Population Changes with a Special Reference to Mortality

Abstract

The age structure of a population is governed largely by demographic factors, though these factors in turn are influenced by economic and social conditions. The three factors that contribute to changes in population age structure are fertility, mortality and migration. These demographic factors are reasonably independent of each other. The key components of population changes such as fertility, mortality, and migration are always measured as age- and time-specific events. Mortality is defined as the estimated total number of deaths in a population of a given sex and/or age, divided by the total number of this population, expressed per 100,000 population, for a given year, in a given country, territory, or geographic area, Social Awareness and Actions to Neutralize Pneumonia Successfully (SAANS) initiative implemented since 2019 for reduction of Childhood morbidity and mortality due to pneumonia. The principal reason for the higher rate of population growth, particularly between 1941 and 2022, was a substantial drop in the mortality rate without a corresponding decline in the fertility rate. The present paper deals with mortality, its rates, types, causes and remedial measures to reduce mortality rates.