High Levels Of Support Research Articles

Organizational Support, Work Engagement, and Self-efficacy among University Counselors in Northern China

This study investigated the levels of organizational support, work engagement, and self-efficacy among university counselors in northern China. It determined the degree of organizational support available to college counselors from organizations, supervisors, colleagues, and students; assessed work engagement through sub-variables such as vigor, dedication, and absorption; evaluate self-efficacy by exploring counselors’ confidence in handling challenges and examining self-efficacy beliefs in different work aspects; and explored the interrelationships among organizational support, work engagement, and self-efficacy. A descriptive-correlational research design was employed, with data collected through surveys distributed to university counselors in northern China. Findings revealed that counselors generally perceive moderate to high levels of organizational support, particularly from supervisors and colleagues. Work engagement levels were relatively high, with strong scores in vigor and dedication. Self-efficacy levels varied, with higher confidence observed in handling student-related tasks compared to administrative duties. Significant positive correlations were found among organizational support, work engagement, and self-efficacy. Key areas for improvement include job security, promotion opportunities, and competitive salaries. While this study provides valuable insights into these areas, it is important to acknowledge certain limitations. The sample, drawn exclusively from five universities in northern China, may not fully represent university counselors across the entire country. Future research should include a more diverse sample from various regions and university types to improve generalizability. Additionally, although correlations among the variables were identified, these do not imply causation.

Participatory Censorship in Authoritarian Regimes

Contrary to the conventional top-down view of government censorship, this study argues that ordinary citizens in authoritarian regimes frequently participate in censorship by reporting online content. I hypothesize that such participation in censorship partially explains the high level of public support for censorship found in existing surveys. Using an original survey in China, I demonstrate that participation in censorship is indeed prevalent, with over half of the respondents self-report having previously flagged online content, and that such participation is positively correlated with support for the censorship apparatus. To causally test the hypothesis, I conduct a pre-registered experiment using custom-engineered, simulated social media pages to manipulate reporting behavior. The results show that respondents encouraged to report simulated posts display significantly higher support for the censorship apparatus. This study highlights the role of ordinary citizens in facilitating authoritarian control and explains why repressive apparatus like censorship can be popular with the population.

Effect of transformational leadership on employees’ shared goals during merger and acquisition: moderating roles of organizational support and participative decision-making

PurposeDespite the benefits that firms obtain from merger and acquisition (M&A), this strategy frequently poses a significant challenge for management in encouraging employees of the acquired firm to develop shared goals with the new organization. This research analyzes the effect of transformational leadership by department managers in the acquiring firm on the degree to which employees in the acquired firm develop shared goals. We also examine whether the effect of transformational leadership on shared goals could be moderated by organizational support and employee participation in decision-making.Design/methodology/approachThis research was conducted using the case of a firm in the power and energy sector that was undergoing M&A. Survey data were obtained from 203 employees and their department managers to avoid common method bias. The data were analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling.FindingsWe found that employees in the acquired firm who worked for the department managers of the acquiring firms who demonstrated transformational leadership were more likely to adopt shared goals than those who did not. Moreover, the moderating effect analysis shows that transformational leadership had a greater effect on shared goals when employees perceived that they received a high level of organizational support. On the contrary, transformational leadership had a weaker effect on shared goals when employees actively participated in decision-making.Practical implicationsTransformational leadership is the leadership practice that the management of the acquiring firm needs to apply to employees, who are a critical part of the firm’s human capital, when they manage the M&A activities. The management also needs to demonstrate to the employees that the acquiring firm cares about the employees’ well-being and has sincere concern for them throughout and after the M&A process. Despite the transformational leadership practice’s essential role, participative decision-making is another management practice that should be implemented to reduce employees’ reliance on the management’s transformational leadership to persuade them to adopt shared goals, which might be essential when the transformational leadership practice cannot be effectively implemented.Originality/valueOur results regarding the moderating effects of perceived organizational support and participative decision-making add some new knowledge to the theory by showing that the management’s implementation of transformational leadership during M&A will need to consider other management practices that may either intensify or weaken the benefit that employees may gain from the management’s transformational leadership.

