High Level Of Reliability Research Articles

Spiritual Leadership Scale: Theoretical Foundations and Empirical Validation in the Context of Turkish Employees.

The objective of this study was twofold: firstly, to develop a novel scale for measuring the concept of spiritual leadership, and secondly, to evaluate the psychometric properties of this scale. The principal objective was to facilitate the assessment of spiritual leadership on the part of managerial personnel. In the course of the research, a three-stage process was undertaken. In the initial phase, the theoretical underpinnings of the concept were established through a comprehensive review of the spiritual leadership literature, and an item pool was constructed. In the second stage, exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was employed to ascertain the factor structure of the scale. In the third stage, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was employed to corroborate the identified structure and criterion validity analysis was conducted. The EFA results indicated that the scale exhibited a single-factor structure. The CFA results demonstrated that the model exhibited good fit indices, thereby confirming the single-factor structure. In the reliability analyses, the internal consistency coefficient (Cronbach's alpha) of the scale was 0.988, which indicated a high level of reliability. These findings collectively demonstrate that the spiritual leadership scale possesses sufficient validity and reliability.

Development of basic futsal skills test instruments

The purpose of this study in general is to reveal the level of validity and reliability of the basic futsal skills test for U-23 futsal players. In particular, this study aims to reveal the level of validity and reliability of the futsal skills test for futsal players U-23 PORPROV Central Java. In the research that the authors did, researchers used research and development methods to produce certain products, and tested the effectiveness of these products to achieve goals (validation function). The sample was taken by purposive sampling because there were several criteria that were determined, namely, players in the U-23 category in each district throughout Central Java. The research results show a fairly high level of validity and reliability. It is necessary to revise the instrument to produce a better test in terms of reliability and validity in the development of an instrument model for testing the basic techniques of U-23 futsal. Keywords: Development, Instruments, Futsal.

A MODEL FOR FORECASTING DEW POINT PRESSURE IN NIGER DELTA CONDENSATE RESERVOIRS USING CONSTANT VOLUME DEPLETION TESTS DATA

The dew point pressure plays a critical role in developing gas condensate reservoirs. It is a crucial factor used in fluid characterisation, performance estimation of gas reservoirs, and design of production systems. However, the composition of gas condensate fluid varies from one location to another, and thus, empirical correlations have been developed to determine the dew point pressure without conducting routine tests. As a result, correlations that are solely useful in the region where they were developed and analysed are developed. This work developed an empirical correlation using data from gas condensate wells in the Niger Delta using multiple linear regression. The model was developed using the Analytical Tools and techniques in Microsoft Excel. To develop the model, we utilised 63 data sets from the Constant Volume Depletion (CVD) experiment, which involved gas condensates from resources in the Niger Delta. The model comprises an empirical correlation that estimates the dew point pressure for gas condensate reservoirs. It uses compositional information of the fluid and reservoir temperature as input parameters. The correlation is derived through multiple regression analyses. Comparing the prediction accuracy of formulas based on the developed model and other conventional methods indicated that this model is more accurate than other statistical methods in predicting DPP within the Niger Delta region. This model can produce more accurate results than other estimation methods when working under limited field information and time constraints. The correlation developed in this process has a coefficient of determination of R2=0.869 and an Average Absolute Relative Error (AARE) of -2.0767%, along with a root mean square of 195279, indicating a high level of reliability in the proposed correlation.

