High Outflow Research Articles

Exploring the astrophysical conditions for the creation of the first r-process peak, and the impact of nuclear physics uncertainties

We present a study of nucleosynthesis for conditions of high Ye outflows from NeutronStar Mergers (NSMs). We investigate the effect of new beta-decay rates measurements and uncertaintiesin nuclear masses of the newly measured 84,85 Ga to the r-process nucleosynthesis calculations. The impactof these quantities to the production of the elements of the r-process abundance pattern for A < 100 isquantified and presented.

PD30-07 WHAT IS THE OPTIMAL URETEROSCOPE SHAPE TO REDUCE INTRAPELVIC PRESSURE?

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: Intrapelvic Pressure (IPP) during ureteroscopy is a function of fluid inflow and outflow. Ureteral access sheaths (UAS) have been shown to improve outflow and thereby reduce IPP during uretreoscope (US) use. Low IPP is thought to reduce pyelovenous backflow, bleeding, and sepsis. Given that maximal UAS diameter is limited by ureteral diameter, and US size is constrained by manufacturing technology and the size of the working channel, we sought to determine the optimal US cross section (CS) shape to reduce IPP. METHODS: Four US, each with the CS area of a 7.5 Fr circular US, were simulated within a 10 Fr UAS using COMSOL (COMSOL Inc., Stockholm, SWE) finite element analysis software. Volumetric flow rate in the US working channel is given by QUS=(Pirr-Pp)/RUS where Pirr is irrigation pressure at the scope tip, Pp is IPP, and RUS is hydrodynamic resistance. Assuming laminar flow, RUS is estimated by the Hagen-Poiseuille equation, RUS=128μlUS/(πdUS4). Here, μ is the viscosity of water and lUS and dUS are the length and the diameter of the scope. Flow from the pelvis occurs between the US and the UAS; expressed as QU=Pp/RUAS. Resistance when the cross-sections of both UAS and US are concentric and circular is well known (Figure, A). For other configurations, this resistance is solved by equations of motion in COMSOL. Steady state IPP is reached when the inflow equals outflow. RESULTS: For any given irrigation pressure, the lowest IPP and highest outflow was seen with an offset circular US (Figure, D) as this configuration had only 41% of the outflow resistance of a US in the center of a UAS. Time to steady state was roughly 5 minutes. By modifying the shape of the US to a circle with a 90° chord angle (Figure, C) the CS area of the US is reduced by 9% but the outflow resistance drops to only 60%. An elliptical CS provides more modest IPP reduction without sacrificing US CS area. CONCLUSIONS: The lowest IPP and highest outflow is seen with an offset circular US, followed by a US with a 90° chord angle. Small collapsible projections inside the UAS or on the shaft of a US could provide such an offset without affecting flow or stone basket extraction. Alternatively, a US could be constructed with a D shaped cross section. Modifying US shape is increasingly relevant as UAS diameter is limited to that of the ureter and modern US are so narrow that clinically meaningful diameter reduction is unlikely.Source of Funding: None

The Relationship between the Migrant Population's Migration Network and the Risk of COVID-19 Transmission in China-Empirical Analysis and Prediction in Prefecture-Level Cities.

The outbreak of COVID-19 in China has attracted wide attention from all over the world. The impact of COVID-19 has been significant, raising concerns regarding public health risks in China and worldwide. Migration may be the primary reason for the long-distance transmission of the disease. In this study, the following analyses were performed. (1) Using the data from the China migrant population survey in 2017 (Sample size = 432,907), a matrix of the residence–birthplace (R-B matrix) of migrant populations is constructed. The matrix was used to analyze the confirmed cases of COVID-19 at Prefecture-level Cities from February 1–15, 2020 after the outbreak in Wuhan, by calculating the probability of influx or outflow migration. We obtain a satisfactory regression analysis result (R2 = 0.826–0.887, N = 330). (2) We use this R-B matrix to simulate an outbreak scenario in 22 immigrant cities in China, and propose risk prevention measures after the outbreak. If similar scenarios occur in the cities of Wenzhou, Guangzhou, Dongguan, or Shenzhen, the disease transmission will be wider. (3) We also use a matrix to determine that cities in Henan province, Anhui province, and Municipalities (such as Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Chongqing) in China will have a high risk level of disease carriers after a similar emerging epidemic outbreak scenario due to a high influx or outflow of migrant populations.

