High-performance Acetone Research Articles

Construction of a novel Mott-Schottky heterostructure gas sensor g-C3N4/SnO2 with layered nanorods array for high-sensitivity acetone detection

Developing exhaled acetone sensors with high performance can be effectively applied to the medical diagnosis and the health monitoring. Herein, a two-dimensional (2D) layered graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) with tunable electronic structure, abundant edge sites, and high stability is proposed, and it is further coupled with stannic oxide (SnO2) by one-step hydrothermal approach to construct a Mott-Schottky heterostructure with layered nanorods array. The exceptional response of the as-fabricated g-C3N4/SnO2 gas sensor to 50 ppm acetone at 100 °C is four times higher than that of the pristine SnO2 sensor. Additionally, the g-C3N4/SnO2 sensor’s remarkable selectivity, long-term stability against acetone gas, and detection limit of 250 ppb are exhibited. The unique hierarchical design and the Mott-Schottky heterostructure creation which validated by electrochemical study, may be in charge of the enhanced acetone sensing capabilities of g-C3N4/SnO2 gas sensor. This work will provide a concise and effective avenue to construct hierarchical composite with Mott-Schottky heterostructure for high-performance acetone gas sensor.

Oxygen vacancy-mediated metal-organic gel-derived α-Fe2O3 for anomalous acetone sensing behavior

The development of acetone gas sensors with high sensitivity, low detection limits and scalability holds significant importance for industrial production safety and disease diagnosis. Herein, oxygen vacancies-enriched α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles (M-Fe2O3 NPs) were synthesized through a novel metal-organic gel template strategy. Gas sensing experiments revealed that the prepared M-Fe2O3 sensor displayed unique p-type semiconductor behavior, distinct from the n-type commercial α-Fe2O3 (C-Fe2O3) sensor. Moreover, the sensor demonstrated excellent acetone sensing performance, including high response (2.6 @ 20 ppm), low detection limit (0.5 ppm), remarkable repeatability and selectivity, even under 80% relative humidity (RH), displaying impressive response and recovery properties. The enhanced p-type sensing properties of the M-Fe2O3 sensor were attributed to oxygen vacancies facilitating inversion (hole) layer formation and accelerating chemical reactions on the sensing materials surface, as evidenced by gas sensing performance data and O2-TPD characterization. Finally, the feasibility of preliminary diabetes diagnosis was demonstrated by detecting acetone levels in human exhaled breath. This work not only presents a straightforward approach for designing oxygen vacancies-enriched metal oxides but also has potential applications in constructing high-performance acetone sensing systems for diabetes diagnosis.

Vertically aligned mesoporous Ce doped NiO nanowalls with multilevel gas channels for high-performance acetone gas sensors

In recent years, the potential use and development of acetone gas sensors in health monitoring and self-diagnostic applications has attracted increasing attention. Thus, accurate sensing of acetone is of crucial importance in the non-invasive diagnosis of diabetes. However, challenges remain in the detection of acetone, such as high concentrations detection limit, high operating temperature and slow response dynamics. Herein, vertically aligned Ce-doped mesoporous NiO nanowalls are prepared on Ag-Pd interdigitated electrode substrate using an in-situ growth method. The gas sensing performances show that the as-made 4 mol% Ce-doped NiO nanowalls has excellent gas response value (3.2) to 10 ppm acetone at a lower operating temperature (175 ℃) with fast adsorption and desorption equilibrium (13 s/7 s). Vertically aligned mesoporous NiO nanowalls doped by Ce element could pave the way for ultra-sensitive and low power consumption acetone gas sensors for breath gas detection.

Gallium ions induced in-situ MOF-derived hierarchical porous Co3O4 for ultra-high acetone response

In order to monitor the quality of the surrounding environment and realize the non-invasive screening of diabetes, it is necessary to develop a simple and sensitive acetone sensor. In this paper, GCx porous structures doped with different proportions of Ga element are prepared through calcining Co-MOF synthesized by solvothermal method. The findings indicate that the addition of Ga inhibits the further growth of grain and improves the uniformity of the adhered nanoparticles in GCx. Performance test shows that the GC4 sensor exhibit extremely ultra-high response (197.6, 50 ppm) acetone at 160 °C and relatively low detection limit of 0.1 ppm (2.3). The main reason for the significant improvement of GCx acetone sensitivity is that the introduction of Ga regulates the oxygen vacancy which provide rich reaction activation sites for the further reaction and diffusion of acetone and amplify resistance change by modulating the carrier concentration. A practical method for controlling oxygen vacancy and carrier concentration of sensing materials is shown in this work, which creates a new opportunity for the development of high-performance acetone sensors.