Resilience enhancement of power distribution system using fixed and mobile emergency generators based on deep reinforcement learning

Growing extreme weather-related events have increased the need for a resilient emergency response in the Power Distribution Systems (PDSs). This paper proposes a novel restoration scheme that involves forming Micro-Grids (MGs) and dispatching Mobile Emergency Generators (MEGs) between them. Due to the PDS variability and extensive decision space, conventional model-based approaches aren't suitable for implementing the proposed scheme. Therefore, a model-free framework is designed to control the restoration process. The proposed problem is formulated as a Markov Decision Process (MDP) considering uncertainties associated with load profile, and renewable resources. Deep Q-Network (DQN), a fundamental algorithm in Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL), is employed to solve the proposed MDP model. DQN algorithm can learn optimal control strategy by interacting with the simulated environment at the training phase and then deploy the learned policy in a real-world application. The main objective of the designed DQN model is to maximize the restored loads and ensure a high level of post-restoration reliability for Critical Loads (CLs). MATLAB software is considered as the simulated environment to perform power flow calculation and MEGs routing. The efficiency and applicability of the proposed method are evaluated by conducting experiments on the modified IEEE 13-bus, 37-bus, and 123-bus networks.

Comparative Study for DC-DC Converter Output Bank’s Reliability Evaluation Using Prediction Standards MIL-HDBK-217F vs. Telcordia SR-332

In the last decade, a higher level of reliability has become a compulsory demand when it comes to modern DC-DC converters. This work addresses the main reliability metrics: in many studies, the failure rate λ and MTBF of an output capacitor bank used within a high-current low-voltage buck converter have shown that the output capacitor bank is the most critical component within the converter. Many authors dealt with this issue by performing reliability predictions. The majority of studies use only one specific standard prediction to solve the problem. Herein, the calculation was performed using both the older standard, MIL-HDBK-217, and the latest one, Telcordia SR-332, providing a benchmark comparison between the two, which is a helpful tool for output capacitor selection in early-stage design. The military standard was well accepted for decades in reliability prediction, even in industrial electronics, and is still used today in a critical manner because there have been no more updates after the latest version, MIL-HDBK-217F—Notice 2, was released in 1995. Since then, newer prediction standards have appeared in the electronics reliability market. Over time, this standard was mostly used, but it does not accurately model the reliability because of a lack of taking account of the mission profile. The above-mentioned newer standard—i.e., Telcordia SR-332—also tries to compensate for the lack of the newest component technology in the older standard (which is the first standard released on the market), supplying useful design data for design engineers who use the so-called “design with reliability in mind” concept. This provides the designer of DC-DC converters with a comparison between the reliability values when the two mentioned standards are used. This paper establishes the environmental condition for the passive components by means of a point of load (PoL) buck converter that is used for both calculation methods. The influence of temperature and several specific concepts, like reference conditions, operating conditions, ripple, and internal self-heating, were taken into account in order to display the results. The temperature for the capacitor’s capsule needed in πT stress factor calculation was derived using PSPICE simulation. High-fidelity and dedicated SPICE models provided by the manufacturer were used for MOSFETs, polymer electrolytic, and MLCC capacitors that comprise the converter.

Neuraxial Analgesia for Scoliosis Correction: A Case Series in a Specialised Children's Centre.

Surgical correction of spinal deformities in children presents a challenge to the anaesthetist due to the extensive nature of the surgery, the co-morbidities of the patients and the constraints on aesthetic techniques of intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring of the spinal cord. Patients undergoing scoliosis surgery are considered to suffer severe pain, which may lead to a negative impact on patient psychology and physical well-being. By using effective postoperative pain regimens to enhance recovery after surgery, pain can be significantly reduced, leading to patient satisfaction, facilitating early mobilisation, promoting oral intake, lowering postoperative pain and shortening the length of hospital stay. Thus, the primary objectives of this study were to assess the postoperative pain management andfirst rescue analgesic medications, by using preservative-free morphine 50 mcg/kg and dexmedetomidine 4 mcg along with normal saline 0.5 ml kg caudally, as well as to look for thesecondary objectivesside effects, including respiratory depression, nausea, vomiting and pruritis, timing of postoperative ambulation and length of hospital stay. Methods: In this study, we retrospectively included children under 14 years of age and above three years who underwent scoliosis surgery under a caudal epidural-general anaesthesia using caudal morphine and the dexmedetomidine technique in the period from January to May 2023 at the National Guard Health Affairs Hospital (NGHA), Riyadh. We collected the data of seven cases using the electronic chart system of the Best Care database to extract the specific cases that meet the inclusion criteria for the study, which are idiopathic scoliosis patients, aged 3-14 years, and primary correction procedures. Results: The pain-free duration was between seven hours and 48 hours (about two days). There were four female cases (57.14%), and three cases were male (42.85%). The patients' American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) status were II to III. In all the cases, there was no documentation of any episodes of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV), respiratory distress or pruritus, except for one case where the patient had an episode of PONV. Conclusion: In this study, our aim was to present our experience with dexmedetomidine as an efficient medication when coadministered with morphine to be used in the operating room. We found a high level of reliability in prolonging analgesia time and delaying the usage of rescue medication. We encourage more studies on caudal dexmedetomidine for patients undergoing scoliosis surgery.

