High Percentage Of Recovery Research Articles

A New Modified Carbon Paste Electrode for Selective Determination of Chromium(III) in Pharmaceutical Drugs and Food Samples

Background and Objective: This study presents a novel potentiometric method for the precise, accurate, selective, and rapid determination of Cr(III) ion concentration in different samples. Methods: A new ionophore, namely macrocyclic tetramide ionophore (MCTA), was synthesized through an inexpensive and straightforward approach, yielding a high-quality product. The (MCTA) ionophore was utilized as the active center in the preparation of modified carbon paste electrodes (MCPEs) to quantify the Cr(III) ion. The paste was made by adding graphite, MCTA, and plasticizer and mixing them in varying weight percent ratios. Results: The proposed electrodes, I and II, exhibited a trivalent Nernstian response of 20.029 ±0.57 and 20.3±0.56 mV decade-1 , respectively, with linearity of 1.0x10-7 – 1.0x10-2 and 1.0x10-5 – 1.0x10- 2 mol L-1 . Electrodes I and II were examined for their pH, response time, and thermal stability. In comparison to other mono-, bi-, and trivalent cations, starch, and sugars, the electrodes demonstrated a high degree of selectivity for Cr(III). The modified electrodes were used to determine the concentration of Cr(III) in various real samples, including drug tablets, juice extractions, and tap water, with acceptable recovery values. Conclusion: The results were compared with those obtained using the previously reported method, with no significant difference observed between them, as indicated by the F and t-test values. The data showed good accuracy and precision, as well as a high percentage of recovery. The adsorption capacity of the MCTA ionophore towards Cr(III) ions was also examined.

Electrochemical aptasensor for 2-amino-2-thiazoline-4-carboxylic acid (ATCA), a metabolite for cyanide poisoning

An alternative biomarker for assessing the cyanide levels in postmortem materials is crucial for investigating acute cyanide intoxication. Herein, an aptamer–ligand biorecognition system with high specificity was developed to detect acute cyanide poisoning via its secondary metabolite, 2-amino-2-thiazoline-4-carboxylic acid (ATCA). Potential aptamers were screened from a random library of 66-base single-stranded DNA using GO-SELEX, with individual aptamers being identified through single-stranded DNA sequencing. Molecular docking was employed to predict the affinity of these aptamers toward ATCA and selected counter-targets; these predictions were confirmed using thermodynamic analysis with an isothermal titration calorimeter. Owing to its label-free biomolecular binding interactions, Apt46 exhibited the highest affinity against ATCA and notable selectivity against structurally similar counter-targets. Thus, an amino-tagged Apt46 binding aptamer was attached to a carbon electrode modified with EDC–NHS-activated graphene oxide. The binding of Apt46 to ATCA was quantified by measuring current changes using differential pulse voltammetry. The aptasensor achieved a detection limit of 0.05 µg/mL and demonstrated suitability for detecting ATCA across various biological matrices, with the high recovery percentages ranging from 92.29 to 114.22%. Overall, the proposed ATCA aptasensor is promising for identifying ATCA metabolites in cases of acute cyanide exposure.

Analysis of Two Oncological Drugs Futibatinib and Capivasertib via Ion-Pairing With Eosin Y as a Spectrofluorimetric and Spectrophotometric Probe.

Using spectroscopy, two quick and sensitive analytical methods based on eosin Y ion pairing were developed and assessed in order to determine capivasertib and futibatinib with high selectivity and sensitivity. The quenching impact of futibatinib or capivasertib on the eosin Y's fluorescence at a pH 3.8 and 3.3 for futibatinib and capivasertib, respectively, in 0.1-M acetate buffer solution was observed using two spectrofluorometric techniques. These techniques are regarded as the original spectrofluorometric techniques for the assay of futibatinib and capivasertib. For futibatinib and capivasertib, the quenching effect on fluorescence was ranged from 100 to 1000 and 150 to 1500 ng mL-1, respectively. The absorbance of the generated ion-pair was measured using two different spectrophotometric methods at 550 nm in aqueous buffered solutions with pH values of 3.8 and 3.3 for futibatinib and capivasertib, respectively. In the concentration range of 1.0-10.0 and 2.0-10.0 μg mL-1, Beer's law was followed. The four approaches were applied to the analysis of dosage forms with a high percent recovery successfully, and they were assessed in compliance with ICH guidelines.

