High Level Of Profitability Research Articles

Maize grain yield formation depending on macro- and microfertilizers

The research results of the foliar fertilization influence with different levels of mineral nutrition on the maize grain yield were presented, and the economic efficiency of growing of grain products was clarified. It was found that when increasing the mineral fertilizer dose from N30P30K30 to N45P45K45 and N60P60K60, the height of plants increased by 3 and 7 cm, the leaf surface area of one plant – by 4.8 and 10.9 %, respectively. Due to foliar fertilization, the height of plants increased by 2–5 cm, and the leaf area changed insignificantly. Depending on the background of mineral nutrition, it was accounted 98–99 ears per 100 maize plants, and in the case of foliar fertilization – 98–100 ears. The maize grain yield on the background of N30P30K30 was 7.56 t/ha, on the background of N45P45K45 and N60P60K60 – 8.65 and 8.68 t/ha, respectively. In the control variant (without spraying) the yield was 7.77 t/ha, and when plants fertilizing with urea (15 kg/ha) – 8.09 t/ha. The grain yield in the variants with maize plant fertilizing with a mixture of urea and micronutrients reached to 8.30–8.78 t/ha. The prime cost of 1 ton of maize grain when growing on the background of N30P30K30 was 1808 UAH, with increasing the fertilizer dose to N45P45K45 and N60P60K60 – 1781 and 1903 UAH, respectively. In the control variant, it was equal to 1828 UAH, in the variants under maize fertilization with urea (15 kg/ha) or a mixture of urea and micronutrients – 1827–1836 UAH. The conditional profit on the background of N30P30K30 was 21878 UAH/ha, it enlarged to 24264–25265 UAH/ha in the case of fertilizer dose increasing. In the control variant (without spraying) the conditional profit was equal to 22310 UAH/ha, when plants were fertilized with urea (15 kg/ha) – 23257 UAH/ha, with a mixture of urea and micronutrients – 23823–25155 UAH/ha. The highest level of profitability (163.9 %) was on the background of N45P45K45; the impact of foliar fertilization on this indicator was insignificant. Key words: maize, fertilizers, foliar fertilization, grain yield, economic efficiency.

Patterns of soil processes on dark chestnut soil under conditions of its use in the conditions of the steppe of Ukraine

As a result of four-year research, the patterns of soil processes development depending on the parameters of reclamation load were established. It was established that at the end of vegetation season irrigation of crops with water with high mineralization leads to deterioration of soil structure, where the largest amount of aggregates >10 mm (42.67%) was observed during disk tillage (a similar trend was observed for aggregates <0.25 mm). On average, during 2016-2019, under the influence of irrigation, the transformation of the ionic composition of the aqueous extract led to a change in the chemistry of salinity from sodium chloride-sulfate to calcium-sodium sulfate in all variants, regardless of the studied factors. The most favorable conditions for the formation of the yield in the experiment were created under a differentiated system of tillage with one split for crop rotation and with the introduction of increased doses of fertilizers, which per 1 ha of crop rotation area provided the highest productivity, which was for corn 15.49 t/ha, sorghum - 8.72 t/ha, wheat winter - 7.07 t/ha, and only for soybeans the best conditions this year were created for 1 option - 4.27 t/ha. The highest level of profitability from 1 ha of crop rotation area was obtained for the average fertilization background 2 (N120P52,5 ) for differentiated tillage - 199%, while for other tillage systems and fertilizer doses it decreased to 33-189%.

Blokčejn kao metod rešavanja hold-up problema

The hold-up problem is a form of opportunistic behavior of contractual partners. It occurs when the optimal volume and structure of transactions cannot be defined with ex ante certainty. The consequence of the hold-up problem is that, once a contractual relationship has been established, one of the parties seeks to modify the distribution of benefits in such a way that it has a higher level of profit from the contract than is justified by the contractual investments it has made. The paper examines the potential of the Blockchain concept to, applied as a framework of "smart" contracts, contribute to the elimination or reduce opportunities for the emergence of a hold-up situation. The Blockchain concept with its characteristics (transparency, protection of data integrity, shareability) deploys the foregoing potential in three ways: by witnessing the transaction via the Blockchain; ensuring the execution of a (by Blockchain certified) transaction; by verifying transactions through a decentralized system that replaces verification by third parties (courts or arbitration). Consequently, the Blockchain concept for storing and managing information substitutes the role played by the institute of trust in the classical ("analog") legal relationship.

