Highest Maximum Principal Stress Research Articles

Development of Compaction Localization in Leitha Limestone: Finite Element Modeling Based on Synchrotron X‐Ray Imaging

AbstractThe mechanical behavior and failure mode of porous rocks vary with their microstructures. The formation of compaction bands (CBs) has been captured with high precision via in situ synchrotron CT and kinematic characteristics can be attained by image analysis. However, the stress characteristics cannot be directly evaluated from images, and how porosity heterogeneity triggers local instability and leads to the formation of CBs is not yet fully understood. To address this problem, we established a finite element (FE) model of the solid skeleton of a Leitha limestone sample based on X‐ray μCT data, considering the heterogeneity of pores and plastic hardening, and reproduced the evolution of strain localization and CBs. Our results revealed that the heterogeneity of porosity has a profound influence on the formation and propagation of CBs. Precursory stresses always appear very early around the pores where compaction bands develop, and the stress state of most points in CBs is quasi‐uniaxial compression, which has significantly high maximum principal stress σ1 in a direction subparallel to the sample axis, causing yield then compaction failure. Also, using a simplified FE mesh and ignoring the fracture of particles underestimate the extreme stress and porosity reduction—these can be improved by using fine mesh and involving grain‐scale fracture mechanics. Our study proves the feasibility and reliability of the CT‐FE simulation scheme, which can be extended to investigating the stress distribution and evolution of different rock types with a spectrum of failure modes if in situ CT data of rock deformation is available.

Assessment of peri-implant bone stress distribution with the effect of attachment type and implant location using finite element analysis.

The objective of the current research was to evaluate how stress is distributed in the peri-implant bone of a mandibular overdenture with implants placed asymmetrically to the midline. A 26-year-old male's mandible, with missing teeth, was examined using computed tomography (CT) scanning. Two implants were inserted at right angles to the occlusal plane, in the positions of the right canine and left lateral incisor of the mandible, with an internal connection. Two types of attachments (bar and ball) were designed. To simulate the clinical condition, anterior (on central incisors) and bilateral posterior (on premolars and molars) loadings were applied. The stress distribution was assessed using finite element analysis (FEA). The lateral incisor level implant was found to have the highest maximum principal stress (about 33 MPa) in both models in the anterior loading condition. However, in both models, the canine-level implant revealed more stress values (about 22 MPa) in the posterior loading condition. In mandibular implant-supported overdentures, when implants were placed asymmetrically to the midline, one acted as a fulcrum and sustained more occlusal load. The bar attachment system did not reveal superior results in terms of stress distribution compared to the ball attachment.

Mechanism of balloon burst during transcatheter aortic valve replacement pre-dilatation: Image observation and validation by finite element analysis

BackgroundBalloon burst during transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is serious complication. This study pioneers a novel approach by combining image observation and computer simulation validation to unravel the mechanism of balloon burst in a patient with bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) stenosis. MethodA new computational model for balloon pre-dilatation was developed by incorporating the element failure criteria according to the Law of Laplace. The effects of calcification and aortic tissue material parameters, friction coefficients, balloon types and aortic anatomy classification were performed to validate and compare the expansion behavior and rupture mode of actual balloon. ResultsBalloon burst was dissected into three distinct stages based on observable morphological changes. The mechanism leading to the complete transverse burst of the non-compliant balloon initiated at the folding edges, where contacted with heavily calcified masses at the right coronary sinus, resulting in high maximum principal stress. Local sharp spiked calcifications facilitated rapid crack propagation. The elastic moduli of calcification significantly influenced balloon expansion behavior and crack morphology. The simulation case of the calcific elastic modulus was set at 12.6 MPa could closely mirror clinical appearance of expansion behavior and crack pattern. Furthermore, the case of semi-compliant balloons introduced an alternative rupture mechanism as pinhole rupture, driven by local sharp spiked calcifications. ConclusionsThe computational model of virtual balloons could effectively simulate balloon dilation behavior and burst mode during TAVR pre-dilation. Further research with a larger cohort is needed to investigate the balloon morphology during pre-dilation by using this method to guide prosthesis sizing for potential favorable outcomes.

