Spatial Modeling of COVID-19 Cases in Bangladesh.

This research aimed to investigate the spatial autocorrelation and heterogeneity throughout Bangladesh's 64 districts. Moran I and Geary C are used to measure spatial autocorrelation. Different conventional models, such as Poisson-Gamma and Poisson-Lognormal, and spatial models, such as Conditional Autoregressive (CAR) Model, Convolution Model, and modified CAR Model, have been employed to detect the spatial heterogeneity. Bayesian hierarchical methods via Gibbs sampling are used to implement these models. The best model is selected using the Deviance Information Criterion. Results revealed Dhaka has the highest relative risk due to the city's high population density and growth rate. This study identifies which district has the highest relative risk and which districts adjacent to that district also have a high risk, which allows for the appropriate actions to be taken by the government agencies and communities to mitigate the risk effect.

Perkembangan Tingkat Pengangguran Terbuka di Indonesia Pasca Covid-19


 
 High unemployment rate is a fundamental problem in employment in Indonesia. This incident was caused by a new workforce that was much larger than the increase in employment opportunities. This means that the available jobs do not meet the level of labor in Indonesia. Thus causing a high unemployment rate. Unemployment is a problem for countries with high population growth rates, such as Indonesia. Unemployment can also affect the level of the Indonesian economy. This study uses a type of library research. Bibliography research (library research) is research that is carried out by using a bibliography (library) in the form of books, memos, and information from previous research results. On the other hand, the procedures used are stories and analysis. In addition, this study used a descriptive analysis method, where the data came from secondary data available from BPS data (Central Bureau of Statistics). The sample used in this research is unemployment in Indonesia with a scale of the last 10 years. According to the data on the number of unemployed and working residents above, it shows that the highest number of unemployed people in August 2020 was the largest in the last 9 years. Meanwhile, the percentage value of the working population in August 2020 was the lowest value in the last 9 years.
 Keywords: Unemployment, BPS, Covid-19

Development of demographic processes in the Fergana region of Uzbekistan: yesterday, today, tomorrow


 
 
 In the world, the living conditions and health of the population have a certain impact on demographic processes. High population growth rates cause demographic problems. As a positive solution to these problems, a number of international organizations, including the United Nations Population Fund, have set the main task of «improving the lifestyle of the population and ensuring sustainable development» (https://www.unfpa.org/world-population-trends). These tasks include studies aimed at identifying and evaluating the features of the development of demographic processes in densely populated areas, the factors influencing them, and developing a forecast. In the world, priority is given to research in this direction, especially to determine the territorial features of population regeneration, improve public health and life expectancy, study the impact of economic and social development of regions on demographic processes. It is also important to determine the unique geodemographic situation due to the influence of natural and economic, socio-geographical and other factors on the population of the regions, factors influencing the development of demographic processes and their territorial characteristics, to improve the scientific basis of regional demographic policy and directions of development, and develop special programs . This article highlights the territorial features of the development of demographic process- es in the regions of the Fergana Valley in 1991-2020, developed forecast parameters up to 2040, and presented important conclusions.
 
 

Carrying capacity approach for agriculture land management in land subsidence area of West Java province

West Java is one of the provinces in Indonesia which has high agricultural productivity. That way, it is necessary to carry out an analysis of the carrying capacity of agricultural land in West Java Province in 2022. The method used to calculate carrying capacity of agricultural land is the combination of Odum, Christeiler, Howard, and Isard theories which is suitable for local conditions and can assess the factors that affect the level of carrying capacity of land in an area. West Java Province has a carrying capacity of agricultural land of 0.74. The value of population pressure in West Java Province with a dominance of less than 1 indicates that districts/cities in West Java Province are dominated by the carrying capacity of high agricultural land. The high rate of population growth and not accompanied by an area of land capable of supporting the needs of the population can be a threat to the availability of sustainable agricultural land.