Evaluation of YouTube Videos as a Source of Information about Dementia Care

Aim: Digital platforms such as YouTube are popular sources of health-related information. Although there are studies evaluating the quality of different online medical content, studies focusing on the quality of dementia-related content are limited. This study aimed to investigate the quality of YouTube videos related to dementia patient care. Material and Methods: Using the term "Dementia care" on the YouTube platform, 100 English videos that met the inclusion criteria were identified and analyzed. In addition to video popularity measurements, to evaluate content quality, the global quality scale (GQS), modified DISCERN scale, Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) quality scale, and the patient education materials assessment tool for audio/visual materials (PEMAT-A/V) are used. Results: It was observed that most of the videos were uploaded by non-academic health institutions (36%) and health professionals (23%). When the content of the videos was evaluated, it was determined that general care strategies were the most common content with 52%. Scores indicating high levels of reliability and accuracy were determined on all applied content quality scales. Videos sourced from academic healthcare institutions were found to have the highest scores on content quality scales. In correlation analyses, video metrics such as duration, view ratio, number of comments, and video power index values were positively correlated with content quality scores. Conclusion: Videos about dementia patient care on YouTube generally exhibit high popularity and content quality. Individuals seeking information about dementia care on online platforms should be directed to videos uploaded by healthcare institutions.

COVID-19 Impact on Substance Use (Tobacco, Alcohol, Cannabis) and Stress in Medical Students

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to unprecedented challenges globally, impacting various aspects of daily life, including education. This study examines the effects of the pandemic on stress levels and substance use among Italian medical students. Two independent surveys were conducted: 388 medical students were interviewed before the epidemic, and 222 medical students a year after the COVID-19 epidemic began. Results revealed significant changes in stress levels, with a reduction in mild stress and an increase in severe stress during the post-pandemic period, rising from 23% (95% CI: 19%-28%) to 46% (95% CI: 39%-52%). While tobacco smoking prevalence remained stable (25% vs 27%), the proportion of students exhibiting high levels of nicotine dependence increased (3.64%) compared to the period before the pandemic (1.80%). Alcohol consumption rates remained consistent (66%), with no significant differences in the distribution of risky alcohol consumption between the two periods (<em>p</em> = 0.535). Surprisingly, there was a significant decrease in cannabis use post-pandemic (16% vs 6%), though problematic use among users persisted (49% vs 46%). Multivariable analysis confirmed associations between stress and tobacco smoking (AdjOR = 1.98, 95% CI: 1.11-3.53; <em>p</em> = 0.020), as well as alcohol consumption (AdjOR = 1.71, 95% CI: 1.01-2.89; <em>p</em> = 0.047). Furthermore, male students were more likely to engage in alcohol (AdjOR = 2.16, 95% CI: 1.47-3.19; <em>p</em> < 0.001) and cannabis use (AdjOR = 1.79, 95% CI: 1.07-3.00; <em>p</em> = 0.027). The study highlighted the complex interplay between stress and substance use among medical students, underscoring the importance of targeted interventions to address stress-related substance use and support the well-being of medical students, particularly in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Further research should explore longitudinal trends and the effectiveness of interventions in mitigating stress-related substance use among this vulnerable population.