Dense Cores, Filaments, and Outflows in the S255IR Region of High-mass Star Formation

Abstract We investigate at a high angular resolution the spatial and kinematic structure of the S255IR high-mass star-forming region, which demonstrated recently the first disk-mediated accretion burst in the massive young stellar object. The observations were performed with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) in Band 7 at an angular resolution of ∼ 0.″1, which corresponds to ∼180 au. The 0.9 mm continuum, C34S(7–6) and CCH N = 4 − 3 data show a presence of very narrow (∼1000 au), very dense (n ∼ 107 cm−3), and warm filamentary structures in this area. At least some of them represent apparently dense walls around the high velocity molecular outflow with a wide opening angle from the S255IR-SMA1 core, which is associated with the NIRS3 YSO. This wide-angle outflow surrounds a narrow jet. At the ends of the molecular outflow there are shocks, traced in the SiO(8–7) emission. The SiO abundance there is enhanced by at least 3 orders of magnitude. The CO(3–2) and SiO(8–7) data show a collimated and extended high velocity outflow from another dense core in this area, SMA2. The outflow is bent and consists of a chain of knots, which may indicate periodic ejections possibly arising from a binary system consisting of low- or intermediate-mass protostars. The C34S emission shows evidence of rotation of the parent core. Finally, we detected two new low-mass compact cores in this area (designated as SMM1 and SMM2), which may represent prestellar objects.

Demographic factor of intensification of innovation activity of Russian regions

The article presents an analysis of the influence of demographic factors on the development of innovations in the regions of Russia. The relevance of the study is associated with the fact that the Russian economy is distinguished by the presence of a large number of various problems that impede the rapid activation of innovative mechanisms. Not every region has opportunities for an innovative breakthrough. The purpose of the article is to compare the Russian regions (Kalmykia, Buryatia) in terms of the characteristics of the main demographic processes and their influence on the innovative development of regions. The article analyzes the following demographic indicators: population size, birth and death rates, age structure, working-age population, etc. The main research methods are the comparative method, analysis of statistical information. Analysis of the data presented showed that complex demographic processes are taking place in the republics. High migration outflow of the population, high mortality rate, a decrease in the share of the working-age population, migration of the rural population — all this affects the demographic potential of the region and, accordingly, the indicators of innovation development.

Physicians' Brain Drain: Investigating the Determinants to Emigrate Through Empirical Evidence

Purpose: The economic crisis in Greece has caused widespread suffering both in society and the economy. Among other things, new forms of geographical mobilities emerged highlighting the country's inability to retain a scientifically skilled workforce. One of the most important scientific branches been hit is the medical one. The purpose of this study is to identify the intention as well as the main factors that push young greek physicians to emigrate. Design/methodology/approach: For the present study, a tool for assessing young physicians' perceptions was designed and field research was performed on 239 medical school students and young physicians for up to 39 years. Descriptive and inferential statistical analysis was used to describe the data and generalize the results. Finally, Factor Analysis (Principal Component Analysis) was used to condense the initial variables and capture the determinants in physicians' brain drain. Findings: Young physicians show high intention to seek employment abroad. There are differences between men and women regarding their perceptions of the possible causes of emigration. Women consider more than men that unemployment, employment prospects, and opportunities and quality of life to be the most important reasons in the migratory decision. In addition, the young doctors whose family incomes are either very low or quite high are more receptive to looking for work abroad. Finally, the multivariate analysis highlights four main determinants feeding physicians decision-making; homeland's social identity, lack of prospects, unfavorable economic environment, and continuation of studies. Research limitations/implications: The period of the field research was conducted from September to November 2018. As a result, there are restrictions on whether participants' responses are affected by the economic crisis or not, as Greece in 2018 began to show macroeconomic stability. Originality/value: In the last decade, a large wave of young scientists' emigration has been recorded in Greece. This wave intensified in 2012 and became permanent in the following years, taking on large-scale exodus, with high annual outflows. Brain Drain as an evolving phenomenon has been studied both by the national and international academic community. However, in the case of Greece, the research of perceptions, intentions, and the main reasons for brain drain by medical professionals is limited. The present study seeks to fill the gap found in the literature through field research about the determinants of physicians' brain drain in Greece.