Variation in the geometry of concept manifolds across human visual cortex.

Brain activity patterns in high-level visual cortex support accurate linear classification of visual concepts (e.g., objects or scenes). It has long been appreciated that the accuracy of linear classification in any brain area depends on the geometry of its concept manifolds-sets of brain activity patterns that encode images of a concept. However, it is unclear how the geometry of concept manifolds differs between regions of visual cortex that support accurate classification and those that don't, or how it differs between visual cortex and deep neural networks (DNNs). We estimated geometric properties of concept manifolds that, per a recent theory, directly determine the accuracy of simple "few-shot" linear classifiers. Using a large fMRI dataset, we show that variation in classification accuracy across human visual cortex is driven by a variation in a single geometric property: the distance between manifold centers ("geometric Signal"). In contrast, variation in classification accuracy across most DNN layers is driven by an increase in the effective number of manifold dimensions ("Dimensionality"). Despite this difference in the geometric properties that affect few-shot classification performance in the brain and DNNs, we find that Signal and Dimensionality are strongly, negatively correlated: when Signal increases across brain regions or DNN layers, Dimensionality decreases, and vice versa. We conclude that visual cortex and DNNs deploy different geometric strategies for accurate linear classification of concepts, even though both are subject to the same constraint.

Leaving the Norwegian opioid maintenance treatment program - patient experiences

BackgroundOpioid maintenance treatment (OMT) saves lives and makes it possible to start a process of health and social rehabilitation. Previous research shows that those who leave OMT after years of a drug free life and a reasonable level of health and social rehabilitation can have a good chance of living a stable drug free life after leaving the treatment. The aim of this study was to gain more knowledge about how patients who were in the process of leaving, or who had left OMT, experienced the leaving process.MethodsThe study was based on a thematic analysis of transcripts from individual in-depth interviews with 24 patients who had experience with leaving the Norwegian OMT program. Results: The participants in this study had a strong motivation to endure a demanding substitution medication tapering process and leave the OMT program. The tapering benefited strongly from adaptive routines based on ongoing dialog between patients and service providers throughout the process, based on individualized goals and patient experiences each step on the way. The participants had varied experiences regarding the quality and relevance of the support and meeting the need for further treatment and services.ConclusionsGiven a high level of rehabilitation and good support, this study shows that some OMT program patients are in a good position to successfully leave the OMT program or continue the substitution treatment on a low dosage in a less OMT program-dominated life.

Political neglect and support for the radical right: The case of rural Portugal

Why are rural voters more likely to support radical right parties? This paper examines the mechanisms behind the relationship between living in a rural area and supporting the Portuguese radical-right party Chega. Portugal's radical right is an interesting case study, not only because of its belated but very fast electoral growth but also because Portugal represents an unusual case of economic convergence between urban and rural areas in the last decade, challenging one of the traditional explanations for rural populism — economic grievances. Using data from exit polls from the 2022 and 2024 elections, we start by showing that voters living in a rural area are characterized by disproportionally high levels of support for Chega. Then, using a 2023 face-to-face national survey, we use parallel mediation models to test different mechanisms that relate rurality with the vote for the radical right. We find no evidence that cultural and economic factors play a relevant role in the relationship between rurality and the radical right vote in Portugal. Instead, rural residents are more likely to perceive the areas where they live as politically neglected, and it is this perception that feeds, in turn, into support for the radical right. Political neglect emerges as the key mediating factor, shedding light on the dynamics of radical right-wing populism in rural regions.

Leveraging large-scale multi-omics evidences to identify therapeutic targets from genome-wide association studies.