Label-Free Detection of Waterborne Pathogens Using an All-Solid-State Laser-Induced Graphene Potentiometric Ion Flux Immunosensor.

Waterborne pathogens are harmful microorganisms transmitted through water sources. Early and rapid pathogen detection is important for preventing illnesses and implementing stringent water safety measures to minimize the risk of contamination. This work introduces a miniaturized all-solid-state potentiometric ion flux immunosensor for the rapid and label-free detection of waterborne pathogens. A screen-printed silver/silver chloride electrode coated with a reference electrode membrane and polyurethane as an all-solid-state reference electrode was combined with a solid-state contact ion-selective electrode (ISE). An all-solid-state ISE was constructed on laser-induced graphene by coating it with a cationic marker and a carboxylated poly(vinyl chloride)-based membrane for immobilizing antibodies and controlling ion fluxes through the membrane. Proof-of-concept was achieved by detecting Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium using the assembled immunosensors within 10 min. The potentiometric response shift attributed to the blocking effect in the ion flux caused by pathogen-antibody interaction corresponded to pathogen concentration, indicating detection limits of 0.1 CFU/mL and working ranges of 0.1-105 CFU/mL. Furthermore, the developed sensors revealed high selectivity and were directly applied in groundwater and tap water without any sample preparation, demonstrating high recovery percentages. The simple operation and elimination of sample preparation are key benefits to further usability of the developed immunosensors for efficient pathogen detection.

Synthesis and Characterization of a Novel Modified Biosensor Carbon/Chitosan L-Leucine and Albumin Electrode for Bilirubin and Uric Acid Blood Detection

Bilirubin (BR) is a yellow-to-orange bile pigment produced by hemoglobin breakdown. It circulates in the blood, is absorbed by the liver, and then conjugated to form bilirubin diglucuronide. Its increased level in serum (Hyperbilirubinemia) may considered as an indication of certain diseases such as neonatal jaundice, hepatitis, and severe liver failure with cirrhosis. Thus, the monitoring of BR in plasma is clinically important. Herein, a novel carbon/chitosan paste electrode modified by L-leucine and Albumin (C/Chi-PL-BSA) is synthesized and tested for electrochemical sensitive determination of BR and Uric Acid. Significate sensitivity and important selectivity in the linear range of 1.00–150.00 μM for BR, and 10.00–600.00 μM for UA were obtained. Moreover, micromolar detection limits of 0.40 μM for BR and 1.00 μM for UA were achieved at pH13. The proposed oxidation mechanisms of BR and UA in alkaline media have been supported by DFT calculations at the B3LYP/ 6–31 G(d) level of theory. The easy preparation and high reproducibility made this electrode very appropriate in pharmaceutical preparations for the electrochemical determination of BR. Furthermore, Analyses using human serum were performed, demonstrating a high percentage of recovery.

Beneficial synergetic effect of feedstock characteristics and reaction conditions on bio crude production from hydrothermal liquefaction of mixed residential waste