Stock Exchange Mutual Funds as the Drivers of the Stock Market Development in Terms of Profitability and Alternatives

The current stagnation in the development of the Russian stock market determines the need to master new investment instruments or to improve the activities of existing ones. The development of global stock markets clearly emphasizes the “immaturity” of the Russian stock market. Present situation indicates the need for the introduction and development of new investment instruments. This fact encouraged the development of ETFs in Russia. Russian ETFs have a relatively short story, but this does not prevent them from expanding the scope of activities, gaining momentum and demonstrating a high degree of profitability, which is a significant competitive advantage over other unit investment funds. The study offers the overlook of exchange-traded investment funds’ activities as a hybrid with foreign ETFs and an alternative to Russian domestic unit investment funds, which reach a high level of profitability in modern conditions.

АСПЕКТИ УПРАВЛІННЯ ПІДПРИЄМСТВАМИ ГОТЕЛЬНО-РЕСТОРАННОГО ГОСПОДАРСТВА

Strict quarantine restrictions have caused a crisis in the hospitality industry both in Ukraine and around the world. The number of hotel and restaurant establishments are decreased, because a significant reduction in the number of domestic and foreign tourists. In additional, the population’s spending on recreation and culture, restaurants and hotels are decreased, because they are lost their jobs. This critical situation requires the improvement of hotel and restaurant management, their adaptation to new business conditions, flexibility and efficiency of decision-making. The concept of “hospitality industry” and negative factors that affect its development are considered in this article. Statistical data on the dynamics of the volume of services provided for temporary accommodation and catering and the number of incoming (foreign) and domestic tourists in Ukraine, the decrease in the level of effective demand of Ukrainian citizens are researched. The interpretation of the concept of “hotel and restaurant management in a crisis” in terms of the importance of using modern management tools to change the format of work with clients, in order to adapt to crisis conditions resulting from the pandemic, gain competitive advantage, meet customer demands and as a result of obtaining a high level of profitability. The staff is an important component of the success of the hotel and restaurant industry in the market and its competitiveness. Customer demands are constantly growing, so staffing requirements are also changing. Important competencies of the manager of the hotel and restaurant industry are: analytical, logical, strategic thinking, communication skills, and leadership skills. In the competition for customers, information and communication play an important role, and effective communication management helps to make optimal management decisions. Particular attention should be paid to external communications, namely marketing communication policy. The strategy of the hotel and restaurant industry in a pandemic includes: the development of an effective marketing policy, improving the expansion of sales channels, the formation of customer protection and safety.

ОРГАНІЗАЦІЙНО-ЕКОНОМІЧНИЙ МЕХАНІЗМ УПРАВЛІННЯ РОЗВИТКОМ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ ОЛІЙНО-ЖИРОВОГО КОМПЛЕКСУ

In the article is defined the essence of the organizational and economic mechanism. The main tasks of the organizational and economic mechanism of managing of the development of enterprises of the oil and fat complex at the national and regional levels, as well as at the level of a separate business entity are formed. It is proved that the need for the formation of organizational and economic mechanism of managing of the development of enterprises of the oil and fat complex is due to the disagreed of cross-sectoral links at all stages of the oil and product chain. It is determined that the organizational and economic mechanism of managing of the development of oil and fat complexes is a totality of organizational forms, administrative, economic and socio-psychological methods and management tools through which are done the regulation of organizational, technological and socio-economic relation for the purpose of realize the interests of subjects of these relations. The dynamics of the volume of production of major oilseeds in Ukraine is analyzed. Proposed and justified the feasibility of establishing a regional cluster of production of the organic high-oleic sunflower oil in the Odessa region, by which is meant as a voluntary association of companies and other organizational structures within the oil and fat industry that leading joint activities for the production of organic high oleic sunflower oil. Specificity of functioning of regional cluster from the production of organic high-olein sunflower-seed oil consists in that with satisfaction of economic interests of one participant efficiency of activity rises all other, and as a synergistic effect is development in Ukraine of market of organic products.The management structure of the cluster for the production of organic high-oleic sunflower oil has been developed. It is determined that the main task of the cluster is to balance the economic relations of its members, which provides the maximum value of effect indicators and efficiency. It is proved that the common interest for the cluster members should be the production and the sale of the organic high-oleic sunflower oil in order to obtain a high level of profit.