FEMALES IN GOVERNANCE AND CORPORATE TAX AVOIDANCE: THE MODERATING EFFECT OF ACCOUNTING CONSERVATISM

High cash outflow in the form of corporate taxes reduces the corporate firms’ liquidity, available funds for re-investment and growth opportunities. Corporate firms’ attention is therefore geared towards ensuring minimum tax liability. The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of females’ presence in the governance on corporate tax avoidance, moderating for the role of accounting conservatism. The study is based on the companies listed on the Nigerian Stock Exchange and utilised the ex-post factor research design. The panel corrected standard regressions was employed to test the hypothesis. Female CEO, percentage of female directors and presence of female in the audit committee have significant positive effects on tax avoidance. The moderating for accounting conservatism, the percentage of female directors on the board and female director presence in the audit committee remains significant. The findings may be of interest to the academic researchers, investors and regulators. For academic researchers, it is interested in discovering whether females’ presence in the governance affect tax avoidance and the moderating role accounting conservatism. For investors, it shows that women in the boardroom can improve the bottom line financial performance through tax reduction strategies.This study extends the existing literature by examining the mediating role of accounting conservatism on the relationship between females in governance and tax avoidance in the Nigerian context.

Groundwater geochemical facie: implications of rock-water interaction at the Chamba city (HP), northwest Himalaya, India.

The present study describes geochemical facie and implications of rock-water interaction at the groundwater of Chamba city. The influence of rock dominance at the groundwater may be due to its flow and longtime rock-water interaction, whereas atmospheric precipitation dominance owing to high recharge and continuous outflow of groundwater that cause a short time interaction. The comparison among Ca2+ + Mg2+ versus Na+ + K+ and total cations indicated carbonate weathering as a main ionic source relative to silicate weathering, due to rich lithology and higher dissolution capacity of carbonate minerals. The chloro-alkaline indices (CAI-1 and CAI-2) and scatter plot of (Ca2+ + Mg2+) - (HCO3- + SO42-) versus (Na+ + K+) - Cl- (meq/L) inferred the presence of ion exchange process causing adsorption of Ca2+ and release of Na+. The Ca2+ - Mg2+ - Cl-, Na+ - HCO3-, and Ca2+ - Mg2+ - HCO3- types of groundwater suggested permanent and temporary hardness in the region. The Ca2+ and Na+ are observed as the dominant cations whereas HCO3- and SO42- as the dominant anions. The parameters like NH4+, NO3-, F-, and Br- are generated from different natural sources. The groundwater is found to be suitable for drinking purposes based on water quality index (14.24-61.13) and the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS 2012) prescribed limit. The influence of carbonate minerals dissolution over TDS and salinity at groundwater of the city is also observed. The rock-water interaction confirmed mixing pattern of carbonate, silicate, and evaporites in the groundwater of the Chamba city.

Possible influences of a La Niña event on a continuous tropical cyclone landfall event in east China