A strength-stress coupling criterion for rockburst: Inspirations from 1114 rockburst cases in 197 underground rock projects

Rockburst is a kind of engineering geological disaster induced by artificial engineering excavation. Qualitative and quantitative statistical analysis of rockburst cases is the primary work and research basis for rockburst prediction and discrimination. In this study, 1114 rockburst cases are collected and the qualitative and quantitative characteristics are analyzed. It is found that rockburst is prone to occur in rocks that are hard, complete, dry, and unweathered. Strong rockburst occurs more frequently in rocks with high uniaxial compressive strength (σc), elastic modulus, and elastic energy index, and in rock masses with high initial maximum principal stress (σ1)and tangential stress. Notably, rockburst may occur only when σc≥ 60 MPa and σ1≥ 10 MPa. On this basis, the “Human–Rock–Environment” three-element mechanism of rockburst is presented. Guided by this conception, the rationality and defects of the traditional strength-stress ratio (SSR) criterion are investigated. The SSR criterion does not adequately consider the absolute difference between the rock strength and geostress, as well as their combined effects. Subsequently, a strength-stress coupling (SSC) criterion is proposed from a two-dimensional scale.This criterion is characterized by considering both the absolute boundary conditions of σcand σ1, as well as their coupling interval. Five intervals of weak, weak–moderate, moderate, moderate–strong, and strong rockburst are divided in the two-dimensional chart and their distinguishing conditions are given. The existence of two transition zones for weak–moderate and moderate–strong reflects the coupling effect of rock strength and geostress when rockburst occurs, confirming the rationality and scientificity of the SSC criterion. The verification results show that the SSC criterion features higher accuracy as compared with the SSR criterion.

Determination of In Situ Stress by Inversion in a Superlong Tunnel Site Based on the Variation Law of Stress — A Case Study

The Sejila tunnel, part of the Sichuan-Tibet railway, is in a complex geostress environment because of its deep burial depths and tectonic movement. Based on the measured stress data combined with the structural history and features, the stress characteristics of the Sejila area are preliminarily identified. Then, a three-dimensional numerical model that can provide real topographic features is established, and a distribution law of stress boundary conditions is proposed according to compilations of much measured stress data. By means of support vector regression (SVR), the stress field of the whole Sejila region is determined and finds a reasonable accordance with the measured stress data. Results show that the vertical stress in deep buried stratum can be approximately regarded as one of the principal stresses, and it is reasonable to apply the lateral stress to the model boundary according to a linear function with burial depth. The in situ stress in the tunnel site exhibits that σH >σV >σh, and the σH direction deflects when it encounters faults or strata interfaces; the larger that the intersecting angle between fault strike and σH is, the smaller the deflection. Compared to the entrance, the rear of the tunnel is subjected to a high maximum principal stress with a high angle; moreover, most sections of the tunnel are estimated to suffer from severe rockbursts, except for a range of 5 km away from the tunnel entrance and 2.5 km away from the exit, according to the Russense criterion. This paper can provide the basis for the prediction and prevention of rockbursts in the Sejila tunnel.

Analysis Of Stress And Deformation In Parametric Furniture Using The Finite Element Method

One method of designing furniture is to use parametric design. Parametric design method is a design method in which design uses certain patterns. With the parametric design method, furniture that is very good in shape and aesthetics is produced, one of which is parametric TV table furniture. TV table is a type of furniture that has the function of placing a TV, multimedia supporting tv, mini library, and storage of other mini equipment. To carry out its function, furniture must also be tested for strength, one of which uses the finite element method with the help of ANSYS software version 18.1. The analysis aims to determine the stress and deformation. The simulation results with loads of 400N, 600N, 800N and 1.000N are maximum equivalent stress of 7,05x10-5 Pa, 1,05x106 Pa, 1,41x10-6 Pa, and 1,76x10-6 Pa. The highest maximum principal stress is equal to 1,16x10-5, 1,75x10-5, 2,33x10-5, and 2,92x10-5. Total deformation of 8,27x10-6m, 1,24x10-5m, 1,65x105m, and 2,06x10-5m. The conclusion of this study shows that the results of stress and deformation analysis have no change in shape and failure in load bearing. This shows that parametric TV table furniture can perform its function by being able to withstand TV loads and other furniture until 100Kg (1.000N) with safety factor 1,8.