ІННОВАЦІЙНІ СТРАТЕГІЇ ЯК ПЕРСПЕКТИВНИЙ НАПРЯМ ПЛАНУВАННЯ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ ГОТЕЛЬНИХ ТА РЕСТОРАННИХ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ УКРАЇНИ

The article monitors and analyzes the main strategies for the development of hotel and restaurant enterprises and, accordingly, increase their efficiency and competitiveness; the process of organization and economic planning of hotel and restaurant enterprises has been improved. It is investigated that the enterprises of hotel and restaurant industry of Ukraine partially provide the necessary quality indicators for the provided services, and this is the reason for the insufficient level of competitiveness of services in the domestic market and in European countries. An urgent problem of planning and organizing the activities of hotel and restaurant enterprises is the use of innovative strategies and areas of long-term development to increase the level of competitiveness and quality of services provided. This will intensify innovation processes in Ukraine in the field of services. Innovative strategies and promising areas of development of hotel and restaurant enterprises are extremely important in the management of hotel and restaurant complexes. Innovative strategies in the hotel and restaurant industry are cost-effective and feasible provided a high level of profitability, improving the service process, expanding the range of services, reducing costs, increasing competitiveness, improve and optimize the work of all hotel or restaurant services. The application of innovative strategies in the process of hotel and restaurant enterprises allows them to compete in the field of service. In conditions of fierce competition and rapidly changing market conditions, it is very important not only to focus on the internal state of affairs of the enterprise, but also to develop a long-term strategy. Economic activity requires constant innovation. All services offered by hotel and restaurant enterprises must be introduced in modern innovative ways. This is the basis for successful business, maintaining a consistently high level of competitiveness and improving the quality of service. The selection of the optimal innovation strategy for a hotel or restaurant company is carried out by its management based on the analysis of key factors that characterize its condition and the state of the product portfolio.

ВЛИЯНИЕ СПОСОБА ОБРАБОТКИ СВЕТЛО-СЕРЫХ ЛЕСНЫХ ПОЧВ ПО КЛЕВЕРНОМУ ПЛАСТУ ПЕРВОГО ГОДА ПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ НА УРОЖАЙНОСТЬ ОЗИМОЙ ПШЕНИЦЫ СОРТА «МОСКОВСКАЯ 39» В УСЛОВИЯХ НИЖЕГОРОДСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ

The research aim is to identify the most energy-saving and cost-effective technology for winter wheat cultivation. The maximum moisture content of soil was recorded when it was processed using Mini-till technology – from 17.2% to 17.9%, and the lowest - with traditional technology – from 15.7% to 16.4%. The lowest soil density with traditional winter wheat technology is both on the background with fertilizer (1.18%) and on the background without fertilizer (1.21%). The lowest contamination of crops with traditional technology without mineral fertilizers (42 pcs/м2). With the Mini-till technology, the total blockage increased to 51pcs/м2, and with the No-till technology, it was maximum- 128 pcs/м2. Against the mineral fertilizers, the same tendency of total blockage-from – from 40 pcs/м2 to 132 pcs/м2, respectively. With No-till technology, the total plant damage increased from 17.0 % to 14.6 %, with traditional treatment – from 12.4% to 10.1%, and with Mini-till technology-from 12.7% to 9.6%. The yield of winter wheat when using traditional plowing against the background of mineral fertilizer is 3.59 t / ha, and against the background without mineral fertilizer – 2.24 t / ha. The yield of Mini-till technology for mineral background is 3.13 t / ha, and without fertilizers-1.81 t / ha. With the No-till technology, the winter wheat yield is 1.69 t/ha, and without fertilizers – 1.11 t/ha. The highest level of profitability with Mini-till technology against the background of mineral fertilizers-73.2%.