Ten golden rules for restoration to secure resilient and just seagrass social‐ecological systems

Societal Impact StatementSeagrass meadows are a globally important habitat subject to significant loss. As efforts to restore these sensitive habitats are hampered by their high cost and low levels of reliability, rigorous guidance is required to improve effectiveness and ensure they are cost‐effective. Here, we define 10 golden rules for how we can undertake seagrass restoration. We do this by considering that for seagrass restoration to be successful, it needs to take place with people and not against people. The framework we present aims to direct efforts for seagrass restoration that are holistic and achieve broad goals for people, biodiversity and the planet.SummaryThe world has lost a significant proportion of its seagrass, and although glimmers of hope for its recovery exist, losses and degradations continue. First and foremost, evidence highlights the need to put the world on a global pathway to seagrass net gain. Achieving this outcome requires that conservation of what remains is a priority, but reaching net gain requires seagrass coverage to increase at rates unlikely to be achieved naturally; large‐scale active restoration is required to fill this gap. Novel finance mechanisms aligned to the climate emergency and biodiversity crises are increasingly leading to larger scale restoration projects. However, no clear framework exists for developing or prioritising approaches. With seagrass restoration expensive and unreliable, rigorous guidance is required to improve effectiveness and ensure it is cost‐effective. Building on evidence from terrestrial and marine sources, here, we apply the ‘10 golden rules’ concept, first outlined for reforestation and later applied to coral reefs, to seagrass restoration. In doing so, we follow international standards for ecological restoration and view seagrass restoration in a broad context, whereby regeneration can be achieved either by planting or by enhancing and facilitating natural recovery. These rules somewhat differ from those on reforestation and coral reef restoration, principally due to the relative immaturity of seagrass restoration science. These 10 golden rules for seagrass restoration are placed within a coupled social‐ecological systems context, and we present a framework for conservation more broadly, to achieve multiple goals pertaining to people, biodiversity and the planet.

The Chinese Mandarin COMHON Index and Braden Scale to assess pressure injury risk in intensive care: An inter-rater reliability and convergent validity study

BackgroundThe COMHON Index is an intensive-care-specific pressure injury risk assessment tool, which has demonstrated promising psychometric properties. It has been translated into Chinese Mandarin but requires inter-rater reliability testing and comparison to the standard care instrument (Braden Scale) before clinical use. ObjectivesThis study aimed to test and compare the inter-rater reliability and convergent validity of the Chinese Mandarin versions of the COMHON Index and Braden Scale. MethodsThe study was conducted in a Chinese comprehensive intensive care unit. Based on a sample size calculation, five registered nurse raters with at least 6-months experience independently conducted risk assessments for 20 adult patients using both the COMHON Index and Braden Scale. Intraclass correlations (ICC) for inter-rater reliability, standard errors of measurement (SEM), and minimally detectable change (MDC) were calculated. Convergent validity was assessed using Pearson Product Moment Correlation for sum scores and Spearman's rho for subscales. ResultsInter-rater reliability of COMHON Index and Braden Scale sum scores was very high (ICC [1,1] = 0.973; [95% confidence interval 0.949–0.988]; SEM 0.54; MDC 1.50) and high (ICC [1,1] = 0.891; [95% confidence interval 0.793-0.951]; SEM 0.93; MDC 2.57), respectively. All COMHON-Index subscales demonstrated ICC values >0.6, whereas two Braden Scale subscales (Mobility, Activity) were below this threshold. Instrument sum scores were strongly correlated (Pearson's r = −0.76 [r2 = 0.58]; p < 0.001), as were three subscale item pairs (mobility rs= −0.56 [r2 = 0.32]; nutrition rs= −0.63 [r2 = 0.39]; level of consciousness/sensory perception rs= −0.67 [r2 = 0.45] p < 0.001). ConclusionBoth the COMHON Index and Braden Scale demonstrated high levels of inter-rater reliability and measured similar constructs. However, the COMHON Index demonstrated superior inter-rater reliability and the results suggest that it better detects changes in patient condition and subsequently pressure injury risk. Further testing is recommended.