Numerical simulation and analysis of the thermal stresses of a planar solid oxide electrolysis cell

ABSTRACT Hydrogen production using solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOECs) is a highly efficient and low-carbon pathway to generate high purity hydrogen. However, high working temperatures may result in high thermal stress due to a mismatch in the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) between components with a nonuniform temperature distribution. Serious stress concentration may lead to structural failure of the SOEC stack. Hence, this work investigated the thermal stress of SOECs through a three-dimensional planar SOEC unit model. A stress analysis method was proposed via a multi-physics coupling model of SOECs using Comsol Multiphysics software. The impacts of voltage, flow direction, water mole fraction, and operating pressure on the thermal stress were evaluated. Numerical results show that the highest maximum principal stress is located in the electrolyte in the SOEC unit. Raising the water mole fraction and the CTE of the electrolyte could reduce the thermal stress if the voltage is below the thermoneutral voltage.

Ballistic Impact Analysis of Graphene Reinforced Kevlar-29 and Kevlar-129 Laminated Composites

Aircraft goes through various high-speed hindrances like bird attacks, etc. Kevlar is increasingly used in the aviation industry to overcome such hindrances. Kevlar, an organic fibre from the family of aromatic polyamides consists of Kevlar 29, Kevlar 129, Kevlar 49 and Kevlar 149. This paper focuses on the use of Kevlar 29 and Kevlar 129 due to its low stiffness in comparison with Kevlar 49 and Kevlar 149. When pure Kevlar 29 and Kevlar 129 with 20 layers each are impacted with a 9g bullet at 900m/s velocity, the bullet perforates the laminate completely. Hence, the Kevlar layers are reinforced with graphene nanoplates. The bullet impact simulation of the ‘single-layer Kevlar 29 reinforced with single-layer graphene nanosheet’ (K29G), ‘single layer Kevlar 129 reinforced with single-layer graphene nanosheet’ (K129G), ‘double layer Kevlar 29 reinforced with double-layer graphene nanosheets’ (KK29GG) and ‘double layer Kevlar 129 reinforced with double-layer graphene nanosheets’ (KK129GG) is carried out using LS-DYNA. Maximum principal stress, effective stress, absorbed energy and displacement of the composite laminates (K29G, K129G, KK29GG and KK129GG) are used to compare the performance of these four laminates in the targeted applications. Due to its higher maximum principal stress, effective stress and lower displacement, the composite laminate K29G proves to be the apt laminate for its usage in aircrafts.

The influence of framework material on stress distribution in maxillary complete-arch fixed prostheses supported by four dental implants: a three-dimensional finite element analysis

The purpose of the present study was to compare the stress distribution patterns of four materials used for the framework of All-on-4 prostheses. Following framework materials were evaluated: PEKK, PEEK, titanium, and monolithic zirconia. Bilateral 150 N axial and oblique loads were applied in the first molar region and analyzed using FEA. The highest maximum principal stress and minimum principal stress values in cortical bone were found to appear with PEKK and PEEK frameworks around the posterior dental implants upon oblique loading. The fabrication of frameworks from rigid materials in All-on-4 prostheses reduces stress in dental implants and peri-implant bone when the distal implants are tilted 30°.

Comparison of the Stress Distribution in Class I and Class II Amalgam and Bulk-Fill Composite Restorations Using CAD-FEM Modeling.

This study compares the mechanical strengths of bulk-fill composite resin and amalgam material to investigate the stress distribution and capacity to mitigate stress of restored Class I and Class II teeth under chewing loads, using finite element analysis. A 3D model of a human mandibular first molar and four Class I (C1) and Class II (C2) caries, including 95-degree cavity-margin angles, were created. Different material combinations were simulated: model C1-A and C2-A, with an amalgam material; and model C1-C and C2-C, with a bulk-fill composite resin. Solid 3D elements with four grid points were employed for modeling the tooth. A vertical occlusal load of 600 N was applied, and nodal displacements on the bottom cutting surfaces were constrained in all directions. All materials were assumed to be isotropic and elastic, and a static linear analysis was performed. The highest maximum principal stress was observed in C2-C, followed by C1-C, C2-A, and C1-A, respectively. The maximum principal stress load on the lingual cusp was recorded at the junction of the lingual margin (C1-C and C2-C), and stress was recorded on the line of restoration and enamel (C1-A and C2-A). Restoration materials and cavity preparations influence the stress distribution at the restoration-tooth interface and, consequently, the measured bond strength.