Therapeutic targets supported by genetic evidence from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) show higher probability of success in clinical trials. GWAS is a powerful approach to identify links between genetic variants and phenotypic variation; however, identifying the genes driving associations identified in GWAS remains challenging. Integration of molecular quantitative trait loci (molQTL) such as expression QTL (eQTL) using mendelian randomization (MR) and colocalization analyses can help with the identification of causal genes. Careful interpretation remains warranted because eQTL can affect the expression of multiple genes within the same locus. We used a combination of genomic features that include variant annotation, activity-by-contact maps, MR, and colocalization with molQTL to prioritize causal genes across 4,611 disease GWAS and meta-analyses from biobank studies, namely FinnGen, Estonian Biobank and UK Biobank. Genes identified using this approach are enriched for gold standard causal genes and capture known biological links between disease genetics and biology. In addition, we find that eQTL colocalizing with GWAS are statistically enriched for corresponding disease-relevant tissues. We show that predicted directionality from MR is generally consistent with matched drug mechanism of actions (> 85% for approved drugs). Compared to the nearest gene mapping method, genes supported by multi-omics evidences displayed higher enrichment in approved therapeutic targets (risk ratio 1.75 vs. 2.58 for genes with the highest level of support). Finally, using this approach, we detected anassociation between the IL6 receptor signal transduction gene IL6ST and polymyalgia rheumatica, an indication for which sarilumab, a monoclonal antibody against IL-6, has been recently approved. Combining variant annotation, activity-by-contact maps, and molQTL increases performance to identify causal genes, while informing on directionality which can be translated to successful target identification and drug development.

The Welfare System in the Face of War Refugees From Ukraine: The Experience of Social Workers in Poland

ABSTRACTThis article explores the experiences of social workers in Poland assisting Ukrainian War refugees in the immediate aftermath of the Russian invasion in 2022. It adopts a ‘culture of disaster’ framework, positioning social workers as professionals responding to macro‐level crises and disasters. The research is based on a quantitative survey (computer‐assisted web interview [CAWI]) of social workers in municipalities with the highest refugee populations (N = 402). The article shows that the majority of social workers were primarily involved in an emergency response, focusing on meeting basic social needs. However, their involvement in social inclusion and advocacy was significantly less common. Social workers reported high levels of community support and valued working with local communities. The research highlights the challenges faced during the crisis, including professional overload, inadequate regulatory frameworks and the perception of local welfare centres as the only support structures for refugees.

Unveiling hidden diversity: Phylogenomics of neotomine rodents and taxonomic implications for the genus Peromyscus

Neotomine rodents (Cricetidae, Neotominae) represent one of the most commonly encountered and diverse group of rodents in North America, yet phylogenetic relationships within this group remain uncertain. This subfamily is known for its rapid evolution, adding more complexity to our efforts to unravel their evolutionary history. The main debate revolves around the recognition of the genus Peromyscus as monophyletic or paraphyletic due to its relationship with other genera such as Habromys, Megadontomys, Podomys, Neotomodon, and Osgoodomys. Here, we aim to resolve phylogenetic relationships within Neotominae, to further explore their evolutionary history and taxonomic boundaries. We used target capture and high-throughput sequencing of complete mitogenomes and thousands of genome-wide ultraconserved elements loci (UCEs). Our comprehensive analyses encompassed 53 species of Neotominae spanning 12 previously described genera, along with one yet-undescribed genus. We also investigated 12 out of the 13 species groups within Peromyscus. Our analyses, including Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian Inference with both mitogemomes and UCEs, as well as the coalescent species-tree-based approach with UCEs, consistently recovered concordant and well-resolved phylogenies with high levels of nodal support. We identified seven main clades within Neotominae that could potentially be recognized at the generic level, mostly to categorize the genus Peromyscus as a monophyletic group, including one species group within “Peromyscus”. Furthermore, our divergence dating estimates place the crown age of Neotominae to be around the late Miocene at ca. 7.9 – 10.7 mya. While generic level diversification continued through the Pliocene, species level diversification predominantly occurred during the late Pliocene, extending through the Pleistocene and Holocene. These epochs have been recognized as periods with significant changes in flora and fauna, driving ecological transformations on a global scale. We hypothesized that climatic and vegetation shifts during the Neogene and Quaternary, coupled with geological events, topographical features, and the presence of biogeographical corridors played a pivotal role in the speciation and diversification of Neotominae. Recognizing the importance of generating genomic-scale data coupled with a broad taxonomic sampling, our study, for the first time, offers resolution of the relationships among the main lineages of Neotominae. We expect that the phylogeny presented here will serve as a foundational resource for future systematic and evolutionary studies. This includes facilitating a proper comprehensive taxonomic revision of the group and the formal description and naming of new genera.