Four tropical cyclones (TCs) formed over the western North Pacific (WNP) basin and continuously made landfall on the coastal areas of the eastern China mainland during July–August in 2018 and caused significant damage to the coastwise areas. Such a continuous TC landfall event affecting adjacent regions within a short period has never happened in previous decades, and the landfall event was attributed to anomalous environments over the WNP. During July–August in 2018, the dynamic and thermodynamic conditions were favorable for increased TC genesis, which is a prerequisite for the continuous TC landfall. However, the low sea surface temperature and high outflow temperature prohibited further intensification of the four landfall TCs. More importantly, the northwestward shift of the subtropical high and stronger monsoonal circulation resulted in anomalous easterlies that steered the four TCs toward the coastline of East China. Further investigation indicates that an earlier La Nina event that occurred from late autumn in 2017 to early spring in 2018 may have played a key role during the period. The robust monsoon circulation and enhanced precipitation over the low-latitudinal regions of the WNP basin were induced by the earlier La Nina event and provided advantageous conditions for TC genesis and movement, thus leading to the continuous TC landfall event. Significant negative correlations are found between the summer monsoon activity and earlier El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events. After an earlier La Nina event, more TCs are expected to form during the following summer such as in the scenario in 2018 due to the vigorous monsoonal circulation, which provides favorable large-scale environments. In addition, the abnormal Hadley circulation, which may be associated with the earlier La Nina event, shifted the subtropical high northward and resulted in the anomalous easterlies that steered the TCs toward East China.

A 10-year Retrospective Case-Series of Venous Thrombo-Embolism frequency in Patients Treated with Total Contact Casts

Category:DiabetesIntroduction/Purpose:Venous Thrombo-Embolism (VTE) is a recognized complication of lower limb immobilization. In the neuropathic patient total contact casting (TCC) is used in the management of acute charcot neuroathropathy and/or to off-load neuropathic ulcers. To our knowledge, there is currently no literature stating the prevalence of VTE in patients, despite the possibility of prolonged lower limb immobilization. There are also no recommendations regarding VTE prophylaxis in the setting of TCCs. We report a retrospective case series assessing the frequency of symptomatic VTE in the patients treated with TCCs. Given that diabetic foot disease manifests as one of many co-morbidities in this medically complex group of patients we hypothesize that the rate of occurrence of VTE should be higher than that of the general population.Methods:Patients undergoing TCC between 2006 and 2018 were identified using plaster room records. These patients subsequently had electronic clinical letters and radiological reports assessed for details around the TCC episode, past medical history and any VTE events.Results:There were 143 TCC episodes in 105 patients. Average age at cast application was 55 years. The mean time in a cast was 45 days (range from 5 days to 8 months). 3 out of 4 patients had neuropathy as a consequence of diabetes. One TCC related VTE (0.7% of casting episodes) was documented. This was a proximal DVT confirmed on USS 9 days following cast removal. Only 3 patients received VTE prophylaxis while in TCC.Conclusion:Despite these complex patients having a multitude of co-morbidities the frequency of VTE in the TCC setting remains similar to that of the general population. This may be due to the fact that TCCs permit weight bearing or that Charcot arthropathy leads to a high outflow state, potentially turning Virchow’s triad in the patient’s favour. This case series suggests that, while all patients should be individually VTE risk assessed as for any lower limb immobilization, chemical thromboprophylaxis is not routinely indicated in the context of TCCs.

Experimental and numerical study of the effect of pulsatile flow on wall displacement oscillation in a flexible lateral aneurysm model

This study experimentally and numerically investigated the effect of pulsatile flow of different frequencies and outflow resistance on wall deformation in a lateral aneurysm. A method for constructing a flexible aneurysm model was developed, and a self-designed piston pump was used to provide the pulsatile flow conditions. A fluid–structure interaction simulation was applied for comparison with and analysis of experimental findings. The maximum wall displacement oscillation increased as the pulsation frequency and outflow resistance increased, especially at the aneurysm dome. There is an obvious circular motion of the vortex center accompanying the periodic inflow fluctuation, and the pressure at the aneurysm dome at peak flow increased as the pulsatile flow frequency and terminal flow resistance increased. These results could explain why abnormal blood flow with high frequency and high outflow resistance is one of the risk factors for aneurysm rupture.