Hydrothermal Liquefaction (HTL) is a promising method for sustainable waste management and renewable energy production, converting mixed feedstocks into bio-crude, a precursor to various biofuels. A study focused on Mixed Residential Waste (MRW) as an HTL feedstock investigated temperature ranges (280 °C-360 °C) and residence times (30 min–90 min), achieving a maximum bio-crude yield of 39.16% at 340 °C and 75 min. Also, a thorough investigation of the synergistic relationships between all subcomponents of the MRW feedstock was conducted and concluded that the mixed waste (MW) feedstock samples containing a higher proportion of food and plastic wastes and MRW sample presented with a co-liquefaction percentage (CE%) of around 60% and 107% respectively for production of bio crude. Also, solvents such as ethanol, glycerol and aqueous phase (AQ) were tested for their potential as hydrothermal mediums and found that bio crude yield of 46.19% was obtained in case of AQ phase recirculation. Further, the quantitative and qualitative effect of usage of four different catalysts were tested individually and in combination with AQ phase recirculation and found that, although individually Nanoporous ZnO and Diatomaceous Earth (DE) yielded bio crude in the range of 46.86% and 42.68% respectively, when used in combination, DE cat–HTL with AQ resulted in maximum bio crude yield of 54.35%. Furthermore, qualitatively, the bio crude from DE cat–HTL with AQ presented with a high carbon and energy recovery percentage of 62.20% and 72.95% respectively and a high hydrocarbon content of 58.98%.

A novel enzymeless electrochemical sensor based on Ni(OH)2–NiO(OH) nanoelectrocatalyst for sensitive and selective detection of uric acid in PBS simulated body fluid

Neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and Huntington's disease are increasing worldwide. Therefore, the development of a low-cost, highly stable, and portable device for rapid and accurate risk assessment of relevant biomarkers, especially uric acid (UA), by electrochemical detection is currently attracting much attention. Herein, an electrochemical enzymeless UA sensor based on highly active Ni(OH)2–NiO(OH) nanoelectrocatalyst decorated on polyaniline–carbon nanotubes (PANI-CNTs) nanocomposite film, which was modified on a commercial screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) by electrodeposition method for sensitive and selective detection of UA. The sensing behavior of the modified electrode (named Ni(OH)2–NiO(OH)/PANI-CNTs/SPCE) is examined in a simulated body fluid (phosphate buffer solution-PBS, 0.01 M, pH 7.4) using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) technique. The obtained results showed that the Ni(OH)2–NiO(OH)/PANI-CNTs/SPCE electrode exhibited outstanding electrocatalytic performance for the detection of UA at low potential (0.33 V vs. Ag/AgCl) without exhibiting interfering signals of dopamine (DA), glucose (Glu), ascorbic acid (AA) and urea. The sensor exhibited extra high sensitivity (386.8 μA mM−1 cm−2), high selectivity, good reproducibility, and durable stability with the ability to detect UA at both low (5–100 μM) and high (100–800 μM) levels with a very low detection limit down to 0.11 μM (individual detection of UA) and 0.29 μM (detection of UA in presence of DA) in a simulated body fluid. The recovery test using the proposed electrochemical sensor showed a high recovery percentage (>99.81 %), making it a viable option for practical applications.

Conducting Nickel Hydroxide Thin Film on Molybdenum Disulfide – Reduced Graphene Oxide Composite Electrode for Simultaneous Detection of Uric Acid, Dopamine and Ascorbic Acid

AbstractHerein we report the fabrication of a simple electrochemical sensor based on an electrode containing reduced graphene oxide and molybdenum disulphide (RGO/MoS2) as a conducting film onto the glassy carbon electrode (GCE) via a drop dry method to form GCE‐RGO/MoS2. The surface (GCE‐RGO/MoS2) was further modified with nickel hydroxide thin film using electrodeposition method to form GCE‐RGO/MoS2/Ni(OH)2. The materials and modification steps were thoroughly characterized using microscopy and spectroscopy methods. The composite electrode, GCE‐RGO/MoS2/Ni(OH)2, showed excellent electrocatalytic potential separation for the detection of dopamine, uric acid, and ascorbic acid. The electrocatalytic oxidation peak potentials were at 3 mV, 157 mV and 303 mV for AA, DA and UA, respectively. The composite electrode was also selective towards the determination of ascorbic acid (AA), dopamine (DA), uric acid (UA), and simultaneously in mixture of analytes. The low detection limits for AA, DA and UA were 1.17 μM, 0.15 μM and 1.15 μM, respectively. The composite electrode was applied for the detection of AA, DA and UA in spiked newborn calf serum samples with high percentage recoveries ranging from 96.6–100.8 % for AA, 92.8–104.2 % for DA and 99.4–102.3 % for UA.