Characterization and Outcomes of Profoundly and Non-profoundly Autistic Individuals Admitted to a Specialized Psychiatric Inpatient Unit.

The prevalence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is currently estimated to be 1 in 36 children. While much is known about the impact of ASD on family and community functioning as well as treatment outcomes, less is known about a relatively new categorization of ASD, called "profound autism." The current study evaluated 14 consecutively admitted patients meeting criteria for profound autism to a specialized psychiatric inpatient and partial hospitalization program. We then selected 15 non-profoundly autistic youth admitted immediately before or after each profoundly autistic youth to serve as a comparison. Patient caregivers completed measures about parental stress and the severity and frequency of patient problem behavior, and patients participated in functional analyses of problem behavior and function-based treatment programs during their admission. Results showed profoundly autistic youth spent an average of 14 more days admitted to the psychiatric unit, and they engaged in higher parent-reported severity and frequency of self-injurious and stereotypic behavior. Functional analysis results for profoundly autistic youth showed a higher occurrence of automatically reinforced problem behavior but otherwise similar results. As well, profoundly autistic youth showed a lower percentage reduction in problem behavior at the end of the psychiatric hospitalization than their non-profoundly autistic peers. Profoundly autistic youth seem to require a high level of behavioral support, even after psychiatric hospitalization. Insurance companies and therapists need to recognize these challenges and invest sufficient resources to meet their treatment needs.

NCOG-13. ASSESSING CAREGIVER OUTCOMES OF PRIMARY BRAIN TUMOR PATIENTS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE

Abstract BACKGROUND Family caregivers in neuro-oncology are known to have high levels of unmet support needs. Intervention trials and effective support options are scarce. The Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology (RANO-) Cares working group has been established to determine standards of caregiver outcomes (CO) research reporting in neuro-oncology. We present the current state of methodological quality of reporting on neuro-oncology caregiver outcomes in randomized controlled trials (RCTs). METHODS A systematic literature review (PubMed/Medline, Embase, Web of Science, Emcare, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO; July 2023) was performed to assess to what degree RCTs assessing outcomes of family caregivers of adult primary brain tumor patients adhere to established reporting standards. Using Covidence, screening and data extraction was independently performed by two researchers, with a third guiding consensus. A 33-item checklist (23 applicable to secondary analysis reports) based on the International Society for Quality of Life (ISOQOL) Research criteria for patient-reported outcome reporting was utilized to assess reporting standards. Risk of bias was assessed per RCT. RESULTS Fifteen publications (12 unique RCTs) included 684 neuro-oncology caregivers, with low overall risk of bias. Ten publications (66%) reported on COs as a primary aim and eight (80%) of these satisfied ≥2/3 of the key methodological criteria. Of the five secondary analysis reports (33%) two met ≥2/3 of applicable key criteria. Criteria often missed are related to sample size calculations, details on statistical approaches, discussion of limitations and clinical significance of studies. Only three of the 12 RCTs were definitive trials aimed at improving COs and five should be considered as pilot or feasibility studies. CONCLUSION RCTs investigating neuro-oncology COs have high reporting standards and risk of bias was low. Future studies should focus on specific caregiver interventions to reduce high caregiver burden and with that patients’ quality of life.

Feasibility of a custom-tailored, evidence-based, theory-informed, intervention to prevent burnout and reduce stress for healthcare professionals: protocol for a single-arm trial