Reliability and separation index analysis of mathematics questions integrated with the cultural architecture framework using the Rasch model

This research uses Rasch model analysis to identify the reliability and separation index of an integrated mathematics test instrument with a cultural architecture structure in measuring students' mathematical thinking abilities. The study involved 357 students from six eighth-grade public junior high schools in Bima. The selection of schools was based on average school exam scores and considered the effectiveness of the learning process that used cultural settings to explore mathematical content. Data analysis was conducted using Microsoft Excel to calculate the content validity of Aiken's index with four experts and the jMetrik software to measure reliability and the separation index. The research results indicate that the mathematics test instrument passed validation by mathematics experts and measurements with a valid content validity level. Rasch model calibration shows a very high level of instrument reliability. Separation analysis on the logit scale indicates the instrument's ability to differentiate students with different ability levels with good homogeneity in the distribution of test items and individual abilities. Scale quality statistics show good item response variability, low error rates and a high separation index. This study has limitations because it focuses solely on multiple-choice questions. Similar research must be conducted using other types of questions (such as those used in PISA, namely open- constructed and closed-constructed questions) and integrating other mathematical materials within relevant cultural architectural structures.

Assessing smart sustainable library practices in higher education: development and validation of instrument

A smart sustainable library is a new form of a library that blends sustainability and smart libraries with an emphasis on ethics. This study focuses on the need for thorough tools to assess the evolving concept of a smart sustainable library, especially within Malaysian higher education. This study emphasizes the need for a comprehensive tool that combines smart library, sustainability practices, and ethical values in libraries. Developed and conducted a pilot study to validate a new instrument designed to assess these intertwined aspects thoroughly. By distributing a survey to 30 librarians from different academic institutions in Malaysia, we used statistical measures such as Cronbach's alpha, omega, and corrected item-total correlation to assess the validity and reliability of the instrument. The results showed a high level of reliability with Cronbach's alpha at 0.929 and Omega at 0.918, suggesting that the instrument has strong internal consistency and could be effective for wider use. Our research indicates that the newly developed instrument effectively captures the complex nature of smart sustainable libraries, demonstrating its potential for future research and practical use in the field. This research significantly contributes to the library science field by offering a validated tool to evaluate smart sustainable library development.

Association between perceived overqualification, work engagement, job satisfaction among nurses: a cross-sectional study

ObjectivesThis cross-sectional correlational study aimed to understand nurses’ perceived overqualification and work engagement, explore their effects on job satisfaction and provide a theoretical basis for hospital management policies in a...

Development of Body Safety Module Among Elementary School Students: Perception of Effectiveness on SDGS

Objective: Sexual education for children is crucial as it aids in their understanding and appreciation of their bodies. This research aims to develop a Body Safety Module as a teaching tool for primary school students. The modules were analyzed to determine perception of usability as well as their effectiveness. Methods: This study focuses on design and development research, adopting the five phases in the ADDIE model for the module development process. To evaluate the module’s effectiveness, 205 respondents were randomly chosen to complete a questionnaire. Furthermore, an additional 71 pupils participated in pre- and post-effectiveness tests. This study examined three specific aspects of validity: content validity, questionnaire validity, and the effectiveness of pre and post-test. Results and conclusion: The module received extensive professional review and agreement, showing a 93.73% agreement on the validity of the content. Meanwhile, the test of the effectiveness of the module using questionnaires reflected a validity rate of 93.3%. The questionnaire also demonstrated a high level of reliability (α = 0.766). Data analysis was performed using inferential statistics (T-test) and descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation). When assessing student perceptions of the module, a moderate level of agreement was found across various aspects: design (M 2.67, SD 0.51), satisfaction (M 2.36, SD 0.67), and usability (M 2.69, SP 0.52). There was a significant difference in mean scores between the control and treatment groups in post-test results. In this aspect, the Body Safety Module proved more effective than traditional textbooks for students. As a result, this module is an appropriate teaching tool for elementary school students. Research Implications: This module serves a broader purpose than merely a teaching tool; it is suitable for children aged from 7 to 12 years old. This early sexual education module delivers crucial knowledge and awareness, empowering children to protect their precious bodies and recognize sexual harassment instances. Gender equality is closely linked to the prevention of sexual harassment and abuse. The Body Safety Module addresses these issues by fostering awareness among children, regardless of gender, about their rights and boundaries.