A developed highly selective and sensitive electrochemical sensor using gold nanoparticles on Cerium Stannate/MXene as an electrode matrix for detection of metol in various environmental and biological samples

Metol (MTL) is a highly significant organic compound that plays a crucial role in numerous applications as a monochromatic material. It has an impact on humans, plants, and animals and it raises serious environmental concerns. The present scenario necessitates the development a rapid, cost-effective, precise, and specific method for detecting metol in environmental and biological samples. In this study, the electrochemical sensor was developed using a modified electrode based on the Au@Ce2Sn2O7/MXene nanocomposite. The nanocomposite was thoroughly examined through phase composition analysis, elemental analysis, and morphological studies. The modified electrode exhibits exceptional selectivity, cyclic stability, storage stability, and reproducibility. The proposed sensor shows a wide linearity range (0.00125 to 1021.96 μM), low detection limit (5.63 nM), and high sensitivity (0.403 μA·μM–1·cm–2). The suggested sensor's consistency was confirmed by real-time monitoring of MTL in several environmental and biological samples with a high percentage of recovery.

Comparative study of UV spectroscopy, RP-HPLC and HPTLC methods for quantification of antiviral drug lamivudine in tablet formulation

BackgroundIn the current study, estimation of lamivudine (LMU) by UV spectroscopy, reverse-phase HPLC (RP-HPLC) and HPTLC methods in tablet formulation was developed, and comparative studies between the methods were investigated by analytical results and statistical test analysis of variance (ANOVA) to find out best method. In the UV spectral method, LMU was quantified at 271 nm absorption maxima using methanol as the solvent. In the RP-HPLC method, the Shimadzu C18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm i.d., 5 µm particle size) was employed for chromatographic separation. The mobile phase used consists of methanol: water (70:30 v/v) in an isocratic mode with a 1.0 mL/min flow rate. In the HPTLC method, the chromatogram was developed on a pre-coated plate of silica gel 60 F254 with a mobile phase composition of chloroform: methanol (8:2 v/v). The quantification was performed at an absorbance mode of 271 nm by densitometry. The methods were validated according to the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guideline Q2 (R1). The degradation conditions were employed as per ICH guidelines Q1A(R2) and Q1B which include acid, alkaline, neutral, thermal and photostability to determine the intrinsic stability of the drug in varied environmental conditions.ResultsLMU absorption maxima was found to be 271 nm. The retention time of LMU was 3.125 min, and the total analysis time was 5 min. The Rf value of LMU was 0.49–0.62. The methods were linear within 2–12 μg/mL range. The correlation coefficient (r2) for UV, HPLC and HPTLC was 0.9980, 0.9993 and 0.9988, and percent recoveries were calculated as 98.40–100.52%, 99.27–101.18% and 98.01–100.30%, respectively, with percentage relative standard deviation (RSD) less than 2% showing that methods were precise and accurate.ConclusionDeveloped UV, RP-HPLC and HPTLC methods are free from intervention caused by excipients present in tablets and thus can be used for regular quantitative analysis of LMU in tablet formulation. Based on analytical results and statistical tests, ANOVA, it is inferred that the HPLC method is best for LMU quantification tablet formulation due to its high reproducibility, good retention time and sensitivity; it has a higher percent recovery and has less analysis time, i.e., 5 min. The degradation peaks were well separated from the LMU peak indicating stability of the HPLC method.

First-Order Derivative Spectrophotometry for Simultaneous Determination of Vitamin C and Nicotinamide: Application in Quantitative Analysis of Cocrystals.