Analysis of the Carrying Capacity Agricultural Land of Jawa Tengah Province in 2022 using the Soemarwoto Method

Jawa Tengah is one of the provinces in Indonesia which has high agricultural productivity. That way, it is necessary to carry out an analysis of the carrying capacity of agricultural land in Jawa Tengah Province in 2022. The method used to calculate population pressure and the carrying capacity of agricultural land is the Soemarwoto method which is suitable for local conditions and can assess the factors that affect the level of carrying capacity of land in an area. Jawa Tengah Province has a carrying capacity of agricultural land of 1.43. The value of population pressure in Jawa Tengah Province with a dominance of less than 1 indicates that districts/cities in Jawa Tengah Province are dominated by the carrying capacity of high agricultural land. The high rate of population growth and not accompanied by an area of land capable of supporting the needs of the population can be a threat to the availability of sustainable agricultural land.

Supporting the capacities and knowledge of smallholder farmers in Kenya for sustainable agricultural futures: a Citizen Science pilot project.

Sub-Saharan Africa is often presented as the continent most vulnerable to climatic change with major repercussions for food systems. Coupled with high rates of population growth, continued food insecurity and malnutrition, thus the need to enhance food production across the continent is seen as a major global imperative. We argue here, however, that current models of agricultural development in Eastern Africa frequently marginalise critical smallholder knowledge from the process of future agricultural design due to a lack of a methodological tools for engagement. This paper addresses this by outlining a potential means to capture and share locally produced agronomic information on a large scale. We report on a 'Citizen Science' pilot study that worked with smallholder farmers in Elgeyo-Marakwet County, Western Kenya, to co-design a mobile application using the well-developed Sapelli platform that easily allows farmers to identify, record and geolocate cropping patterns and challenges at multiple stages in the agricultural calendar using their own understanding. The pilot project demonstrated the technical and epistemological benefits of co-design, the abilities of smallholder farmers to co-design and use smartphone applications, and the potential for such technology to produce and share valuable agricultural and ecological knowledge in real time. Proof-of-concept data illustrates opportunities to spatially and temporally track and respond to challenges related to climate, crop disease and pests. Such work expounds how smallholder farmers are a source of largely untapped ecological and agronomic expert knowledge that can, and should, be harnessed to address issues of future agricultural resilience and food system sustainability.

Contemporary climate change problems in Central Asia

According to the moderate climate change scenario, the direct impact of climate change on irrigated crops, including cotton, wheat, apples, tomatoes, and potatoes, is pro-jected to decrease the yields by 1–13% by 2050. However, the demand for food is expected to increase overall due to the population growth and poverty reduction goals. The rate of climate change in the countries varies. The highest decadal rates of climate change were recorded in Uzbekistan at 0.29°C (1950-2005) and in Kazakhstan at 0.26°C (1936-2005). The climate change rate in Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan were 0.08°C and 0.10°C, respectively. In these upstream countries, the area of forests and mountain ranges is relatively large, and the possible negative impact of climatic factors is relatively small. Thus, the contemporary problems in Central Asia in the context of climate change are related to a growing scarcity of water resources; uneven distribution of water resources across the countries in relation to the needs; relatively low water use efficiency (especially in agriculture); relatively high population growth rates and intensification of economic processes. If additional resource-saving measures are not taken, the negative consequences of climate change in the region may include an increased risk of water shortages, droughts, and other dangerous hydrome-teorological events that lead to instability of agricultural production and threaten food secu-rity; and particularly the shrinkage of glaciers and therewith one of the key sources of freshwater. Overall, a strategy of action plans on climate change nationally and region-wide is urgently needed, including both adaptation and mitigation measures.

A Study to Assess the Awareness and Usage of Contraception Among Married Women

Background: India is the second most populous country in the world. Karnataka is the eighth largest state in Indiain terms of Population. High fertility rate and hence high population growth rate are among the leading economicand social problems faced by the developing world. This study is done to assess the awareness and usage ofvarious methods of contraception.Methodology: A cross sectional study was conducted in urban field practice area of Sri Siddhartha Medical Collegein Tumkur. 260 study participants were included in the study and systematic random sampling method was usedto select the study subjects. Pre-tested questionnaire was used to interview participants about their reproductiveintentions and contraceptive behaviour.Results: In the present study 193 (74.23%) study participants were aware about one or the other methods ofcontraception. Majority 191(73.46%) of the participants were aware about tubectomy. The prevalence ofcontraceptive usage was 55.4%.Conclusion: The total demand of the community for Contraceptives is 77.3%, which has to be taken in toconsideration by policy makers. Only 74.23% of study participants were aware about one or the other methods ofcontraception, hence there is a scope to increase the awareness.