BackgroundHealthcare professionals face high levels of occupational stress, time pressure, workload, and poor organizational support. This makes them particularly vulnerable to burnout. The COVID-19 pandemic has further exacerbated this situation. This single-arm, multicenter, mixed-methods feasibility study pilots the LAGOM program: A tailored, evidence-based intervention to prevent burnout and reduce stress among healthcare professionals.MethodsParticipants will include healthcare professionals (N = 30) working at Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Immanuel Hospital, Berlin. LAGOM focuses on support for individual behavior change and personal resources and also addresses the organizational level. The intervention´s feasibility will be evaluated through a non-randomized feasibility trial with a mixed methods process evaluation. The exploratory primary study aims are to assess the acceptability and feasibility of the (1) evaluation procedures and of the (2) intervention content and structure using study records, standardized questionnaires, protocol checklists, and diaries. Exploratory effectiveness analysis will take place as well. Further, semi-structured interviews (n = 3 to 6) and electrophysiological measurements (n = 20) will be conducted.DiscussionCustom-tailored, well-implemented multi-level interventions are needed to prevent burnout and reduce stress among healthcare professionals. Long-term strategies are warranted to sustainably implement effective programs. This feasibility study helps to refine trial procedures and content of the LAGOM program for a randomized controlled trial to evaluate the intervention’s effectiveness.Trial registrationGerman Clinical Trials Register: DRKS00032014, registered 17th October 2023.

The Relationship between Family Support and Anxiety Level in Preoperative Major Elective General Anesthesia Patients at dr. Soedomo Hospital Trenggalek

surgical process. Family support plays a crucial role in helping patients manage preoperative anxiety. The study aimed to analyze the relationship between family support and anxiety levels in patients undergoing major elective surgery with general anesthesia. The research design was cross-sectional. The study population consisted of 92 patients, with a sample size of 75 recruited through non-probability purposive sampling. The study utilized family support and Amsterdam preoperative anxiety and information Scale (APAIS) questionnaires as instruments. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical tests, including Spearman’s rank correlation (Rho) with a p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The results showed that almost all participant received high levels of family support (81.3%) and moderate level of preoperative anxiety (81.3%). The Spearman rank test indicated a significant relationship between family support and anxiety levels (p-value = 0.000 0.05) with a very strong, negative correlation (r = -.870). In conclusion, higher the family support is associated with lower anxiety level in preoperative patients. It is recommended that families provide consistent support during preoperative phase to help reduce patient level of anxiety.

Affective Polarization Among Radical‐Right Supporters: Dislike Differentiation and Democratic Support

Partisan affective polarization describes the extent to which different partisans like or dislike each other. In Europe, affective dislike is strongest towards the radical-right, as mainstream voters tend to hold particularly negative affect towards radical-right supporters. This is an important pattern given the recent high levels of support for radical-right parties, for example in the Netherlands, France, and Italy. However, the perspective of radical-right supporters themselves has been largely neglected in existing work. To remedy this, we examine how radical-right supporters feel towards supporters of mainstream parties. We develop a new concept, dislike differentiation, which refers to the extent to which radical-right supporters differentiate in the dislike they harbor towards mainstream parties. We use two new studies that sampled 2,628 radical-right supporters in nine European polities. We find that some supporters reject all mainstream parties, whereas others follow more typical patterns of political competition along ideological lines. Dislike differentiation among radical-right supporters is linked to key socio-political phenomena, including party attachment, ideological extremism, satisfaction with democracy, and political tolerance. By creating a novel typology combining out-party dislike and dislike differentiation, we show that anti-system radical-right supporters, characterized by high out-party dislike and low dislike differentiation, are the least supportive of democracy. By centering our analysis on those voters that receive and radiate the highest levels of negative affect, we advance knowledge on what fosters polarized attitudes and intolerance in Europe’s multiparty systems in times when the electoral popularity of the radical-right is surging.

Dutch maternity care providers’ attitudes toward and support of young fathers: A cross-sectional survey-based study

BackgroundGiven their often-vulnerable circumstances, young fathers’ childcare involvement is precarious. Despite the potential benefits of receiving professional support, young fathers experience exclusion or suboptimal support in maternity care. Insights into maternity care providers’ attitudes toward young fathers and their perspectives on the support they provide to this group are, however, lacking. Such insights could be helpful to better align support with young fathers’ needs. AimThe study objectives were to examine maternity care providers’ attitudes toward young fathers and their perspectives on the support they provide to them, assess relationships between the two and investigate differences between and within occupational groups. MethodAn online survey study was conducted with 183 Dutch midwives and maternity nurses. FindingsMaternity care providers reported positive attitudes and high levels of support. They indicated that they provide mainly affirmative support, followed by emotional, informational, and instrumental support. All forms of support correlated significantly with positive attitudes. Maternity nurses had higher positive attitude and support scores than did midwives, with the largest difference observed for instrumental support. ConclusionMaternity care providers reported positive attitudes and high levels of support provided to young fathers, which stands in contrast with the father's experience of support. This difference suggests that having positive attitudes and the intention to deliver high levels of support are not by definition sufficient to meet young fathers’ support needs. Attention should also be paid to the forms and manners of support provided.