Vitamin C (l-ascorbic acid, ASC) and the amide form of vitamin B3 nicotinamide (NIC) can form cocrystals through hydrogen bonding. Currently, there is a lack of fast and reliable alternatives for precisely quantifying cocrystal components and their purity. Spectrophotometric analysis for quantifying such vitamin preparations is challenging due to overlapping absorbance bands in a narrow wavelength range in the ultraviolet (UV) region. Moreover, ASC undergoes progressive degradation if not diluted in a proper medium, requiring stability during quantitative analysis. This study adopted a fast, simple, and reliable two-component spectrophotometric assay for simultaneously determining ASC and NIC based on the first-order derivative spectrophotometry (FODS) method using sodium oxalate as a stabilizer for vitamin C. The FODS method showed linearity between 2 and 24 μg·mL-1 and good precision. The standard addition method was employed to validate FODS, with high recovery percentages (96.5 to 102.4% for ASC and 95.3 to 101.9% for NIC). The FODS method was successfully applied to quantify ASC and NIC in bulk powder produced by the gas antisolvent method. The proposed method could estimate cocrystal purity through mass balance regarding the expected 1:1 stoichiometry, confirmed by PXRD and DSC. Cocrystal purity determined by the FODS method (58-100%) aligned well with results from LC-MS (62-100%), with an accuracy exceeding 97%. The FODS method is as sensitive and accurate as high-performance liquid chromatography for simultaneously determining vitamin concentrations deriving from cocrystals. However, it is less costly, more efficient, and a suitable alternative to classical solid-state methods for estimating cocrystal purity.

Binder-free and efficient voltammetric sensor based on Zn-Ca2CuO3 nanoparticles for simultaneous determination of amlodipine, acetaminophen, and ascorbic acid in hypertension patients.

Amlodipine (AM) is a long active calcium channel blocker used to relax blood vessels by preventing calcium ion transport into the vascular walls and its supporting molecules acetaminophen (AP) and ascorbic acid (AA) are recommended for hypertension control and prevention. Considering their therapeutic importance and potential side effects due to over dosage, we have fabricated a sensor for individual and simultaneous determination of AA, AP, and AM in pharmaceuticals and human urine using novel Zn-doped Ca2CuO3 nanoparticles modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE). Optimally doped Ca2CuO3 (2.5 wt% Zn at Cu site) enhanced the detection of target molecules over much wider concentration ranges of 50 to 3130 µM for AA, 0.25 to 417 µM for AP, and 0.8 to 354 µM for AM with the corresponding lowest detection limits of 14 µM, 0.05 µM, and 0.07 µM, respectively. Furthermore, the Zn-Ca2CuO3/GCE exhibited excellent selectivity and high sensitivity even in the presence of several potential interfering agents. The usefulness of the developed electrode was tested using an amlodipine besylate tablet and urine samples of seven hypertension patients under medication. The results confirmed the presence of a significant amount of AP and AM in six patients' urine samples indicating that the personalized medication is essential and the quantum of medication need to be fixed by knowing the excess medicines excreted through urine. Thus, the Zn-Ca2CuO3/GCE with a high recovery percentage and good sensitivity shall be useful in the pharmaceutical and biomedical sectors.

Reconstrucción y funcionamiento de horno crisol para fundición de chatarra de aluminio en Ayacucho

The general objective was to rebuild and put into operation the crucible furnace for smelting aluminum scrap at the National University of San Cristóbal de Huamanga – Ayacucho. The specific objectives were to evaluate the stages of the reconstruction regarding the modification of the design and operation of the crucible furnace for the smelting of aluminum scrap. Obtaining objects (finished products) through different molding techniques. Carry out material and energy balances using oil and gas as fuel. The level of research was technological experimental, and the analytical method was comparative. The design was explanatory experimental. 4 tests were carried out using oil as liquid fuel, then gas, thereby improving the aluminum smelting process, with a high recovery percentage. It was implemented with an automated control panel for the use of gas as fuel. Different molding techniques were also experimented with. The material balance, calculations of the kiln load and products, calculation of the fed air and gases leaving the kiln were carried out. It is recommended to continue with other research in the field of transformative metallurgy since one way to reduce aluminum pollution is by recycling it, which is why it is considered a sustainable metal.