Finite element modeling to predict procedural success of thoracic endovascular aortic repair in type A aortic dissection.

ObjectiveThoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) is recommended for type B aortic dissection and recently has even been used in selected cases of proximal (Stanford type A) aortic dissections in scenarios of prohibitive surgical risk. However, mechanical interactions between the native aorta and stent-graft are poorly understood, as some cases ended in failure. The aim of this study is to explore and better understand biomechanical changes after TEVAR and predict the result via virtual stenting.MethodsA case of type A aortic dissection was considered inoperable and selected for TEVAR. The procedure failed due to stent-graft migration even with precise deployment. A novel patient-specific virtual stent-graft deployment model based on finite element method was employed to analyze TEVAR-induced changes under such conditions. Two landing positions were simulated to investigate the reason for stent-graft migration immediately after TEVAR and explore options for optimization.ResultsSimulation of the actual procedure revealed that the proximal bare metal stent pushed the lamella into the false lumen and led to further stent-graft migration during the launch phase. An alternative landing position has reduced the local deformation of the dissection lamella and avoided stent-graft migration. Higher maximum principal stress (>20 KPa) was found on the lamella with deployment at the actual position, while the alternative strategy would have reduced the stress to <5 KPa.ConclusionsVirtual stent-graft deployment simulation based on finite element model could be helpful to both predict outcomes of TEVAR and better plan future endovascular procedures.

Evaluation of Maximum Principal Stress, Von Mises Stress, and Deformation on Surrounding Mandibular Bone During Insertion of an Implant: A Three-Dimensional Finite Element Study.

AimThe present study evaluated maximum principal stress, von Mises stress, and deformation on the mandible and surrounding structures during the insertion of an implant in various anatomical positions.Materials and MethodsFinite element models of straight two-piece implants of 4.5 mm × 11.5 mm were modeled using Ansys software, v. 16.0 (Ansys, Inc., Houston, TX, USA). The mandibular model was derived through cone-beam computed tomography of a cadaveric mandible using Mimics software (Materialise NV, Leuven, Belgium). An osteotomy was performed at the first molar region, second premolar region, lateral incisor region, central incisor region, canine region, and second molar region that had varying bone densities. Implant insertion was simulated with a variable load of 1 - 180 Newton, which was applied axially downward with a rotational velocity of 30 - 120 rpm. Maximum principal stresses, von Mises stress distribution at the implant insertion site, and maximum deformation on the entire mandible were recorded during the insertion of the implants.ResultsMaximum principal stress was highest in the crestal area of the right first molar region and least in the middle third of the central incisor region during implant insertion. Von Mises stress in the mandible was highest in the right first molar region and the least in the lateral incisor region during implant insertion. The extent deformation was recorded on the x-axis, y-axis, and z-axis of the mandible. Deformation on the x-axis was highest at the crestal region of the canine and least for the lateral incisor. On the y-axis, deformation was highest at the symphysis region during implant insertion at the first molar region and the least at the condylar area during implant placement in the canine area. On the z-axis, the deformation was highest at the condylar region during implant insertion at the first molar region, and the least was observed in the symphysis region during implant placement in the second molar region.ConclusionWhen overall stress was considered, there is a direct correlation between stress and quality of bone. The highest maximum principal stress and von Mises stress were recorded during the placement of implants in posterior regions of the mandible, which suggests that the presence of dense cortical bone results in higher stress values. The maximum deformation was observed at different regions of the mandible, away from the site of implant insertion. The resultant stress and deformation exerted on the bone during placement of implants at different sites in the mandible varies, which could be detrimental factors in the longevity of the implant.

Effect of mismatch in mechanical properties on interfacial strength of aluminum alloy/steel dissimilar joints

The strength of a dissimilar joint between aluminum and steel is generally dependent on the thickness of the intermetallic compound (IMC) layer. Mechanical factors such as the residual stress and stress field under loading also likely contribute to the fracture behavior of the joint. However, a clear understanding of the effects of the interfacial structure (i.e., the IMC layer thickness) and mechanical factors on joint strength is lacking in the existing literature. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the influence of both the IMC layer thickness and the difference in the strengths of dissimilar metals on the interfacial strength of aluminum/steel joints through experimental evaluations and finite element (FE) analyses. The relationship between the strength of a friction-stir-welded joint of 6061 aluminum alloy (A6061) and 780-MPa grade high-tensile-strength steel (HT780) and the IMC layer thickness was investigated by controlling the IMC growth promoted by the annealing process. The results showed that the joint strength decreased with increasing IMC layer thickness. Fracture mainly occurred at the joint interface for a thin IMC layer of approximately 100 nm, whereas the joint between A6061 and 304 stainless steel, with a lower proof stress than HT780, showed a higher joint strength that resulted in fracture in the A6061 alloy. The FE analysis revealed that a high maximum principal stress is applied near the interface due to the difference in the degree of deformation between steel and aluminum, a behavior that is likely to appear in any joint consisting of materials with considerably different strengths.