Internal flow analysis of a porous burner via CFD

Purpose This study aims to introduce a metal porous burner design. Literature is surveyed in a comprehensive manner to relate the current design with ongoing research. A demonstrative computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis is presented with projected flow conditions by means of a common commercial CFD code and turbulence model to show the flow-related features of the proposed burner. The porous metal burner has a novel design, and it is not commercially available. Design/methodology/approach Based on the field experience about porous burners, a metal, cylindrical, two-staged, homogenous porous burner was designed. Literature was surveyed to lay out research aspects for the porous burners and porous media. Three dimensional solid computer model of the burner was created. The flow domain was extracted from the solid model to use in CFD analysis. A commercial computational fluid dynamics code was utilized to analyze the flow domain. Projected flow conditions for the burner were applied to the CFD code. Results were evaluated in terms of homogenous flow distribution at the outer surface and flow mixing. Quantitative results are gathered and are presented in the present report by means of contour maps. Findings There aren’t any flow sourced anomalies in the flow domain which would cause an inefficient combustion for the application. An accumulation of gas is evident around the top flange of the burner leading to higher static pressure. Generally, very low pressure drop throughout the proposed burner geometry is found which is regarded as an advantage for burners. About 0.63 Pa static pressure increase is realized on the flange surface due to the accumulation of the gas. The passage between inner and outer volumes has a high impact on the total pressure and leads to about 0.5 Pa pressure drop. About 0.03 J/kg turbulent kinetic energy can be viewed as the highest amount. Together with the increase in total enthalpy, total amount of energy drawn from the flow is 0.05 J/kg. More than half of it spent through turbulence and remaining is dissipated as heat. Outflow from burner surface can be regarded homogenous though the top part has slightly higher outflow. This can be changed by gradually increasing pore sizes toward inlet direction. Research limitations/implications Combustion via a porous medium is a complex phenomenon since it involves multiple phases, combustion chemistry, complex pore geometries and fast transient responses. Therefore, experimentation is used mostly. To do a precise computational analysis, strong computational power, parallelizing, elaborate solid modeling, very fine meshes and small time steps and multiple models are required. Practical implications Findings in the present work imply that a homogenous gas outflow can be attained through the burner surfaces while very small pressure drop occurs leading to less pumping power requirement which is regarded as an advantage. Flow mixing is realizable since turbulent kinetic energy is distinguished at the interface surface between inner and outer volumes. The porous metal matrix burner offers fluid mixing and therefore better combustion efficiency. The proposed dimensions are found appropriate for real-world application. Originality/value Conducted analysis is for a novel burner design. There are opportunities both for scientific and commercial fields.

A Migrant Flow Pension Model for Small Open Economies

Securing pensions relates to careful planning, which in turn requires adequate predictions. Among the many factors in an increasingly globalized world that impede adequate predictions is the factor of migrant flows. To date, most pension models do not consider migrant worker cohort flows. This has critical implications, particularly for pension planning in small open economies with a high inflow and outflow of migrant workers. To close that gap, the article provides a highly innovative model that considers not only population aging but also the cohort of cross-border workers and their entitlement to a partial pension in the future. It is doing that through forecasting pension cohorts annually for the native population, cross-border workers, and net migrations. Based on demographic variables, the article develops an enabling framework for policymakers. This framework outlines a set of scenarios for the long-term sustainability of pension systems in small open economies. The framework also offers important insights for larger economies with high levels of migrant flows. TOPICS:Pension funds, emerging markets, retirement

Modeling the Influence of Outflow and Community Structure on an Endangered Fish Population in the Upper San Francisco Estuary

The aim of this community modeling study was to evaluate potential mechanisms by which freshwater outflow in the upper San Francisco Estuary, CA, controls the fall habitat and abundance of subadult delta smelt Hypomesus transpacificus and its community. Through analyses of the community matrix, community stability and the direction of change of community variables were qualitatively and quantitatively modeled under four outflow–input scenarios. Three subsystems were modeled in the low salinity zone (1–6 psu), each overlapping the location corresponding to the distance from the mouth of the estuary to upstream positions where the near-bottom 2 psu isohaline (X2) is at 74, 81, and 85 km (corresponding to high-, mid-, and low-outflows). Results suggested communities were qualitatively stable at each X2 position, but simulations showed the percent of stable models decreased from low- to high-X2 positions. Under all outflow–input scenarios, the predicted qualitative population responses of delta smelt were: (1) consistently positive for the low X2 position, and (2) uncertain under both mid- and high-X2 positions. Qualitative predictions were generally consistent with quantitative simulations and with the relations between relative abundance of delta smelt and X2. Thus, high outflow seems beneficial to subadult delta smelt when X2 reaches 74 km during fall.