Effective electrochemical detection of furazolidone based on iron tungstate decorated carbon black composite modified glassy carbon electrode

Furazolidone (FUZ), an antibiotic drug widely used to treat bacterial and protozoal infections, poses significant risks to human health and domestic animals. Therefore, detecting FUZ is crucial to prevent environmental contamination. In this study, Iron Tungstate (FeWO4) nanosheets were synthesized using the hydrothermal technique and anchored with Carbon black (CB) to form a FeWO4/CB nanocomposite. This composite was applied onto a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) for electrochemical FUZ detection. Material characterization involved various techniques such as field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), high resolution-transmission electron microscope (HR-TEM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDS), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Additionally, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), cyclic voltammetry studies (CV), and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) were conducted to assess the electrochemical behavior of the FeWO4/CB/GCE electrodes. The FeWO4/CB electrode demonstrated a low detection limit of 0.01 μM, a wide linear response range of 0.01–135 µM, and a higher sensitivity of 1.3 μA μM−1 cm−2. Moreover, the electrodes exhibited excellent repeatability, reproducibility, and stability. Practical application of the FeWO4/CB/GCE electrodes included the successful detection of FUZ in tap water and river water samples with a high recovery percentage. Additionally, these electrodes were utilized in the field of biotechnological applications for practical FUZ detection.

Enhancing simultaneous determination of some angiotensin II receptor antagonists and amlodipine in plasma using HPTLC with fluorescence densitometry: Independent fluorescence detection of the co-administrative drugs in the mixture across various pH conditions

A novel and highly sensitive high-performance thin-layer chromatographic (HPTLC) method was developed and validated to quantify a combination of five pharmaceutical mixtures spiked to human plasma. The compounds comprised Amlodipine (AML) along with five angiotensin II receptor antagonist drugs (AIIRAs), namely Olmesartan (OLM), Telmisartan (TLM), Candesartan (CAN), Losartan (LOS), and Irbesartan (IRB). HPTLC was performed on silica gel 60 F254 plates using a mobile phase of Toluene: ethyl acetate: methanol: acetone: acetic acid (6:1.5:1:0.5:1, v/v/v/v/v). In a pioneering move, a reflectance/fluorescence detection mode was employed to identify two concurrently administered drugs at different pH levels for the first time. This method utilized the same chromatographic system, incorporating a specific measurement for AML at a neutral medium to achieve its maximum fluorescence at a 360 nm excitation wavelength, and measuring emission using a 540 nm optical filter. The process involved obtaining a very low fluorescence response from AIIRA. Subsequently, to enhance AIIRA’s fluorescence, the plate was sprayed with perchloric acid to transition to a strong acidic medium, ultimately attaining the maximum fluorescence of AIIRA using various excitation wavelengths and a 400 nm emission filter. Through this strategic process, we could optimize the fluorescence signals of both drugs, thereby elevating the sensitivity of detection for this drug combination. AML demonstrated a linear range of 18–300 ng/band, while AIIRAs drugs exhibited a linear range of 6–150 ng/band. The method satisfied the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) criteria for recovery, precision, repeatability, and robustness, showcasing exceptional sensitivity. The approach was successfully applied to quantify AML and AIIRAs drugs in both bulk drug and plasma samples, achieving high recovery percentages and minimal standard deviations.

Electrochemical detection of tryptophan in pineapple fruit using a green and chemically synthesized PANI/CuO nanocomposite modified electrode