Effect of a 12-Week Strength Training Program on Muscle Strength Measures of Institutionalized Older Adults-A Pilot Study.

Institutionalized older adults are characterized by high levels of dependence and low levels of physical activity compared to those living in the community. This combination of factors leads to an increased risk of loss of muscle mass. Sarcopenia can be countered through strength training. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of a strength training program on the physical fitness of institutionalized older adults. This study included a sample of 31 institutionalized older adults (20 females, 11 males) aged between 65 and 96 years (M = 81.64, SD = 8.67). Participants reported an average institutionalization duration of 2.43 years (SD = 2.20), ranging from half a year to ten years. A 12-week strength training program was implemented, with sessions held twice a week. Strength fitness was assessed through the following parameters: handgrip strength, upper limb muscular endurance, lower limb muscular endurance, agility and balance, body mass index, and waist circumference. The results demonstrated that a 12-week strength training program improved physical fitness in terms of lower limb muscular endurance, upper limb muscular endurance, agility, and dynamic balance (p < 0.05).

Study of a Narrow Fabric-Based E-Textile System-From Research to Field Tests.

Electronic textiles (e-textiles) are a branch of wearable technology based on integrating smart systems into textile materials creating different possibilities, transforming industries, and improving individuals' quality of life. E-textiles hold vast potential, particularly for use in personal protective equipment (PPE) by embedding sensors and smart technologies into garments, thus significantly enhancing safety and performance. Although this branch of research has been active for several decades now, only a few products have made it to the market. Achieving durability, reliability, user acceptance, sustainability, and integration into current manufacturing processes remains challenging. High levels of reliability and user acceptance are critical for technical textiles, such as those used in PPE. While studies address washing reliability and field tests, they often overlook end user preferences regarding smart textiles. This paper presents a narrow fabric-based e-textile system co-developed by engineers, garment and textiles' manufacturers, and firefighters. It highlights material choices and integration methods, and evaluates the system's reliability, sustainability, and user experience, providing comprehensive insights into developing and analyzing e-textile products, particularly in the PPE field.

Development Diagnostik Of Three Tier Multiple Choice Diagnostic Test Instrument To Assess Learners' Ability On Static Electricity Material

This study aims to determine the feasibility and ability of learners to the instruments developed. This research was conducted at SMA Negeri 6 Pematangsiantarcarriedin the odd semester of the 2023/2024 academic year. The type of research used is R &amp; D (Reaserch and Development) using 3D models. The study was conducted on students who have studied static electricity materials. The samples used in this study were 36 students from Class XII-IPA 3 taken byrandom sampling. Data collection techniques in this study is by way of interviews, tests, and provide a response questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using the person correlation equation with diagnostic tests. The results of this study is a test instrument to measure the ability of students in SMA Negeri 6 Pematangsiantar on static electricity as many as 20 items of diagnostic questionsthree tier multiple choice. The item is already valid measured by the estimated product moment, has a high level of reliability with a value of 0.712, the difficulty level of the item is good. The results of the analysis of the problem items and the analysis of the ability of students showed that the test instruments used are effective in measuring the ability of students in SMA Negeri 6 Pematangsiantar on static electricity.