Influence of vermicompost aftereffect on the efficiency of spring barley cultivation in arid conditions of the Steppe of Ukraine

Barley is a crop, requires the availability of available nutrients in the soil, especially at the be-ginning of the growing season. The aim of the research was to determine the effectiveness of the aftereffect of using vermicompost when growing spring barley on different backgrounds in the Donetsk region. The studies were carried out according to the methodology of the field experiment of B. A. Dospehova. Research methods: field, supplemented by analytical studies, measurements, calculations and observations. The studies were conducted in 2017–2019 by laboratory-field method in field crop rotation in the experimental sections of the Donetsk SSES NAAS. The repetition in the experiments is 3-fold. The location of the plots is systematic. The soil is alkaline-chernozemic carbonate, having an average supply of mineral nitrogen and mobile phosphorus, low – potassium. The humus content of 4,2 % indicates a high potential soil fertility, but to realize the potential of the culture, additional application of phosphorus-potassium fertilizers is necessary. The technology for growing crops is generally accepted for the farms of the region, with the ex- ception of the factors studied. Variety of barley spring Avers. The experience scheme provides for: control (without fertilizers); background – saturation of crop rotation with vermicompost granular 2 t/ha; background + N30P30K30; background + N60P60K60; N30P30K30. The use of organic fertilizers under the predecessor in crop rotation provided improve nutriti-on conditions for plants, which positively affected the growth and development of spring barley plants. So, on the variants with the use of mineral fertilizers, the highest indices of the number of productive stems and the structure of the crop were noted in the background. The variant where N60P60K60 was added in the background produced the largest mass of 1000 grains – 49,8 g, which is 4,6 % higher than the control. Analysis of the study indicates the positive effect of the aftereffect of organic fertilizer (ver-micompost) on the yield of spring barley. The maximum yield of spring barley was obtained against the background of aftereffect of vermicompost 2 t/ha and the application of mineral fertilizers N60P60K60 – 5,05 t/ha, but due to high production costs, the profitability level is 114,9 %. The application of organic fertilizers under the background provides a yield of 3,67 t/ha and the highest level of profitability of 140,6 %. The optimal technological option provides for the introduction of mineral fertilizers in the norm N30P30K30 amid predecessor saturation with vermicompost. This allows increasing the yield up to 4,90 t/ha (by 1,46 t/ha or 42,4 % to the control) and obtaining a profitability level of 136,1 %. The use only of mineral fertilizer N30P30K30 in severely arid weather conditions of the steppe zone allows increasing the yield by 0,70 t/ha compared to the control but, due to the high cost of pro-duction, leads to a low production profitability of 99,6 %. Key words: spring barley, background, vermicompost, mineral fertilizers, yield, economic effici-ency.

How to reconcile short-term and long-term objectives in mixed farms? A dynamic model application to mixed fruit tree - vegetable systems

Mixed fruit tree and vegetable (MFV) farms correspond to the joint production of fruit trees and vegetable crops. In temperate regions, this emerging farming system is a potentially attractive land use to foster the diversification of agricultural systems. However, these systems combine two productive and labor-intensive enterprises (orchard and market gardening) and in practice, the system feasibility depends on the availability and need for labor. Long-term yield predictions are needed to assess the economic profitability of such innovative farming systems. A dynamic bio-economic model of MFV systems was developed to assess its main properties over time. This simple state-control model is based on yields, biological dynamics, workload requirements and economic profitability of each farming enterprise. Due to the lack of data from long-term experiments, the model was parametrized on data from specialized systems and calibrated with expert knowledge. The implementation of the model made it possible to simulate management strategies for vegetable crops and fruit trees, and to assess their impact on the long-term system dynamics. Results show that specialized market gardening enterprise has an overall higher profitability per hectare than specialized fruit trees. Nevertheless, mixed systems composed of roughly equivalent shares of fruit trees and vegetable crops make it possible to decrease workload constraints while maintaining a high level of profitability. In addition, intermediate shares of fruit trees and vegetable crops can lead to higher profitability in the long term, but require addressing both short- and long-term objectives, and the ability for farmers to cope with several consecutive years of lower income. Further research is now needed to better understand the biological processes underlying MFV systems and their evolution in different management configurations.