This study investigated the electrochemical detection of Tryptophan (Trp) in pineapple using a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with nanocomposites of green and chemically synthesized copper oxide-polyaniline (PANI/CuOgrn and PANI/CuOchm). Given the properties of PANI/CuOgrn and PANI/CuOchm that have never been applied in the detection of Trp, it indicates that the development of a highly sensitive and selective sensing platform for Trp-is necessary. Such a platform would take advantage of high electric conductivity, larger surface area, and improved catalytic activity of the nanocomposites. PANI/CuOgrn and PANI/CuOchm nanocomposites were formed by doping polyaniline (PANI) with green and chemically synthesized copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles. Using Debye-Scherrer the particle sizes of PANI/CuOgrn and PANI/CuOchm were found to be 15 nm and 13 nm, respectively. Through cyclic voltammetry (CV) and square wave voltammetry (SWV), the electrochemical behaviour of CuOch, CuOgrn, PANI/CuOchm, and PANI/CuOgrn electrodes was studied, with the focus on comparing the nanocomposites for tryptophan (Trp) catalysis. GCE-PANI/CuOchm showed a higher current response of 3.2 μA than GCE-PANI/CuOgrn. SWV was used to determine Trp, with the linear range of 5.11 μM to 25.85 μM and limit of detection (LOD) values of 3.947 and 2.037 μM for GCE-PANI/CuOchm, and 3.434 and 2.427 μM for GCE-PANI/CuOgrn. The GCE-PANI/CuOchm electrode achieved a recovered percentage of 96 % to 109 %, with an average RSD value of 18.3 (n=3), while the GCE-PANI/CuOchm electrode achieved a percentage recovery of 85 % to 103 % with an RSD value of 12.7 (n=3). The high recovery percentages for both electrodes confirm their dependability in detecting Trp. The high concentration of Trp-in the fruit and the electrode's sensitivity to identifying Trp-in actual sample analysis may account for the high recovery percentage observed.

Comparison of perioperative and functional outcomes of single-incision versus standard multi-incision robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy: a prospective, controlled, nonrandomized trial

To compare perioperative and functional outcomes between improved (port-free) single-site robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (pf-ssRARP) and standard multi-port robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (MPRARP). A total of 372 consecutive patients underwent RARAP using the da Vinci Si® robotic surgical system. Group I (n = 210) included patients undergoing pf-ssRARP and Group II (n = 162) included patients undergoing MPRARP. Demographics and perioperative data including postoperative recovery outcomes were recorded and compared between the two groups. Overall mean operative time was significantly shorter with the pf-ssRARP compared to the MPRARP (p < 0.05). The length of hospitalization after the pf-ssRARP was shorter (p < 0.05). In Group I, the positive surgical margin rate was 15.2%; while in Group II, the positive margin rate was 33.3% (p < 0.05). The rate of instant urinary continence was significantly higher in Group I than in Group II (p < 0.05). The percentage of urinary continence was higher in the pf-ssRARP than in the MPRARP, at 6 months post-surgery (p < 0.05) and 9 months post-surgery (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the proportion of erectile function in the pf-ssRARP and MPRARP groups at the time of reaching the endpoint of this study (p > 0.05). The two groups were comparable in terms of total hospitalization costs (p < 0.05). The improved (port-free) single-site robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy is a practical and easy technique to implement in clinical practice. Extraperitoneal implementation of the modified technique requires only a small incision, no special PORT, no additional auxiliary foramen creation, increased postoperative aesthetics and reduced hospitalization costs, and a high percentage of early postoperative urinary control recovery.

A sustainable sensitive spectrofluorimetric approach for the determination of the multipotent protein lactoferrin in different pharmaceuticals and infant milk formula: Compliance with greenness metrics.

The current study presents the first spectrofluorimetric approach for the estimation of lactoferrin, depending on the measurement of its native fluorescence at 337 nm after excitation at 230 nm, without the need for any hazardous chemicals or reagents. It was found that the fluorescence intensity versus concentration calibration plot was linear over the concentration range of 0.1-10.0μg/mL with quantitation and detection limits of 0.082 and 0.027 μg/mL, respectively. The method was accordingly validated according to the ICH recommendations. The developed method was applied for the estimation of lactoferrin in different dosage forms, including capsules and sachets with high percent recoveries (97.84-102.53) and low %RSD values (<1.95). Lactoferrin is one of the key nutrients in milk powder and a significant nutritional fortifier. In order to assess the quality of milk powder, it is essential to rapidly and accurately quantify the lactoferrin content of the product. Therefore, the presented study was successfully applied for the selective estimation of lactoferrin in milk powder with acceptable percent recoveries (96.45-104.92) and %RSD values (≤3.607). Finally, the green profile of the method was estimated using two assessment tools: Green Analytical Procedure Index (GAPI) and Analytical GREEnness (AGREE), which demonstrated its excellent greenness.