Comparison of stress distribution in dental crown with different cusp angles: 3D finite element analysis

The purpose of this study is to measure the failure risk of a crown depending on the cusp angle. Three all-ceramic crown models consisting of CH (high incline), CM (middle incline), and CL (low incline) are designed. Stress is applied to the crown with Loading case-1 (top of cusp tip) and Loading case-2 (middle of cusp ridge) with the use of FEA software. In Loading case-1 and case-2, the CH showed the highest Maximum Principal Stress (MPS) while the CL showed the lowest MPS. The cusp angle is an influential factor affecting stress distribution in dental crowns.

Investigation of scratching sequence influence on material removal mechanism of glass-ceramics by the multiple scratch tests

The existing research on grinding mechanism by single scratch method cannot reflect the interaction among multiple scratches caused by the stochastic distribution of numerous grits on the grinding wheel surface. To clarify the effect of multi-scratch interaction on material removal mechanism during grinding of glass-ceramics, a multi-scratch experiment with different scratching sequences was conducted on glass-ceramics using a nanoindenter in this paper. A model of multi-scratch stress field is established to analyze the material removal mechanism such as surface morphology, material deformation, crack propagation and chip removal strength. The results show that successive scratching sequence promotes to the severe crack propagation of glass-ceramics due to its higher maximum principal stress whereas non-successive scratching sequence is prone to result in chip removal owing to its deeper stagnation region. These findings provide critical insight of grinding mechanics for glass-ceramics components by considering the interactions among multiple scratches.

Ductile and intergranular brittle fracture in a two-step quenching and partitioning steel

A two-step quenching and partitioning steel exhibits ductile fracture under uniaxial tension and unexpectedly intergranular brittle fracture in the case of pre-cracked configuration. A gradual retained austenite-to-martensite transformation because of low stress triaxiality under uniaxial tension, leads to ductile fracture with voids formation between fresh and tempered martensite resulting from the large strain partitioning and localization. When the retained austenite fast transforms to martensite in the near crack tip region because of high stress triaxiality, intergranular fracture is promoted by the high maximum principal stress level and by the formation of brittle martensite necklace along tempered martensitic packet boundaries.

Analysis of the Tectonic Stress Field of SE Sichuan and its Impact on the Preservation of Shale Gas in Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation of the Dingshan Region, China

Tectonic stress is one of the most active deformation factors in the Earth’s crust. Therefore, determinations of its mode of action and form of conversion are critical for guiding research that evaluates preservation conditions in shale gas. Through a survey that targeted many structural features, such as vertical folds and conjugated joints, we investigated the revolution characteristics of the tectonic stress field, the mode of action and the sequence of tectonic stress in the Dingshan region of SE Sichuan by structural analysis methods. Meanwhile, based on a geologic analysis of tectonic stress mechanisms, the structural stress in the region using finite element numerical simulations is quantitatively analyzed. The results show that the region has experienced tectonic stress fields over four different periods and in four different orientations: NW–SE, nearly N–S, nearly E–W and NE-SW. The NW-SE force occurred earlier than that of the nearly N–S force, followed by nearly E–W compression, and finally N–E force. It is concluded that the structural framework of the study area was formed by the effects of the NE-SW compressional stress, which is still active today. The simulation demonstrated that overlapping parts of the intensive strain zone had a higher maximum principal stress, particularly in areas of energy concentration. As for mud and shale, which show excellent sealing capacity, the key to preserving shale gas is the accumulation of energy and a low degree of breakage. Considering the nip-out line of the Longmaxi Formation in the Dingshan region, the buried depth limit of shale-gas production (4500 m), and fault length, the preservation conditions of shale gas and identified favorable targets within the Longmaxi Formation is evaluated.