Veno-Venous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Support for Severe Primary Graft Dysfunction Is Associated With Reduced Airway Complications After Lung Transplantation.

Early utilization of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) improves the clinical outcomes of patients with severe primary graft dysfunction (PGD3) after lung transplantation. Although there is a survival benefit, the impact of ECMO on airway complications has not been investigated. This study aims to describe the clinical association between posttransplant methods of support and the severity of acute airway anastomosis complications in patients with PGD3 following bilateral lung transplantation. Data from adult bilateral lung transplant patients diagnosed with PGD3 at our institution were retrospectively reviewed. Bronchial anastomosis necrosis (ischemia reperfusion injury [IRI]) that developed within a month after transplantation was graded. The data were compared among the groups of veno-venous ECMO (VV-ECMO) (n = 77), veno-arterial ECMO (VA-ECMO) (n = 14), and mechanical ventilation (MV, n = 33). Higher levels of support (VV/VA-ECMO) were associated with a lower incidence of PGD3, which was highest in recipients on MV only (M2 = 19.54, r = -0.41, p<0.001). In a multivariable competing risk analysis, VV-ECMO was protective against chronic allograft dysfunction (CLAD) relative to the MV group (HR: 0.36 [0.13-0.96], p = 0.042). There was no relationship between posttransplant support and survival. This study suggests posttransplant VV-ECMO support in patients who develop PGD3 may confer a protective advantage over MV alone in the prevention of ischemic reperfusion injury. VV-ECMO was associated with lower IRI grades and lower rates of BOS after transplantation. Future studies investigating the causal mechanisms are warranted.

The compensatory protective effects of organizational and supervisor support for nurses’ morale in sickness presenteeism: a three-way moderated mediation model

PurposeThe present study explored sickness presenteeism as a linchpin connecting prolonged working hours to elevated turnover intention among hospital nurses (mediation). In addition, we examined the joint moderating effects of organizational health care support and supervisor support on the second stage of the “long working hours-presenteeism-turnover” process (three-way moderated mediation).Design/methodology/approachWe conducted a two-wave survey to collect data over a four-month period from hospital nurses in Taiwan. The final sample for analysis had 294 nurses.FindingsWe found that presenteeism partially mediated the elevated turnover intention after working long hours four months later. We also found a significant three-way moderation effect of organizational health care support and supervisor support on the positive relationship between presenteeism and turnover intention. Specifically, nurses reported the lowest turnover intention with high levels of both organizational healthcare and supervisor support, the highest turnover intention with both support being low, and the intermediate level of turnover intention when any one of the support was high.Practical implicationsOrganizations should build a positive work environment through organizational health care support and supervisor support to retain talents.Originality/valueOur findings suggested that support resources of different origins (organization-level vs line supervisor) can compensate for one another to protect the employees in demanding work conditions. Our moderated mediation model exploring the psychosocial context of presenteeism has theoretical contributions pivoting on the interplay of resources at different levels in the organization as well as practical implications for presenteeism management.