A highly sensitive first derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetric approach for the simultaneous analysis of the anti-breast cancer co-administered drugs, letrozole and tramadol in dosage forms and human plasma at nanogram levels

Letrozole is an anticancer medication prescribed for the management of estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer in postmenopausal women. Chronic pain is prevalent in patients receiving chemotherapy, leading to the use of adjuvant analgesics such as tramadol. This work introduces the first analytical approach for the concurrent quantification of letrozole and tramadol, two co-administered drugs, employing a rapid, highly sensitive, eco-friendly, and cost-effective first derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetric technique. The fluorescence of tramadol and letrozole was measured at wavelengths of 235.9 nm and 241.9 nm, respectively using a wavelength difference (Δλ) of 60.0 nm. The developed approach demonstrated exceptional linearity (r ˃ 0.999) within the specified concentration ranges for tramadol (10.0–1200.0 ng/mL) and letrozole (1.0–140.0 ng/mL). The results demonstrated that the proposed technique exhibits a high level of sensitivity, with detection limits of 0.569 and 0.143 ng/mL for tramadol and letrozole, respectively, indicating the good bioanalytical applicability. The within-run precisions, both intra-day and inter-day, for both analytes, were less than 0.71 % RSD. The developed approach was effectively applied to simultaneously estimate the mentioned drugs in their tablets and human plasma samples, achieving high percentage recoveries and low % RSD values. In order to assess the environmental sustainability of the developed approach, Analytical GREEnnessNNESS (AGREE) and the Green Analytical Procedure Index (GAPI) metric tools were employed. Both tools revealed that the developed approach is excellent green, suggesting its usage as an environmentally-friendly alternative for the routine assayof the investigated pharmaceuticals. The developed approach was validated according to the ICHQ2 (R1) requirements.

Impressive spectrofluorimetric framework for determination of newly approved anti-coagulant betrixaban using silver-nanoparticles; with assessment of blueness, whiteness and greenness.

A straight-forward, affordable, sensitive and ecologically friendly spectrofluorimetric method was introduced for the determination of the newly approved direct oral anticoagulant drug betrixaban (BXN) at the nano-scale level. The approach is based on turning on the fluorescence of BXN using silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). The synthesis of silver nanoparticles was based on the reduction capability of BXN in response to silver nitrate using polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as a stabilizing agent, and sodium hydroxide solution for promoting the continuity of the nucleation and growth processes of AgNPs. The synthesized AgNPs were recognized and characterized using UV/visible spectroscopy, Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), Zeta Potential, Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The fabricated AgNPs were found to enhance the fluorescence intensity of BXN, allowing its sensitive and precise quantitative determination at an emission wavelength of 369 nm after excitation at 303 nm. The proposed approach, verified in compliance with International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines, achieved linearity over a concentration range of 0.20–1.5 μg/mL with quantification and detection limits of 0.097 and 0.032 μg/mL, respectively. BXN was estimated in its pure form with a high percentage recovery of 100.52 % and a correlation coefficient of 0.9997. The studied approach was successfully applied for the assay of BXN in newly approved pharmaceutical dosage form with a high percentage of recovery (%Recovery = 100.20 %) and a low percentage of error (%Error = 0.96). Integration of white analytical chemistry was our emphasis in this study to provide sustainable analytical insight. Blueness (BAGI), whiteness (RGB Algorithm) and greenness (GABI and AGREE) of the evolved method were evaluated. An excellent white and green profile with satisfactory results and scores indicated the sustainability and impressive applicability of the evolved approach in pharmaceutical companies and quality control laboratories.