Arthroscopic Treatment of Pigmented Villonodular Synovitis of the Hip Using Puncture Capsulotomy

Pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS) is a monoarticular, benign tumor arising from the synovium. Although classically treated with open synovectomy, arthroscopic treatment has demonstrated good clinical outcomes. The arthroscopic management of hip PVNS has been described as technically challenging due to difficulty obtaining the appropriate exposure. The purpose of this technical report is to describe a novel technique that allows for sound excision of PVNS during hip arthroscopy using a puncture capsulotomy. Full visualization throughout the central and peripheral compartments is key to achieving meticulous surgical excision and ablation, with careful attention to the medial and lateral synovial folds and gutters. It is important to avoid chondral injury by using a high outflow rate of irrigation to maintain a constant temperature, to ablate the blood supply of nodular lesions, and to not use a shaver as this may disseminate tumor cells. Multifactorial advancements in hip arthroscopy have permitted adequate visualization and exposure of PVNS lesions, making them amenable to arthroscopic synovectomy. Puncture capsulotomy does not require capsular closure, preserves the iliofemoral ligament, and minimizes exposure of extra-articular structures to the hip joint environment. Recurrence rates are lower in arthroscopic management compared with open management, at 7.7% and 17.8%, respectively.

New Approaches in Biological Wastewater Treatment Aimed at Removal of Organic Matter and Nutrients

Abstract The article presents the developed anaerobic-aerobic wastewater treatment technologies. These technologies aimed at removing the organic matter, nitrogen and phosphorus by means of microorganisms immobilized on fibrous carrier surfaces. The results of the laboratory research show the high efficiency of milk wastewater treatment. The following degrees of reduction were achieved for the pollutant indicators: COD -86.7-93 %, total nitrogen - 96.9-97.9 %. Compared to the traditional treatment technologies applied in Ukraine, these values are high. The concentration of organic matters and biomass of not attached bacteria decreased in bioreactor chambers. When the purification process ends, a small amount of excess biomass remains; therefore, its self-oxidation and self-regulation occurs as a result of consumption by the organisms occupying higher levels of trophic chains. The use of anaerobic-aerobic bioreactors system for the treatment of wastewater enables achieving high outflow quality and prevents the suspended substances from slipping. Immobilization of microorganisms on the first stage of the technology prevents the formation of big amount of excessive sludge and removes biomass from the bioreactor, which allows the technology even for the heavily polluted wastewater. In reactors containing immobilized microorganisms, the organic matter compounds used in subsequent reactors for phosphate accumulation are split. The presented biotechnology saves electric energy, provides sufficient quality of treatment, and ensure the compliance of treated wastewater with the effluent standards.

Enhancing heat production by managing heat and water flow in confined geothermal aquifers

Doublet-well systems are widely used to exploit geothermal energy and maintain aquifer pressure. Well placement is a primary optimization target to enhance the geothermal energy production. However, there is a lack of general principles to locate the wells considering both regional groundwater flow and density-driven flow. This study investigated the optimized well placement against the natural status of fluid and heat transport in the confined geothermal aquifer. The natural status of fluid and heat transport is revisited and categorized into four types: forced convection, free convection, mixed convection and conduction. In forced convection system the low-temperature water injection well located down-gradient to the extraction well can reduce the low-temperature breakthrough. In conduction system, the extraction well located in the deeper zone of a confined aquifer can yield high outflow temperature. In free-convection system the low-temperature water injecting in the deeper zone in the aquifer and the extraction section in the shallower zone are preferred, as the injected low-temperature water can move downward, and after heated, is extracted from the production well. These results can help determine the relative positions of extraction and injection sections in the confined geothermal aquifer according to the initial fluid and heat patterns.