Milk productivity of cows, quality of milk and dairy products when using natural feed additive

The organization of feeding of highly productive cows is one of the most difficult tasks in dairy cattle breeding. The purpose of the work was to study the influence of natural mineral additive on the productivity, composition and some technological qualities of milk of cows of Black-and-White breed of Ural type. Research and production experiment has been carried out in CJSC “Glinki” in the Ketovsky district in the Kurgan region on Black-and-White cows. The influence of bentonite additive in the ration of highly productive cows during the period of increasing the milk yield on the composition and technological quality of milk and dairy products has been determined. In general, for the first 100 days of lactation the cows of the experimental group have produced by 191 kg more natural fat milk or 8,4 %, compared to the control group. In terms of 4 % milk from animals of the experimental group has been got by 233 kg or 9,3 % more than of the control group. The yield of milk fat in the experimental group was by 10,44 kg or 12,9 % more than the control group. The difference in milk protein yield for 100 days of lactation was 7,34 kg or 9,8 %. The economic indicators (prime-cost, profitability) of milk production when feeding the mineral additive bentonite to cows have been calculated. With an increase in the total cost of obtaining milk from cows of the experimental group, caused by higher milk yields and the purchase of bentonite, the revenue from the sale of milk from this group was by 7,83 thousand rubles or 8,4 % more. As a result, milk production from animals of the experimental group was by 3,44 % more efficient. It has been found that the inclusion of bentonite in the composition of concentrated feed in the amount of 400 g/head/day allowed to reduce their expenditure, as well as EFU and digestible protein, which ultimately provided a higher level of profitability of milk production.

The Validity of Multinomial Logistic Regression and Artificial Neural Network in Predicting Sukuk Rating: Evidence from Indonesian Stock Exchange

The Sukuk (shariah bond) market is developing in Indonesia and potentially will capture the global market in the future. It is an attractive investment product and a hot current issue in the capital market. Especially, the problem of predicting an accurate and trustworthy rating. As the Sukuk market developed, the issue of Sukuk rating emerged. As ordinary investors will have difficulty predicting their ratings going forward, this research will provide solutions to the problems above. The objective of this study is to determine the Indonesian Sukuk rating determinants and comparing the Sukuk rating predictive model. This research uses Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Multinomial Logistic Regression (MLR) as the predictive analysis model. Data in this study are collected by purposive sampling and employing Sukuk rated by PEFINDO, an Indonesian rating agency. Findings in this study are debt, profitability and firm size significantly affecting Sukuk rating category and the ANN performs better predictive accuracy than MLR. The implications of the results of the research for the issuer and bondholder are a higher level of credit enhancement, a higher level of profitability, and the bigger size of firm rewarding higher Sukuk rating.

Productivity of corn for grain at different doses of fertilizers and methods of tillage

The development and implementation of the most optimal agricultural technologies for cultivating crops will allow you to maximize the potential of plants and get high productivity with good quality products. Among the variety of organic fertilizers currently used, a special place is occupied by poultry manure with a high content of nutrients found in the compounds assimilated by plants. In terms of the South-Western part of Central Black earth region, were studied combined effect of methods of primary tillage, doses of poultry manure and compost, combines them in making nitrogen fertilizers and mineral fertilizers on soil agrochemical parameters and grain productivity of corn. The productivity when plowing was 5,79 t/ha in the control variant, with beardless plowing – 4,91 t/ha and with no deep tillage – 4,8 t/ha. Poultry manure and compost (20 t/ha) in its pure form has increased the productivity by 1,02 and 0,87 t/ha when tilling, by 0,82 and 0,89 t/ha when beardless plowing by 0,78 and 0,83 t/ha when no deep tillage relative to control. Additional input in these variants of nitrogen fertilizer led to increase of productivity of corn to 6,99 and of 7,23 t/ha when tilling, which was higher than poultry manure (20 t/ha) and bird compost (20 t/ha) by 0,18 and 0,57 t/ha, when beardless plowing to 5,79 and of 6,37 t/ha. In order to cultivate corn for grain in the South-Western part of the Central Black earth region, it is necessary to plow to a depth of 22-25 cm as the main soil tillage. As the main fertilizer for obtaining stable productivity of corn for grain with the preservation of soil fertility at a high level of profitability, it is necessary to apply poultry manure at a dose of 20 t/ha. In order to achieve higher productivity of corn, we recommend the joint application of organic and mineral fertilizers in the dosage of poultry manure (20 t/ha + N 60) and poultry compost (20 t/ha + N 60).