Construction of Co3O4/SnO2 yolk-shell nanofibers for acetone gas detection

In this work, Co3O4/SnO2 heterojunctions were proposed and fabricated by single-nozzle electrospinning. Interestingly, novel yolk-shell nanofibers could be formed in a proper doped content of Co3O4. The gas sensing properties of sensors based on Co3O4/SnO2 yolk-shell nanofibers were evaluated, and a superior response of ∼216–100 ppm acetone at 350 °C was obtained. Additionally, Our sensors have an ultrafast response time of ∼0.62 s, demonstrating remarkable selectivity for acetone and excellent stability for both humidity and long-term use. These exceptional performances are attributed to the synergistic effect of nano-heterojunctions that enhance the effective interfacial area, as well as the unique yolk-shell structure of SnO2/Co3O4, which increases gas transport channels. Our results demonstrate that constructing Co3O4/SnO2 yolk-shell nanofibers is an effective strategy for achieving high-performance acetone gas detection.

High performance acetone sensor based on yttria stabilized-zirconia and NiGaxAl2-xO4 (x = 0, 0.6, 1 and 1.4) sensing electrode

In this paper, YSZ-based high performance acetone sensor was successfully developed for intelligent medical service, environmental monitoring, and safety production of smart city. New type spinel electrode sensing materials NiGaxAl2-xO4 (x = 0, 0.6, 1 and 1.4) were synthesized by a sol-gel method. Compared to the other sensing electrode materials, NiGa0.6Al1.4O4 had the highest electrochemical catalytic activity to acetone, and the sensor based on NiGa0.6Al1.4O4-SE performed the best sensing performance of −48 mV to 10 ppm acetone. Moreover, the present acetone sensor has a wide detection range of 0.2–1000 ppm, with sensitivity of −45 mV/decade, meeting the field of diabetic non-invasive diagnosis and real-time in-situ environmental monitoring. In addition, the device also performs excellent repeatability, acceptable selectivity, terrific humidity resistance and marvelous long-term stability during continuous measurements over 30 days. Overall, based on its excellent sensing performance, the developed sensor has marvelous application prospects for acetone detection in intelligent medical service, environmental monitoring, and safety production fields of smart city.

Enhanced acetone gas sensing performance of ZnO polyhedrons decorated with LaFeO3 nanoparticles

Since acetone is potentially harmful to humans, it is necessary to develop a high-performance acetone gas sensor. In this study, ZnO polyhedrons decorated with LaFeO3 (LFO) nanoparticles with high acetone-sensing performances were prepared by a facile microwave-assisted hydrolytic reaction method, and the p-n heterojunction was successfully constructed. The crystal structure, surface morphology, and internal composition of the LaFeO3/ZnO composites were analyzed by various characterization methods. The results showed that LaFeO3 nanoparticles were successfully composited with ZnO polyhedra. Compared with the pure ZnO sensor, the LaFeO3/ZnO sensor showed a significant improvement in sensitivity, recovery time, and selectivity. For example, at the optimal operating temperature of 340 °C, the response of the LaFeO3/ZnO sensor to 100 ppm acetone could reach ∼208.7, which was 39 times higher than that of the pure ZnO sensor. And the recovery time of the LaFeO3/ZnO sensor was reduced to 15.4 s. Meanwhile, the LaFeO3/ZnO sensor had the highest selectivity for acetone. The significant improvement of the sensing performance of the LaFeO3/ZnO sensor might be attributed to the formation of p-n heterojunctions and the good catalytic effect of LaFeO3.

Large-lateral-area SnO2 nanosheets with a loose structure for high-performance acetone sensor at the ppt level

Gas sensors with high sensitivity and high selectivity are required in practical applications to distinguish between target molecules in the detection of volatile organic compounds, real-time security alerts, and clinical diagnostics. Semiconducting tin oxide (SnO2) is highly regarded as a gas-sensing material due to its exceptional responsiveness to changes in gaseous environments and outstanding chemical stability. Herein, we successfully synthesized a large-lateral-area SnO2 nanosheet with a loose structure as a gas sensing material by a one-step facile aqueous solution process without a surfactant or template. The SnO2 sensor exhibited a remarkable sensitivity (Ra/Rg = 1.33) at 40 ppt for acetone, with a theoretical limit of detection of 1.37 ppt, which is the lowest among metal oxide semiconductor-based gas sensors. The anti-interference ability of acetone was higher than those of pristine SnO2 and commercial sensors. These sensors also demonstrated perfect reproducibility and long-term stability of 100 days. The ultrasensitive response of the SnO2 nanosheets toward acetone was attributed to the specific loose large lateral area structure, small grain size, and metastable (101) crystal facets. Considering these advantages, SnO2 nanosheets with larger lateral area sensors have great potential for the detection and monitoring of acetone.