Validity and reliability of the Greek Migraine-Specific Quality of Life Questionnaire (MSQ Version 2.1-GR)

BackgroundTo assess the validity and reliability of the Migraine-Specific Quality of Life Questionnaire 2.1 (MSQv.2.1) in a group of Greek migraineurs.Design—sample—methodsThe Greek version of MSQv.2.1 (MSQv.2.1-GR), a self-report measure with 14 items in 3 domains (Role Restrictive (RR), Role Preventive (RP) and Emotional Function (EF)), was administered during a cross-sectional study to 141 Greek adult migraineurs and 135 controls without migraine or any other primary headache disorder, along with Migraine Disability Assessment Scale (MIDAS) and Short Form Health Survey (SF-12) to assess validity. MSQv.2.1-GR was re-administered in a group of participants with migraine two weeks afterwards to assess reliability. Content and construct validity was assessed using Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC), Spearman rho, McDonald’s omega, Cronbach’s alpha. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to test the latent structure of the MSQv.2.1-GR in migraineurs.ResultsA total of 276 adults participated in the study. Internal consistency of the three MSQv.2.1-GR scales RR, RP and EF yielded a range of McDonald’s omega from 0.832 to 0.923 (Cronbach’s alpha from 0.814 to 0.923). CFA confirmed the proposed three-factor MSQv.2.1-GR latent structure with acceptable goodness of fit indices and factor loadings. Correlations were established between MSQv2.1-GR component and MIDAS scores, showing moderate and statistically significant relationships (from − 0.519 to −0.562, all p < 0.001) for RR, RP and EF. Correlations between MSQv2.1-GR and SF-12 component scores were identified, with values from 0.1 to 0.4, indicating low to moderate associations. ICC was calculated at 0.997, indicating a high level of reliability between the measures. Notably, all MSQv2.1-GR scores (RR, RP, EF) were significantly higher in the controls compared to migraineurs (p < 0.001 for all scales). These findings suggest that MSQv2.1-GR is internally consistent, shows significant correlations with relevant measures, and is effective in discriminating controls from migraineurs.ConclusionMSQv2.1-GR is a valid and reliable tool to determine the effect migraine has on the quality of life of Greek-speaking migraineurs.

Bridging the gap in medical education: comparing analysis of light microscopy and virtual microscopy in histology.

This study aims to investigate the impact of virtual microscopy (VM) and light microscopy (LM) on the satisfaction of second-year medical students and how they affect student performance in different educational settings. The research involved 94 second-year students from Izmir Democracy University's School of Medicine, with criteria requiring enrollment in the 2021-2022 academic year and attendance of at least 80% in histology practical course. A paired two-tailed t-test was used for comparison, with a researcher-designed questionnaire for data collection. Cronbach's alpha was 0.894 for the LM questionnaire, and 0.918 for the VM questionnaire, indicating high level of reliability. LM scored higher in the questionnaire (p = 0.010), but VM showed higher exam averages (p = 0.013). The study found VM more effective in exams, with students showing high satisfaction with LM. VM's accessibility to histological preparations and its impact on learning levels and board exam success rates were noted. The study concludes that while VM is becoming essential in histology education due to its positive impact on exam performance and accessibility, LM remains highly valued by students for its hands-on experience and satisfaction levels.

Mind the Gap! Null Modals (and Other Functional Verbs) in Finite Complementation in Italo-Greek

Although Italo-Greek is characterized by a general retreat of infinitival complementation, it partly preserves the infinitive in restructuring contexts: a handful of functional auxiliaries—in an overt or covert form—allow for infinitival complements, with which they enter in a monoclausal union. Such a preservation also triggers consequences for finite complementation. Indeed, those predicates that still select for infinitival complements may lack finite complementation, resulting in only the lexical embedded verb surfacing instead of the complex sentence AUX + na + finite verb: δen du ékame típote ‘he could not do anything to him’ (lit. ‘he did not do anything to him’). I claim that such an absence—which gives rise to a semantic or even a syntactic gap—depends on the effects of the restructuring rule, which creates a high level of dependency and interlacing between the matrix and embedded verbs. When finite complements gradually replaced infinitival ones, though only sporadically, some predicates stopped selecting for finite complements, ultimately depriving the sentence of modal and other functional specifications.