PENGARUH PROFITABILITAS, UKURAN PERUSAHAAN, DAN UMUR PERUSAHAAN TERHADAP PENGUNGKAPAN CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY

Disclosure for CSR is an action taken by a company in order to contribute to economic sustainability that benefits the company, government and society. CSR Activities Serving the form of sustainability reports, however, many companies are still classified as low in their CSR disclosures and have not yet presented them in the form of a sustainability report (sustainability report).The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the effect of profitability, company size, and company age simultaneously and partially on non-financial LQ 45 Index companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2015-2018.In this study the population consists of non-financial LQ 45 Index companies. The sample selection technique in this study used purposive sampling and obtained 44 total samples. The data used are obtained from sustainability reports and company annual reports. This study uses panel data regression analysis using Eviews version 9.The results showed that profitability, company size, and company age simultaneously affected CSR disclosure with adjusted R2 of 0.307093. Partial profit has a positive effect, while company size and company age have no effect on CSR disclosure.Based on the research results, it is hoped that the disclosure of social responsibility will increase to get the best from investors and the public. Companies with a high level of profitability are expected to be more concerned with CSR activities and their disclosures in the form of company sustainability reports.

An Empirical Study of The Determinants of Audit Report Delay in Indonesia Banking Companies

This study aims to analyze determinants of audit delay in banking companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI). The analytical tool used is multiple linear regression models in 37 Indonesian banking companies from 2016 to 2018. Return on Asset, Debt to Asset Ratio, Auditor’s Opinion, and Firm Age are used as determinants of auditor delay. The result of the analysis shows that what affects audit delay in Indonesian banking is not based on the level of debt ratios or auditor opinion, but rather the level of profitability and company age A high level of profitability is good news that management wants to convey to stakeholders through the publication of financial audit reports that the company wants to convey quickly. The negative and significant effect between company age on audit delay shows that a company that has long been established and has experience and has better internal control management so that it can easily provide data for audience needs. Long established banks tend to have a large scale so that they have higher power and access to auditing firms to complete audits in a predetermined time.

Аналіз чинників, які впливають на фінансові результати сільськогосподарських підприємств

The article is devoted to the analysis of factors of influence on the increase in financial performance of agricultural enterprises. The approaches of scientists to determine the essence of the concept of profit are analyzed, their own definition of the concept is formed. The system of proof that the company's task is to make a profit, which is the main stimulus of economic activity is provided. Profit ensures the economic stability of the company, guarantees its financial independence. In order to improve financial results, the company is interested in looking for untapped opportunities and reserves, more efficient ways of using resources, producing products for which there is demand, applying organizational and technical innovations that ensure the efficiency of production, etc. Therefore, the study of factors that affect the level of profitability of the company is a very topical topic that requires further research. It has been established that profit is the main financial result and an incentive for the economic activity of enterprises, the main source of its functioning and development. In today's environment, improving financial results is a complex problem. For their continued growth, the company is interested in updating methods of mobilizing hidden opportunities and reserves, preserving existing and attracting additional resources, upgrading production facilities, focusing on the production of goods of constant and high demand, introducing organizational and technical innovations, and constantly improving the efficiency of production. The need for continuous creative analysis of factors that affect the size of the profit is emphasized. Ways to ensure the growth of financial results of agricultural enterprises by reducing the cost of production, adjusting the prices of products, increasing the technological level of production, changing the structure and volume of products, increasing soil fertility, the level of productivity, the most rational use of labor, material and financial potential are explored. All this, combined with the effect, is able to provide the company with a high level of profitability of operation, increase its level of competitiveness, increase the demand for products, develop export potential, attract new investors, update the fixed capital, improve the fertility of the soil, eventually improve the environment.