Experimental results from the Bathμ-wave rotor turbine performance tests

Abstract This paper details an extensive experimental investigation of a novel throughflow micro-wave rotor with symmetrically cambered passage profiles designed for shaft power output as well as pressure exchange. This is the first time comprehensive experimental data from a power generating wave rotor is presented in a peer-reviewed journal. Moreover, the significance and renewed interest in wave rotors for a wide range of applications from refrigeration to micro-gas turbines makes this experimental programme extremely valuable to many fields of research. The wave rotor is a four port, three-cycle unit of 60 mm in diameter, 30 mm in length and houses 46 channels. The unit was experimentally tested on a gas stand in open-loop configuration using electrical heaters as a source of heat for the high pressure inlet and pressurised air for both inlet ducts. Throughout testing, the mass flow rates among high pressure in- and outlet were balanced. A series of tests were conducted investigating the effect of variation in rotational speed, ratio of inlet mass flow rates (loop flow ratio), axial clearances and peak inlet temperature on wave rotor performance. The results show the importance of minimum axial clearance for maximum energy transfer as well as for reduced mixing of hot and cold flows. The competing relationship between pressure ratio, high pressure zone pressure difference, internal exhaust gas recirculation and fresh air exhaustion is also highlighted. Finally, measurements of the temperature distributions in the high pressure outflow show the effect of rotational speed, loop flow ratio and centrifugal forces on the fresh air stream location and its mixing with the hot gas stream. A peak shaft power of 450 W and a peak pressure ratio of approximately 1.63 were obtained close to the design speed that were in line with expectations for clearances and temperatures under investigation. Using a new approach to calculating efficiency that assumes equal values for expansion and compression, a peak figure of 80% was obtained indicating the superiority that such designs have over similarly sized traditional turbomachinery.

Alcohol septal ablation in hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy: a case with a very high left ventricular outflow tract gradient

For more than years alcohol septal ablation ASA has shown to be a safe and effective procedure in the treatment of hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy HOCM with results similar to those of surgical myectomy To our knowledge we present the first documented case of a HOCM with a very high left ventricular outflow tract LVOT gradient gt mm Hg managed with ASA with a decrease of gt of gradient after the procedure

Multi-phase outflows in Mkn 848 observed with SDSS-MaNGA integral field spectroscopy

Aims. The characterisation of galaxy-scale outflows in terms of their multi-phase and multi-scale nature, amount, and effects of flowing material is crucial to place constraints on models of galaxy formation and evolution. This study can proceed only with the detailed investigation of individual targets. Methods. We present a spatially resolved spectroscopic optical data analysis of Mkn 848, a complex system consisting of two merging galaxies at z ∼ 0.04 that are separated by a projected distance of 7.5 kpc. Motivated by the presence of a multi-phase outflow in the north-west system revealed by the SDSS integrated spectrum, we analysed the publicly available MaNGA data, which cover almost the entire merging system, to study the kinematic and physical properties of cool and warm gas in detail. Results. Galaxy-wide outflowing gas in multiple phases is revealed for the first time in the two merging galaxies. We also detect spatially resolved resonant Na ID emission associated with the outflows. The derived outflow energetics (mass rate, and kinetic and momentum power) may be consistent with a scenario in which both winds are accelerated by stellar processes and AGN activity, although we favour an AGN origin given the high outflow velocities and the ionisation conditions observed in the outflow regions. Further deeper multi-wavelength observations are required, however, to better constrain the nature of these multi-phase outflows. Outflow energetics in the North-West system are strongly different between the ionised and atomic gas components, the latter of which is associated with mass outflow rate and kinetic and momentum powers that are one or two dex higher; those associated with the south-east galaxy are instead similar. Conclusions. Strong kiloparsec-scale outflows are revealed in an ongoing merger system, suggesting that feedback can potentially impact the host galaxy even in the early merger phases. The characterisation of the neutral and ionised gas phases has proved to be crucial for a comprehensive study of the outflow phenomena.