In situ assembly of one-dimensional Pt@ZnO nanofibers driven by a ZIF-8 framework for achieving a high-performance acetone sensor.

To obtain a high-performance gas sensor, it is essential to ingeniously design sensing materials containing the features of high catalytic performance, abundant oxygen vacancies, and splendid grain dispersibility through a simple method. Inspired by the fact that ZIF-8 contains semiconductor metal atoms, well-arranged ZnO nanoparticle (NP)-in situ assembled one-dimensional nanofibers (NFs) are obtained by one-step electrospinning. By incorporating Pt NPs into the cavity of ZIF-8 NPs, well-dispersed Pt@ZnO NPs driven by Pt@ZIF-8 composites are obtained after annealing. The well-arranged Pt@ZnO NP-assembled NFs not only exhibit abundant oxygen vacancies but also avoid the self-aggregation of ZnO and Pt NPs. Meanwhile, the small Pt NPs could improve the catalytic effect in return. Therefore, the gas sensor fabricated based on the above materials exhibits an acetone sensitivity of 6.1 at 370 °C, compared with pristine ZnO NFs (1.6, 5 ppm). Moreover, the well-arranged Pt@ZnO NP-assembled NFs show exceptional sensitivity to acetone with a 70.2 ppb-level detection limit in theory. The synergistic advantages of the designed sensing material open up new possibilities for non-invasive disease diagnosis.

Enhanced specific surface area of ZIF-8 derived ZnO induced by sulfuric acid modification for high-performance acetone gas sensor

Zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF)-8-derived zinc oxide (ZnO) is considered one of the most promising acetone sensing candidate materials for the diagnosis of type-I diabetes. However, very few studies focus on the effect of acidic conditions induced shape change of ZIF-8 derived ZnO on the diffusion and adsorption of acetone gas on the material surface. Here, novel ZIF-8-derived hierarchical ZnO micro-dodecahedra/flower structures (ZnO-DFs) were designed by using sulfuric acid modification. Interestingly, enhanced acetone sensing performance was achieved for the hierarchical ZnO-DFs-2.5 (derived from 2.5 μL sulfuric acid-modified ZIF-8) with a distinguished acetone response (∼120.6 to 100 ppm at 350 °C), which was ∼30 times higher than that of pristine ZnO-DFs. Moreover, the sensors exhibited fast response time (∼0.95 s), low detection limit (∼50 ppb), and superior selectivity. The enhanced performance in hierarchical ZnO-DFs could be ascribed to the improved specific surface area and gas transport channels resulted from the damage of Zn–N bonds in pristine ZIF-8 under acidic conditions. This finding represents an alternative strategy for highly efficient acetone gas sensors and structural-functionalism of MOF-derived metal oxide catalysts.

Synthesis of porous ZnFe2O4/SnO2 core-shell spheres for high-performance acetone gas sensing

For developing promising gas sensing materials, constructing porous and heterojunction structures within the whole semiconductor oxide composites was an ideal strategy. However, it was always difficult because there existed grain boundaries. Herein, the pre-synthesized tiny SnO2 nanospheres could be evenly combined with ZnFe2O4 to form the ZnFe2O4/SnO2 (ZFO/SNO) composite with porous core-shell spheres structure via a simple solvent thermal reaction followed by the calcination treatment. Molar ratios of Zn to Sn were adjusted, and the resultant porous ZFO/SNO composites with different morphology were obtained, and their gas sensing properties were investigated and compared. The result indicated that the porous ZFO/SNO composite with a Zn to Sn ratio of 1:0.7 (ZFO/SNO-0.7) showed much better acetone sensing performance than that of bare porous ZnFe2O4 spheres and other ZFO/SNO composites. It exhibited a high response value of 120 to 100 ppm of acetone at 210℃ with good stability, and the detection limit can reach 0.1 ppm. The remarkable sensor performance of the porous ZFO/SNO-0.7 composite was attributed to its rich heterojunctions, porous structure and small nanoparticle size.