A survey to understand whether an evolution of the Eatwell Guide and use of icons would support protein diversification, particularly more plant-based and fungi-based (non-animal) proteins

Dietary guidelines, such as the Eatwell Guide, play a crucial role in shaping public perceptions and behaviours regarding nutrition. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in diversifying protein sources, particularly towards more sustainable options such as plant-based and fungibased proteins.(1,2) However, the effectiveness of current dietary guidance in promoting these alternatives remains uncertain.(3) This study aims to seek views from healthcare and food professionals on whether an evolution of the Eatwell Guide to represent more protein-rich foods, and incorporate icons to denote origin of protein sources, could raise awareness of and support protein diversification.Between 8th and 31st March 2024, an incentivised survey was distributed to members of the MyNutriWeb community, consisting primarily of healthcare and food professionals. The survey aimed to gauge respondents’ perceptions of whether an evolution of the visual representation of the Eatwell Guide, to represent more protein sources pictorially or within the description, and the use of icons within the plate image, would support them when talking through the protein section and support protein diversification, particularly in the form of plant-based and fungi-based proteins.Of the 865 respondents, the majority (65%) were dietitians and nutritionists, with 12% being students and the remaining respondents representing various other food and health professions. While 83% (of 719 respondents) reported finding plant-based and fungi-based foods and drinks easy to identify within the Eatwell Guide plate image and description, only 12% were confident that those they support can easily identify them. However, a significant proportion (92% of 712 respondents) believed that updating the proteins description and images within the Eatwell Guide to showcase a more diverse range of proteins, will support people to consider more plant-based and fungi-based proteins within their diet. Furthermore, 68% (of 688 respondents) think adding plant-based and fungi-based icons to help themselves and other people to more easily identify plant-based and fungi-based foods and drinks would be ‘helpful’ or ‘very helpful’.These findings underscore the potential for visual and descriptive enhancements of the Eatwell Guide, such as the inclusion of a more diverse range of protein foods and the use of icons, to improve the effectiveness of dietary guidelines in promoting protein diversification. By better representing plant-based and fungi-based options, the Eatwell Guide could facilitate informed decision-making and encourage the adoption of more sustainable dietary practices. Moreover, the high level of support expressed by respondents, including nutrition professionals, highlights the relevance and importance of incorporating visual aids to support the in-practice promotion of healthier and more sustainable dietary habits.

Going the Extra Mile: What Drives Employee Voluntarism in Public Sector Organizations?

This research intends to investigate the impact of employee age and innovative work climate on the relationship between supportive supervisory roles and employee acts of voluntarism. Using a large cross-sectional survey of the Australian Public Service we find that the influence of supportive supervisors on employees’ acts of voluntarism and extra role behaviors at work is higher amongst younger employees. This indicates that younger employees are more likely to engage in acts of voluntarism as a result of supportive supervisory roles. Findings also indicate that innovative work climate accentuates the relationship between supportive supervisory behaviors and acts of voluntarism. Employees who experience high levels of innovative work climate and high levels of support from supervisors tend to display higher levels of voluntarism and extra role behaviors at work. These findings have several theoretical and practical implications.

Variations in health literacy and influential factors affecting the categories of social support among rural patients with diabetes mellitus.

The aim of this study is to explore the inherent classification of social support among individuals residing in rural areas of China. Additionally, we aim to examine the attributes and variations in health literacy scores among patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) within diverse social support categories. Cross-sectional study. Employing the multi-stage stratified sampling technique, we enrolled 2,178 patients diagnosed with DM residing in the rural regions of Guangxi Province. We utilized the General Information Questionnaire, Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS), and Functional, Communicative and Critical Health Literacy Instrument. The rural patients with DM were categorized into four distinct groups based on the types and levels of their underlying social support. These groups included a low-level social support utilization group (43%), a low-level objective social support group (17%), a moderate-level social support group (20%), and a high-level social support and high-level utilization group (20%). Statistical analysis revealed significant differences among the four groups in terms of age, disease duration, and blood sugar control level (p < 0.05). Furthermore, health literacy scores and scores across various dimensions for rural patients with DM demonstrated variability in accordance with latent profiles of social support, with statistically significant differences observed (p < 0.05). A positive correlation was identified between the level of social support and all dimensions of health literacy among rural patients with DM (p < 0.05). The social support available to individuals with DM in rural settings can be categorized into four distinct types, and its manifestation is influenced by demographic factors. The health literacy of rural patients with DM is intricately linked to the extent of social support they receive. For enhanced outcomes, interventions targeted at enhancing health literacy and quality of life among rural patients with DM should be tailored to address the heterogeneity observed in latent profiles of social support.