Research on the patent subject profitability based on the big data analysis

Patent profits that the sum of the benefits obtained by patent owners and related stakeholders are the basic issues of the regulation of patent system and policies. Patent profitability is the comprehensive reflection of the R&D level of innovators and a country’s technology transformation environment. A correct understanding of the patent profitability is helpful to the formulation of innovation policies and firm management. In this study, The patents whose maintenance time was about 20 years were defined as profitable patents. Based on the big data analysis of the granted patents from the five top patent offices in the 1990s, the patent subject profitability of different countries was compared. From the perspective of profit time, the patent subject profitability of China was similar to that of Japan and Europe. The patent subjects of the United States had the highest level of profitability, while the South Korea’s had the worst. It should not be considered that China’s patent subject profitability is much lower than other developed countries or regions. But there is still large place to improve.

The relationship between corporate social responsibility, environmental investments and financial performance: evidence from manufacturing companies.

The primary objective of this research is to ascertain the relationship between corporate social responsibility, environmental investments and financial performance in Nigerian manufacturing firms. The hypotheses are tested on internal environmental investments and external environmental investments on firm's financial performance. It further determines if there is a significant difference between the profitability of environmentally conscious and environmentally non-conscious firms in Nigeria. Descriptive analysis is used to explain the variables applied and panel regression analysis is used to find out if there exists a relationship between internal environmental investments (employee benefits, staff training cost), external environmental investments (donations) and firm's financial performance. The results indicate a positive and significant relationship exists between internal environmental investments and firm's financial performance. It is also found a positive but insignificant relationship between external environmental investments and firm's financial performance. Furthermore, paired sample t tests are used to reveal that there was a significant difference between the profitability of environmentally conscious and environmentally non-conscious firms. The finding of this study explains that firms with higher environmental investments have a higher profitability level than environmentally non-conscious firms.

THE INFLUENCE OF COMPANY SIZE AND PROFITABILITY ON ISLAMIC SOCIAL REPORTING (ISR) ON JAKARTA ISLAMIC INDEX

Islamic Social Reporting is a form of corporate social responsibility for both internal and external parties, including employees and the environment. This research examines the effect of Islamic cooperative governance and profitability (which is presented with return on assets - ROA) on the disclosure of Islamic Social Reporting. This research uses a purposive sampling method from companies listed on the Jakarta Islamic Index in period of 2014-2018. There are 16 companies that are sampled in this research. This research uses multiple linear regression analysis methods and the results show that the simultaneous size of the company and profitability have a significant effect on Islamic social reporting disclosure.In the other hand, the partially size of company profitability has a positive and significant effect on Islamic social reporting disclosure. This is because a large companies will be able to generate large profits. By gaining the high levels of good profitability, the disclosure of Islamic social reporting will be good as well.

Productivity and grain quality of a new spring wheat variety Stolypinka depending on the rates of mineral fertilizers under conditions of the Pre-Baikal region

The presented article reveals the extent of mineral fertilizers impact on plant growth and development, and the ripening periods of a new spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar Stolypinka. The research objectives included the study of the influence of mineral fertilizer rates on yield structure, productivity, grain quality and economic efficiency of the variety Stolypinka. Field observations and the laboratory analysis of the data obtained proved the positive effect of mineral fertilizers on the yield structure components (the amount of productive stems, the number of kernels in a spike, the weight of 1000 seeds) in the studied cultivar. As a result of the research it has been found that the application of fertilizers at the rate for the planned yield is optimal for obtaining the maximum yield 3.5 t/ha of good quality grain containing the crude protein 15.8 % and gluten 32.3 %. In terms of economic efficiency, at the rates of fertilizers application N30 and N60 we have got the highest payback output (8.2 and 9.0 thousand rub./ha, respectively) and the lowest prime cost of 1 t grain (4.6 and 4.7 thousand rub./ha, respectively). The highest level of profitability (92.3 %) was observed in the option with the application of sole nitrogen at the rate 30 kg of active substance per 1 ha. Of the variants with a complex mineral fertilizer, using N60P45К45 is the most expedient in case of the gross grain harvest in the amount recouping the invested production costs.