Design of Mn-SnO2 double-shell nanostructures for high-performance acetone gas sensor

• High-performance acetone sensor of double-shelled Mn-SnO 2 was prepared. • The response of Mn-SnO 2 towards acetone was as high as 75. • Mn-SnO 2 sensing mechanism was also discussed. In this study, a simple method to fabricate Mn-doped SnO 2 double-shell nanofibers by electrospinning was presented. The results demonstrated that Mn-SnO 2 nanofibers were unique tube-in-tube structures and possessed a high response of 75 towards 100 ppm acetone, which was higher three times than that of pure SnO 2 . It was believed that the excellent gas sensing properties of the sensor were that Mn-dopant dramatically enhanced the percentage of the defect-related oxygen species. The promising hollow double-shell structure was beneficial to gas absorption and penetration of oxygen and acetone molecules by offering more active sites. Hence, the Mn-doped double-shell nanofibers exhibited a promising application prospect in efficient sensing material in the future.

High-performance acetone sensor based on electrospun Tb-doped α-Fe2O3 nanotubes

Gas sensing requires precise gas detection, hence the need for the development of semiconductors with highly selective and sensitive properties. Herein, different amounts of Tb-doped Fe2O3 nanotubes (NTs) are successfully fabricated for detecting acetone gas using electrospinning followed by calcination at 550 °C. Specifically, the gas sensing investigation indicated that 5% Tb–Fe2O3 NTs to 50 ppm acetone reached 53.2 at 170 °C, which is 13 times higher than that of pure Fe2O3 NTs. In addition, the sensor also displays good selectivity and a low detection limit (200 ppb) for acetone. The significant increase in acetone sensing performance could be ascribed to hollow structures with a high specific surface area and the increase in oxygen vacancies by Tb doping. The proposed Tb-doped Fe2O3 NTs offer an effective strategy for fabricating a highly sensitive acetone sensor, which can work well at a relatively low temperature.

High performance acetone gas sensor based on ultrathin porous NiO nanosheet

This paper discusses the direct fabrication of ultrathin Ni(OH)2 nanosheets on substrates via a facile solvothermal process, which is free from the use of additional surfactants. The precursor is converted into porous NiO nanosheets via heat treatment. The thickness and morphology of the nanosheets is controlled by manipulating the ethanol content in the solvent. The acetone sensing performance of all samples has been evaluated, as observed, the 75% ethanol-based NiO gas sensor (NiO-75), demonstrates ultrahigh acetone sensitivity, the response value can reach 60%, when the NiO nanosheet sensor detects 100 ppb acetone gas, ultralow detection limit (0.8 ppb acetone), and good stability. The excellent sensing performance of the NiO nanosheets can be attributed to their porous structure, which provides a large surface area and crystal facet with affinity to acetone gas. Moreover, the porous structure facilitates the diffusion of gas samples and products to improve the acetone detection sensitivity. Furthermore, the NiO-75 sensor demonstrates superior acetone selectivity, against other interfering gases. The findings of this study indicate that low cost NiO nanosheets fabricated via a simple process could be considered as potential, candidates for use in commercial acetone sensing applications.,

Rational in situ construction of Fe-modified MXene-derived MOFs as high-performance acetone sensor

Acetone, with diverse applications in multiple areas, may pose a risk to industrial safety and human health. For the purpose of detecting the leakage and concentration of acetone, we have successfully prepared [MIL-125(Ti)/FexTiyOz]T-X (MFTT-X) gas-sensitive materials by in-situ solvothermal and calcination methods. Herein, the porous MIL-125(Ti) and FexTiyOz nanoparticles with intimate interfaces are grown on the template of exfoliated Ti3C2Tx nanosheets that simultaneously serve as the Ti source. The narrower bandgap, numerous surface defects, increased specific surface area, and mesoporous structure of MFTT-X composites are conducive to the diffusion and contact among acetone gas and active sites. The optimum MFT450-8 composite endows significantly enhanced sensitivity (R = 351.1) towards 100 ppm acetone at 222 °C, ultrafast response and recovery time (16 s / 5 s), good repeatability, and excellent selectivity. These results provide new insight into the design of high-performance sensing materials, modified with MXene derived MOFs, and analyzed the reaction mechanism of acetone that is relevant to MFT450-8 composite.