Effect of notch position on creep damage for brazed joint

In this paper, we investigated the effect of notch position on creep damage for Hastelloy C276-BNi2 brazed joint. Three different types of notches locate in edge of base metal (base notch), edge of filler metal (surface notch) and center of filler metal (inside notch) were compared, and the influence of notch geometric parameters on creep damage was also investigated. The results show that the different notch position and dimension generate different creep damage distributions and have a great influence on creep life. The creep failure is the easiest to occur in surface notch, then the base notch, and the last is inside notch. The brazed joint with higher maximum principal stress and von Mises stress generates creep failure easier. For the base notch, the failure time increases with the increase of base notch distance and the creep failure location moves gradually from the center of filler metal to notch tip. The notch locating away from filler metal is beneficial to reduce the creep damage in filler metal and enhance the creep life. For the inside notch, the failure time decreases with notch length increases and the maximum creep damage locates at notch tip. With the increase of inside notch width, the failure time increases first and then keep steadiness, and the failure location moves away from notch tip. The effects of notch position and dimension should be fully considered in creep failure analyses and life assessments of brazed joints.

Effects of coping designs on stress distributions in zirconia crowns: Finite element analysis

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of coping designs on the stress distributions in posterior zirconia crowns by non-linear three-dimensional finite element analysis. Three-dimensional finite element models of a mandibular right first molar with layers of veneering porcelain, zirconia coping, cement, and abutment tooth were designed by computer software (HyperWorks 10.0). Ten zirconia crowns with different designs were produced according to various shoulder positions and heights. The shoulders (1-mm width) exhibited incremental height increases of 1mm, 2mm, and 3mm on the buccal, lingual, and proximal sides, respectively. An axial compressive dynamic load simulating the progressive load was applied until a stainless steel ball model (7mm in diameter) deepened the veneer surface to 0.7mm in depth. Loads were placed on the inner inclines of the mesiobuccal, distobuccal, and mesiolingual cusps. Residual maximum principal stresses (MPSs) at the veneer and coping under progressive loading were determined for each zirconia crown. Reinforcements with the shoulders on the buccal, lingual, and proximal axial walls resulted in lower MPSs in the veneering porcelain but higher MPSs in the zirconia coping. As the shoulder height increased, the tensile stresses decreased, while the compressive stresses increased in the veneering porcelains. It can be concluded that the shoulder height and position in the zirconia coping will affect the MPSs of the crown. Our findings conclusively reveal the critical role of the shoulder design of the coping in preventing veneer fracture on posterior zirconia restorations by reducing tensile stresses in veneering porcelain.

Simulation of human atherosclerotic femoral plaque tissue: the influence of plaque material model on numerical results.

BackgroundDue to the limited number of experimental studies that mechanically characterise human atherosclerotic plaque tissue from the femoral arteries, a recent trend has emerged in current literature whereby one set of material data based on aortic plaque tissue is employed to numerically represent diseased femoral artery tissue. This study aims to generate novel vessel-appropriate material models for femoral plaque tissue and assess the influence of using material models based on experimental data generated from aortic plaque testing to represent diseased femoral arterial tissue.MethodsNovel material models based on experimental data generated from testing of atherosclerotic femoral artery tissue are developed and a computational analysis of the revascularisation of a quarter model idealised diseased femoral artery from a 90% diameter stenosis to a 10% diameter stenosis is performed using these novel material models. The simulation is also performed using material models based on experimental data obtained from aortic plaque testing in order to examine the effect of employing vessel appropriate material models versus those currently employed in literature to represent femoral plaque tissue.ResultsSimulations that employ material models based on atherosclerotic aortic tissue exhibit much higher maximum principal stresses within the plaque than simulations that employ material models based on atherosclerotic femoral tissue. Specifically, employing a material model based on calcified aortic tissue, instead of one based on heavily calcified femoral tissue, to represent diseased femoral arterial vessels results in a 487 fold increase in maximum principal stress within the plaque at a depth of 0.8 mm from the lumen.ConclusionsLarge differences are induced on numerical results as a consequence of employing material models based on aortic plaque, in place of material models based on femoral plaque, to represent a diseased femoral vessel. Due to these large discrepancies, future studies should seek to employ vessel-appropriate material models to simulate the response of diseased femoral tissue in order to obtain the most accurate numerical results.