The effect of near-surface electron trapping layer on the acetone sensing performance of black TiO2 capped with ZnO

In recent years, high-performance acetone gas sensors have attracted great attention for their potential in noninvasive blood glucose monitoring. In this work, black TiO2 (B-TiO2) was introduced as an electron trapping layer between TiO2 and ZnO to form TiO2@B-TiO2@ZnO core–shell nanoparticles, through a simple and safe method. The acetone sensing performance of TiO2@B-TiO2@ZnO varied with the thickness of ZnO. Because of the electron trapping effect of the introduced B-TiO2 layer, the best performing sample exhibited a low optimal operating temperature of 275 °C and a high response of 49.25–50 ppm acetone. In addition, a low detection limit of 170 ppb was obtained. The pretty selectivity of the sample was also been proved. The mechanism of enhanced acetone response was explained by the energy band-based model of TiO2@B-TiO2@ZnO core–shell nanoparticle and depletion layer theory.

Gas sensor based on MOFs-derived Au-loaded SnO2 nanosheets for enhanced acetone detection

The development of high response, low detection limit and low-cost acetone sensors remains a great challenge so far. In this work, the high-performance acetone sensors based on Au nanoparticles (NPs)-loaded SnO2 porous nanosheets were successfully synthesized via metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) template method, which synthesis method is facile and meets the requirements of large-scale production. The acetone sensing characteristics of pristine SnO2 and Au-SnO2-based sensors are investigated. The optimized Au-SnO2-based sensor exhibits high response to acetone (Ra/Rg = 18.2 @100 ppm at 240 °C) with high selectivity and fast response/recovery time compared with that of pristine SnO2. Importantly, a fully reversible resistance signal with a low acetone concentration (1 ppm) can be detected, and the theoretical detection limit of the sensor is as low as 40 ppb. Finally, the enhanced acetone sensing performance of the Au-SnO2 sensor can be attributed to the increased specific surface area and chemically adsorbed oxygen, as well as the formation of Schottky junction between the Au and SnO2 interfaces.

Production of MFe2O4 (M = Zn, Ni, Cu, Co and Mn) multiple cavities microspheres with salt template to assemble a high-performance acetone gas sensor

In this study, a one-step chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method was used, utilizing template NaCl and dextrin as the porogen and structural support. The synthesized spinel MFe2O4 (M = Zn, Ni, Cu, Co and Mn) microspheres with multiple cavities structure were applied to the acetone gas sensor detection. Through the characterization of the sensitive materials, the average pore diameter of the microspheres was about 60 nm. Compare with other metal cations, when M = Zn or Ni, the MFe2O4 samples revealed the super gas sensitivity at working temperatures of 250 °C and 175 °C, and the response values to 100 ppm acetone were 25 and 24.3, respectively. In addition, they also exhibited excellent selectivity and long-term stability to acetone. The excellent gas sensitivity of ZnFe2O4 and NiFe2O4 could be attributed to the replacement of Fe with Zn and Ni ions to obtain a higher Fe3+/Fe2+ atomic ratio, thereby increasing the content of adsorbed oxygen. In summary, the gas sensing performance of spinel MFe2O4 oxide had been systematically studied by replacing Fe with other transition metals. The iron-containing spinel oxides are expected to be promising sensing material for gas sensors due to their rich elements and excellent activity.

Conversion of Fe2o3 from N to P Type Via Transition Metal (Cu, Zn) Doping for Preparation of High-Performance Acetone Sensor

Conversion of Fe2o3 from N to P Type Via Transition Metal (Cu, Zn) Doping for Preparation of High-Performance Acetone Sensor

Designed construction of PdO@WO3 core–shell architecture as a high-performance acetone sensor

In this study, a structurally well-designed PdO@WO3 core–shell, p–n heterojunction architecture was fabricated using a facile hydrothermal method. Its material characterization was performed via X-ray diffractometry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, electron scanning microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy analyses. Besides, the gas sensing properties of pure WO3, PdO–WO3, and PdO@WO3 nanocomposites were investigated. By benefiting from the unique synergistic effect between catalytic sensing and p–n heterojunction structure, the PdO@WO3 core–shell nanostructure showed considerably enhanced acetone sensing performance compared with the other structures; especially, its response toward 50 ppm acetone gas was up to 40, four times higher than that of the pure WO3 sensor. Its response/recovery times were also significantly reduced and its optimal operating temperature decreased from 250 °C to 200 °C. Finally, the possible sensing mechanism for the proposed PdO@WO3 core–shell, p–n heterojunction architecture is discussed here; the considerable enhancement in the acetone sensing capability could be attributed to its well-designed fabrication.